الماضي البسيط المبني للمجهول: الأفعال المكتملة (فُعِلَ/فُعِلتْ)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'was' or 'were' plus a past participle to focus on what happened to something, rather than who did it.
- Use 'was' for singular subjects and 'were' for plural subjects: 'The letter was sent.'
- Always use the past participle (V3) of the main verb: 'The windows were broken.'
- Add 'by' only if the person who did the action is actually important: 'It was painted by Da Vinci.'
نظرة عامة
فاعل (الفاعل) + فعل + مفعول به (المتلقي).The construction crew built the bridge (طاقم البناء بنى الجسر). هنا، The construction crew هو الفاعل الذي قام بفعل البناء على the bridge.by، أو غالبًا ما يتم حذفه تمامًا.Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone (ألكسندر جراهام بيل اخترع الهاتف). هنا، التركيز واضح على Alexander Graham Bell كالمخترع. عند تحويلها إلى المبني للمجهول، تصبح: The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell (تم اختراع الهاتف بواسطة ألكسندر جراهام بيل).The telephone أصبح الفاعل الجديد. لكن في كثير من الأحيان، يتم حذف الفاعل الأصلي، كما في: The telephone was invented in the 19th century (تم اختراع الهاتف في القرن التاسع عشر). في هذه الحالة، من اخترعه معروف أو غير مهم، والمهم هو حقيقة الاختراع.The boy broke the glass. | The glass was broken (by the boy). |The engineer built the bridge. | The bridge was built (by the engineer). |to be) مع التصريف الثالث للفعل الرئيسي.to be (وهو was أو were)، و التصريف الثالث للفعل الرئيسي (past participle).was و were يعتمد على الفاعل الجديد في الجملة (الذي كان المفعول به في الجملة الأصلية). هل هو مفرد أم جمع؟الفاعل (متلقي الفعل) + was/were + التصريف الثالث للفعل الرئيسي (Past Participle)to be:- نستخدم
wasعندما يكون الفاعل الجديد مفردًا (مثل:I,he,she,it, أو أي اسم مفرد مثلthe car,my friend). - مثال:
The letter was written quickly.(الرسالة كُتبت بسرعة). - نستخدم
wereعندما يكون الفاعل الجديد جمعًا (مثل:you,we,they, أو أي اسم جمع مثلthe cars,my friends). - مثال:
The reports were filed yesterday.(تم أرشفة التقارير بالأمس).
- للأفعال المنتظمة (regular verbs): نضيف
-edإلى نهاية الفعل الأساسي. - أمثلة:
clean->cleaned,finish->finished,watch->watched. - للأفعال الشاذة (irregular verbs): هذه الأفعال لها تصريفات ثالثة خاصة بها يجب حفظها.
- أمثلة:
write->written,break->broken,take->taken,build->built.
The old factory was closed last year.(الفاعلfactoryمفرد، والفعلcloseمنتظم).Many historic documents were destroyed in the fire.(الفاعلdocumentsجمع، والفعلdestroyشاذ).My car was repaired by a local mechanic.(الفاعلcarمفرد، والفعلrepairمنتظم. هنا تم ذكر الفاعل الأصلي باستخدامby).
to be في الماضي:by + الفاعل الأصلي (The Optional by + agent Phrase):by متبوعًا بالفاعل الأصلي. لكن تذكر، الهدف الأساسي للمبني للمجهول غالبًا هو حذف الفاعل. لذا، استخدم هذه العبارة فقط عندما تضيف معلومة مهمة.- مثال:
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.(لوحة الموناليزا رُسمت بواسطة ليوناردو دافنشي). هنا، ذكر اسم الفنان مهم جدًا. - مثال آخر:
The road was blocked for hours.(الطريق أُغلق لساعات). هنا، من أغلق الطريق غير مهم، المهم هو أن الطريق كان مغلقًا.
- 1عندما يكون الفاعل (من قام بالفعل) غير معروف أو غير مهم:
- مثال:
My wallet was stolen on the train.(محفظتي سُرقت في القطار - لا أعرف من سرقها). - مثال:
The parcel was delivered yesterday afternoon.(تم توصيل الطرد بعد ظهر أمس - لا يهم من هو الساعي، المهم أن الطرد وصل). - مثال:
Many ancient artifacts were discovered during the excavation.(تم اكتشاف العديد من القطع الأثرية القديمة أثناء التنقيب - قد يكون علماء الآثار معروفين، لكن التركيز هنا على الاكتشاف نفسه).
