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A1 verb 7分で読める

dostat

例文 メモとヒント dostat 30秒で
解説 dostat in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'dostat' is primarily taught as 'to receive' in the context of gifts, letters, or simple items. Students learn the past tense 'dostal jsem' to describe what they received for their birthday or Christmas. The focus is on the basic SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) structure where the object is in the Accusative case. You will use it to say things like 'I got a present' or 'I got an email'. It is one of the first verbs you learn because it is essential for talking about your experiences and things you own. You should focus on the four basic forms: dostal (masculine), dostala (feminine), dostalo (neuter), and dostali (plural). Avoid overcomplicating it with abstract meanings; stay with physical objects for now.
As you move to A2, you begin to use 'dostat' for physiological states and illnesses. You'll learn phrases like 'dostat hlad' (to get hungry), 'dostat žízeň' (to get thirsty), and 'dostat rýmu' (to catch a cold). This level also introduces the reflexive 'dostat se' for movement. You'll learn to ask 'Jak se dostanu do Prahy?' (How do I get to Prague?). You start to see how 'dostat' functions as a perfective verb, meaning it describes a completed action or a sudden change. You should also start using the preposition 'od' (from) with the Genitive case to indicate the source of what you received. This expands your ability to describe social interactions and travel plans.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the abstract uses of 'dostat'. This includes receiving news, getting opportunities, or reaching certain life milestones. You start to encounter idioms such as 'dostat strach' (to become afraid) or 'dostat nápad' (to get an idea). You will also notice 'dostat' in more complex sentence structures, such as passive-like constructions like 'dostat vynadáno' (to get a scolding/to be scolded). Your understanding of the aspectual pair (dostat vs. dostávat) should be solid now; you know that 'dostávám' is for habits and 'dostanu' is for a specific future result. This level requires you to use the verb naturally in storytelling and describing personal growth.
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B2 learners explore the nuances between 'dostat' and its more formal or specific synonyms like 'obdržet', 'získat', or 'nabýt'. You begin to use 'dostat se' in metaphorical ways, such as 'dostat se do potíží' (to get into trouble) or 'dostat se k jádru věci' (to get to the heart of the matter). You will also learn more colloquial and idiomatic expressions used in films and literature, such as 'dostat košem' (to be rejected/get the basket). At this stage, you should be able to manipulate the verb in all tenses and moods, including the conditional 'dostal bych' (I would get). You also start to recognize how 'dostat' is used in official news reports and more formal speech, even if 'obdržet' is preferred in written form.
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At C1, you master the stylistic variations of 'dostat'. You understand when 'dostat' sounds too informal and when to substitute it with more precise verbs like 'extrahovat' (to extract) or 'vydobýt' (to win/wrest). You are familiar with rare idioms and archaic uses found in classical Czech literature. You can use 'dostat' in complex grammatical structures, such as using the past participle 'dostaný' (though rare, it appears in specific contexts). You also understand the subtle difference in meaning when 'dostat' is used with different prefixes in the word family (e.g., 'přidostat'). Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the correct use of register and tone in both spoken and written Czech.
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At the C2 level, you have a deep historical and etymological understanding of 'dostat'. You can analyze its use in various historical periods of the Czech language and how its meaning has shifted from 'reaching a standing position' to 'receiving'. You are capable of using the verb in highly technical, legal, or poetic contexts where the choice of 'dostat' over a synonym might carry specific legal weight or rhythmic importance. You can navigate the most obscure regional dialects where 'dostat' might be used in unique ways. You essentially possess a 'feeling' for the word that allows you to use it creatively in puns, wordplay, and high-level academic discourse.
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例文 メモとヒント

dostat 30秒で

  • Dostat is the primary Czech verb for 'to get' or 'to receive', focusing on the completed action of acquisition.
  • It is a perfective verb, meaning its present tense usually refers to the future and it emphasizes results.
  • When used with 'se' (dostat se), it means 'to get to' or 'to reach' a specific place or state.
  • It is commonly used for gifts, grades, illnesses, and reaching destinations, requiring the Accusative case for objects.

The Czech verb dostat is one of the most fundamental pillars of the Czech language, primarily serving as the equivalent to the English verb 'to get' or 'to receive'. At its core, it describes a change of state where an entity comes into possession of something, whether that thing is physical, abstract, or even a biological condition. Because it is a perfective verb, it focuses on the completion of the action—the moment the transition of ownership or state is finalized. This makes it distinct from its imperfective counterpart, dostávat, which describes the process of receiving or a repeated habit of getting things.

