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A1 verb 9分で読める

يَستَطيع

yastatee'a
例文 يَستَطيع 30秒で
解説 يَستَطيع in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'yastaṭīʿu' is introduced as the basic way to say 'can.' Learners use it to describe simple physical abilities like swimming, reading, or speaking a language. The focus is on the first-person singular 'astaṭīʿu' (I can) and second-person 'tastaṭīʿu' (you can). Grammar is kept simple, usually following the verb with 'an' and a basic present-tense verb. Students learn to say things like 'I can speak Arabic' or 'Can you help me?' It is one of the first 'modal' verbs a student learns, helping them move beyond simple subject-verb-object sentences into expressing potential and requests.
At the A2 level, students expand their use of 'yastaṭīʿu' to cover daily routines and social interactions. They learn to conjugate the verb for all pronouns, including 'we' (nastaṭīʿu) and 'they' (yastaṭīʿūna). The focus shifts to using the verb for polite requests and asking for permission in public places, like at a restaurant or a train station. Students also begin to use the negation 'lā yastaṭīʿu' to explain why they cannot do something, which is crucial for basic problem-solving and communication in an Arabic-speaking environment. They also start to recognize the verb in simple written texts like advertisements or signs.
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At the B1 level, 'yastaṭīʿu' is used to discuss more abstract concepts and future possibilities. Learners start using the future prefix 'sa-' (sa-yastaṭīʿu - he will be able to) and the past tense 'istaṭāʿa' (he was able to). The grammatical focus moves toward the 'Masdar' (verbal noun) construction, where 'yastaṭīʿu' is followed by a noun instead of a verb (e.g., 'He can swim' becomes 'He is capable of swimming'). B1 students use the verb to participate in longer conversations about their skills, work experiences, and plans. They also learn to distinguish 'yastaṭīʿu' from its synonym 'qadara' in more formal contexts.
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At the B2 level, students use 'yastaṭīʿu' with greater nuance and precision. They can handle complex sentence structures, such as using the verb in conditional sentences (e.g., 'If I had more time, I would be able to...'). They understand the subtle differences between 'yastaṭīʿu' (personal ability) and 'yumkinu' (general possibility/permission). Learners at this level can use the verb to express logical deductions in debates or written essays. They also become familiar with the passive-like usage in formal media, such as 'It can be said that...' and are comfortable with the verb appearing in various moods and derived forms in literature.
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At the C1 level, 'yastaṭīʿu' is analyzed within its broader root system and stylistic variations. Students explore the rhetorical impact of using Form X verbs and how 'yastaṭīʿu' functions in classical texts versus modern media. They can use the verb to express very subtle degrees of certainty and ability. C1 learners are also expected to use more sophisticated synonyms like 'tamakkana min' (to manage to) or 'tasannā lahu' (it was possible for him) to avoid repetition and add color to their speech. They understand the philosophical implications of 'ability' in Arabic literature and can discuss abstract themes using this verb with ease.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of 'yastaṭīʿu' is complete, including its use in highly specialized academic, legal, and poetic contexts. A C2 learner understands the historical evolution of the verb and its usage in the Quran and classical poetry. They can appreciate the wordplay involving its root (Ṭ-W-ʿ) and related words like 'muṭāwa'a' (compliance). In professional settings, they use the verb to draft complex documents where the distinction between 'ability,' 'authority,' and 'possibility' is legally or diplomatically critical. They have native-like intuition for which synonym fits the register and emotional tone of any given situation.
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例文

يَستَطيع 30秒で

  • The primary Arabic verb for 'can' or 'to be able to,' essential for daily communication.
  • Follows a specific grammar pattern requiring 'an' plus a subjunctive verb or a verbal noun.
  • Form X verb derived from the root Ṭ-W-ʿ, meaning obedience or being within power.
  • Used in all registers, from casual requests to complex academic and philosophical discussions.

The Arabic verb يَستَطيع (yastaṭīʿu) is the cornerstone of expressing ability, capability, and possibility in the Arabic language. Rooted in the triliteral root ط - و - ع (Ṭ-W-ʿ), which fundamentally relates to obedience, compliance, or being within one's power, this Form X verb (Istaf'ala) carries the nuance of 'seeking the power' or 'finding the means' to do something. In everyday modern standard Arabic and many dialects, it is the most direct equivalent to the English modal verb 'can' or the phrase 'to be able to.' Understanding this word is essential because it functions as a modal auxiliary, requiring a specific grammatical structure to follow it, usually involving the particle أَنْ (an) and a present-tense verb in the subjunctive mood.