- 1للحفاظ على الموضوعية أو الرسمية (Objectivity or Formality):
- مثال:
The experimental data was collected over a six-month period.(تم جمع البيانات التجريبية على مدى ستة أشهر - التركيز على البيانات والعملية، وليس الباحثين). - مثال:
A new policy was approved by the committee last week.(تمت الموافقة على سياسة جديدة من قبل اللجنة الأسبوع الماضي - يبرز السياسة والموافقة عليها، وهو أمر شائع في التقارير الرسمية). - مثال:
Several critical errors were identified in the preliminary report.(تم تحديد عدة أخطاء حرجة في التقرير الأولي - يقدم النتائج بشكل غير شخصي، دون تحديد المسؤول).
- 1للتأكيد على الفعل أو المتلقي (Emphasize the action or the receiver):
- مثال:
The historic building was renovated extensively in the 1990s.(تم تجديد المبنى التاريخي بشكل مكثف في التسعينيات - التجديد نفسه هو الحدث المهم). - مثال:
You were selected for the award based on your outstanding performance.(لقد تم اختيارك للجائزة بناءً على أدائك المتميز - التركيز على التقدير الذي تلقيته). - مثال:
The entire town was evacuated before the hurricane hit.(تم إخلاء البلدة بأكملها قبل وصول الإعصار - يسلط الضوء على الحدث واسع النطاق الذي أثر على البلدة).
- 1لتجنب ذكر الفاعل (لتكون مهذبًا أو لتجنب اللوم):
- مثال:
Mistakes were made during the project's initial phase.(ارتُكبت أخطاء خلال المرحلة الأولى من المشروع - عبارة كلاسيكية سياسية أو مهنية للاعتراف بالخطأ دون توجيه أصابع الاتهام). - مثال:
The important document was misplaced somewhere in the office.(تم وضع المستند المهم في غير مكانه في مكان ما في المكتب - يشير إلى خطأ دون ذكر من ارتكبه مباشرة). - مثال:
Your complaint was reviewed carefully by our customer service team.(تمت مراجعة شكواك بعناية من قبل فريق خدمة العملاء لدينا - يخفف من حدة البيان بالتركيز على العملية، وليس من قام بالمراجعة بالضبط).
- 1عند وصف العمليات، التاريخ، أو الحقائق العامة:
- مثال:
This magnificent cathedral was built over three centuries.(تم بناء هذه الكاتدرائية الرائعة على مدى ثلاثة قرون - التركيز على البناء وطول عمر المبنى). - مثال:
The first commercial airplane was flown in 1914.(تم تشغيل أول طائرة تجارية في عام 1914 - يؤكد على الحدث التاريخي بدلاً من الطيار المحدد). - مثال:
The traditional ceremony was performed at sunset.(تم أداء الطقس التقليدي عند غروب الشمس - يصف طقسًا راسخًا، وليس أفرادًا معينين يؤدونه).
- 1حذف الفعل المساعد
to be(was/were):
to be قبل التصريف الثالث للفعل. بدون هذا الفعل المساعد، تصبح الجملة غير مكتملة نحويًا ومربكة، وغالبًا ما تشبه جملة المبني للمعلوم بشكل خاطئ. الفعل المساعد هو حامل التوتر (tense) والصيغة (voice) الأساسي.- خطأ:
The report submitted yesterday. - صحيح:
The report was submitted yesterday.(بدونwas، يبدوsubmittedكفعل نشط، مما يعني أن «التقرير» قام بالتقديم). - خطأ:
Many houses damaged by the storm. - صحيح:
Many houses were damaged by the storm.
to be أحيانًا أقل أهمية من التصريف الثالث للفعل.- 1عدم توافق الفاعل والفعل المساعد
was/were:
was أو were مع جمع الفاعل *الجديد* (متلقي الفعل). هذا يشير إلى عدم فهم قاعدة توافق الفاعل والفعل داخل بناء المبني للمجهول.- خطأ:
The decisions was made by the board.(الفاعلdecisionsجمع، لذا يجب استخدامwere). - صحيح:
The decisions were made by the board. - خطأ:
Several emails was sent to the wrong address. - صحيح:
Several emails were sent to the wrong address.
- 1استخدام صيغة الماضي البسيط بدلاً من التصريف الثالث للفعل:
broke) بدلاً من التصريف الثالث (مثل broken). حفظ تصريفات الأفعال الشاذة الشائعة أمر ضروري.- خطأ:
The window was broke during the storm.(استخدام الماضي البسيطbrokeبدلاً من التصريف الثالث). - صحيح:
The window was broken during the storm. - خطأ:
The message was wrote on a small piece of paper. - صحيح:
The message was written on a small piece of paper.
