B1 · मध्यवर्ती चैप्टर 2

Reporting What People Say

5 कुल नियम
51 उदाहरण
6 मिनट

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the ability to relay conversations accurately and naturally with indirect speech mastery.

  • Construct sentences that seamlessly report what others have said.
  • Adjust verb tenses and pronouns to maintain logical flow.
  • Convert direct questions into indirect, fluid statements.
Master the art of relaying conversations with ease.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Ever wanted to share what someone else said but weren't quite sure how to phrase it naturally in French? This chapter is your key to unlocking super fluent conversations! We're diving deep into the art of indirect speech (discours indirect) so you can effortlessly relay information and sound like a true native speaker. You'll start by mastering how to introduce reported speech using a variety of natural introductory verbs like he says that... or she explained that..., making your French feel rich and dynamic. We'll then tackle the straightforward process of adjusting verb tenses, especially when you're reporting something that was said in the past – it’s a simple rule that makes a huge difference! Next, you'll learn to correctly change pronouns so you can clearly communicate who said what, without any awkward mix-ups. And for those tricky questions? We've got you covered! You'll discover how to report simple yes/no questions using the word si, and how to handle where, when, or why questions by keeping the question word but using a simple statement structure. Imagine telling a friend what your teacher announced about homework, or sharing a funny thing someone said at a party. By the end of this chapter, you’ll confidently be able to relay any conversation in French, making your chat skills truly shine!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use introductory verbs to report statements accurately.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Welcome, B1 French learners! Have you ever found yourself wanting to share a juicy piece of gossip, relay an important message, or simply tell someone what your friend said, but struggled to phrase it naturally in French? This chapter is your ultimate guide to mastering reporting what people say, also known as discours indirect (indirect speech).
It’s a fundamental skill in French grammar that will significantly elevate your conversational fluency and make you sound much more like a native speaker.
Understanding discours indirect is crucial for moving beyond basic sentence structures. At the CEFR B1 level, you're expected to be able to express yourself more complexly, and seamlessly integrating reported speech into your conversations is a huge step in that direction. We'll break down the rules for introducing reported speech with a variety of verbs, handling tricky tense changes, and correctly adjusting pronouns.
By the end of this chapter, you’ll confidently be able to transform direct quotes into smooth, indirect reports, making your French interactions richer and more dynamic. Get ready to unlock a whole new level of communication!

How This Grammar Works

Mastering discours indirect in French means learning how to transform direct speech into a reported statement or question. This involves a few key steps: choosing the right introductory verb, adjusting verb tenses, and changing pronouns.
First, you'll need an introductory verb. Common ones include dire que (to say that), expliquer que (to explain that), affirmer que (to affirm that), répondre que (to answer that), or déclarer que (to declare that). For example, if someone says Je suis fatigué (I am tired), you would report it as "Il dit qu'il est fatigué" (He says that he is tired).
Notice the use of que (that) to link the introductory clause to the reported statement.
Next, let's talk about Reporting what people said (Tense Changes). This is often the trickiest part! If the introductory verb is in the present tense, the reported verb tense usually stays the same.
"Elle dit : 'Je viendrai.'" (She says: 'I will come.') becomes "Elle dit qu'elle viendra.
(She says that she will come.). However, if the introductory verb is in a past tense (like il a dit or il disait), the reported verb tense will shift. A present tense becomes the imperfect:
Il a dit : 'Je suis prêt.'" (He said: 'I am ready.') becomes "Il a dit qu'il était prêt." (He said that he was ready.).
A future tense becomes the conditional: "Il a dit : 'Je voyagerai.'" (He said: 'I will travel.') becomes "Il a dit qu'il voyagerait." (He said that he would travel.). The imperfect tense generally remains the imperfect.
Then, there's Indirect Speech: Changing Pronouns. This is logical: Je (I) becomes il/elle (he/she), tu (you) becomes il/elle (he/she), and nous (we) becomes ils/elles (they) depending on the context. For instance, "Elle a dit : 'Je veux un café.'" (She said: 'I want a coffee.') becomes "Elle a dit qu'elle voulait un café." (She said that she wanted a coffee.).
Finally, for questions, we use different structures. For Reporting Yes/No Questions (si), use si (if/whether). "Il a demandé : 'Est-ce que tu viens ?'" (He asked: 'Are you coming?') becomes
Il a demandé si tu venais.
(He asked if you were coming.).
For French Reported Speech: Asking 'Where/When/Why', you keep the question word (, quand, pourquoi, comment) but turn the question into a statement. "Elle a demandé : 'Où vas-tu ?'" (She asked: 'Where are you going?') becomes
Elle a demandé où tu allais.
(She asked where you were going.). Notice that the inversion (vas-tu) is removed, and the subject-verb order of a statement is used (tu allais).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: "Il a dit qu'il est venu."
Correct: "Il a dit qu'il était venu."
*Explanation:* When the introductory verb is in the past tense (il a dit), the reported past tense (est venu - passé composé) must shift to the pluperfect (était venu) to reflect the sequence of events correctly. This is a common error in B1 French when reporting what people said.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Elle a demandé que tu viens ?
Correct:
Elle a demandé si tu venais.
*Explanation:* For Reporting Yes/No Questions (si), you must use si (if/whether) instead of que (that), and the reported clause should be a statement, not a question. Also, remember the tense shift if the introductory verb is in the past.
  1. 1Wrong: "Ils ont demandé: 'Qu'est-ce que tu fais?' (Reported as: Ils ont demandé qu'est-ce que je faisais.")
Correct:
Ils ont demandé ce que je faisais.
*Explanation:* When the direct question uses qu'est-ce que (what), it changes to ce que in French reported speech. Similarly, qu'est-ce qui (what - subject) becomes ce qui. The tense shift also applies here.

