Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'have' for I, you, we, they, and 'has' for he, she, it.
- Use 'have' with I, You, We, They: 'I have a car.'
- Use 'has' with He, She, It: 'She has a cat.'
- In questions and negatives, always use 'have': 'Does he have a pen?'
Overview
have 是英语中最常用、最基础的动词之一。它非常重要，用来表达很多意思，最常见的是表示“拥有”，但也包括描述特征、关系、经历以及某些状态。对于A1阶段的学习者来说，理解 have 至关重要，因为它在一般现在时（Present Simple）中是一个不规则动词。这意味着它在某些主语后面会以特殊的方式变化，不遵循大多数其他英语动词后面加 -s 的规则。have 在第三人称单数后面会变成 has。have 的两种一般现在时形式：have 和 has。你使用哪种形式完全取决于句子的主语，这遵循一个叫做主谓一致（subject-verb agreement）的严格语法规则。掌握这个区别是构建语法正确英语句子的基础，能帮助你在最基本的A1阶段进行清晰的交流。have 主要用作一个状态动词（stative verb）。状态动词描述的是一种状态、情况、品质或关系，而不是一个正在进行的动作。这一点很重要，因为当表达这些固有的含义时，状态动词通常不使用进行时态（-ing形式）。have 的用法非常灵活，能让你简洁地表达广泛的概念。have 主要表达以下几种意思：- 拥有和所有权（Possession and Ownership）：这是最常见、最容易理解的用法。
have表示某物属于某人，或者某人拥有某物。 - 例如：
I have a new phone.（我有一部新手机。）——清楚地说明了个人所有权。 They have a big house.（他们有一栋大房子。）——说明了主语所拥有的东西。
- 特征和属性（Characteristics and Attributes）：用
have来描述人、动物或物体的特征、品质或外貌。这包括外在的长相和内在的品质。 - 例如：
She has blue eyes.（她有蓝色的眼睛。）——描述了外貌特征。 This car has four doors.（这辆车有四个门。）——描述了物体的特点。
- 关系（Relationships）：用
have来谈论人与人之间的联系，比如家庭成员、朋友或职业关系。 - 例如：
He has two brothers.（他有两个兄弟。）——表示家庭关系。 - 你也可以说：
We have many friends in common.（我们在共同的朋友很多。）——描述社交关系。
- 经历、事件和活动（Experiences, Events, and Activities）：在一些常见的固定表达中，
have指的是参加某个事件、某种经历或一个安排好的活动。 - 例如：
You have a meeting at 3 PM.（你下午3点有个会议。）——指的是一个安排好的事件。 I have a headache.（我头痛。）——表示当前的身体感觉或状况。
- 疾病和健康状况（Illnesses and Conditions）：用
have来描述正在经历的身体不适或健康问题。 - 例如：
She has a cold.（她感冒了。）——指的是一种常见的疾病。 He has a fever.（他发烧了。）——描述了一个身体症状。
have 都描述了一种持续的状态、一个普遍的真理或一个相对稳定的属性，这进一步印证了它作为状态动词的本质。具体的意思总是通过 have 或 has 后面的名词短语或表达来确定的。have 或 has 构成陈述句（肯定句）、否定句和疑问句都有特定的模式。需要牢记的关键点是：在构成否定句和疑问句时，当使用助动词 do 或 does 时，后面必须使用动词原形 have，而不是 has。have 或 has 形式结合，后面跟着表示“被拥有”或“被描述”的对象或补充说明。- 模式：
主语 + have/has + 宾语/补充说明 - *对*
have：用于I、you、we、they以及复数名词。 - *对*
has：用于he、she、it以及单数名词。 - *例子*：
I have a bicycle.（我有一辆自行车。）——表示拥有。She has long hair.（她有长发。）——描述特征。The students have many books.（学生们有很多书。）——表示拥有，主语是复数。
have 在一般现在时构成否定句，必须使用助动词 do not（通常缩写为 don't）或 does not（缩写为 doesn't）。关键是，在 don't 或 doesn't 后面，永远使用动词原形 have，绝不能用 has。- 模式：
