جَدَل 30秒で
- A sustained, often public, disagreement or heated discussion.
- Topic that sparks strong, opposing opinions.
- Implies contention and debate rather than simple disagreement.
- Common in news, politics, and social issue discussions.
The Arabic word جَدَل (jadal) refers to a prolonged, often heated, public disagreement or discussion. It signifies a topic that sparks strong, opposing opinions among people, leading to debates and arguments. Think of it as the essence of a contentious issue that people feel passionately about, sometimes to the point of intense debate.
This word is particularly useful when describing discussions that aren't just simple differences of opinion but have escalated into more significant disputes. It can apply to political debates, social controversies, academic arguments, or even intense disagreements within families or communities. The core idea is a back-and-forth exchange where viewpoints clash, and the topic itself becomes a focal point of contention.
When you encounter جَدَل, it suggests that the conversation or situation involves more than just differing perspectives; it implies a level of intensity and conflict. It's about the friction that arises when people deeply disagree on a subject, and their arguments are sustained over time or across a wider audience. The word encapsulates the dynamic of a protracted debate where sides are firmly drawn.
For instance, a political election campaign can be a source of significant جَدَل as candidates and their supporters present opposing views on policies and leadership. Similarly, a controversial new law or a scientific discovery that challenges established beliefs can lead to widespread جَدَل. The word implies a situation where the issue is not easily resolved and continues to be discussed and debated.
Understanding جَدَل allows you to describe situations with more nuance. Instead of just saying 'they argued,' you can use جَدَل to convey the prolonged and often public nature of the disagreement. It suggests a discourse where opinions are strongly held and vigorously defended, making the topic a subject of ongoing contention and discussion among various parties involved.
Using جَدَل (jadal) effectively in sentences requires understanding its nuance as a prolonged, often public, disagreement. It's typically used as a noun to describe the state of debate or controversy surrounding an issue.
A common structure is to say that a certain topic or issue is causing جَدَل. For example, 'The new policy caused considerable جَدَل among the citizens.' (The new policy caused considerable jadal among the citizens.) This highlights the ongoing disagreement that the policy has generated.
You can also describe the nature of the جَدَل. Is it intense? Is it widespread? For instance, 'There was much جَدَل in the media about the election results.' (There was much jadal in the media about the election results.) Here, 'much' (كثير - katheer) modifies the extent of the disagreement.
Another way to use it is to refer to the 'matter' or 'subject' of the جَدَل. For example, 'The main point of جَدَل was the allocation of funds.' (The main point of jadal was the allocation of funds.) This pinpoints the specific issue that is causing the dispute.
The word can also be used in phrases like 'to engage in جَدَل' (الدخول في جدل - ad-dukhool fi jadal) or 'to be involved in جَدَل' (الانخراط في جدل - al-inkhirat fi jadal), though these are less common than simply stating that something *is* جَدَل.
Consider these sentence structures:
- [Topic] + تسبب في + [Quantifier] + جَدَل. (e.g., The announcement caused significant jadal.)
- هناك + جَدَل + حول + [Issue]. (e.g., There is jadal about the new regulations.)
- كان + [Subject] + محور + جَدَل. (e.g., The book was the center of jadal.)
Remember that جَدَل implies a level of seriousness and sustained disagreement, so it's not used for trivial arguments or brief disagreements. It’s for topics that are genuinely contentious and widely discussed.
You'll frequently encounter the word جَدَل (jadal) in contexts where public discourse and differing opinions are prominent. News media, political commentary, and discussions about social issues are prime locations for this word.
In news reports, جَدَل is used to describe controversies surrounding government policies, economic decisions, or significant events. For example, a headline might read: 'The new environmental law has sparked widespread جَدَل.' This immediately tells the reader that the law is a contentious topic with significant debate.
Political analysts and commentators often use جَدَل when discussing parliamentary debates, election campaigns, or public reactions to political figures and their statements. A commentator might say, 'The minister's remarks ignited a fierce جَدَل across the political spectrum.' This conveys that the comments were polarizing and led to strong reactions from different political factions.
Beyond politics, جَدَل appears in discussions about social and cultural issues. Debates about education systems, religious interpretations, ethical dilemmas, or changes in societal norms often involve considerable جَدَل. For instance, 'The introduction of new technology in schools has been a source of جَدَل among educators and parents.'
In academic circles, جَدَل can refer to scholarly disagreements or debates within a field of study. A researcher might present a paper that challenges existing theories, leading to academic جَدَل as others respond and critique the findings.
Even in casual conversations among educated speakers, when a topic becomes a point of significant contention or lively debate, someone might remark, 'This issue is causing a lot of جَدَل.' It's a concise way to describe a situation where opinions are divided and vigorously expressed.