Physical Possession
The most common usage involves receiving gifts, money, or goods. When a child says they 'got' a toy for Christmas, they use dostat. It implies a passive reception where someone else provided the item or the circumstances led to its acquisition.
Biological and Emotional States
Czech speakers use dostat to describe 'catching' an illness or suddenly experiencing an emotion. For instance, 'dostat rýmu' (to get a cold) or 'dostat strach' (to get scared/receive fear). This highlights the external nature of these triggers in the Czech linguistic worldview.

K narozeninám jsem dostal novou knihu od své sestry.

Beyond simple reception, dostat is frequently paired with the reflexive pronoun se to form dostat se, which means 'to get (somewhere)' or 'to reach a destination'. This is essential for navigation and discussing personal progress. If you finally manage to enter a prestigious university, you 'dostal se' there. If you are lost and finally find your way to the square, you 'dostal se' to the square. This versatility makes the verb indispensable for daily survival in a Czech-speaking environment.

In social contexts, the word carries weight in terms of social exchange. In the history of the Czech Republic, especially during the communist era, 'getting' something (dostat/sehnat) often implied a level of effort or luck due to scarcity. While those times have passed, the linguistic nuance of 'dostat' as a significant event remains. It is not just a casual 'get' like in English 'get a coffee' (which would more likely be dát si); it is a meaningful reception of something that was not previously yours.

Using dostat correctly requires an understanding of Czech noun cases, specifically the Accusative (4. pád). When you receive something, that 'something' must be in the accusative case. For example, in the sentence 'Dostal jsem dopis' (I received a letter), 'dopis' is the direct object. If the object were feminine, like 'zpráva' (message), it would change to 'zprávu'.

The Recipient and the Source
The person receiving is the subject (Nominative). To specify from whom you received the item, use the preposition od followed by the Genitive case (2. pád). Example: 'Dostal jsem to od otce' (I got it from my father).

Musíme se dostat do centra města včas.

When using the reflexive form dostat se, you often need the preposition do (into) or na (onto/to), both followed by the Genitive or Accusative depending on the context of motion. 'Dostat se do problémů' (To get into trouble) is a common abstract use. Here, 'problémů' is Genitive plural. Understanding these pairings is key to moving beyond A1 level Czech.

The conjugation of dostat follows the -ne- paradigm (dostanu, dostaneš, dostane...). In the past tense, it follows the standard pattern: dostal, dostala, dostalo, dostali. It is important to note that when 'dostat' is used with an infinitive, it can mean 'to be allowed' or 'to get to do something', though this is more common in specific dialects or older literature. In modern standard Czech, it is primarily about reception and reaching.

You will hear dostat in almost every facet of Czech life. In a domestic setting, it's the star of birthdays, holidays, and celebrations. Children will excitedly scream 'Dostal jsem Lego!' (I got Lego!). In a professional environment, it is used for receiving emails, feedback, or salary. 'Už jsi dostal výplatu?' (Have you received your salary yet?) is a common question among colleagues.

Medical Contexts
In pharmacies or doctors' offices, you'll hear it regarding prescriptions or symptoms. 'Dostal jsem recept na antibiotika' (I got a prescription for antibiotics). It's also used for catching diseases: 'Dostal jsem chřipku' (I caught the flu).

Doufám, že dostanu tu práci, o kterou jsem žádal.

In the education system, students 'dostávají' grades (imperfective) but 'dostali' a specific grade on a test (perfective). 'Dostal jsem jedničku!' (I got an A!) is a phrase every Czech student hopes to say. Furthermore, in transit, you will hear people on their phones saying 'Už se dostávám k metru' (I am getting to the metro now) or 'Jak se dostanu na letiště?' (How do I get to the airport?). This usage of 'dostat se' is the standard way to ask for directions.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is using dostat as a direct translation for every 'get' in English. English 'get' is a 'chameleon verb' that can mean 'buy', 'become', 'understand', or 'fetch'. Czech is much more specific. For example, 'I got tired' is not dostal jsem unavený; it is unavil jsem se or začal jsem být unavený. 'I got a coffee' (meaning I bought one) is usually koupil jsem si kávu.

Confusing Dostat and Brát
Dostat is passive (something is given to you), while brát (to take) is active. If you take a cookie from a plate, you berete it. If someone hands it to you, you dostanete it.

Špatně: Dostal jsem unavený. Správně: Unavil jsem se.

