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Starting with the Basics
有... (There is / There are)

1 动词 'to be' (am, is, are) 2 有... (There is / There are) 3 主谓一致：'S'规则 (主谓一致) 4 动词 'have'：一般现在时形式 (I have / He has) 5 使用 'It' 和 'There'（时间、天气和存在）

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A1 Verb Tenses 22 min read 简单

有... (There is / There are)

用 There is/are 来表达“某处有某物”，记得根据数量选对动词 is 或 are。

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'There is' for one thing and 'There are' for two or more to say something exists.

Use 'There is' (or 'There's') for singular nouns: 'There is a cat.'
Use 'There are' for plural nouns: 'There are two cats.'
Swap the order for questions: 'Is there a cat?' or 'Are there cats?'

There + is/are + 📦 (Object) + 📍 (Location)

Overview

有没有过这种感觉：走进房间却觉得有人在盯着你？或者打开冰箱才发现，除了那一罐孤零零的酸黄瓜，there is（什么都没有）可吃的？我们用 there is 和 there are 这两个短语来指出某样东西的存在。在很多语言里，你可能只需要一个词（比如西班牙语的 hay 或法语的 il y a），但英语更喜欢讲究一点。我们非常在意聊的是一个东西还是一堆东西。把这些短语想象成英语里的“指路手指”吧。你不是在说某个东西在做什么，你只是在向世界宣布它的存在。无论你是要报告游戏里的一个 bug，还是告诉朋友 Steam 上正有大促销，你都会用到这个规则。它是描述场景的终极破冰工具。没有它，你的描述听起来会像一份配料表，而不是一个故事。记住：即使你独自在一个漆黑的房子里，也总有一条 there is 语法规则陪着你。

How This Grammar Works

在英语里，每个句子都需要一个主语。通常是个具体的人，比如 I、you 或者是送披萨的小哥。但如果你只是想说某样东西存在呢？你不能直接用 Is a cat on the table 开头，那样听起来像个电量不足的机器人。这时候 there 就派上用场了。在这个语境下，there 并不是“在那儿”（表示地点）的意思，而是一个“伪主语”（dummy subject）。它就像个占座的，先把门抵住，好让句子的其他部分走进来。句子真正的焦点在动词*之后*。如果你说 There is a coffee on my desk，coffee 才是真正的主角。动词 is 或 are 必须和这个主角匹配。这有点像夜店门口的保安：如果只有一个人来，你就用 is；如果来了一群网红，你就得用 are。这个系统很简单，但它让英语保持井然有序。如果你掌握了这一点，发短信或发 Instagram 配文时听起来会自然得多。

Formation Pattern

造这些句子就像在 App 上点外卖一样简单。你只需要三个部分：

单词 there（我们的占座员）。

动词 to be（要么是 is，要么是 are）。

名词（存在的东西）。

Conjugation Table

Form	Example	Translation
Positive Singular	`There is` a cat.	有一只猫。
Positive Plural	`There are` two cats.	有两只猫。
Negative Singular	`There is not` (isn't) a cat.	没有猫。
Negative Plural	`There are not` (aren't) any cats.	没有任何猫。
Question Singular	`Is there` a cat?	有猫吗？
Question Plural	`Are there` any cats?	有猫吗？

When To Use It

在数字世界里，你会发现自己经常用到这个规则。

描述照片：
There is 这张照片里有一个美丽的日落。
查看可用性：
现在 Is there 有 Uber（打车软件）可用吗？
报告问题： "最新的更新里 There's 有一个 bug。"
制定计划：
今晚电影院有 There are 三部电影上映。
社交媒体： "TikTok 上有个 There's 你非看不可的新流行趋势。"

基本上，任何需要“搭建场景”的时候，你都需要这个模式。如果你在拍旅游 VLOG 想给粉丝展示酒店房间，你大概每五秒就会说一次 there is 和 there are。“There is 这里有一个小冰箱，there are 还有一些免费零食！”（老实说，零食才是精华所在）。

Common Mistakes

最大的陷阱是在该用 There is 的时候用了 It is。这通常是因为很多语言里这两个意思用同一个词。如果你说 It is a fly in my soup，你其实是在说这只苍蝇*就是*那碗汤。这太恶心了，而且语法也是错的。用 There is 来表达苍蝇在这个位置存在。