Learners might make a few common mistakes when using or understanding the word جَدَل (jadal). These often stem from confusing it with simpler terms for disagreement or argument.
One common error is using جَدَل for a brief, informal argument between two people. While it involves disagreement, جَدَل typically implies a more sustained, often public, or significant contention. For a simple argument, words like 'خلاف' (khilaf - disagreement) or 'شجار' (shijar - quarrel) might be more appropriate depending on the intensity.
Another mistake is equating جَدَل with a mere difference of opinion. While differences of opinion are the basis for جَدَل, the word itself signifies the active, often heated, and prolonged debate that arises from those differences. It’s the process of contention, not just the initial differing viewpoint.
Some learners might also misuse it in contexts where a formal debate or discussion is happening, but without any significant conflict or opposition. جَدَل inherently carries the connotation of opposing viewpoints clashing. A purely collaborative discussion or a formal presentation of facts, even if complex, wouldn't typically be described as جَدَل unless there were significant points of contention being debated.
Incorrectly using it as a verb is also a potential pitfall. جَدَل is primarily a noun. While there is a related verb form (جادَلَ - jadala, meaning to argue or debate), using the noun form incorrectly as a verb can lead to grammatical errors.
Finally, failing to grasp the 'prolonged' and 'public' aspects can lead to underestimating the word's weight. A quick spat is not جَدَل; a deeply divisive issue that is being argued about by many people over time is. Therefore, context is crucial.
While جَدَل (jadal) specifically denotes a prolonged, often public, disagreement or heated discussion, several other Arabic words can describe related concepts, each with its own nuance.
نقاش (niqash): This is a more general term for 'discussion' or 'debate.' It can be formal or informal, heated or calm. While جَدَل is a type of niqash that is contentious, niqash itself doesn't necessarily imply strong opposition.
خلاف (khilaf): This word means 'disagreement' or 'dispute.' It's broader than جَدَل and can refer to a simple difference of opinion or a more serious dispute. Jadal is a specific kind of khilaf characterized by its sustained and often public nature.
صراع (siraa'): This translates to 'conflict' or 'struggle.' It often implies a more intense and potentially physical or long-term struggle between opposing forces. While جَدَل can be a part of a larger siraa', it focuses specifically on the verbal or intellectual contest.
مجادلة (mujadalah): This is the verbal noun from the verb 'جادَلَ' (jadala), meaning 'to argue' or 'to debate.' It refers to the act of arguing or a specific instance of argumentation. Mujadalah is the process or a single instance of the argument, whereas جَدَل describes the ongoing state of contention or the topic that causes it.
حوار (hiwar): This means 'dialogue' or 'conversation.' It generally implies a more constructive exchange aimed at understanding or reaching a common ground. Jadal is the opposite of a harmonious hiwar; it's where dialogue breaks down into contention.
جدال (jidāl): Note that there is a very similar word, جدال (jidāl), which also means 'argument' or 'debate.' The pronunciation difference (short 'a' vs. long 'a' in the first syllable) is subtle but important. Both refer to argumentation, but جَدَل (jadal) often carries a stronger connotation of prolonged public dispute.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The root ج-د-ل (j-d-l) is also related to the word 'جديلة' (jadīlah), meaning 'braid' or 'plait', which visually represents the entwining of strands, much like how opposing arguments can become entwined in a heated discussion.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'j' as in 'jump' (too soft).
- Making the 'a' sounds too long.
- Adding an unnecessary vowel sound after the final 'l'.
難易度
The word <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> itself is relatively straightforward in meaning, but understanding its nuances and appropriate usage in complex contexts can be challenging. Recognizing its common collocations and the subtle differences from similar words is key for advanced comprehension.
Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> correctly in writing requires careful consideration of the context. Learners need to ensure they are not using it for minor disagreements and are employing it in situations that justify its meaning of sustained public contention.
Speaking with <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> is achievable once the meaning is clear. The main challenge is selecting the right moment and context to use it, ensuring it reflects the appropriate level of disagreement and public engagement.
Recognizing <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> in spoken Arabic is generally manageable, especially when it's used in media or formal discussions. Its distinct pronunciation and common collocations help in identification.
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Using the indefinite noun with 'كثير من' or 'الكثير من' to indicate quantity of debate.
كان هناك الكثير من الجدل حول الفيلم. (There was a lot of debate about the movie.)
Using the definite noun 'الجدل' with adjectives to describe its nature.
شهدنا جدلاً كبيراً وحاداً. (We witnessed a big and sharp debate.)
Prepositional phrases indicating the subject of debate.
هناك جدل حول السياسة الجديدة. (There is debate about the new policy.)
Using the verb 'أثار' (to provoke/spark) with 'جدل'.