主语 + do/does + not + have + 宾语/补充说明 - *对*
do not(don't)：用于I、you、we、they以及复数名词。 - *对*
does not(doesn't)：用于he、she、it以及单数名词。 - *例子*：
I do not have a car./I don't have a car.（我没有车。）He does not have a pet./He doesn't have a pet.（他没有宠物。）We don't have enough time.（我们时间不够。）
have 或 has 在一般现在时提问，句子必须以助动词 Do 或 Does 开头，后面跟着主语，然后是动词原形 have。同样，在 Do 或 Does 后面，永远使用动词原形 have，绝不能用 has。- 模式：
Do/Does + 主语 + have + 宾语/补充说明? - *对*
Do：用于I、you、we、they以及复数名词。 - *对*
Does：用于he、she、it以及单数名词。 - *例子*：
Do you have a pen?（你有笔吗？）Does she have a brother?（她有兄弟吗？）Do they have class today?（他们今天有课吗？）
have 或 has，当你在描述普遍成立的情况、习惯性的事情或代表永久状态时。这直接对应了英语一般现在时态的核心功能，即用于谈论事实、常规和随时间保持稳定的情况。- 普遍真理和事实（General Truths and Facts）：用来陈述一件持续为真或被普遍接受的事情。这是广泛适用的事实陈述。
Most birds have wings.（大多数鸟有翅膀。）——普遍的生物学事实。The Earth has one moon.（地球只有一个月亮。）——科学事实。
- 永久性财产（Permanent Possessions）：用来表示不暂时或不经常改变的所有权或拥有关系。这描述了人们或实体通常拥有的东西。
My parents have a house in the countryside.（我父母在乡下有一栋房子。）——长期的财产。Our school has a big library.（我们学校有一个大图书馆。）——学校的一个永久性设施。
- 规律的日常和习惯（Regular Routines and Habits）：在讨论作为日程一部分的、反复发生的活动、事件或情况，或者某人生活中的典型模式时使用。
I have breakfast at 7 AM every day.（我每天早上7点吃早餐。）——日常习惯。The class has a break at 10:30.（班级在10:30有休息时间。）——计划好的事件。
- 固定的特征或描述（Fixed Characteristics or Descriptions）：用于描述人、动物或物体不会随时间改变的固有品质或属性。这描述了稳定的特征。
My cat has soft fur.（我的猫有柔软的毛。）——外貌特征。The old building has tall windows.（这座旧建筑有高大的窗户。）——物体的描述性特征。
- 持续的状态或状况（Ongoing States or Conditions）：用于描述即使是暂时的，但仍在持续的健康状况或情况。
She has a bad cough.（她咳嗽得很厉害。）——当前的健康状况。He often has trouble sleeping.（他经常失眠。）——一种反复出现的情况。
have 作为状态动词，侧重于描述状况或属性，而不是动态的、正在进行的动作。使用一般现在时形式是合适的，因为它传达了稳定性和普遍有效性。have 通常发生在学习者试图将其用于描述正在发生的动作，或者将其含义与其他语法结构混淆时。区分它的状态用法和动态或暂时性情况的用法至关重要。- 避免用于表示“此刻正在发生”的动作（现在进行时）来表达拥有或状态：当
have表示拥有、特征、关系、疾病或状况时，它通常不使用进行时形式（例如am having,is having）。这些是状态，不是可以进行中的动作。 - 错误：
I am having a headache right now.（当我意思是“我现在拥有头痛”时。） - 正确：
I have a headache right now.（我现在头痛。） - 错误：
She is having long hair. - 正确：
She has long hair.（她有长发。）
have 的意思是“吃（eat）”、“进行（take）”、“体验（experience）”或“举办（hold a party）”时，它可以在现在进行时中使用。这时，have 描述的是一个主动的、暂时的动作。- 正确：
I am having lunch with my friends.（我和朋友们正在吃午饭。）——意思是“正在吃午饭”。 - 正确：