Real Conversations

A

A

Mon professeur a dit :
Le devoir est pour lundi prochain.
(My teacher said:
The homework is for next Monday.
)
B

B

Ah d'accord, donc il a dit que le devoir était pour lundi prochain. (Oh okay, so he said that the homework was for next Monday.)
A

A

Elle m'a demandé :
Est-ce que tu as déjà visité Paris ?
(She asked me:
Have you already visited Paris?
)
B

B

Oui, et je lui ai répondu que oui, j'y étais allé l'année dernière. (Yes, and I told her that yes, I had gone there last year.)
A

A

Il voulait savoir :
Quand est-ce que le film commence ?
(He wanted to know:
When does the movie start?
)
B

B

Je lui ai dit que le film commençait à huit heures. (I told him that the movie started at eight o'clock.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What are the main introductory verbs for discours indirect in B1 French?

Common verbs include dire que (to say that), expliquer que (to explain that), demander si (to ask if), répondre que (to answer that), and affirmer que (to affirm that).

Q

How do verb tenses change when reporting what people said if the introductory verb is in the past?

Generally, a present tense shifts to the imperfect, a future tense to the conditional, and a passé composé or imperfect remains imperfect (or passé composé can become pluperfect for clarity of sequence).

Q

Can I use que to report a where or when question in French reported speech?

No, for 'wh-' questions, you keep the original question word (, quand, comment, etc.) and follow it with a statement structure (subject + verb), not que.

Q

What happens to tu and je pronouns in indirect speech: changing pronouns?

Je typically becomes il or elle, and tu also becomes il or elle, depending on who the speaker is reporting about.

Cultural Context

In French, using discours indirect is incredibly common and essential for natural conversation. Native speakers frequently relay information, anecdotes, and opinions using these structures. Mastering it shows a higher level of fluency and allows for more nuanced communication, moving beyond simply repeating direct quotes.
It's not just a grammar rule; it's a fundamental part of how French people share stories and interact daily, making your B1 French sound much more authentic.

मुख्य उदाहरण (4)

1

Il me demande si je suis libre ce soir.

वो मुझसे पूछ रहा है कि क्या मैं आज शाम फ्री हूँ।

हाँ/ना वाले सवालों को रिपोर्ट करना (si)
2

Elle veut savoir si tu as vu son post Instagram.

वो जानना चाहती है कि क्या तुमने उसका इंस्टाग्राम पोस्ट देखा है।

हाँ/ना वाले सवालों को रिपोर्ट करना (si)
4

Elle veut savoir quand le {le|m} film commence.

She wants to know when the movie starts.

फ्रेंच रिपोर्टेड स्पीच: 'कहाँ/कब/क्यों' पूछना

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

💡

गायब होने वाला 'Que'

इंग्लिश में हम 'that' बोलना भूल जाते हैं, पर फ्रेंच में que के बिना काम नहीं चलेगा। इसे हमेशा याद रखो:
Il dit que tout va bien.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: भाषण की रिपोर्टिंग: 'वह कहता है कि...' (Discours indirect)
⚠️

'Que' का जाल

फ्रेंच में 'que' को कभी मत छोड़ना। हम हिंदी या इंग्लिश में 'कि' या 'that' भूल जाते हैं, पर फ्रेंच में यह गलती भारी पड़ती है: "Il a dit qu'il venait."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: लोगों ने क्या कहा (काल परिवर्तन)
⚠️