تصريحاته أثارت جدلاً واسعاً. (His statements sparked widespread debate.)
Using 'محط' (subject/point of) with 'جدل'.
كان قراره محط جدل لعدة أيام. (His decision was a subject of debate for several days.)
レベル別の例文
كان هناك الكثير من الجدل حول الفيلم الجديد.
There was a lot of controversy/debate about the new movie.
The phrase 'الكثير من' (al-katheer min) means 'a lot of'.
أثار القرار جدلاً واسعاً بين المواطنين.
The decision sparked widespread controversy/debate among the citizens.
'واسعاً' (wāsi'an) is an adjective meaning 'widespread'.
لا نريد أن ندخل في جدل عقيم.
We don't want to get into a futile argument/debate.
'عقيم' (aqeem) means 'futile' or 'barren'.
السياسة غالباً ما تكون محط جدل.
Politics is often a subject of controversy/debate.
'محط' (maḥaṭṭ) means 'a point of' or 'a subject of'.
تجنب الجدل غير الضروري في الاجتماع.
Avoid unnecessary argument/debate in the meeting.
'غير الضروري' (ghayr al-ḍarūrī) means 'unnecessary'.
كان هناك جدل كبير حول تفسير النص القديم.
There was significant controversy/debate about the interpretation of the old text.
'كبير' (kabeer) means 'big' or 'significant'.
هذه القضية تسبب جدلاً مستمراً.
This issue causes continuous controversy/debate.
'مستمراً' (mustamirrān) means 'continuous' or 'ongoing'.
انتهى الجدل بتوصلهم إلى اتفاق.
The controversy/debate ended when they reached an agreement.
'توصلهم إلى اتفاق' (tawaṣṣuluhum ilā ittifāq) means 'their reaching an agreement'.
أدى التقرير الجديد إلى جدل واسع النطاق في الأوساط العلمية.
The new report led to widespread controversy/debate in scientific circles.
'واسع النطاق' (wāsi' al-niṭāq) means 'widespread' or 'large-scale'. 'الأوساط العلمية' (al-awsāṭ al-'ilmiyyah) means 'scientific circles'.
كان هناك جدل فلسفي عميق حول طبيعة الوعي.
There was a deep philosophical debate/controversy about the nature of consciousness.
'فلسفي عميق' (falsafī 'amīq) means 'deep philosophical'. 'طبيعة الوعي' (ṭabī'at al-wa'ī) means 'the nature of consciousness'.
تجنب الدخول في جدل لا طائل منه مع الأشخاص المتعصبين.
Avoid engaging in futile debate/argument with fanatical people.
'لا طائل منه' (lā ṭā'ila minhu) means 'futile' or 'pointless'. 'متعصبين' (muta'aṣṣibīn) means 'fanatical' or 'bigoted'.
أصبحت وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي ساحة رئيسية للجدل العام.
Social media has become a major arena for public debate/controversy.
'ساحة رئيسية' (sāḥah ra'īsiyyah) means 'a major arena'. 'الجدل العام' (al-jadal al-'āmm) means 'public debate/controversy'.
حاولت الحكومة تهدئة الجدل الدائر حول الإصلاحات الاقتصادية.
The government tried to calm the ongoing debate/controversy surrounding the economic reforms.
'تهدئة' (tahdi'ah) means 'calming'. 'الدائر' (al-dā'ir) means 'ongoing' or 'revolving'.
يُعد هذا الموضوع مصدراً للجدل المستمر بين الأكاديميين.
This topic is a source of continuous debate/controversy among academics.
'مصدراً لـ' (maṣdaran li-) means 'a source of'. 'بين الأكاديميين' (bayna al-akādīmiyyīn) means 'among academics'.
كان هناك جدل أخلاقي كبير حول استخدام التقنيات الجديدة.
There was significant ethical debate/controversy about the use of new technologies.
'أخلاقي' ('akhlāqī) means 'ethical'. 'استخدام' (istikhdām) means 'use'.
لم تسفر المناقشات عن حل للجدل القائم.
The discussions did not result in a resolution to the existing debate/controversy.
'لم تسفر عن' (lam tusfir 'an) means 'did not result in'. 'القائم' (al-qā'im) means 'existing'.
اندلع جدل حاد في وسائل الإعلام حول التداعيات المحتملة للقرار.
A sharp controversy/debate erupted in the media regarding the potential repercussions of the decision.
'اندلع' (indala'a) means 'erupted'. 'حاد' (ḥādd) means 'sharp' or 'intense'. 'التداعيات المحتملة' (al-tadā'iyāt al-muḥtamalah) means 'potential repercussions'.
تكمن صعوبة القضية في الجدل المستمر حول تفسيراتها المتعددة.