Core Meaning
The primary function of yastaṭīʿu is to denote physical or mental capacity. It answers the question of whether an agent has the strength, skill, or opportunity to perform an action.
Modal Potential
Beyond physical ability, it is used to express logical possibility. For instance, in a debate, one might say 'It can be argued...' using this verb to indicate that the action is feasible within the realm of logic.
Permission vs. Ability
While often used for permission in casual speech (like the English 'Can I go?'), formal Arabic often distinguishes this from 'may' (yumkinu), though yastaṭīʿu remains ubiquitous in both contexts.

أنا أَستَطيعُ أَن أَتَكَلَّمَ العَرَبِيَّةَ بِطَلاقَة.

— "I can speak Arabic fluently."

The verb is versatile across all registers. In a medical context, a doctor might ask if a patient yastaṭīʿu to move a limb. In a technical manual, it might describe what a software program yastaṭīʿu to process. It is a 'high-frequency' word, meaning you will encounter it in almost every conversation or text that involves planning, skill assessment, or potentiality.

هَل تَستَطيعُ مُساعَدَتي في هَذا الأَمر؟

— "Can you help me with this matter?"

When using this verb, remember that it changes based on the subject. For example, 'she can' is tastaṭīʿu, 'they can' is yastaṭīʿūna, and 'we can' is nastaṭīʿu. The pattern is consistent with Form X present tense verbs, making it a reliable anchor for students learning verb conjugations.

الإِنسانُ يَستَطيعُ التَّكَيُّفَ مَعَ الظُّروفِ الصَّعبَة.

— "Humans can adapt to difficult circumstances."
Grammatical Link
It is almost always followed by an + present verb (subjunctive) or a masdar (verbal noun). For example, yastaṭīʿu an yaqra'a (he can read) or yastaṭīʿu al-qirā'ata (he is capable of reading).

Mastering the use of يَستَطيع requires understanding its relationship with other words in a sentence. Unlike English where 'can' is a simple auxiliary followed by an infinitive without 'to', Arabic requires a bridge. This bridge is typically the particle أَنْ (an), which triggers the subjunctive mood in the following verb. This structure is the most common way to express 'I can do [action]'.

The 'An' Construction
Structure: [Conjugated Yastaṭīʿu] + أَنْ + [Subjunctive Verb]. Example: Yastaṭīʿu an yasbaḥa (He can swim). The 'an' acts like the 'to' in 'to swim', but the verb that follows must change its ending (e.g., from -u to -a).
The Masdar Construction
Structure: [Conjugated Yastaṭīʿu] + [Verbal Noun]. Example: Yastaṭīʿu as-sibāḥata (He is capable of swimming). This is slightly more formal and is often used in writing or when the action is treated as a general ability.

لا أَستَطيعُ أَنْ آتِيَ إِلَى الحَفْلَةِ اليَوم.

— "I cannot come to the party today."

Negation is straightforward. You simply place لا (lā) before the present tense verb: lā yastaṭīʿu (he cannot). For the past tense, you use lam yastaṭi' (he could not) or mā istatā'a. Note that in the past tense, the verb changes to its Form X past root اِستَطاعَ (istaṭāʿa).

هَل تَستَطيعينَ فَهْمَ هَذا النَّص؟

— "Can you (feminine) understand this text?"

When asking questions, you usually start with هَل (hal) or use a rising intonation. Because yastaṭīʿu is a verb, it must agree with the gender and number of the person you are talking about. If you are addressing a group of men, you say tastaṭīʿūna; for a group of women, tastaṭi'na.

المُتَفَوِّقونَ يَستَطيعونَ حَلَّ المَسائِلِ الصَّعْبَة.

— "The high achievers are able to solve difficult problems."
Complex Tenses
To say 'I will be able to', use sa-astaṭīʿu. To say 'I used to be able to', use kuntu astaṭīʿu. This flexibility allows for precise temporal expressions of capability.

If you tune into an Arabic news broadcast, such as Al Jazeera or BBC Arabic, يَستَطيع will likely appear within the first five minutes. It is the language of diplomacy and analysis. Reporters use it to discuss whether a government 'can' implement a policy or whether a ceasefire 'can' hold. It is a word of possibility and constraint.

In the classroom, it is the most common verb used by teachers. 'Can you hear me?' (hal tastaṭīʿūna samā'ī?) or 'Can you open your books?' (hal tastaṭīʿūna fatḥa kutubikum?). It bridges the gap between a command and a polite request. Because it is so clear and unambiguous, it is preferred in educational settings over more regional dialectal variations.