'Que' का नियम

फ्रेंच में 'que' को कभी मत छोड़ना। इंग्लिश में 'that' ऑप्शनल होता है, पर फ्रेंच ग्रामर में ये जोड़ना अनिवार्य है: "Il dit qu'il a faim."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: अप्रत्यक्ष कथन: सर्वनाम बदलना (Discours indirect)
⚠️

Elle वाला जाल

कभी भी 's'elle' मत लिखना। सुनने में यह 's'il' जैसा लगता है, पर फ्रेंच में यह गलत है:
Il demande si elle arrive.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: हाँ/ना वाले सवालों को रिपोर्ट करना (si)

मुख्य शब्दावली (5)

dire que to say that expliquer que to explain that si if/whether demander to ask le discours indirect indirect speech

Real-World Preview

briefcase

The Office Update

Review Summary

  • Subject + Verb (dire/expliquer) + que + [Clause]
  • Present -> Imparfait
  • Je -> Il/Elle, Tu -> Je
  • Demander + si + [Statement structure]
  • Demander + [Question word] + [Statement structure]

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Remember elision (qu'il) and the tense shift (est -> était) after a past introductory verb.

Wrong: Il a dit que il est fatigué.
सही: Il a dit qu'il était fatigué.

Do not use 'est-ce que' after 'si'. Simply follow 'si' with a standard statement structure.

Wrong: Il a demandé si est-ce que je viens.
सही: Il a demandé si je venais.

Ensure the pronoun matches the original speaker (elle) and the verb agrees in gender.

Wrong: Elle a dit que je suis parti.
सही: Elle a dit qu'elle était partie.

इस अध्याय के नियम (5)

Next Steps

You've done an incredible job today. Keep practicing these shifts, and you'll be relaying stories like a native in no time!

Listen to a French podcast and try to summarize what the guest said using indirect speech.

त्वरित अभ्यास (6)

खाली जगह में 'si' का सही रूप भरें।

Il veut savoir ___ il peut venir avec nous.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: s'
चूँकि 'il' एक vowel से शुरू होता है, 'si' को 's'' में बदलना ज़रूरी है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: हाँ/ना वाले सवालों को रिपोर्ट करना (si)

Complete the sentence.

Il demande où ___ ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tu vas
Subject-verb order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: फ्रेंच रिपोर्टेड स्पीच: 'कहाँ/कब/क्यों' पूछना

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il demande où tu es.
Standard order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: फ्रेंच रिपोर्टेड स्पीच: 'कहाँ/कब/क्यों' पूछना

Find the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Elle demande pourquoi est-il parti.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: est-il
Should be 'il est'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: फ्रेंच रिपोर्टेड स्पीच: 'कहाँ/कब/क्यों' पूछना

शब्दों के क्रम की गलती पहचानें और उसे ठीक करें।

Je demande si peut-il m'aider.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je demande s'il peut m'aider.
Indirect speech में, 'si' के बाद 'peut-il' वापस 'il peut' बन जाता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: हाँ/ना वाले सवालों को रिपोर्ट करना (si)

इनमें से कौन सा वाक्य सही तरह से रिपोर्ट किया गया है?

Direct: 'Est-ce qu'elle est là ?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il demande si elle est là.
'si' कभी 'elle' के साथ छोटा नहीं होता, और शब्दों का क्रम साधारण (subject + verb) होना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: हाँ/ना वाले सवालों को रिपोर्ट करना (si)

Score: /6

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

हाँ, कर सकते हो! पर affirmer या expliquer जैसे वर्ब्स तुम्हारी फ्रेंच को ज़्यादा स्टाइलिश बनाते हैं। जैसे: "Elle affirme que c'est vrai."
तुम्हारा वाक्य अधूरा और टूटा हुआ लगेगा। जैसे इंग्लिश में चलता है, फ्रेंच में वैसा नहीं होता। वाक्य होगा: "Il dit qu'il vient"।
जब तुम किसी की कही बात को अपने शब्दों में बताते हो, तो उसे Reported Speech कहते हैं। जैसे Je suis là की जगह तुम कहोगे "Il a dit qu'il était là"।
सिर्फ तब जब बात शुरू करने वाला शब्द (जैसे dire) Past टेंस में हो। अगर वह Present में है, तो कुछ मत बदलो, जैसे: "Il dit qu'il vient"।
क्योंकि बोलने वाले का 'मैं' आपका 'मैं' नहीं है। अगर नहीं बदलोगे, तो लगेगा कि आप अपने बारे में बात कर रहे हो: "Il dit qu'il est là"।
हाँ, लेकिन फ्रेंच में ये अनिवार्य है। आप
Il dit il est là
नहीं कह सकते, "Il dit qu'il est là" कहना ज़रूरी है।