The difficulty of the issue lies in the continuous debate/controversy surrounding its multiple interpretations.
'تكمن صعوبة' (takmunu ṣu'ūbat) means 'the difficulty lies in'. 'تفسيراتها المتعددة' (tafsīrātihā al-muta'addidah) means 'its multiple interpretations'.
كانت خطابات المعارضة مليئة بالجدل حول سياسات الحكومة.
The opposition's speeches were full of debate/controversy regarding the government's policies.
'مليئة بـ' (malī'ah bi-) means 'full of'. 'خطابات المعارضة' (khiṭābāt al-mu'āraḍah) means 'opposition speeches'.
يُعتبر هذا العمل الفني مثيراً للجدل بسبب رمزيته الغامضة.
This artwork is considered controversial/debated due to its ambiguous symbolism.
'مُثيراً للجدل' (muthīran lil-jadal) means 'controversial' or 'provoking debate'. 'رمزيته الغامضة' (ramziyyatih al-ghāmiḍah) means 'its ambiguous symbolism'.
تسعى المؤسسات التعليمية إلى خلق بيئة خالية من الجدل غير المنتج.
Educational institutions strive to create an environment free from unproductive debate/controversy.
'تسعى إلى' (tas'ā ilā) means 'strive to'. 'بيئة خالية من' (bī'ah khāliyah min) means 'an environment free from'. 'غير المنتج' (ghayr al-muntij) means 'unproductive'.
لم يتمكن الخبراء من حسم الجدل التاريخي حول أصل الحضارة.
Experts could not settle the historical debate/controversy about the origin of civilization.
'حسم' (ḥasma) means 'to settle' or 'to decide'. 'الجدل التاريخي' (al-jadal al-tārīkhī) means 'historical debate/controversy'.
تتطلب معالجة مثل هذه القضايا المعقدة تجاوز الجدل السطحي.
Addressing such complex issues requires moving beyond superficial debate/controversy.
'معالجة' (mu'ālajah) means 'addressing' or 'handling'. 'تجاوز' (tajāwuz) means 'moving beyond'. 'السطحي' (al-saṭḥī) means 'superficial'.
لقد أدت التفسيرات المتباينة إلى إثارة جدل كبير حول نوايا المؤلف.
The differing interpretations have led to significant debate/controversy about the author's intentions.
'التفسيرات المتباينة' (al-tafsīrāt al-mutabāyinah) means 'differing interpretations'. 'نوايا المؤلف' (nawāyā al-mu'allif) means 'the author's intentions'.
إن طبيعة الجدل الدائر حول مفهوم العدالة الاجتماعية تتطلب تحليلاً معمقاً.
The nature of the ongoing debate/controversy surrounding the concept of social justice requires in-depth analysis.
'طبيعة' (ṭabī'ah) means 'nature'. 'مفهوم العدالة الاجتماعية' (mafhum al-'adālah al-ijtimā'iyyah) means 'the concept of social justice'. 'تحليلاً معمقاً' (taḥlīlan mu'ammaqan) means 'in-depth analysis'.
تسعى بعض التيارات الفكرية إلى إعادة تعريف الجدل التقليدي حول العلاقة بين العقل والجسد.
Some intellectual currents seek to redefine the traditional debate/controversy about the relationship between mind and body.
'تيارات فكرية' (tayyārāt fikriyyah) means 'intellectual currents'. 'إعادة تعريف' (i'ādat ta'rīf) means 'to redefine'. 'العلاقة بين العقل والجسد' (al-'alāqah bayna al-'aql wa al-jasad) means 'the relationship between mind and body'.
يُشكل الجدل حول حجية الوثائق التاريخية تحدياً كبيراً للمؤرخين.
The debate/controversy over the authenticity of historical documents poses a significant challenge for historians.
'حجية' (ḥujjiya) means 'authenticity' or 'validity'. 'الوثائق التاريخية' (al-wathā'iq al-tārīkhīyah) means 'historical documents'. 'تحدياً كبيراً' (taḥaddiyan kabīran) means 'a significant challenge'.
تتجاوز الأصوات المعارضة مجرد الجدل الأيديولوجي لتطرح رؤى بديلة.
The dissenting voices go beyond mere ideological debate/controversy to propose alternative visions.
'الأصوات المعارضة' (al-aṣwāt al-mu'āriḍah) means 'dissenting voices'. 'تتجاوز' (tatajāwazu) means 'to go beyond'. 'رؤى بديلة' (ru'an badīlah) means 'alternative visions'.
إن فك شفرة المعاني الضمنية في هذا النص يثير جدلاً لا ينتهي بين النقاد.
Deciphering the implicit meanings in this text sparks an endless debate/controversy among critics.