لا يَستَطيعُ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يُنْكِرَ الحَقيقة.

— "No one can deny the truth."

In literature and poetry, yastaṭīʿu often takes on a more philosophical tone. It is used to explore the limits of the human condition. A novelist might write about a character who lā yastaṭīʿu (cannot) escape his past, using the verb to emphasize a deep-seated inability or a psychological barrier. It carries more weight here than a simple physical 'can'.

Public announcements and signs also utilize this verb. A sign might say 'You can pay by credit card' (tastaṭīʿu ad-daf'a bi-biṭāqati al-i'timān). In this context, it is providing information about options and permissions available to the public. It is factual and professional.

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تُرِيَني الطَّريق؟

— "Can you show me the way?"

Finally, in religious and spiritual discourse, the verb is used to contrast human ability with divine power. A common theme is that while man yastaṭīʿu to plan, only God yastaṭīʿu to guarantee the outcome. This contrast highlights the inherent limitations that the word 'ability' implies in a theological context.

Even advanced learners of Arabic frequently stumble over the grammatical requirements of يَستَطيع. The most common error is failing to use the particle أَنْ (an) before the following verb. In English, we say 'I can swim,' but in Arabic, you cannot say 'أنا أستطيع أسبح' (Ana astaṭīʿu asbaḥu). You MUST include 'an'.

The Missing 'An'
Mistake: أستطيع أذهب (Astaṭīʿu adhabu). Correction: أستطيع أن أذهبَ (Astaṭīʿu an adhaba). Without 'an', the sentence sounds broken and colloquial in a way that doesn't fit formal Arabic.
Subjunctive Neglect
Mistake: يستطيع أن يذهبُ (ends in -u). Correction: يستطيع أن يذهبَ (ends in -a). The particle 'an' forces the following verb into the mansub (subjunctive) case, which usually means changing a damma to a fatha.

خَطَأ: هُوَ لا يَستَطيعُ أَنْ يَأْكُلُ.

صَح: هُوَ لا يَستَطيعُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ.

Another mistake involves the confusion between yastaṭīʿu and yumkinu. While both can translate to 'can', yumkinu is impersonal ('it is possible') and yastaṭīʿu is personal ('I have the ability'). Saying 'Yumkinu an adhaba' means 'It is possible for me to go,' whereas 'Astaṭīʿu an adhaba' means 'I am able to go.' Using the wrong one can change the tone of your request from asking about your own capacity to asking about the general possibility.

Finally, watch out for the dual and plural forms. Arabic is very specific about numbers. If two people are able to do something, you must use yastaṭīʿāni. Forgetting to match the verb to the specific number of subjects is a common 'A2' level mistake that persists into 'B1'.

Arabic is a rich language with many shades of 'ability'. While يَستَطيع is the most common, other verbs offer more specific meanings. Knowing when to use these alternatives will make your Arabic sound more natural and sophisticated.

قَدَرَ (Qadara)
This verb focuses on power and strength. It is the root of 'Qadr' (destiny/power). Use qadara when you want to emphasize that someone has the might or authority to do something. It is slightly more formal and heavy than yastaṭīʿu.
أَمْكَنَ (Amkana)
This is an impersonal verb. You don't say 'I amkana', you say 'It amkana me' (yumkinunī). It translates to 'it is possible for me'. Use this when discussing feasibility or permission rather than physical skill.
تَمَكَّنَ (Tamakkana)
This verb means 'to manage' or 'to succeed in doing'. It is followed by the preposition min. Example: Tamakkana min al-hurūb (He managed to escape). Use this when the ability was exercised despite obstacles.

المُقارَنَة: يَستَطيع (Can) vs يُمكِن (Possible) vs يَقْدِر (Has power).

In dialects, yastaṭīʿu is rarely used in casual speech. In the Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine), you will hear byiqdar. In Egypt, you will hear yi'dar. In the Gulf, you might hear yigdar. Interestingly, all these dialect versions come from the root Q-D-R, while the Formal yastaṭīʿu comes from Ṭ-W-ʿ. This is a key distinction between Fusha (Formal) and Ammiya (Dialect).

There is also the verb أَطاقَ (Aṭāqa), which means 'to bear' or 'to stand'. It is related to the same root as yastaṭīʿu. You use it in the negative to say 'I can't stand this!' (lā uṭīqu hādhā!). This shows how the root 'Ṭ-W-ʿ' branches into different types of 'can'—one for ability and one for endurance.

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レベル別の例文

1

أنا أَستَطيعُ السِّباحَة.

I can swim.

Uses the Masdar (as-sibāḥa) instead of 'an' + verb.

