पास्ट सिंपल पैसिव: पूर्ण किए गए कार्य (किया गया/किए गए)
was/were के साथ past participle का जादू चलाओ।
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'was' or 'were' plus a past participle to focus on what happened to something, rather than who did it.
- Use 'was' for singular subjects and 'were' for plural subjects: 'The letter was sent.'
- Always use the past participle (V3) of the main verb: 'The windows were broken.'
- Add 'by' only if the person who did the action is actually important: 'It was painted by Da Vinci.'
Overview
Past Simple Passive। अगर आप एक Hindi speaker हैं, तो आपने अक्सर सुना होगा कि 'काम हो गया' या 'यह काम किया गया'। English में इसी बात को कहने के लिए हम Passive Voice का इस्तेमाल करते हैं। हिंदी में हम इसे 'कर्म वाच्य' कहते हैं।Past Simple Passive का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।Passive Voice के बिना आप अपनी बात को प्रभावी ढंग से नहीं कह पाएंगे। इसे ऐसे समझें: Active voice में 'कर्ता' (Subject) राजा होता है, लेकिन Passive voice में 'कर्म' (Object) को राजा बना दिया जाता है।Active Voice में होते हैं: Subject + Verb + Object। जैसे: He wrote a letter (उसने पत्र लिखा)। यहाँ 'He' (वह) मुख्य है। लेकिन Passive Voice में हम इस ऑर्डर को बदल देते हैं। हम Object को आगे ले आते हैं। A letter was written by him (पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया)।Passive बनाने के लिए हमें दो चीज़ों की ज़रूरत होती है: to be की past form (was/were) और Past Participle (verb की तीसरी फॉर्म, जैसे: written, done, seen)।The car was repaired (कार रिपेयर की गई), तो यहाँ मैंने मैकेनिक का नाम नहीं लिया क्योंकि वह ज़रूरी नहीं था। यह हिंदी के 'कर्म वाच्य' (Passive Voice) का बिल्कुल सटीक अनुवाद है।Passive में verb हमेशा Past Participle में ही रहती है, चाहे समय कोई भी हो। हिंदी में हम 'गया' या 'गई' का प्रयोग करते हैं, जो लिंग (Gender) के अनुसार बदलता है। English में was/were का चुनाव Subject के नंबर (singular/plural) पर निर्भर करता है, न कि Gender पर। यह एक बहुत बड़ा अंतर है।Subject + was/were + Past Participle- 1
The cake was eaten.(केक खा लिया गया।) - 2
The files were deleted.(फाइलें डिलीट कर दी गईं।) - 3
The match was won by India.(मैच इंडिया द्वारा जीता गया।)
by का इस्तेमाल करेंगे। लेकिन ध्यान रहे, Passive का असली मज़ा ही तब है जब आप काम करने वाले को छुपा देते हैं।- 1जब करने वाला (Agent) पता न हो: जैसे,
My phone was stolen.(मेरा फोन चोरी हो गया)। मुझे नहीं पता किसने चोरी किया, इसलिए मैंने Passive का यूज़ किया। - 2जब करने वाला महत्वपूर्ण न हो: जैसे,
The bridge was built in 1990.(पुल 1990 में बना था)। यहाँ इंजीनियर का नाम मायने नहीं रखता, पुल का बनना मायने रखता है। - 3औपचारिक (Formal) बातचीत में: ऑफिस में या न्यूज़ में हम कहते हैं,
The meeting was cancelled.(मीटिंग कैंसिल कर दी गई)। यह सुनने में ज़्यादा प्रोफेशनल लगता है। - 4विनम्रता (Politeness) के लिए: अगर आप कहना चाहते हैं कि 'आपसे गलती हुई है', तो आप कह सकते हैं,
A mistake was made.यह 'You made a mistake' से कहीं ज़्यादा विनम्र है।
- 1'Was/Were' को भूल जाना: हिंदी भाषी अक्सर कहते हैं,
The work done yesterday.यह गलत है। हिंदी में हम 'किया' बोल देते हैं, लेकिन English में 'to be' वर्ब (was/were) अनिवार्य है। सही होगा:The work was done yesterday. - 2Subject-Verb Agreement की गलती: अगर Object प्लुरल है, तो 'were' लगाएं। जैसे,
The letters was sentगलत है। सही है:The letters were sentक्योंकिlettersप्लुरल हैं। - 3V2 और V3 का कन्फ्यूजन: बहुत से छात्र Passive में भी
wroteयाdid(V2) का यूज़ करते हैं। याद रखें, Passive में हमेशाwrittenयाdone(V3) का ही प्रयोग होगा।
- 1क्या मैं हमेशा 'by' का इस्तेमाल कर सकता हूँ?