'فك شفرة' (fakk shifrat) means 'to decipher'. 'المعاني الضمنية' (al-ma'ānī al-ḍimniyyah) means 'implicit meanings'. 'لا ينتهي' (lā yantahī) means 'endless'.
يُعد الجدل حول مسؤولية الفرد والمجتمع في تشكيل الواقع موضوعاً فلسفياً قديماً.
The debate/controversy about the responsibility of the individual and society in shaping reality is an ancient philosophical topic.
'مسؤولية الفرد والمجتمع' (mas'ūliyyat al-fard wa al-mujtama') means 'the responsibility of the individual and society'. 'تشكيل الواقع' (tashkīl al-wāqi') means 'shaping reality'.
لقد أدت التطورات الأخيرة إلى تجدد الجدل حول أخلاقيات الذكاء الاصطناعي.
Recent developments have led to a renewed debate/controversy about the ethics of artificial intelligence.
'التطورات الأخيرة' (al-taṭawwurāt al-akhīrah) means 'recent developments'. 'تجدد' (tajaddud) means 'renewal'. 'أخلاقيات الذكاء الاصطناعي' (akhlāqiyyāt al-dhakā' al-iṣṭinā'ī) means 'ethics of artificial intelligence'.
إن غياب الإجماع حول هذه المسألة يغذي الجدل المستمر بين الأطراف المعنية.
The absence of consensus on this matter fuels the continuous debate/controversy among the parties concerned.
'غياب الإجماع' (ghiyāb al-ijmā') means 'absence of consensus'. 'يغذي' (yughadhdhī) means 'fuels'. 'الأطراف المعنية' (al-aṭrāf al-mu'anniyah) means 'the parties concerned'.
類義語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To provoke controversy or debate. This phrase is used when something causes a significant disagreement.
تصريحاته أثارت جدلاً واسعاً.
— A subject or point of contention/debate. It signifies something that is currently being argued about.
كانت هذه القضية محط جدل لسنوات.
— To enter into an argument or debate. This implies becoming part of a discussion where opinions clash.
تجنب الدخول في جدل لا طائل منه.
— Ongoing controversy or debate. This emphasizes that the disagreement is not resolved and continues over time.
لا يزال هناك جدل مستمر حول هذه المسألة.
— Futile or pointless debate. This describes an argument that is unlikely to lead to any resolution or progress.
غالباً ما ينتهي النقاش بجدل عقيم.
— To avoid controversy or debate. This is advice to steer clear of contentious topics or discussions.
من الأفضل تجنب الجدل في هذا السياق.
— Widespread controversy or debate. This indicates that the disagreement is prevalent among many people or groups.
أدى الإعلان إلى جدل واسع.
— Heated or sharp debate. This emphasizes the intensity and strong emotions involved in the disagreement.
شهد البرلمان جدلاً حاداً.
— Scientific debate or controversy. This refers to disagreements and discussions within the scientific community.
هناك جدل علمي حول نظرية التطور.
— Ethical debate or controversy. This concerns disagreements about moral principles and values.
تثير التكنولوجيا الجديدة جدلاً أخلاقياً.
よく混同される語
نقاش is a general term for discussion or debate. جَدَل specifically implies a heated, prolonged, and often public disagreement with strong opposing viewpoints.
خلاف means disagreement or dispute. It can be a simple difference of opinion. جَدَل is a more intense and sustained form of disagreement, often public.
This word is very similar and often interchangeable with جَدَل (jadal). The primary difference is often subtle, with jadal sometimes carrying a stronger connotation of prolonged public controversy, while jidāl might refer more to the act of arguing or a specific debate.
慣用句と表現
— Byzantine argument. This idiom refers to a pointless, overly complex, and often pedantic argument about trivial matters, similar to the historical arguments about Byzantine theology.
توقفوا عن هذا الجدل البيزنطي وركزوا على المشكلة الحقيقية.
Informal— Endless debate. This idiom describes a controversy or argument that seems to have no resolution and continues indefinitely.
لقد أصبح هذا الموضوع جدلاً لا ينتهي بين الفلاسفة.
General— Futile or barren debate. This idiom describes an argument that is unproductive and unlikely to lead to any positive outcome or agreement.
النقاش حول هذا الأمر غالباً ما يكون جدلاً عقيماً.
General— Fierce or raging debate. This idiom emphasizes the intensity and passion involved in the disagreement, suggesting a very heated exchange.
شهدت قاعة المحكمة جدلاً محتدماً بين المحامين.
General— Argument about nothing. This idiom is used when people are arguing over something insignificant or baseless.
يبدو أنهم يثيرون جدلاً حول لا شيء.