2

هَل تَستَطيعُ مُساعَدَتي؟

Can you help me?

A common way to make a polite request.

3

هُوَ لا يَستَطيعُ أَنْ يَمْشي.

He cannot walk.

Negative 'la' followed by 'an' and a subjunctive verb.

4

نَحنُ نَستَطيعُ أَنْ نَأْكُلَ الآن.

We can eat now.

First person plural conjugation 'nastaṭīʿu'.

5

هَل تَستَطيعينَ القِراءة؟

Can you (feminine) read?

Second person feminine singular conjugation.

6

أَستَطيعُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ العَرَبِيَّة.

I can speak Arabic.

Basic ability expression.

7

الكَلبُ يَستَطيعُ الرَّكْضَ سَريعاً.

The dog can run fast.

Third person masculine singular for an animal.

8

أَستَطيعُ أَنْ أَراكَ.

I can see you.

Verb 'to see' (ara) in the subjunctive.

1

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تُعْطِيَني القَلَم؟

Can you give me the pen?

Polite request using 'an'.

2

لا أَستَطيعُ أَنْ أَذْهَبَ إِلى السُّوقِ اليَوم.

I cannot go to the market today.

Expressing inability due to schedule.

3

يَستَطيعُ الطُّلابُ أَنْ يَدْخُلوا الصَّفّ.

The students can enter the classroom.

Plural verb following the subject.

4

هَل تَستَطيعينَ طَبْخَ الطَّعامِ العَرَبِيّ؟

Can you (f) cook Arabic food?

Asking about a specific skill.

5

نَحنُ لا نَستَطيعُ فَهْمَ هَذا السُّؤال.

We cannot understand this question.

Using the Masdar 'fahm'.

6

يَستَطيعُ أَخي أَنْ يَقودَ السَّيارة.

My brother can drive the car.

Third person singular.

7

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تَنتَظِرَ دَقيقة؟

Can you wait a minute?

Requesting patience.

8

أَستَطيعُ أَنْ أَسْمَعَ الموسيقى مِن هُنا.

I can hear the music from here.

Physical perception ability.

1

لَم أَستَطِعْ أَنْ أَنامَ البارِحَة.

I could not sleep yesterday.

Past tense negation using 'lam' + jussive.

2

سَنَستَطيعُ أَنْ نُسافِرَ في الصَّيف.

We will be able to travel in the summer.

Future tense with 'sa-' prefix.

3

هَل اِستَطاعَ المُديرُ أَنْ يَحِلَّ المُشكِلة؟

Was the manager able to solve the problem?

Past tense question.

4

يَستَطيعُ المَرْءُ أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمَ الكَثيرَ مِنَ السَّفَر.

One can learn a lot from travel.

General subject 'al-mar' (one/man).

5

لا أَستَطيعُ أَنْ أَعِدَكَ بِأَيِّ شَيء.

I cannot promise you anything.

Abstract ability (promising).

6

هَل تَستَطيعينَ أَنْ تَشْرَحي لِي الدَّرْس؟

Can you (f) explain the lesson to me?

Asking for an explanation.

7

اِستَطاعوا أَنْ يَصِلوا إِلى القِمَّة.

They were able to reach the summit.

Past tense plural.

8

يَستَطيعُ العَقْلُ البَشَرِيُّ أَنْ يَبْتَكِرَ أَشْياءَ رائِعة.

The human mind can innovate wonderful things.

Formal subject-verb agreement.

1

لَو كُنتُ غَنِيّاً، لاَستَطَعْتُ أَنْ أَشْتَرِيَ هَذِهِ الشَّرِكَة.

If I were rich, I would have been able to buy this company.

Conditional sentence using 'law' and 'la-istata'tu'.

2

يَستَطيعُ الباحِثونَ أَنْ يَسْتَنْتِجوا نَتائِجَ جَديدة.

Researchers can deduce new results.

Academic context.

3

لا يَستَطيعُ أَيُّ نِظامٍ أَنْ يَكونَ مِثالِيّاً.

No system can be perfect.

Philosophical/General statement.

4

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تَتَخَيَّلَ حَياتَنا بِدونِ إِنْتَرْنِت؟

Can you imagine our life without the internet?

Abstract mental ability.

5

لَم نَستَطِعْ أَنْ نُقْنِعَهُ بِتَغْييرِ رَأْيِهِ.

We were not able to convince him to change his mind.

Interpersonal negotiation.

6

يَستَطيعُ الفَنُّ أَنْ يُعَبِّرَ عَمّا تَعْجَزُ عَنْهُ الكَلِمات.