by तभी लगाएं जब करने वाले का नाम बताना ज़रूरी हो। वर्ना इसे हटाना ही बेहतर है।- 1क्या Passive Voice में 'I' के साथ 'were' आ सकता है?
I के साथ हमेशा was आएगा। I was informed.- 1क्या ये सिर्फ भूतकाल (Past) के लिए है?
Past Simple Passive की बात कर रहे हैं।- 1क्या मैं 'by' के बाद 'me' या 'him' लिख सकता हूँ?
The work was done by me. यह पूरी तरह सही है।Past Simple Passive Conjugation
| Subject | Auxiliary (to be) | Past Participle (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I / He / She / It
|
was
|
done / seen / built
|
It was done.
|
|
You / We / They
|
were
|
done / seen / built
|
They were seen.
|
|
Negative (Singular)
|
was not (wasn't)
|
taken
|
He wasn't taken.
|
|
Negative (Plural)
|
were not (weren't)
|
taken
|
We weren't taken.
|
|
Question (Singular)
|
Was [subject]
|
invited?
|
Was she invited?
|
|
Question (Plural)
|
Were [subject]
|
invited?
|
Were they invited?
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
|
was not
|
wasn't
|
|
were not
|
weren't
|
Meanings
The Past Simple Passive is used to describe completed actions in the past where the object of the action becomes the subject of the sentence. It is used when the 'doer' is unknown, obvious, or less important than the action itself.
Historical Facts
Describing events in history where the focus is on the discovery, invention, or event.
“The Pyramids were built thousands of years ago.”
“America was reached by Columbus in 1492.”
Crime and Accidents
Reporting incidents where the perpetrator might be unknown or the victim/object is the news.
“My bike was stolen last night.”
“The shop was robbed at 4 AM.”
Process and Results
Focusing on the completion of a task rather than the worker.
“The report was finished on time.”
“The emails were sent this morning.”
Reference Table
| सब्जेक्ट (Subject) | फॉर्म (Form) | उदाहरण (Example) |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
was + past participle
|
I `was told` about the meeting.
|
|
You (singular)
|
were + past participle
|
You `were invited` to the party.
|
|
He/She/It
|
was + past participle
|
The car `was repaired` yesterday.
|
|
We
|
were + past participle
|
We `were informed` of the changes.
|
|
You (plural)
|
were + past participle
|
You `were offered` a discount.
|
|
They
|
were + past participle
|
They `were given` clear instructions.
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
The mobile device was misappropriated. (Theft)
My phone was stolen. (Theft)
My phone got nicked. (Theft)
My blower was swiped. (Theft)
Past Simple Passive: एक नज़र में
बनावट (Structure)
- was/were + Past Participle Verb Form
कब इस्तेमाल करें
- जब करने वाला पता न हो Doer doesn't matter
- फॉर्मल बातचीत के लिए Formal tone
- काम पर ज़ोर देने के लिए What happened
उदाहरण
- The email was sent. Email sent
- Houses were built. Houses built
Active बनाम Passive: Past Simple
क्या मुझे Past Simple Passive यूज़ करना चाहिए?
क्या काम करने वाला अनजान या गैर-ज़रूरी है?
क्या तुम काम या उसे झेलने वाले पर ज़ोर देना चाहते हो?