- 1استخدام المبني للمجهول عندما يكون المبني للمعلوم أفضل:
- أقل طبيعية:
The book was read by Ahmed in two days. - أكثر طبيعية:
Ahmed read the book in two days.
فاعل (Doer) + فعل ماضي + مفعول به (Receiver). | فاعل (Receiver) + was/were + التصريف الثالث للفعل. |The chef prepared the meal. (الطاهي أعد الوجبة.) | The meal was prepared by the chef. (تم إعداد الوجبة بواسطة الطاهي.) The meal was prepared quickly. (تم إعداد الوجبة بسرعة.) |was أو were. |am/is/are + التصريف الثالث. | was/were + التصريف الثالث. |English is spoken in many countries. (اللغة الإنجليزية تُتحدث في العديد من البلدان.) | The letter was written yesterday. (تمت كتابة الرسالة أمس.) |- حقيقة عامة (Present Passive):
Cars are manufactured in this factory.(تُصنع السيارات في هذا المصنع - هذا يحدث دائمًا). - حدث في الماضي (Past Passive):
The first car was manufactured in this factory in 1950.(تم تصنيع السيارة الأولى في هذا المصنع عام 1950 - حدث اكتمل في الماضي).
by + الفاعل فقط عندما يكون الفاعل مهمًا جدًا لإضافة معلومة أو لتوضيح السياق. في معظم الحالات، يكون التركيز على الحدث أو المتلقي هو الأهم.was ومتى أستخدم were؟he, she, it, the book, my friend)، استخدم was. إذا كان الفاعل جمعًا (مثل they, we, the books, my friends)، استخدم were. تذكر أن you تأخذ دائمًا were سواء كانت مفردة أو جمعًا.worked, played). لكن للأفعال الشاذة (irregular verbs)، غالبًا ما يكون التصريف الثالث مختلفًا تمامًا عن صيغة الماضي البسيط (مثل write -> wrote (ماضي بسيط) -> written (تصريف ثالث)). يجب حفظ تصريفات الأفعال الشاذة.am/is/are + التصريف الثالث. المبني للمجهول في الماضي البسيط مخصص للأحداث التي اكتملت في الماضي.Past Simple Passive Conjugation
| Subject | Auxiliary (to be) | Past Participle (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I / He / She / It
|
was
|
done / seen / built
|
It was done.
|
|
You / We / They
|
were
|
done / seen / built
|
They were seen.
|
|
Negative (Singular)
|
was not (wasn't)
|
taken
|
He wasn't taken.
|
|
Negative (Plural)
|
were not (weren't)
|
taken
|
We weren't taken.
|
|
Question (Singular)
|
Was [subject]
|
invited?
|
Was she invited?
|
|
Question (Plural)
|
Were [subject]
|
invited?
|
Were they invited?
|
Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
|
was not
|
wasn't
|
|
were not
|
weren't
|
Meanings
The Past Simple Passive is used to describe completed actions in the past where the object of the action becomes the subject of the sentence. It is used when the 'doer' is unknown, obvious, or less important than the action itself.
Historical Facts
Describing events in history where the focus is on the discovery, invention, or event.
“The Pyramids were built thousands of years ago.”
“America was reached by Columbus in 1492.”
Crime and Accidents
Reporting incidents where the perpetrator might be unknown or the victim/object is the news.
“My bike was stolen last night.”
“The shop was robbed at 4 AM.”
Process and Results
Focusing on the completion of a task rather than the worker.
“The report was finished on time.”
“The emails were sent this morning.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subj + was/were + V3
|
The cake was eaten.
|
|
Negative
|
Subj + wasn't/weren't + V3
|
The cake wasn't eaten.
|
|
Question
|
Was/Were + Subj + V3?
|
Was the cake eaten?
|
|
With Agent
|
... + by + Person
|
The cake was eaten by Tom.
|
|
Short Answer (+)
|
Yes, [subj] was/were.
|
Yes, it was.
|
|
Short Answer (-)
|
No, [subj] wasn't/weren't.
|
No, they weren't.
|
طيف الرسمية
The mobile device was misappropriated. (Theft)
My phone was stolen. (Theft)
My phone got nicked. (Theft)
My blower was swiped. (Theft)
The Passive Shift
Focus
- The Object The thing that received the action
Components
- Was/Were Past of 'to be'
- V3 Past Participle
Active vs. Passive
Choosing Was or Were
Is the subject singular?