Another hurdle is the aspectual pair. Beginners often use dostávat when they should use dostat. Remember: dostat is for a one-time completed action. If you say 'Dostávám dopis', it sounds like you are in the middle of a slow-motion process of receiving it, or you receive it regularly. For a single event, 'Dostal jsem dopis' is the only correct choice.

While dostat is the most common way to say 'get', several other verbs offer more precision depending on the register and context. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a student relying on a single 'catch-all' verb.

Obdržet vs. Dostat
Obdržet is the formal sibling. You will see it in business letters or official documents. 'Obdrželi jsme vaši platbu' (We have received your payment) sounds professional, whereas 'Dostali jsme vaši platbu' is perfectly fine but more casual.
Získat vs. Dostat
Získat means 'to gain' or 'to acquire'. It implies more effort or a strategic process. You 'získáte' a degree or 'získáte' a new client, whereas you 'dostanete' a gift.

Místo 'dostat peníze' můžete v práci říct 'vydělat peníze' (to earn money).

Other specialized verbs include sehnat (to manage to get/procure something difficult to find), nabýt (to acquire, often used with property or knowledge), and chytit (to catch, used for physical objects or illnesses). Using sehnat instead of dostat when talking about finding a rare book or a ticket to a sold-out concert shows a high level of Czech proficiency.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word is related to 'stát' (to stand). In many Slavic languages, verbs for 'getting' are conceptually linked to 'standing' or 'becoming'.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈdostat/
US /ˈdoʊstæt/
Stress is always on the first syllable in Czech: DO-stat.
韻が合う語
zůstat přestat trestat vydat poslat poutat vítat motat
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing the 'o' like the 'u' in 'dust'.
  • Stress on the second syllable (do-STAT).
  • Softening the 't' at the end (dostať).
  • Elongating the 'a' (dostát - which is a different verb meaning 'to fulfill').
  • Swallowing the 's' in the cluster.

難易度

読解 1/5

Very easy to recognize as it appears in almost every text.

ライティング 2/5

Requires knowledge of the Accusative case for the object.

スピーキング 2/5

Easy to conjugate but requires distinguishing from 'dostávat'.

リスニング 1/5

Distinct sound, usually easy to pick out in conversation.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

stát být mít dát ten

次に学ぶ

dostávat získat obdržet sehnat brát

上級

vydobýt extrahovat inkasovat nabýt

知っておくべき文法

Perfective Aspect

Dostal jsem (I got - finished) vs Dostával jsem (I was getting - process).

Accusative Case

Dostal jsem knihu (knih-a becomes knih-u).

Reflexive Verbs

Dostat se (to get somewhere) vs Dostat (to receive something).

Preposition 'od'

Dostal jsem to od bratra (Genitive case).

Future Tense of Perfective Verbs

Dostanu (I will get) - no auxiliary 'budu' needed.

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レベル別の例文

1

Dostal jsem dárek.

I received a gift.

Past tense, masculine subject.

2

Dostala jsi ten dopis?

Did you get that letter?

Past tense, feminine subject, question.

3

Dostaneme kávu?

Will we get coffee?

Future tense (present form of perfective verb).

4

Dostal jsi pětku.

You got an F (grade 5).

In Czech schools, 5 is the worst grade.

5

Dostanu peníze.

I will get money.

Future meaning.

6

Dostala novou práci.

She got a new job.

Perfective aspect implies she already has it.

7

Dostali jsme kartu.

We got a card.

Plural subject.

8

Dostaneš to zítra.

You will get it tomorrow.

Future tense.

1

Dostal jsem rýmu.

I caught a cold.

Biological state.

2

Jak se dostanu na nádraží?

How do I get to the station?

Reflexive 'dostat se' for movement.

3

Dostal jsem hlad.

I got hungry.

Physiological change.

4

Dostali se do hotelu pozdě.

They got to the hotel late.

Reflexive past tense.

5

Dostal jsem to od kamaráda.

I got it from a friend.

Preposition 'od' + Genitive.

6

Dostaneš strach?

Will you get scared?

Emotional state.

7

Dostali jsme se na vrchol hory.

We reached the top of the mountain.

Achievement of destination.

8

Dostala jsem balík z Ameriky.

I got a package from America.

International source.

1

Dostal jsem skvělý nápad.

I got a great idea.

Abstract reception.

2

Dostala vynadáno za pozdní příchod.

She got a scolding for arriving late.

Passive-like construction.

3

Musíme se dostat k jádru problému.

We must get to the heart of the problem.

Figurative movement.

4

Dostal jsem šanci to opravit.