क्या तुम न्यूज़ या रिपोर्ट लिख रहे हो?
पैसिव के लिए Past Participles
Regular Verbs (-ed)
- • cleaned
- • finished
- • started
- • developed
Irregular Verbs (Common)
- • broken
- • taken
- • given
- • written
- • seen
- • made
उदाहरण वाक्य
- • The room was cleaned.
- • The picture was taken.
- • The decision was made.
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
The window was broken.
The window was broken.
The car was washed.
The car was washed.
The books were sold.
The books were sold.
The food was cold.
The food was cold.
The house was built in 1950.
The house was built in 1950.
The emails were sent at 9 AM.
The emails were sent at 9 AM.
The movie was directed by Spielberg.
The movie was directed by Spielberg.
Were the tickets bought yesterday?
Were the tickets bought yesterday?
The missing child was found in the park.
The missing child was found in the park.
The bridge was closed for repairs.
The bridge was closed for repairs.
My luggage was lost by the airline.
My luggage was lost by the airline.
The winners were chosen by a panel of experts.
The winners were chosen by a panel of experts.
The law was passed despite heavy opposition.
The law was passed despite heavy opposition.
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
The employees were notified of the changes via email.
The employees were notified of the changes via email.
The ancient ruins were discovered by accident.
The ancient ruins were discovered by accident.
The proposal was summarily rejected by the board.
The proposal was summarily rejected by the board.
The city was decimated by the earthquake of 1906.
The city was decimated by the earthquake of 1906.
The funds were misappropriated over a period of five years.
The funds were misappropriated over a period of five years.
The manuscript was painstakingly restored by conservators.
The manuscript was painstakingly restored by conservators.
The initiative was predicated upon the assumption of growth.
The initiative was predicated upon the assumption of growth.
The castle was besieged for months before it finally fell.
The castle was besieged for months before it finally fell.
The silence was broken only by the occasional cry of a gull.
The silence was broken only by the occasional cry of a gull.
The verdict was overturned on the grounds of insufficient evidence.
The verdict was overturned on the grounds of insufficient evidence.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners use the active when they mean the passive, making it sound like objects performed actions.
Mixing up 'is/are' with 'was/were'.
Confusing 'was done' with 'was being done'.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
The car fixed yesterday.
The car was fixed yesterday.
The books was sold.
The books were sold.
I was borned in 1990.
I was born in 1990.
The window broken.
The window was broken.
The letter was wrote.
The letter was written.
The dinner was cook by my mom.
The dinner was cooked by my mom.
Was the work finish?
Was the work finished?
The thief was arrest.
The thief was arrested.
He was bit by a dog.
He was bitten by a dog.
The house was build in 2000.
The house was built in 2000.
The data was analyzed (when referring to multiple sets).
The data were analyzed.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
The ___ was ___ by ___.
When was the ___ ___?
I wasn't ___ that ___.
Real World Usage
The suspect was arrested late last night.
The city was destroyed by fire in 1666.
Your order was shipped yesterday.
This video was made by my best friend!
The meeting was moved to Room 4.
The evidence was collected at the scene.
काम किस पर हुआ?
The cake was eaten.
हर जगह मत घुसाओ!
I made dinner ज़्यादा नेचुरल है।Irregular Verbs पर पकड़
The window was broken.
न्यूज़ और रिपोर्ट्स
The road was closed.
Smart Tips
Use the passive to sound professional and avoid pointing fingers.
Check if the verb before it is a past participle; if so, it's a passive sentence.
Use 'was taken' to describe the location or photographer.
If you don't know the V3, try adding -ed, but always double-check a dictionary for common verbs like 'see', 'give', and 'take'.
उच्चारण
Was/Were Stress
In passive sentences, 'was' and 'were' are usually unstressed (weak forms). The stress falls on the past participle.
-ed endings
Remember the three sounds of '-ed': /t/, /d/, and /ɪd/. 'Fixed' (/t/), 'Cleaned' (/d/), 'Painted' (/ɪd/).
Falling intonation for statements
The house was ↘built.