We are having a great time at the party.（我们在派对上玩得很开心。）——意思是“正在体验”快乐的时光。
- 避免在肯定句中使用
do或does（除非是为了强调）：在一般现在时中，助动词do和does主要用于构成疑问句和否定句。在have作为主要动词的肯定句中，通常不使用它们。在肯定句中使用它们会听起来不自然，就像在反驳或回应别人的怀疑时进行强调一样。 - 错误：
He does have a lot of books.（除非你是在特别肯定这个事实，反驳别人的不相信。） - 正确：
He has a lot of books.（他有很多书。） - 错误：
We do have a meeting at 3 PM. - 正确：
We have a meeting at 3 PM.（我们下午3点有个会议。）
- 避免用
have来表示某地“存在”某物：要表达某地“存在”某物，英语使用there is（单数）或there are（复数）。Have暗示的是某个特定主语的拥有。 - 错误：
The classroom has many students.（这错误地暗示教室“拥有”学生。） - 正确：
There are many students in the classroom.（这准确地说明了学生的存在。）
have 的使用准确且符合习惯。have 和 has 时，经常会犯一些特定、可预测的错误。这些错误通常源于对中文和英语在动词形式和用法上的差异理解不足，特别是关于主语和动词形式的匹配。have 和 has 的用法，尤其是在第三人称单数时- 错误：
He have a dog./She have a cat./It have four legs. - 原因：中文里动词没有变化，比如“我吃”、“他吃”都是同一个“吃”。很多初学者会直接套用中文的思维，认为不管主语是谁，
have都是一个固定的形式。他们没有记住英语中第三人称单数（he, she, it）后面，动词（包括have）需要特殊变化（have变成has）的规则。 - 正确：
He has a dog./She has a cat./It has four legs. - 记忆技巧：你可以记住一个口诀：“第三人称单数，
have变has，其他都用have！” （He,She,It，用has；I,You,We,They，用have。）
has- 错误：
He doesn't has a car./Does she has a brother? - 原因：这是最常见的错误之一。学习者在陈述句中记住了
he/she/it后面用has，然后在构成否定句（doesn't+ 动词）或疑问句（Does+ 主语 + 动词）时，忘记了助动词does（或does not）已经带有第三人称单数的标记（那个-s的意思），所以后面的主要动词应该恢复成原形have。 - 正确：
He doesn't have a car./Does she have a brother? - 理解：你可以这样想：
doesn't本身就像是does + not，而does已经包含了“第三人称单数”的意思，所以后面的have就要用回它的“老家”——原形。就像一家人，爸爸（does）已经把“第三人称单数”这个身份牌挂上了，儿子（have）就不需要再重复挂一遍了。
do 或 does 来构成肯定句- 错误：
I do have a book./They do have money.（在没有特别强调的语境下） - 原因：中文里，我们有时会用“是”（shì）来加强语气，比如“我是有工作的”。英语中，在肯定句里用
do/does来加强语气是可以的，但对于A1阶段的学习者来说，他们可能是在不强调的情况下，错误地加上了do/does，以为这是构成肯定句的标准方式。 - 正确：
I have a book./They have money. - 何时可以使用
do/does强调：当你想强调某事是真的，或者回应别人的质疑时，可以用do/does。例如，如果有人说“你可能没钱”，你可以回答：“I *do* have money!”（我确实有钱！）。但如果没有这种语境，就不要随意使用。
have 和 there is/are 的用法- 错误：
The park has many trees.（在描述公园里“存在”树木时） - 原因：中文里可以说“公园有许多树”，这里的“有”可以表示存在。但英语中，
have更强调“拥有”或“属于”某个主语。当你想表达某地“存在”某物时，更自然的表达是there is或there are。 - 正确：
There are many trees in the park.（公园里有许多树。） - 对比：
I have a car.（我拥有一辆车。）——表示“我”拥有。There is a car on the street.（街上有一辆车。）——表示“街上”存在一辆车。