另一个错误是复数忘了加 s。There are three dog 听起来像你忘了怎么数数。

最后，留意“列表规则”。如果你在罗列东西，比如 There is a pen, a notebook, and some stickers，我们通常用 is，因为列表里的*第一个*项目（a pen）是单数。即使总共有很多东西，英语母语者也很懒，只看最近的那个词。这确实是个奇怪的小怪癖，但嘿，哪种语言没点儿戏精属性呢？

Contrast With Similar Patterns

怎么区分什么时候该用 There is 而不是 It is 呢？

用 There is 第一次介绍某样东西。“There is 大街上开了一家新咖啡馆。”
用 It is 来提供关于那样东西的更多细节。“It is 它非常贵，但咖啡很棒。”

把 There is 想象成开场介绍，把 It is 想象成后续描述。

另外，别把 There is 和 Have 搞混了。在西班牙语或葡萄牙语里，你可能会说 Have a problem。但在英语里，这听起来像是在叫别人去给自己找个麻烦。我们会说 There is a problem。只有当某人真正拥有一件东西时才用 have。“我 have（有）一部手机，上面 there is（有）一条裂痕。”

Quick FAQ

复数可以用 There's 吗？

随口聊天时？可以，大家一直这么干。但在写作或正式场合，还是坚持用 There are 吧。你的英语老师会感谢你的。

如果我要说数量为零呢？

用否定形式！There isn't 没有任何牛奶了。或者用 There is no 没有牛奶。两种都行，但用 no 感觉更有戏剧性。

there 是名词吗？

不是，它是一个充当“伪主语”的“代词”。它就像戏里的替身演员——在主角（真正的名词）出现之前，先在那儿顶一会儿。

怎么提问？

把单词顺序反过来就行！Is there...? 或者 Are there...? 别忘了问号，不然你的手机可能会以为你只是在陈述一个事实。

Present Simple Existence

Type	Singular / Uncountable	Plural
Affirmative	There is (There's)	There are
Negative	There is not (There isn't)	There are not (There aren't)
Question	Is there...?	Are there...?
Short Answer (+)	Yes, there is.	Yes, there are.
Short Answer (-)	No, there isn't.	No, there aren't.

Common Contractions

Full Form	Contraction	Usage Note
There is	There's	Very common in speech and informal writing.
There is not	There isn't / There's not	Both are common; 'isn't' is more standard.
There are not	There aren't	Common in speech.
There are	None	Native speakers rarely contract 'There are' in writing.

Meanings

A grammatical structure used to introduce new information or state that something exists in a particular place.

Singular Existence

Stating that one person, thing, or place exists.

“There is a new student in our class.”

“There's a fly in my soup!”

Plural Existence

Stating that multiple people, things, or places exist.

“There are many books on the shelf.”

“There are three cars in the garage.”

Uncountable Existence

Stating the existence of things we cannot count (liquids, concepts, etc.).

“There is some water on the floor.”

“There is a lot of traffic today.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 有... (There is / There are)
类型	单数 (1)	复数 (2+)
肯定句	There is a...	There are some...
否定句	There isn't a...	There aren't any...
疑问句	Is there a...?	Are there any...?
缩写	There's	There are (极少用 There're)
简短回答 (+)	Yes, there is.	Yes, there are.
简短回答 (-)	No, there isn't.	No, there aren't.

正式程度

正式

Might I inquire if there is a restroom available?

Might I inquire if there is a restroom available? (Travel/Public spaces)

中性

Is there a bathroom here?

Is there a bathroom here? (Travel/Public spaces)

非正式

Is there a toilet?

Is there a toilet? (Travel/Public spaces)

俚语

Any loos around?

Any loos around? (Travel/Public spaces)

表达“存在”的方法

There + Be

单数 (1)

There is a book
There's a cat

复数 (2+)

There are two pens
There aren't any dogs

There Is 对比 It Is

There Is (引入新事物)

There is a new phone. 介绍事物的存在。

It Is (描述特征)

It is expensive. 给出更多细节。

用 Is 还是 Are？

名词是单数 (1) 吗？

YES

用 'There is'

看下一步

名词是复数 (2+) 吗？

YES

用 'There are'

NO ↓

使用场景

📱

科技/APP

• There's an update
• There's no signal
• Are there new messages?

☕

社交生活

• Is there a table?
• There are many people
• There's a party

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按水平分级的例句

There is a cat on the sofa.

There are four chairs in the kitchen.

Is there a bank near here?

There are no apples in the bag.

There isn't any milk in the fridge.

Are there any messages for me?