Common Passive Verbs
Creation
- • built
- • painted
- • written
- • invented
Events
- • held
- • organized
- • cancelled
- • delayed
أمثلة حسب المستوى
The window was broken.
The window was broken.
The car was washed.
The car was washed.
The books were sold.
The books were sold.
The food was cold.
The food was cold.
The house was built in 1950.
The house was built in 1950.
The emails were sent at 9 AM.
The emails were sent at 9 AM.
The movie was directed by Spielberg.
The movie was directed by Spielberg.
Were the tickets bought yesterday?
Were the tickets bought yesterday?
The missing child was found in the park.
The missing child was found in the park.
The bridge was closed for repairs.
The bridge was closed for repairs.
My luggage was lost by the airline.
My luggage was lost by the airline.
The winners were chosen by a panel of experts.
The winners were chosen by a panel of experts.
The law was passed despite heavy opposition.
The law was passed despite heavy opposition.
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
The employees were notified of the changes via email.
The employees were notified of the changes via email.
The ancient ruins were discovered by accident.
The ancient ruins were discovered by accident.
The proposal was summarily rejected by the board.
The proposal was summarily rejected by the board.
The city was decimated by the earthquake of 1906.
The city was decimated by the earthquake of 1906.
The funds were misappropriated over a period of five years.
The funds were misappropriated over a period of five years.
The manuscript was painstakingly restored by conservators.
The manuscript was painstakingly restored by conservators.
The initiative was predicated upon the assumption of growth.
The initiative was predicated upon the assumption of growth.
The castle was besieged for months before it finally fell.
The castle was besieged for months before it finally fell.
The silence was broken only by the occasional cry of a gull.
The silence was broken only by the occasional cry of a gull.
The verdict was overturned on the grounds of insufficient evidence.
The verdict was overturned on the grounds of insufficient evidence.
سهل الخلط
Learners use the active when they mean the passive, making it sound like objects performed actions.
Mixing up 'is/are' with 'was/were'.
Confusing 'was done' with 'was being done'.
أخطاء شائعة
The car fixed yesterday.
The car was fixed yesterday.
The books was sold.
The books were sold.
I was borned in 1990.
I was born in 1990.
The window broken.
The window was broken.
The letter was wrote.
The letter was written.
The dinner was cook by my mom.
The dinner was cooked by my mom.
Was the work finish?
Was the work finished?
The thief was arrest.
The thief was arrested.
He was bit by a dog.
He was bitten by a dog.
The house was build in 2000.
The house was built in 2000.
The data was analyzed (when referring to multiple sets).
The data were analyzed.
أنماط الجُمل
The ___ was ___ by ___.
When was the ___ ___?
I wasn't ___ that ___.
Real World Usage
The suspect was arrested late last night.
The city was destroyed by fire in 1666.
Your order was shipped yesterday.
This video was made by my best friend!
The meeting was moved to Room 4.
The evidence was collected at the scene.
The 'By' Rule
Intransitive Verbs
Check the Subject
Avoiding Blame
Smart Tips
Use the passive to sound professional and avoid pointing fingers.
Check if the verb before it is a past participle; if so, it's a passive sentence.
Use 'was taken' to describe the location or photographer.
If you don't know the V3, try adding -ed, but always double-check a dictionary for common verbs like 'see', 'give', and 'take'.
النطق
Was/Were Stress
In passive sentences, 'was' and 'were' are usually unstressed (weak forms). The stress falls on the past participle.
-ed endings
Remember the three sounds of '-ed': /t/, /d/, and /ɪd/. 'Fixed' (/t/), 'Cleaned' (/d/), 'Painted' (/ɪd/).
Falling intonation for statements
The house was ↘built.
Conveys a completed fact.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
W.W.P.P. -> Was/Were + Past Participle. Remember: 'What was performed?'
ربط بصري
Imagine a factory conveyor belt. The product (the subject) is at the front, and the worker (the agent) is hidden behind a curtain. The focus is entirely on the finished product being 'was made'.
Rhyme
If the doer is unknown or just doesn't matter, use was or were to make the object flatter!
Story
A detective walks into a room. He doesn't say 'Someone stole the diamond.' He says, 'The diamond was stolen!' He focuses on the crime (the object) because he doesn't know the thief yet.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Look around your room. Find three things and say when they were made or where they were bought. (e.g., 'This lamp was bought in IKEA.')
ملاحظات ثقافية
The passive is very common in British English to sound polite or indirect. Instead of saying 'You broke this,' a Brit might say 'This was broken,' to avoid blaming you directly.