I got a chance to fix it.

Receiving an opportunity.

5

Dostali se do finančních potíží.

They got into financial difficulties.

Abstract state change.

6

Dostal jsem echo, že se něco děje.

I got a tip-off that something is happening.

Colloquial 'echo'.

7

Doufám, že se dostanu na univerzitu.

I hope I get into university.

Academic achievement.

8

Dostal jsem chuť na zmrzlinu.

I got a craving for ice cream.

Sudden urge.

1

Dostal košem od své přítelkyně.

He was rejected by his girlfriend.

Idiom 'dostat košem'.

2

Dostali jsme se do slepé uličky.

We reached a dead end.

Metaphorical standstill.

3

Dostal za vyučenou.

He learned his lesson (the hard way).

Idiom for receiving a lesson/punishment.

4

Jak ses k té informaci dostal?

How did you come across that information?

Inquiring about the source of knowledge.

5

Dostal jsem se k tomu až včera.

I only got around to it yesterday.

Time management context.

6

Dostal na frak v posledním zápase.

He got beaten soundly in the last match.

Colloquial idiom for defeat.

7

Dostal jsem se do úzkých.

I got into a tight spot.

Idiom for being in trouble.

8

Dostal se k moci nečekaně.

He came to power unexpectedly.

Political context.

1

Dostal se do křížku se zákonem.

He got into a brush with the law.

Formal/Idiomatic.

2

Dostal jsem se do stavu naprostého vyčerpání.

I reached a state of total exhaustion.

Describing extreme states.

3

Dostal se do popředí zájmu médií.

He came to the forefront of media interest.

Publicity context.

4

Dostal jsem se k lizu.

I got a piece of the action / a share of the profit.

Highly colloquial idiom.

5

Dostal se z toho nejhoršího.

He got over the worst of it.

Recovery context.

6

Dostal jsem se do rozporu se svými zásadami.

I came into conflict with my principles.

Internal conflict.

7

Dostal se pod palbu kritiky.

He came under fire from critics.

Metaphorical attack.

8

Dostal jsem se k tomu čirou náhodou.

I came upon it by pure chance.

Stumbling upon something.

1

Dostal se do análů historie.

He entered the annals of history.

Literary/Formal.

2

Dostal se do víru událostí.

He was caught up in the whirlwind of events.

Poetic metaphor.

3

Dostal se do slepého ramene řeky.

He ended up in a stagnant branch of the river.

Literal and figurative stagnation.

4

Dostal se do područí cizí mocnosti.

He fell under the dominion of a foreign power.

Archaic/Political.

5

Dostal se do křížové palby argumentů.

He was caught in the crossfire of arguments.

Intellectual conflict.

6

Dostal se do stavu beztíže.

He entered a state of weightlessness.

Scientific/Experiential.

7

Dostal se do osidel vášně.

He fell into the snares of passion.

Highly literary/Poetic.

8

Dostal se na scestí.

He went astray / lost his way in life.

Moral/Ethical metaphor.

よく使う組み合わせ

dostat dárek
dostat dopis
dostat strach
dostat hlad
dostat se domů
dostat šanci
dostat vynadáno
dostat rýmu
dostat rozum
dostat nápad

よく使うフレーズ

Dostal jsem to.

— I received it / I got it.

Dostal jsem to včera poštou.

Jak se tam dostanu?

— How do I get there?

Prosím vás, jak se dostanu na Václavské náměstí?

Dostal jsem chuť na...

— I got a craving for...

Dostal jsem chuť na pivo.

Dostal jsi echo?

— Did you get a tip-off?

Dostal jsi echo o té razii?

Dostat se do formy.

— To get into shape.

Chci se dostat do formy před létem.

Dostat se k moci.

— To come to power.

Strana se dostala k moci po volbách.

Dostat se z toho.

— To get over it / recover.

Byla to těžká nemoc, ale dostal se z toho.

Dostat se do řečí.

— To become the subject of gossip.

Nechci se dostat do řečí.

Dostat výpověď.

— To get fired / get a notice.

Dostal výpověď z práce.

Dostat se na řadu.

— To get one's turn.

Kdy se dostanu na řadu?

慣用句と表現

"dostat košem"

— To be rejected by a romantic interest.

Pozval ji na rande, ale dostal košem.

informal
"dostat za vyučenou"

— To learn a lesson through a painful or difficult experience.

Ten kluk dostal za vyučenou, když lhal.

neutral
"dostat se do úzkých"

— To find oneself in a difficult or tight situation.