Conveys a completed fact.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
W.W.P.P. -> Was/Were + Past Participle. Remember: 'What was performed?'
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a factory conveyor belt. The product (the subject) is at the front, and the worker (the agent) is hidden behind a curtain. The focus is entirely on the finished product being 'was made'.
Rhyme
If the doer is unknown or just doesn't matter, use was or were to make the object flatter!
Story
A detective walks into a room. He doesn't say 'Someone stole the diamond.' He says, 'The diamond was stolen!' He focuses on the crime (the object) because he doesn't know the thief yet.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Look around your room. Find three things and say when they were made or where they were bought. (e.g., 'This lamp was bought in IKEA.')
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
The passive is very common in British English to sound polite or indirect. Instead of saying 'You broke this,' a Brit might say 'This was broken,' to avoid blaming you directly.
In scientific papers globally, the passive is the standard to show objectivity. It suggests the results are true regardless of who did the experiment.
News headlines often drop the 'was/were' to save space, but the meaning remains passive.
The passive voice in English evolved from Old English, which used the verbs 'weorthan' (to become) and 'beon' (to be) with a past participle.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
Where were you born and raised?
Tell me about a famous historical event in your country.
Have you ever had something stolen?
What's the best gift you were ever given?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
The famous painting ___ last night.
Find and fix the mistake:
The books was delivered yesterday.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'खाना मेरे भाई द्वारा बनाया गया था।'
Answer starts with: ["T...
Score: /4
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesThe letter ___ (post) yesterday morning.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
The windows was cleaned last week.
The chef prepared the meal.
We use 'was' for the subjects 'I, he, she, it' in the past passive.
A: Did you see the news? B: Yes, the bank ___ (rob) again!
Select the irregular one:
Active: 'They invited us.'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesMany mistakes ___ during the first trial.
The secret code was broke by hackers.
कौन सा वाक्य सही है?
Translate: 'नतीजे कल रात घोषित किए गए थे।'
इन शब्दों को सही क्रम में लगाएँ:
सब्जेक्ट को सही वर्ब फॉर्म से मिलाएँ:
The ancient city ___ by an earthquake.
Many valuable items was lost in the fire.
इनमें से कौन सा सही है?
Translate: 'दस्तावेजों पर आज सुबह हस्ताक्षर किए गए थे।'
वाक्य को सही क्रम में लगाएँ:
Score: /11
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
Use `by` only when the person or thing doing the action is important to the meaning. For example: 'The song was written by John Lennon.' If you say 'The room was cleaned by a cleaner,' it's usually better to just say 'The room was cleaned.'
No. You can only use it with 'transitive' verbs (verbs that take an object). You cannot use it with verbs like `go`, `sleep`, `happen`, or `arrive`.
Not at all! In fact, it's often more polite because it avoids blaming people. Saying 'The mistake was made' is softer than 'You made a mistake.'
We almost always use `was born` because being born is a finished action in the past. We only use 'is born' in very specific literary or religious contexts.
Move `was` or `were` to the start of the sentence. Example: 'Was the car stolen?'
In informal English, yes. 'I got fired' is the same as 'I was fired.' However, 'was' is better for writing and formal exams.
Yes, always. The passive voice cannot exist without the past participle (V3).
Because journalists often don't know who did the action (e.g., 'A man was killed') or they want to focus on the victim/event.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Voz pasiva (ser + participio) or Pasiva refleja (se)
English lacks the 'se' reflexive passive.
La voix passive (être + participe passé)
French participles must agree in gender and number with the subject.
Vorgangspassiv (werden + Partizip II)
The auxiliary verb is 'to become' in German, not 'to be'.
受身 (ukemi)
Japanese changes the verb ending rather than adding an auxiliary verb like 'was'.
المبني للمجهول (al-mabni lil-majhul)
Arabic does not use an auxiliary verb like 'was' to form the passive.
被字句 (bèi zì jù)
Chinese verbs do not change form (no participles).
Learning Path
Prerequisites
संबंधित वीडियो
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