In scientific papers globally, the passive is the standard to show objectivity. It suggests the results are true regardless of who did the experiment.
News headlines often drop the 'was/were' to save space, but the meaning remains passive.
The passive voice in English evolved from Old English, which used the verbs 'weorthan' (to become) and 'beon' (to be) with a past participle.
بدايات محادثة
Where were you born and raised?
Tell me about a famous historical event in your country.
Have you ever had something stolen?
What's the best gift you were ever given?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
The letter ___ (post) yesterday morning.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
The windows was cleaned last week.
The chef prepared the meal.
We use 'was' for the subjects 'I, he, she, it' in the past passive.
A: Did you see the news? B: Yes, the bank ___ (rob) again!
Select the irregular one:
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesThe letter ___ (post) yesterday morning.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
The windows was cleaned last week.
The chef prepared the meal.
We use 'was' for the subjects 'I, he, she, it' in the past passive.
A: Did you see the news? B: Yes, the bank ___ (rob) again!
Select the irregular one:
Active: 'They invited us.'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesMany mistakes ___ during the first trial.
The secret code was broke by hackers.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Translate: 'Los resultados fueron publicados anoche.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
The ancient city ___ by an earthquake.
Many valuable items was lost in the fire.
Which of these sentences is correct?
Translate: 'Los documentos fueron firmados esta mañana.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Score: /11
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
Use `by` only when the person or thing doing the action is important to the meaning. For example: 'The song was written by John Lennon.' If you say 'The room was cleaned by a cleaner,' it's usually better to just say 'The room was cleaned.'
No. You can only use it with 'transitive' verbs (verbs that take an object). You cannot use it with verbs like `go`, `sleep`, `happen`, or `arrive`.
Not at all! In fact, it's often more polite because it avoids blaming people. Saying 'The mistake was made' is softer than 'You made a mistake.'
We almost always use `was born` because being born is a finished action in the past. We only use 'is born' in very specific literary or religious contexts.
Move `was` or `were` to the start of the sentence. Example: 'Was the car stolen?'
In informal English, yes. 'I got fired' is the same as 'I was fired.' However, 'was' is better for writing and formal exams.
Yes, always. The passive voice cannot exist without the past participle (V3).
Because journalists often don't know who did the action (e.g., 'A man was killed') or they want to focus on the victim/event.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Voz pasiva (ser + participio) or Pasiva refleja (se)
English lacks the 'se' reflexive passive.
La voix passive (être + participe passé)
French participles must agree in gender and number with the subject.
Vorgangspassiv (werden + Partizip II)
The auxiliary verb is 'to become' in German, not 'to be'.
受身 (ukemi)
Japanese changes the verb ending rather than adding an auxiliary verb like 'was'.
المبني للمجهول (al-mabni lil-majhul)
Arabic does not use an auxiliary verb like 'was' to form the passive.
被字句 (bèi zì jù)
Chinese verbs do not change form (no participles).
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
08:55 The Land Your State Doesn't Control
09:02 Grading Canada's Provincial Flags
09:55 Is Civilization on the Brink of Collapse?
PASSIVE VOICE - English Grammar step-by-step
Arnel's Everyday English
Passive Voice | English Grammar Lessons For Beginners | Spoken English For Beginners
WOW English
Related Grammar Rules
صيغة المجهول للموضوعية: 'يقال إن...'
Overview هل تساءلت يوماً لماذا يبدو مراسلو الأخبار جادين جداً؟ نادراً ما يقولون "أعتقد أن هذا حدث". بدلاً من ذلك، يقولون...
الكلام المنقول مع الأفعال الناقصة والتبليغ المبني للمجهول (C1)
### Overview يُعد إتقان استخدام `Reported Speech` (الكلام المنقول) مع الأفعال الناقصة `Modals` وهياكل `Passive Reportin...
أفعال الإبلاغ: من قال ماذا؟
### Overview تُعد أفعال النقل `Reporting Verbs` من أهم الأدوات اللغوية التي تمكنك من نقل المعلومات أو تلخيص الأقوال أو...
متى تستخدم صيغة المجهول (الإبلاغ عن الأخبار والشائعات)
### Overview يُعد استخدام صيغة المبني للمجهول في نقل الأخبار والتقارير والإشاعات (Passive Voice for Reporting News and...
هياكل الإبلاغ المبني للمجهول (يقال إنه...)
### Overview أهلاً بك يا زميلي في هذه المرحلة المتقدمة من رحلتك لإتقان اللغة الإنجليزية. بصفتك متعلماً في مستوى `C1` (ا...