have 和 has 的用法，也需要将其与英语中其他表示“存在”或“拥有”的结构进行对比，特别是 there is / there are。have / has | 表示主语拥有某物，或某物是主语的特征、组成部分、关系等。强调的是谁拥有或什么是主语的属性。 | 必须是具体的人、物或概念（单数或复数）。 | I have a pen. (我有一支笔。) She has a sister. (她有一个姐妹。) The book has 100 pages. (这本书有100页。) | 我有... / 她有... / 这本书有... |there is / there are | 表示某地或某个时间存在某人或某物。强调的是什么东西存在，而不是谁拥有。 | there 是形式主语，真正的“主语”是 is/are 后面的名词。is 用于单数，are 用于复数。 | There is a pen on the desk. (桌子上有一支笔。) There are two sisters. (有两个姐妹。) There are 100 pages in the book. (这本书里有100页。) | 存在着... / 有... |I have a book.→ 我（主语）拥有一本书（宾语）。There is a book.→ 存在着（There is）一本书（主语）。
have 也可以用进行时，这与表示“拥有”状态的 have/has 不同。have (一般现在时) | 拥有、特征、关系、疾病等状态 | Present Simple | He has a cold. (他感冒了。) We have a meeting. (我们有个会议。) | （表示状态）有... |am/is/are having (现在进行时) | 吃、喝、经历、举办等动作 | Present Continuous | I am having lunch. (我正在吃午饭。) They are having fun. (他们玩得很开心。) | 正在吃/喝/经历/举办... |have，什么时候用 has？I、you、we、they 或者任何复数名词，就用 have。如果主语是 he、she、it 或者任何单数名词，就用 has。记住：第三人称单数用 has，其他都用 have。have 而不是 has？Do 或 Does（以及 don't 或 doesn't）。这些助动词已经包含了“第三人称单数”的标记（Does 或 doesn't 中的 -s）。所以，后面的主要动词 have 要恢复成它的原形。你可以理解为 Does 已经“抢”走了那个 -s。He does have a car. 吗？He *does* have a car. （他确实有车！）。在一般情况下，直接说 He has a car. 就足够了，不需要加 does。have 和 there is/are 有什么区别？我什么时候用哪个？have/has 用来表示主语拥有某物，或者某物是主语的特征。例如 I have a phone.（我拥有一部手机）。There is/are 用来表示某地存在某物，强调的是存在性。例如 There is a phone on the table.（桌子上有一部手机）。所以，如果你想说“学校有图书馆”，应该用 Our school has a library.（学校拥有一个图书馆）。如果你想说“教室里有桌子”，应该用 There is a desk in the classroom.（教室里存在一张桌子）。1. Positive Sentences (+)
| Subject | Verb | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
I have a pen.
|
|
You
|
have
|
You have a key.
|
|
He
|
has
|
He has a big house.
|
|
She
|
has
|
She has a blue car.
|
|
It
|
has
|
It has four legs.
|
|
We
|
have
|
We have a meeting.
|
|
They
|
have
|
They have a lot of books.
|
2. Negative Sentences (-)
| Subject | Helper | Verb | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
don't
|
have
|
I don't have a pen.
|
|
You
|
don't
|
have
|
You don't have a key.
|
|
He
|
doesn't
|
have
|
He doesn't have a car.
|
|
She
|
doesn't
|
have
|
She doesn't have time.
|
|
It
|
doesn't
|
have
|
It doesn't have batteries.
|
|
We
|
don't
|
have
|
We don't have any milk.
|
|
They
|
don't
|
have
|
They don't have a dog.