Informal— Inflamed or ignited debate. This idiom describes a controversy that has been sparked or intensified, often by a specific event or statement.
لقد أدى تصريح الوزير إلى جدل مؤجج.
General— Debating about a shadow. This idiom refers to arguing about something insubstantial or imaginary, akin to chasing shadows.
لا تضيع وقتك في جدل حول الظل.
Informal— Fierce debate. Similar to 'muḥtadam', this emphasizes the aggressive and intense nature of the argument.
كان هناك جدل شرس بين الخصمين.
General— Debate without benefit. This is synonymous with 'jadal 'aqeem' (futile debate), highlighting the lack of any positive outcome.
الدخول في جدل لا طائل منه مضيعة للوقت.
General— Continuous debate. This emphasizes the ongoing nature of the disagreement, similar to 'jadal mustamirr'.
شهدت المدينة جدلاً متواصلاً حول المشروع الجديد.
General間違えやすい
Both words relate to talking about a topic, and both can involve differing opinions.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>نقاش</mark> is a general term for discussion or debate. It can be calm and constructive. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> specifically refers to a prolonged, often heated, public disagreement where strong, opposing viewpoints clash.
كان هناك نقاش هادئ حول خطة العمل. (There was a calm discussion about the work plan.) vs. أثار القرار جدلاً واسعاً. (The decision sparked widespread debate.)
Both words indicate a lack of agreement.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>خلاف</mark> is a broader term for disagreement or dispute, which can range from a minor difference of opinion to a serious dispute. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> implies a more sustained, often public, and intense contention characterized by active debate and opposing arguments.
حدث خلاف بسيط بين الأصدقاء حول الفيلم. (A minor disagreement occurred between friends about the movie.) vs. هناك جدل كبير حول السياسات الاقتصادية. (There is significant debate about economic policies.)
They are very similar in meaning and pronunciation, both referring to argument or debate.
While often used interchangeably, <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> (jadal) can sometimes emphasize the prolonged, public, and contentious nature of the dispute, akin to 'controversy'. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جدال</mark> (jidāl) might be more focused on the act of arguing or a specific debate instance.
كان هناك جدال حاد في البرلمان. (There was a sharp debate in parliament.) - (Here, both could work, but <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> might imply a more ongoing political contention.)
Both imply opposition and conflict.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>صراع</mark> means conflict or struggle and can be physical, political, or social, often implying a deeper, more pervasive antagonism. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> specifically refers to the verbal or intellectual contest, the debate and argument that arises from opposing viewpoints, often within a larger <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>صراع</mark>.
شهدت المنطقة صراعاً مسلحاً. (The region witnessed an armed conflict.) vs. أثار التقرير جدلاً كبيراً بين العلماء. (The report caused great debate among scientists.)
Both involve people talking about a topic.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>حوار</mark> means dialogue or conversation, usually implying a constructive exchange aimed at understanding or consensus. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> is the opposite, signifying a clash of opinions and sustained disagreement.
بدأنا حواراً بناءً حول المشكلة. (We started a constructive dialogue about the problem.) vs. هذا الموضوع يسبب جدلاً مستمراً. (This topic causes continuous debate.)
文型パターン
هناك + جدل + حول + [Topic]
هناك جدل حول قانون المرور الجديد.
[Subject] + يثير + جدلاً
هذا الفيلم يثير جدلاً.
كان هناك + [Quantifier] + جدل + حول + [Topic]
كان هناك جدل كبير حول التغير المناخي.
[Subject] + أصبح + محط + جدل
أصبح قراره محط جدل.
أدى + [Event/Action] + إلى + جدل + [Adjective]
أدى التقرير إلى جدل واسع النطاق.
تجنب + الدخول في + جدل + [Adjective]
تجنب الدخول في جدل عقيم.
إن + طبيعة + الجدل + [Adjective/Description]
إن طبيعة الجدل الدائر حول هذه المسألة معقدة.
يُعد + [Topic] + مصدراً لـ + جدل + [Adjective/Description]
يُعد هذا الموضوع مصدراً لجدل مستمر بين الخبراء.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Common, especially in contexts involving public discourse, media, and politics.
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Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> for a simple, brief argument.
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Use for prolonged, often public disagreements.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> implies a sustained contention, not a quick spat. For brief arguments, consider simpler terms.
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Confusing <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> with just a difference of opinion.
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<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> is the active debate and contention arising from differences.
A difference of opinion is the basis, but <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> is the ongoing, often heated, public discussion that results from it.
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Using the noun <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> as a verb.
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The verb is 'جادَلَ' (jādala).
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> is a noun. Saying 'هو جدل' (he debates) is incorrect; it should be 'هو يجادل' (he debates) or 'هو مجادل' (he is an arguer).
