At the A1 level, you usually learn the word ρούχο for 'clothes'. However, you might see ένδυμα on signs in Greece, especially in shopping areas. It simply means 'a piece of clothing'. It is a neuter noun: το ένδυμα. At this stage, just remember that it is a more formal way to say 'clothes'. You don't need to use it in daily conversation yet, but recognizing it on a store sign like 'Ανδρικά Ενδύματα' (Men's Clothes) is very helpful. Think of it like the word 'garment'. You know what it means in English, even if you usually just say 'clothes'.
At the A2 level, you should start to distinguish between formal and informal words. Ένδυμα is the formal word. You will see it in reading exercises about history or fashion. It is a neuter noun ending in -μα, which means it has a special plural: τα ενδύματα. You might use it when describing what someone is wearing in a formal picture. For example: 'Φοράει ένα όμορφο ένδυμα'. It is also useful for understanding the category 'Ένδυση' (Clothing) in shops. You should be able to decline it in simple sentences and understand that it refers to a specific item of clothing.
At the B1 level, you are expected to use ένδυμα in appropriate contexts, such as writing a formal email or a short essay about culture. You should understand that 'ένδυμα' is often used for historical or traditional clothing. For example, talking about 'παραδοσιακά ενδύματα' (traditional garments) is better than saying 'παραδοσιακά ρούχα' in an academic setting. You should also be comfortable with the genitive form του ενδύματος. You will encounter this word in news articles about the textile industry or in descriptions of museum exhibits. It helps you sound more sophisticated and precise in your descriptions.
At the B2 level, you should master the nuances between ένδυμα, ενδυμασία, and αμφίεση. You understand that ένδυμα refers to the physical garment itself. You can discuss the 'ποιότητα του ενδύματος' (quality of the garment) or 'προστατευτικά ενδύματα' (protective garments) in a professional context. You are also aware of fixed phrases like 'επίσημο ένδυμα' (formal attire) on invitations. Your vocabulary is rich enough to choose 'ένδυμα' when you want to sound objective, technical, or respectful of historical value. You can also handle the plural genitive των ενδυμάτων without hesitation.
At the C1 level, you recognize ένδυμα as a word with deep historical and literary roots. You can use it to discuss abstract concepts, such as 'το ένδυμα ως σύμβολο εξουσίας' (clothing as a symbol of power). You are familiar with its use in theological contexts (e.g., 'ιερατικά ενδύματα') and can appreciate how authors use the word to elevate the register of a text. You can differentiate between the commercial term 'έτοιμο ένδυμα' (ready-to-wear) and more poetic uses. Your understanding of the word is not just as a synonym for clothes, but as a term that carries cultural and historical weight.
At the C2 level, you have a complete command of ένδυμα and its entire word family. You can use it in highly specialized academic writing, such as archaeology or sociology papers. You understand the subtle irony if someone uses such a formal word in an informal setting. You are aware of its etymological connection to Ancient Greek and how that influences its modern usage. You can discuss the nuances of textile production, the semiotics of garments, and the legal definitions of apparel using this term. You are also familiar with rare or archaic uses of the word in classical literature and how it has evolved into the modern language.
ένδυμα 30秒で
- Ένδυμα means garment or article of clothing in Greek.
- It is a formal alternative to the common word 'ρούχο'.
- It is a neuter noun following the -μα, -ματος declension pattern.
- Commonly used in fashion, history, religion, and official contexts.
The Greek word ένδυμα (pronounced EN-dee-ma) is a neuter noun that translates primarily to 'garment' or 'article of clothing' in English. While the most common everyday word for clothes in Greek is ρούχο, ένδυμα carries a more formal, technical, or elevated tone. It is used to describe a specific piece of apparel, often with attention to its form, function, or historical significance. In modern Greek, you will encounter this word in contexts ranging from fashion industry reports and museum descriptions to religious texts and legal documents regarding trade and textiles.
- Register and Nuance
- Unlike the colloquial 'ρούχο', 'ένδυμα' suggests a level of sophistication or specific categorization. It is the term used in the 'Clothing and Footwear' sector (Ένδυση και Υπόδηση) of the economy.
Το αρχαίο ένδυμα φυλάσσεται σε ειδική προθήκη στο μουσείο.
In a sociological context, ένδυμα is used to discuss the cultural identity expressed through clothing. For instance, when discussing traditional Greek costumes, scholars often refer to the 'παραδοσιακό ένδυμα' of a specific region. It encompasses the entire concept of a garment as a constructed object, whereas 'ρούχο' is simply what you throw on to go to the store. If you are reading a high-end fashion magazine or a critique of a red carpet event, 'ένδυμα' will be the preferred term to describe the designer's creation.
- Historical Context
- The word derives from the Ancient Greek verb 'ενδύω', meaning to put on or to dress. This historical weight makes it the standard term in archaeology and art history.
Ο ιερέας φορούσε ένα πολυτελές ένδυμα κατά τη διάρκεια της λειτουργίας.
Furthermore, 'ένδυμα' is used in the plural, ενδύματα, to refer to a collection of clothes or a wardrobe in a formal sense. For example, 'τα ενδύματα της εποχής' (the garments of the era). It is a versatile word that, while formal, is essential for reaching an intermediate and advanced level of Greek, as it appears frequently in literature and professional discourse. Understanding the distinction between 'ένδυμα', 'ενδυμασία' (attire/costume), and 'ρούχο' (clothing) is key to mastering Greek vocabulary.