|
3. Question Forms (?)
| Helper | Subject | Verb | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Do
|
I
|
have
|
Do I have your phone number?
|
|
Do
|
you
|
have
|
Do you have a question?
|
|
Does
|
he
|
have
|
Does he have a job?
|
|
Does
|
she
|
have
|
Does she have a sister?
|
|
Does
|
it
|
have
|
Does it have a tail?
|
|
Do
|
we
|
have
|
Do we have lunch now?
|
|
Do
|
they
|
have
|
Do they have children?
|
Meanings
We use 'have' and 'has' to talk about things we own, people we know, and things we do. It is one of the most common words in English. For A1 learners, remember: it shows a connection between a person and something else.
1. My Things (Possession)
Use this when you talk about your phone, your clothes, your car, or your house. It means the thing belongs to you.
“I have a new phone.”
“You have a blue shirt.”
2. My Family and Friends
Use 'have' to talk about your brothers, sisters, parents, or friends. They are 'in your life'.
“I have one sister.”
“He has two brothers.”
3. Eating and Drinking
In English, we use 'have' for meals. It is more natural than saying 'eat' or 'drink'.
“I have breakfast at 7 AM.”
“She has coffee in the morning.”
4. My Body and Health
Use 'have' to describe your eyes or hair. Also use it if you feel sick.
“I have brown eyes.”
“He has short hair.”
5. My Time and Plans
Use 'have' for meetings, classes, or free time.
“We have an English lesson now.”
“I have a meeting at 10 o'clock.”
Reference Table
| 主语 (谁) | 动词形式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
|
I (我)
|
have
|
I have a new phone.
|
|
You (你/你们)
|
have
|
You have a great smile.
|
|
He (他)
|
has
|
He has a job interview.
|
|
She (她)
|
has
|
She has a lot of friends.
|
|
It (它)
|
has
|
It has a red cover.
|
|
We (我们)
|
have
|
We have a big project.
|
|
They (他们)
|
have
|
They have two children.
|
正式程度
I possess a vehicle. (General)
I have a car. (General)
I've got a car. (General)
I got a ride. (General)
万能动词 Have
使用 HAVE 的主语
- I (我) I have a book.
- You (你) You have talent.
- We (我们) We have plans.
- They (他们) They have ideas.
- 复数名词 Students have homework.
使用 HAS 的主语
- He (他) He has a pet.
- She (她) She has a car.
- It (它) It has green leaves.
- 单数名词 The cat has whiskers.
主要用途
- 所属关系 I have a laptop.
- 外貌特征 She has long hair.
- 经历活动 We have a meeting.
- 亲属关系 He has a sister.
Have vs. Has 快速对照表
该选 Have 还是 Has？
句子里的主语是谁？
主语是 I, You, We, They 或者复数吗？
主语是 He, She, It 或者单数吗？
我们能“拥有”什么？
所属物
- • I have a new laptop.
- • She has a small apartment.
- • They have a car.
特征
- • He has blue eyes.
- • The dog has soft fur.
- • We have a lot of energy.
经历/活动
- • You have a busy day.
- • She has a meeting at 2 PM.
- • They have a party tonight.
人际关系
- • I have two brothers.
- • He has many friends.
- • Sarah has a kind family.
按水平分级的例句
I have a cat.
Tengo un gato.
She has a blue pen.
Ella tiene un bolígrafo azul.
Do you have the time?
¿Tienes hora?
He doesn't have any money.
Él no tiene dinero.
We have a meeting at ten.
Tenemos una reunión a las diez.
Does she have a valid passport?
¿Tiene ella un pasaporte válido?
I have a lot of respect for her work.
Tengo mucho respeto por su trabajo.
He has a tendency to arrive late.
Él tiene tendencia a llegar tarde.
She has a profound understanding of the subject.
Ella tiene un conocimiento profundo del tema.
Do you have any reservations about the plan?