There is a lot of noise outside.

There are some people waiting for you.

There was a big storm last night.

There will be a meeting at 10 AM.

There have been many changes recently.

Is there going to be a party?

There seems to be a misunderstanding.

There is likely to be some opposition to the new law.

There happened to be a doctor on the plane.

There is no point in arguing about it.

There remains much to be done before we can launch.

There exists a fine line between genius and madness.

There followed a period of great economic growth.

There arose a sudden shout from the crowd.

Should there be any further delays, please notify us immediately.

There is said to be a hidden treasure in these mountains.

There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned.

Were there to be a crisis, we would be well-prepared.

容易混淆

There is / There are (Existence) 对比 It is vs. There is

Learners use 'It is' to introduce things because their native language uses one word for both.

There is / There are (Existence) 对比 Have vs. There is

Learners use 'have' to say something exists in a place.

There is / There are (Existence) 对比 They are vs. There are

The words sound similar, leading to spelling and usage errors.

常见错误

✗

It is a book on the table.

✓

There is a book on the table.

Use 'There is' to introduce existence. 'It is' is for describing something already mentioned.

✗

There is two dogs.

✓

There are two dogs.

You must use 'are' because 'dogs' is plural.

✗

There is a park near here?

✓

Is there a park near here?

In English questions, the verb must come before the subject.

✗

There are some milks.

✓

There is some milk.

Milk is uncountable, so it uses 'is' and no 's'.

✗

There aren't some chairs.

✓

There aren't any chairs.

Use 'any' instead of 'some' in negative sentences.

✗

There is many people.

✓

There are many people.

People is a plural noun, even though it doesn't end in 's'.

✗

Is there any apples?

✓

Are there any apples?

Apples is plural, so the question must start with 'Are'.

✗

There have many problems.

✓

There are many problems.

Don't use 'have' for existence. 'Have' is for possession.

✗

There was many people at the party.

✓

There were many people at the party.

The past tense must also agree with the plural noun.

✗

There remains many questions.

✓

There remain many questions.

Even with formal verbs like 'remain', the verb must agree with the plural subject that follows.

句型

There is a ___ in the ___.

There are some ___ on the ___.

Is there a ___ near here?

There isn't any ___ left.

Real World Usage

Checking into a hotel very common

Is there a safe in the room?

Ordering at a restaurant very common

Are there any nuts in this salad?

Job Interview common

There are several skills I can bring to this role.

Texting a friend constant

There's a cool party tonight, you coming?

Reporting a problem common

There is a leak in the bathroom ceiling.

Social Media very common

There are so many beautiful places in this city! 😍

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⚠️

别掉进 It Is 的陷阱

想表达“花园里有一只猫”时，千万别说

It is a cat in the garden

。记住，It is 是用来描述特征的，比如

It is a black cat.

🎯

列表的小秘密

如果你要列出一串东西，动词只看第一个！比如

There is a book and five pens.

虽然总数多，但第一个是单数，就用 is。

💬

懒人必备缩写

在非正式聊天中，很多人不管单复数都爱说 "There's«。虽然考试会扣分，但听起来超地道！ »There's five people coming."

Smart Tips

Use 'There is' for the furniture and 'It is' for the color.

It is a bed in my room. The bed is big. → There is a bed in my room. It is big.

Always look at the very first word after 'There'. If it's singular, use 'is'.

There are a pen and some papers. → There is a pen and some papers.

Start with 'Is there...?' to be more polite.

Do you have milk? → Is there any milk?

Always use 'are'. 'People' is the most common plural noun that doesn't end in 's'.

There is a lot of people. → There are a lot of people.

发音

/ðɛərz/

The 'There's' Contraction

In the contraction 'There's', the 's' sounds like a /z/ sound.

/ðɛərɑːr/

Linking 'There are'

When saying 'There are', the 'r' in 'there' links to the 'a' in 'are'.

Rising Intonation for Questions

Is there a ↗️ bank?

Indicates a yes/no question.

记住它

记忆技巧

IS is for ONE (I is like the number 1). ARE is for MANY.

视觉联想

Imagine pointing your finger at one object and saying 'There is...'. Then imagine opening both arms wide to point at many objects and saying 'There are...'.

Rhyme

One thing here? There is a cat. Two things there? There are two hats.

Story

You walk into a dark room. You turn on the light. First, you see one thing: 'There is a box.' Then you look inside: 'There are five gold coins!' You are rich!