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B1 verb ニュートラル 3分で読める

indirmek

/in.diɾ.mec/
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Overview

The Turkish word 'indirmek' is a versatile verb with several core meanings, primarily centered around the concept of 'bringing something down' or 'causing something to descend'. Its most common and contemporary usage is 'to download', especially in the context of digital files and the internet. However, its semantic range is much broader and understanding its various applications provides insight into Turkish linguistic structure.

Here's a breakdown of its key meanings and usages:

  1. 1To Download (dijital içerik): This is the most prevalent meaning in modern Turkish. When referring to files, software, music, or videos from the internet to a local device, 'indirmek' is the go-to verb. For example, 'Bir dosya indirmek' means 'to download a file', and 'uygulama indirmek' means 'to download an application'. The noun form for 'download' in this context is 'indirme'.
  1. 1To Take Down / Bring Down / Lower (fiziksel nesne): This is the literal and foundational meaning. It involves physically moving an object from a higher position to a lower one. Examples include:
  • 'Bayrağı indirmek' (to lower the flag)
  • 'Rafı indirmek' (to take down the shelf)
  • 'Perdeyi indirmek' (to lower/draw the curtain)
  • 'Çantayı arabadan indirmek' (to take the bag down from the car)
  1. 1To Drop Off / Let Off (yolcu, yük): When referring to passengers or cargo being disembarked from a vehicle, 'indirmek' is used. It implies letting someone or something descend from a mode of transport. For instance:
  • 'Yolcuyu durağa indirmek' (to drop off the passenger at the stop)
  • 'Yükü kamyondan indirmek' (to unload the cargo from the truck)
  1. 1To Reduce / Lower (fiyat, miktar, oran): In a more abstract sense, 'indirmek' can mean to decrease or lessen something, particularly prices, quantities, or rates. This usage is common in commercial or economic contexts.
  • 'Fiyatları indirmek' (to lower prices)
  • 'Faiz oranlarını indirmek' (to lower interest rates)
  • 'Vergileri indirmek' (to reduce taxes)

The noun form 'indirim' specifically means 'discount' or 'reduction'.

  1. 1To Take Off (kıyafet): While 'çıkarmak' is more common for 'to take off clothes', 'indirmek' can sometimes be used, especially in more specific or regional contexts, though it's less frequent.
  1. 1To Defeat / Overthrow (mecazi): In a metaphorical sense, especially in older or more formal contexts, 'indirmek' can mean to bring someone down from power, to defeat, or to overthrow.

Grammatical Conjugation:

'İndirmek' is a regular verb. Its root is 'indir-'. Here are some common conjugations:

  • Infinitive: indirmek (to download/lower)
  • Present Continuous: indiriyorum (I am downloading/lowering)
  • Simple Past: indirdim (I downloaded/lowered)
  • Future: indireceğim (I will download/lower)
  • Aorist: indiririm (I download/lower, generally)
  • Imperative (you singular): indir! (download!/lower!)

Understanding the context is crucial for correctly interpreting 'indirmek', as its meaning can shift significantly depending on the accompanying nouns and the overall situation. However, in contemporary digital communication, 'to download' remains its most prominent application.

使い方

よくある間違い

Students often confuse 'indirmek' (to download) with 'yüklemek' (to upload) or 'kurmak' (to install). Remember that 'indirmek' specifically refers to bringing something *down* from a server to your device.

語源

The Turkish word 'indirmek' (to download, to lower, to take down) originates from the Old Turkic root 'in-' meaning 'to descend, to go down'. This root is exceptionally old and can be traced back to Proto-Turkic *ī̄n- 'to descend, to come down'. The suffix '-dir-' is a causative suffix in Turkish, which transforms a verb into one that expresses causing an action. So, 'inmek' (to descend, to go down) becomes 'indirmek' (to cause to descend, to make something go down). The suffix '-mek' is the infinitive suffix in Turkish, forming the basic dictionary form of the verb. Historically, the meaning of 'indirmek' has encompassed various actions related to lowering or bringing something down. Examples include: * **Physical lowering:** Such as lowering a flag, bringing down an object from a high place, or helping someone dismount from a horse. * **Reducing:** Like lowering prices, reducing a fever, or bringing down a government. * **Debasement/Humiliation:** In older contexts, it could also mean to humble or debase someone. With the advent of digital technology, the meaning of 'indirmek' naturally extended to 'downloading'. This is a semantic extension based on the core concept of 'bringing something down' from a higher place (e.g., a server, the cloud) to a local device. This modern usage became prevalent as internet and computer technologies developed and became widespread in Turkey. Related words in Turkic languages include forms with similar roots and causative suffixes. For instance, in Azerbaijani, 'endirmək' carries the same meaning. In other Turkic languages, variations of the 'in-' root are consistently found to denote descending or going down. In summary, 'indirmek' is a rich word whose meaning has evolved from a fundamental concept of physical descent in Old Turkic to encompass a wide range of actions, including its contemporary usage in the digital realm as 'to download', all while maintaining its etymological core of 'causing to go down'.

覚え方のコツ

Think of 'indirmek' as 'in' (down) + 'dirmek' (to cause to do). So, to cause something to go down, like a file from the internet.

よくある質問

4 問
'İndirmek' is a Turkish verb that primarily means 'to download.' It refers to the act of transferring data or files from a remote system (like a server or the internet) to a local system (like a computer, phone, or tablet). This can include anything from documents and images to software and videos. Beyond digital downloads, it can also encompass the physical act of bringing something down from a higher position, like 'to take down' a flag or 'to lower' a window. The specific context usually clarifies the intended meaning, but in modern usage, 'to download' is its most common interpretation.
'İndirmek' can be used in various contexts. For example, to say 'I want to download a file,' you would say 'Bir dosya indirmek istiyorum.' If you are referring to lowering something, you might say 'Perdeleri indirmek' (to lower the curtains) or 'Bayrağı indirmek' (to take down the flag). It's a versatile verb that adapts its meaning based on the object it acts upon, always implying a movement from a higher or remote position to a lower or local one. Understanding the direct object helps in correctly interpreting its usage.
Yes, there are several common phrases and idioms that use 'indirmek.' Besides the literal 'to download' or 'to lower,' you might encounter expressions like 'fiyatları indirmek' (to lower prices), 'gözlerini indirmek' (to cast down one's eyes, often implying modesty or shame), or 'birini yere indirmek' (to take someone down a peg, meaning to humble someone). These phrases showcase the verb's broader application beyond just digital downloads, highlighting its ability to convey a sense of reduction, humility, or physical movement downwards.
While 'indirmek' is the primary word for 'to download,' related concepts include 'yüklemek' (to upload, the opposite action), 'kaydetmek' (to save), or 'almak' (to take, which can sometimes imply downloading depending on context). For its meaning of 'to lower,' synonyms might include 'alçaltmak' or 'azaltmak' (to reduce, though 'azaltmak' is more about quantity). The digital context makes 'indirmek' quite specific, but its broader applications connect it to a range of verbs describing movement or change in level or status.

自分をテスト

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Lütfen dosyayı ______.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
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Bu uygulamayı ______ istiyorum.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
fill blank

Müziği internetten ______.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

スコア： /3

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