¿Tienes alguna reserva sobre el plan?
He has an uncanny ability to predict market trends.
Él tiene una habilidad asombrosa para predecir las tendencias del mercado.
They have a vested interest in the outcome.
Ellos tienen un interés personal en el resultado.
容易混淆
Learners use 'have' for location.
Using 'has' for everything.
Using 'have' as an auxiliary.
常见错误
句型
I have ___.
She has ___.
Do you have ___?
Real World Usage
I have a new post!
I have five years of experience.
Do you have a menu?
Morning Routine
New Neighbors
主谓一致小口诀
别用进行时表示拥有
I am having a car。在英语里，表示“拥有”只要简单地说：
I have a car.
别忘了“它”
My phone has a long battery life.
地道的 Have got
记得加 a 或 an
She has an apple.
Smart Tips
Remember the 'does' rule.
Use 'has' for singular people.
Use 'don't' or 'doesn't'.
发音
Has
The 's' at the end sounds like a 'z'.
Question
Does she ↗ have a car?
Rising intonation for yes/no questions.
记住它
记忆技巧
Remember: 'Has' has an 's' for 'She' and 'He'.
视觉联想
Imagine a 'Has' box that only opens for He, She, and It. Everyone else uses the standard 'Have' box.
Rhyme
I, you, we, they have a cat, he, she, it has a hat.
Story
Sarah has a dog. She loves him. But her brothers don't have a dog. They have a cat. Does Sarah have a cat too? No, she doesn't have a cat.
Word Web
挑战
Write 5 sentences about what you have and what your best friend has.
文化笔记
British speakers often use 'have got' for possession.
Americans prefer 'I have' for simple possession.
From Old English 'habban'.
对话开场白
Do you have a pet?
Does your friend have a car?
Do you have any plans for the weekend?
日记主题
常见错误
Mistake #1: Using "have" for everyone
He have a car.
He has a car.
Always use "has" for He, She, and It. "Have" is only for I, You, We, and They.
Mistake #2: Using "has" in negatives
She doesn't has a dog.
She doesn't have a dog.
After "doesn't", we always use the base word "have". Don't use "has" in negative sentences!
Mistake #3: Using "has" in questions
Does he has a pen?
Does he have a pen?
In questions with "Does", we always use "have". "Does" already does the work for us!
Mistake #4: Using "have" for age
I have 20 years old.
I am 20 years old.
In English, we use "am/is/are" for age, not "have". This is a very common mistake!
Test Yourself
My best friend ___ a fantastic sense of humor.
Find and fix the mistake:
We has a big exam next Monday.
翻译：'Ella tiene un perro pequeño.' (她有一只小狗)
Answer starts with: ["S...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /4
练习题
4 exercisesShe ___ a cat.
Do you ___ a pen?
Find and fix the mistake:
He doesn't has a car.
have / I / a / dog
Score: /4
Practice Bank
12 exercisesYou ___ an amazing collection of comic books!
My phone have a cracked screen.
哪个句子是正确的？
翻译：'Nosotros tenemos una clase de inglés los martes.' (我们周二有英语课)
将单词排序成句：
匹配主语和形式：
The new software ___ some really cool features.
She have a lot of passion for her work.
哪个句子是正确的？
翻译：'Mi gato tiene ojos verdes.' (我的猫有绿色的眼睛)
排列单词：
Our team ___ a great chance to win the championship.
Score: /12
常见问题 (6)
It is an irregular verb conjugation rule in English.
No, only 'have'.
No, we use 'to be'.
They use 'have'.
It is neutral.
Use 'had'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Tener
Spanish conjugates for all persons, English only changes for 3rd person.
Avoir
French uses 'avoir' for age, while English uses 'to be'.
Haben
German has more complex conjugation patterns.
Motte iru
Japanese does not conjugate for person.
Indi (I have)
Arabic does not use a verb for possession.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
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