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Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> for calm, constructive discussions.
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Use <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> for contentious topics with opposing viewpoints.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> inherently implies conflict and strong opposition. For calm discussions, 'نقاش' (niqash) is more appropriate.
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Underestimating the 'public' aspect.
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<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> often implies a public or widespread forum for disagreement.
While it can occur privately, its strongest sense is tied to public discourse, media, or community-wide debates.
ヒント
Understand the Scope
Remember that جَدَل usually refers to a public or widespread disagreement. It's not typically used for a private spat between two people unless that disagreement is significant and sustained.
Distinguish from Simple Disagreement
While it involves disagreement, جَدَل implies more than just differing opinions. It suggests active debate, contention, and often a lack of easy resolution. Think of it as the 'heat' of a public debate.
Focus on Prolonged Nature
The word emphasizes the sustained nature of the disagreement. It's not a brief argument but a topic that continues to be debated over time, often in public forums like media or online discussions.
Pair with Descriptive Adjectives
Use adjectives like 'واسع' (widespread), 'كبير' (big/significant), 'حاد' (sharp/intense), or 'مستمر' (continuous) to better describe the nature and extent of the جَدَل.
Consider Alternatives
If the disagreement is calm or general, 'نقاش' (discussion) might be better. If it's a formal debate, 'مناظرة' (munāẓarah) could be more appropriate. جَدَل is for the contentious, prolonged kind.
Common in Media
You'll frequently encounter جَدَل in news reports, especially when discussing politics, social issues, or controversial events. It's a key term for describing public discourse.
Noun Form
Remember that جَدَل is a noun. The verb form to argue or debate is 'جادَلَ' (jādala).
Stress the First Syllable
Pronounce it as JA-dal, with the emphasis on the first syllable. Ensure the 'j' sound is like in 'judge'.
Visualize Entangled Arguments
Imagine arguments twisted together like a braid (جديلة - jadīlah). This visual can help link the word's root meaning to its sense of complex, intertwined debates.
Use it for Significant Issues
Save جَدَل for topics that genuinely stir up strong opposing opinions and are subjects of ongoing public discussion, not for every minor disagreement.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine two people whose arguments are so twisted and entangled, like a thick rope or braid (جديلة - jadīlah), that they can't untangle themselves. This 'twisted argument' is جَدَل.
視覚的連想
Picture a tangled ball of yarn or a complex knot. Each strand represents an opinion or argument, and the overall tangle is the جَدَل.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to explain the difference between a simple 'discussion' (نقاش) and a جَدَل using your own words. Focus on the intensity, duration, and public nature of جَدَل.
語源
The word جَدَل (jadal) originates from the root ج-د-ل (j-d-l), which generally relates to twisting, turning, or entwining. This root conveys the idea of something being intertwined or twisted, which metaphorically extends to the twisting and turning of arguments and opinions in a debate.
元の意味： The core meaning of the root ج-د-ل relates to twisting, plaiting, or entwining. This physical act of twisting is metaphorically applied to the complex, intertwined nature of arguments and differing viewpoints in a debate.
Semitic文化的な背景
While جَدَل can describe any strong disagreement, it is often used for topics that are sensitive or touch upon deeply held beliefs, such as religious matters, political ideologies, or cultural norms. Be mindful of the context when using this word to avoid causing offense.
In English-speaking cultures, similar concepts are expressed by 'controversy,' 'debate,' 'dispute,' 'argument,' or 'disagreement,' depending on the intensity and context. The Arabic word جَدَل often implies a combination of these, with an emphasis on sustained public engagement.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Political debates and public policy discussions.
- جدل سياسي
- جدل حول الإصلاحات
- يثير جدلاً في البرلمان
Media coverage of controversial events or social issues.
- جدل واسع في الإعلام
- جدل حول القرار
- وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي والجدل
Academic and intellectual discourse.
- جدل علمي
- جدل فلسفي
- جدل تاريخي
Discussions about ethics and morality.
- جدل أخلاقي
- جدل حول التكنولوجيا
- قضايا مثيرة للجدل
Community or public opinion on local matters.
- جدل في المجتمع
- جدل حول المشروع
- آراء متباينة تسبب جدلاً
会話のきっかけ
"What are your thoughts on the recent news about the proposed law? It seems to be causing a lot of جَدَل."
"Have you noticed the جَدَل surrounding the new movie? Some people love it, others hate it."
"The discussion about [topic] has become quite heated. It's developing into serious جَدَل."
"I'm trying to avoid جَدَل right now, but this issue is really important to me."
"How do you think we can resolve the جَدَل surrounding this community project?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you witnessed or participated in a significant <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark>. What was the topic, who were the parties involved, and what was the outcome?
