A2 Determiners 1 min read 简单

Demonstrative Adjectives

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'бұл' for things near you, 'сол' for things you just mentioned, and 'ол' for things further away.

  • Бұл (this): Use for objects close to the speaker. Example: Бұл кітап (This book).
  • Сол (that): Use for objects previously mentioned or nearby. Example: Сол үй (That house).
  • Ол (that/it): Use for objects far away from both. Example: Ол тау (That mountain).
Demonstrative + Noun = Specific Object

Meanings

Demonstrative adjectives in Kazakh function as determiners that specify the proximity of a noun to the speaker or listener.

1

Proximity

Identifying objects based on distance.

“Бұл қалам менікі.”

“Сол жерде тұр.”

Demonstrative Adjective Usage

Adjective Meaning Distance Example
Бұл This Close Бұл үй
Сол That Medium/Mentioned Сол үй
Ол That Far Ол үй

Reference Table

Reference table for Demonstrative Adjectives
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Demonstrative + Noun Бұл кітап
Negative Demonstrative + Noun + емес Бұл кітап емес
Question Demonstrative + Noun + ба/бе? Бұл кітап па?
Plural Demonstrative + Noun (plural) Бұл кітаптар

正式程度

正式
Бұл менің үйім.

Бұл менің үйім. (Introducing home)

中性
Бұл менің үйім.

Бұл менің үйім. (Introducing home)

非正式
Мынау менің үйім.

Мынау менің үйім. (Introducing home)

俚语
Мынау менің үйім ғой.

Мынау менің үйім ғой. (Introducing home)

Distance Scale

Speaker

Distance

  • Бұл Here/This
  • Сол There/That
  • Ол Far/That
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Examples by Level

1

Бұл алма.

This is an apple.

2

Ол үй.

That is a house.

3

Бұл кітап.

This is a book.

4

Ол машина.

That is a car.

1

Бұл сенің досың ба?

Is this your friend?

2

Сол күні біз бардық.

That day we went.

3

Ол жерде кім бар?

Who is there?

4

Бұл тапсырма оңай.

This task is easy.

1

Сол оқиғадан кейін бәрі өзгерді.

After that event, everything changed.

2

Ол кісіні танисың ба?

Do you know that person?

3

Бұл мәселені шешу керек.

This problem must be solved.

4

Сол кезде мен жас едім.

At that time, I was young.

1

Ол таулардың шыңына шығу қиын.

It is hard to climb the peaks of those mountains.

2

Бұл шешімнің салдары бар.

This decision has consequences.

3

Сол айтылған сөздер маңызды.

Those mentioned words are important.

4

Ол жақта ауа райы қандай?

What is the weather like over there?

1

Бұл тұжырымдама ғылыми негізделген.

This concept is scientifically grounded.

2

Сол кезеңдегі әдебиет өте бай.

The literature of that period is very rich.

3

Ол жағдайда не істер едіңіз?

What would you do in that situation?

4

Бұл үдеріс баяу жүреді.

This process moves slowly.

1

Сол бір шақтар еске түседі.

Those times come to mind.

2

Ол заманның адамдары басқаша болған.

The people of that era were different.

3

Бұл мәселедегі қайшылықтар көп.

There are many contradictions in this issue.

4

Сол уақыттан бері көп өзгеріс болды.

There have been many changes since that time.

Easily Confused

Demonstrative Adjectives 对比 Бұл vs Мынау

Both mean 'this', but 'мынау' is more colloquial.

常见错误

✗

Бұлар кітап

✓

Бұл кітаптар

Do not pluralize the demonstrative.
✗

Ол кітап менікі

✓

Бұл кітап менікі

Using 'ол' for something in your hand.
✗

Сол кітаптарлар

✓

Сол кітаптар

Double pluralization.
✗

Бұл-ның

✓

Мұның

Incorrectly declining the demonstrative adjective instead of the pronoun.

Sentence Patterns

___ ___ менікі.

Real World Usage

Shopping constant

Бұл қанша?

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💡

Keep it simple

Don't worry about case endings unless you are using the demonstrative as a pronoun.

Smart Tips

Use your whole hand.

Pointing with finger. → Pointing with open palm.

发音

bʊl, sol, ol

Vowel Harmony

The demonstratives themselves don't change, but following words might.

Question

Бұл кітап па? ↑

Rising intonation for questions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

B-S-O: Bұл (Big close), Cол (Some distance), Oл (Out there).

Visual Association

Imagine holding a book (Бұл), pointing to a table nearby (Сол), and waving at a mountain in the distance (Ол).

Rhyme

Бұл is near, Сол is clear, Ол is far, like a star.

Story

I hold this pen (Бұл). I look at that chair (Сол). I point to the sun (Ол).

Word Web

БұлСолОлМынауАнауСол жер

挑战

Point to 3 things in your room and label them using Бұл, Сол, and Ол.

文化笔记

Pointing with a finger is considered rude; use an open hand.

Turkic roots for pointing.

Conversation Starters

“

Бұл не?

Journal Prompts

Describe your room using demonstratives.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank

___ кітап менікі (This book is mine).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл
Бұл is for close objects.

Score: /1

练习题

1 exercises
Fill in the blank

___ кітап менікі (This book is mine).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл
Бұл is for close objects.

Score: /1

常见问题 (1)

Yes, 'Бұл кітаптар' is correct.

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

este/ese/aquel

Spanish adjectives agree in gender and number.

French moderate

ce/cette

Kazakh is gender-neutral.

German moderate

dieser/jener

Kazakh demonstratives are invariant as adjectives.

Japanese high

kore/sore/are

Japanese particles are different.

Arabic moderate

hadha/dhalika

Kazakh is gender-neutral.

Chinese partial

zhe/na

Kazakh has a three-tier system.

Previous
Demonstrative Pronouns
Next
Spatial Deixis

Related Grammar Rules

A0

Basic Demonstratives
A2

Demonstrative Pronouns
A2

Demonstrative Usage
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