Art can express what words fail to.

Literary style.

7

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تُؤَكِّدَ لِي صِحَّةَ هَذِهِ الخَبَر؟

Can you confirm the accuracy of this news for me?

Verification and certainty.

8

اِستَطاعَتِ الحُكومَةُ أَنْ تُقَلِّلَ مِن نِسْبَةِ البِطالة.

The government was able to reduce the unemployment rate.

Socio-political context.

1

لا يَستَطيعُ المَرْءُ إِلا أَنْ يَعْجَبَ بِهَذا الإِنْجاز.

One cannot but admire this achievement.

Double negation for emphasis (cannot but).

2

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَ الحَقيقةِ والخَيالِ في هَذِهِ الرِّواية؟

Can you differentiate between reality and fiction in this novel?

Critical analysis context.

3

لَم يَستَطِعِ الشّاعِرُ أَنْ يَكْبِتَ مَشاعِرَهُ الجَيّاشة.

The poet was unable to suppress his overflowing emotions.

Advanced vocabulary (yakbita, jayyasha).

4

يَستَطيعُ القارِئُ الذَّكِيُّ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ ما بَيْنَ السُّطور.

The clever reader can read between the lines.

Idiomatic expression.

5

لا تَستَطيعُ الدُّوَلُ النّامِيَةُ أَنْ تَنْعَزِلَ عَنِ العَوْلَمَة.

Developing countries cannot isolate themselves from globalization.

International relations terminology.

6

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تُقَدِّمَ تَحْليلاً مَنْطِقِيّاً لِهَذِهِ الظّاهِرة؟

Can you provide a logical analysis of this phenomenon?

Academic inquiry.

7

اِستَطاعَ الكاتِبُ أَنْ يَنْقُلَنا إِلى عالَمٍ آخَر.

The writer was able to transport us to another world.

Metaphorical ability.

8

لا يَستَطيعُ أَيُّ مُنْصِفٍ أَنْ يُنْكِرَ فَضْلَهُ.

No fair person can deny his merit.

Ethical/Moral judgment.

1

إِنَّ الإِنْسانَ لا يَستَطيعُ أَنْ يَنْفَكَّ عَنْ تاريخِهِ وَثَقافَتِهِ.

Man cannot detach himself from his history and culture.

Existential/Philosophical statement.

2

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تَسْبِرَ غَوْرَ هَذِهِ الفَلْسَفَةِ العَميقة؟

Can you fathom the depths of this profound philosophy?

Highly classical idiom (sabara gawra).

3

لَم يَستَطِعِ البَيانُ أَنْ يُوفِيَ المَشْهَدَ حَقَّهُ مِنَ الوَصْف.

Eloquence was unable to do justice to the scene's description.

Personification of 'eloquence'.

4

تَستَطيعُ النُّصوصُ القَديمةُ أَنْ تَمُدَّنا بِرُؤًى مُعاصِرة.

Ancient texts can provide us with contemporary insights.

Inter-temporal analysis.

5

لا يَستَطيعُ أَيُّ كِيانٍ سِياسِيٍّ أَنْ يَتَجاهَلَ إِرادَةَ الشَّعْب.

No political entity can ignore the will of the people.

Political theory context.

6

هَل تَستَطيعُ أَنْ تُجَسِّدَ هَذِهِ المَعاني في عَمَلٍ فَنِّيّ؟

Can you embody these meanings in an artistic work?

Abstract creative challenge.

7

اِستَطاعَ المَنْطِقُ أَنْ يَكْشِفَ زَيْفَ هَذِهِ الاِدِّعاءات.

Logic was able to reveal the falsehood of these claims.

Argumentative/Formal.

8

لا يَستَطيعُ المَرْءُ أَنْ يَتَنَصَّلَ مِن مَسْؤولِيّاتِهِ الأَخْلاقِيَّة.

One cannot shirk one's moral responsibilities.

Ethical imperative.

よく使う組み合わせ

يَستَطيعُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ
لا يَستَطيعُ صَبْراً
كُلُّ ما يَستَطيع
هَل تَستَطيعُ المَجيء؟
لا يَستَطيعُ أَنْ يُنْكِر
يَستَطيعُ التَّحَدُّث
قَدْرَ ما يَستَطيع
لا يَستَطيعُ التَّنَفُّس
هَل تَستَطيعُ شَرْحَ...
يَستَطيعُ الوُصول

よく使うフレーズ

لا أَستَطيعُ اِنتِظاراً

— I can't wait. Used to express excitement.

لا أَستَطيعُ اِن

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