Reflect on a controversial topic you feel strongly about. How would you describe the <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> surrounding it? What are the opposing viewpoints?
Consider the role of media in shaping public <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark>. How does news coverage influence the way people debate contentious issues?
Think about a time you successfully navigated a situation that involved potential <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark>. What strategies did you use to maintain a constructive dialogue?
How does the concept of <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> differ from a simple disagreement or a friendly debate in your own cultural context?
よくある質問
10 問Not necessarily negative, but it always implies disagreement and contention. While it can describe heated arguments, it can also refer to important public debates that lead to progress or understanding, even if difficult. The negativity often depends on the context and the nature of the debate.
While جَدَل can technically refer to any prolonged disagreement, it is most commonly used for public or widespread controversies. For a private, intense argument, words like 'مشادة كلامية' (mushāddah kalāmiyyah - verbal altercation) might be more specific, though جَدَل could still apply if the disagreement is sustained and significant.
They are very similar and often interchangeable. جَدَل (jadal) with a short 'a' sound in the first syllable sometimes carries a stronger connotation of prolonged public controversy. جدال (jidāl) with a long 'a' sound might refer more to the act of arguing or a specific debate. However, in many contexts, they mean essentially the same thing: argument or debate.
جَدَل is very close in meaning to 'controversy.' It signifies a topic that causes public disagreement and debate, often with strong opposing opinions, which is the core of a controversy.
Yes, absolutely. Scientific discoveries or theories that challenge existing paradigms often lead to significant جَدَل within the scientific community. This is often referred to as 'جدل علمي' (scientific debate).
Yes, the related verb is 'جادَلَ' (jādala), which means 'to argue' or 'to debate.' So, someone who is engaged in جَدَل is 'يجادل' (yujādil - he argues).
The plural form is 'جدالات' (jadālāt). This would be used if you are referring to multiple different debates or controversies.
If the debate is not heated and is more of a general discussion, you would likely use 'نقاش' (niqash). جَدَل implies a certain level of intensity and contention.
Yes, جَدَل is frequently used in Arabic literature, especially in works that explore social, political, or philosophical themes, to describe conflicts of ideas and sustained arguments between characters or groups.
A common mistake is using it for minor disagreements or simple differences of opinion. جَدَل implies a more significant, prolonged, and often public contention.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The Arabic word <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>جَدَل</mark> (jadal) signifies a significant, often public, and prolonged disagreement or heated debate around a contentious issue, where strong opposing viewpoints are actively expressed and debated.
- A sustained, often public, disagreement or heated discussion.
- Topic that sparks strong, opposing opinions.
- Implies contention and debate rather than simple disagreement.
- Common in news, politics, and social issue discussions.
Understand the Scope
Remember that جَدَل usually refers to a public or widespread disagreement. It's not typically used for a private spat between two people unless that disagreement is significant and sustained.
Distinguish from Simple Disagreement
While it involves disagreement, جَدَل implies more than just differing opinions. It suggests active debate, contention, and often a lack of easy resolution. Think of it as the 'heat' of a public debate.
Focus on Prolonged Nature
The word emphasizes the sustained nature of the disagreement. It's not a brief argument but a topic that continues to be debated over time, often in public forums like media or online discussions.
Pair with Descriptive Adjectives
Use adjectives like 'واسع' (widespread), 'كبير' (big/significant), 'حاد' (sharp/intense), or 'مستمر' (continuous) to better describe the nature and extent of the جَدَل.
例文
أثار الفيلم الجديد جدلاً واسعاً في الأوساط الثقافية.
関連コンテンツ
societyの関連語
عادل
A2公正な、公平な。偏りのない判断をする人を指します。
اِعْتِدَال
B2節度はバランスの取れた人生の鍵です。あらゆる行動においてiʿtidālを追求すべきです。この地域の気候はその節度で知られています。
عنيف
A1身体的な力を使用または伴い、傷つけたり、損傷させたり、殺したりすることを目的とした。暴力的な。
عربي
A1アラブ人、その文化、またはその言語に関連する。
اعتماد
B1誰かに頼ること、または機関の公式な認定（アクレディテーション）。
أفراد
B1個人またはグループのメンバー。家族のメンバーや職員によく使われます。
أجنبي
A1「外国の」または「外国人」を意味します。人、言語、製品などが自国以外のものである場合に使われます。
اِجْتِمَاعِيّ
B1社会またはその組織に関する。また、他人の仲間を楽しむ人を表す。
احترام
A2アラビア語の「احترام」は「尊敬」を意味し、誰かや何かに対する深い賞賛の気持ちを表します。
الله
A2アッラーはアラビア語で「神」を意味する言葉で、ムスリムやアラブ系のキリスト教徒によって使われます。