Firma se dostala do úzkých kvůli dluhům.

neutral
"dostat na frak"

— To be defeated decisively, often in sports or competition.

Náš tým dostal na frak.

informal
"dostat se k lizu"

— To get a share of something profitable or desirable.

Každý se chce dostat k lizu, když jde o peníze.

slang
"dostat rozum"

— To start acting sensibly or maturely.

Doufám, že už konečně dostaneš rozum.

neutral
"dostat se pod čepec"

— To get married (specifically for women, slightly old-fashioned).

Kdy se konečně dostaneš pod čepec?

informal
"dostat se do křížku"

— To get into a conflict or fight with someone.

Dostal se do křížku se sousedem.

neutral
"dostat echo"

— To receive a secret signal or tip.

Dostal jsem echo, že policie už jede.

slang
"dostat se z bláta do louže"

— To go from bad to worse (from the mud into the puddle).

Změnil práci, ale dostal se z bláta do louže.

informal

文型パターン

A1

Subject + dostal + Accusative noun.

Petr dostal auto.

A1

Subject + dostal + Accusative noun + od + Genitive person.

Dostal jsem květiny od Marie.

A2

Jak se + dostanu + do/na + Genitive/Accusative place?

Jak se dostanu do kina?

A2

Subject + dostal + feeling.

Dostal jsem žízeň.

B1

Subject + se dostal + do + Genitive abstract noun.

Dostali se do problémů.

B2

Subject + dostal + passive participle.

Dostal vynadáno.

C1

Subject + se dostal + k + Dative abstract noun.

Dostal se k jádru věci.

C2

Subject + se dostal + do + Genitive poetic nou

語族

名詞

dotace
dostatek
nedostatek
dostupnost

動詞

dostávat
dostat se
přidat
podat
vydat

形容詞

dostatečný
dostupný
nedostupný
vydobytý

関連

stát
postavit
přestat
zůstat
vstát
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暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine you are 'standing' (stat) at the 'door' (do) waiting to receive a package. You are at the door to GET it: DO-STAT.

視覚的連想

Picture a large 'DO' (like a door) and someone 'STAT' (standing) behind it holding a gift box.

Word Web

dárek dopis hlad strach škola peníze práce cesta

チャレンジ

Try to use 'dostat' in three different ways today: once for a physical object, once for a feeling (like hunger), and once for getting somewhere.

語源

Derived from the Proto-Slavic *dostati, which is a compound of the prefix 'do-' (reaching/completing) and 'stati' (to stand).

元の意味： Originally meant 'to reach a standing position' or 'to stand until the end'.

Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavic > West Slavic > Czech.

文化的な背景

Be careful using 'dostat' in sexual contexts; like 'get' in English, it can be misinterpreted if used without clear context.

English speakers often over-use 'get'. In Czech, 'dostat' is more specific to receiving or reaching.

The song 'Dostal jsem nápad' by various artists. The movie title 'Jak se dostat do nebe' (How to get to heaven). Common phrase in fairy tales: 'Dostal půl království' (He got half the kingdom).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Birthdays

  • Dostal jsem hodinky.
  • Co jsi dostala?
  • Dostaneš dárek.
  • Dostali jsme dort.

Travel

  • Jak se tam dostanu?
  • Dostal se do Prahy.
  • Dostaneme se tam včas?
  • Dostali se na nádraží.

Health

  • Dostal jsem chřipku.
  • Dostal jsem rýmu.
  • Dostala jsem teplotu.
  • Dostaneš léky.

School

  • Dostal jsem jedničku.
  • Dostala pětku.
  • Dostaneme úkol.
  • Dostal jsem diplom.

Feelings

  • Dostal jsem hlad.
  • Dostal jsem strach.
  • Dostal jsem chuť.
  • Dostal jsem vztek.

会話のきっかけ

"Co jsi dostal k posledním narozeninám?"

"Jak se nejlépe dostanu z letiště do centra?"

"Už jsi někdy dostal dopis v láhvi?"

"Co bys chtěl dostat pod stromeček?"

"Dostal jsi se někdy do vážných problémů?"

日記のテーマ

Napiš o nejlepším dárku, který jsi kdy dostal a proč byl speciální.

Popiš cestu, jak ses dostal do svého současného bydliště.

Vzpomínáš si, kdy jsi naposledy dostal strach? Co se stalo?

Co bys chtěl v životě získat nebo dostat v příštím roce?

Napiš o situaci, kdy jsi dostal skvělý nápad.

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