Using ένδυμα correctly requires an understanding of its neuter gender and its declension pattern, which follows the common third-declension pattern for nouns ending in -μα. In the singular, it is 'το ένδυμα', and in the plural, it becomes 'τα ενδύματα'. This word is most effective when you want to emphasize the quality, type, or specific nature of a piece of clothing.
- Descriptive Usage
- When describing a specific item with adjectives, 'ένδυμα' provides a formal structure. Example: 'επίσημο ένδυμα' (formal garment/attire).
Κάθε ένδυμα σε αυτή τη συλλογή είναι χειροποίητο.
In formal invitations, you might see the phrase 'ένδυμα περιπάτου' (casual/informal dress) or 'ένδυμα επίσημο' (formal dress). It is also used in the context of safety or professional uniforms. For instance, 'προστατευτικό ένδυμα' (protective garment) is the standard term used in workplace safety manuals. This highlights the word's utility in technical and official Greek.
Η ποιότητα του ενδύματος φαίνεται από το ύφασμα.
When talking about historical figures or religious icons, 'ένδυμα' is used to describe their robes or vestments. For example, 'το άρραφο ένδυμα του Χριστού' (the seamless garment of Christ) is a well-known theological and historical reference. In literature, authors use the word to create a specific atmosphere, often one of dignity or antiquity. It is rarely used for items like socks or underwear unless in a strictly technical sense (e.g., 'εσώρουχο ένδυμα').
- Plural Forms
- Use 'τα ενδύματα' when referring to clothes as a category of trade or historical artifacts. 'Εισαγωγή ενδυμάτων' (import of garments).
Τα ενδύματα της βασιλικής οικογένειας εκτίθενται στο παλάτι.
While you might not hear 'ένδυμα' at a casual coffee shop conversation between teenagers, it is omnipresent in other spheres of Greek life. If you turn on the evening news and there is a report on the retail sector, you will almost certainly hear the word ενδύματα. The phrase 'ένδυση και υπόδηση' (clothing and footwear) is the standard term for the apparel industry in financial reports and shopping mall directories.
- In Museums and Galleries
- Audio guides and exhibit placards in Greek museums use 'ένδυμα' to describe historical clothing. It sounds much more professional than 'ρούχο'.
Αυτό το ένδυμα χρονολογείται από τον 18ο αιώνα.
Another common place to hear this word is in a religious context. The Greek Orthodox Church has a very specific vocabulary for liturgical attire, and 'ένδυμα' (or the more specific 'άμφιο') is frequently used in sermons or descriptions of clerical dress. You might also hear it in high-end retail environments. A boutique salesperson might say, 'Αυτό το ένδυμα είναι από καθαρό μετάξι' (This garment is made of pure silk), to emphasize the luxury of the item.
Το ένδυμα εργασίας πρέπει να είναι ανθεκτικό.
In formal education, particularly in art or history classes, 'ένδυμα' is the technical term used to discuss the evolution of human dress. It is also used in legal texts, such as those defining what constitutes 'appropriate attire' in certain institutions. For example, a court might have rules regarding the 'ένδυμα' of lawyers and judges. Finally, in the world of theater and cinema, 'ένδυμα' is used when discussing the craftsmanship of the costume department, though 'κοστούμι' is also very common there.
- News and Media
- Economic news often discusses the 'κλάδος του ετοίμου ενδύματος' (ready-to-wear garment sector).
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using ένδυμα in a context that is too casual. If you tell a friend, 'Μου αρέσει το ένδυμά σου' (I like your garment), it sounds overly formal or even slightly robotic, similar to saying 'I admire your apparel' in English while hanging out at a park. In these cases, 'ρούχο' is much more natural.
- Confusing with 'Ενδυμασία'
- Learners often confuse 'ένδυμα' (a single item) with 'ενδυμασία' (the whole outfit or style of dress). 'Ένδυμα' is the object; 'ενδυμασία' is the concept or the ensemble.
Λάθος: Η παραδοσιακή ένδυμα της Κρήτης. Σωστό: Η παραδοσιακή ενδυμασία της Κρήτης.
Another common error involves the declension of the word. Because it ends in -μα, some learners treat it like a feminine noun (like 'μάμα') and forget the neuter article 'το' or the '-τος' ending in the genitive. It is crucial to remember that all Greek nouns ending in -μα with a neuter article follow the pattern of 'σώμα' (body), 'όνομα' (name), and 'ένδυμα' (garment).
There is also a tendency to confuse 'ένδυμα' with 'ένδυση'. 'Ένδυση' refers to the general act of dressing or the clothing industry as a whole (e.g., 'κατάστημα ένδυσης'). You cannot say 'αγόρασα μια ένδυση' (I bought a dressing); you must say 'αγόρασα ένα ένδυμα' (I bought a garment) or, more likely, 'αγόρασα ένα ρούχο'.
- Gender Confusion
- Never use 'ο ένδυμα' or 'η ένδυμα'. It is always 'το ένδυμα'. The neuter gender is strictly maintained.
Λάθος: Τα ενδύματες. Σωστό: Τα ενδύματα.
To truly understand ένδυμα, one must compare it to its synonyms and related terms. The most important alternative is ρούχο. While both mean clothing, the choice between them defines the tone of your speech. Think of 'ρούχο' as your everyday 'clothes' and 'ένδυμα' as a 'garment' or 'apparel'.
- Ένδυμα vs. Ρούχο
- Ένδυμα: Formal, technical, historical, singular item.
Ρούχο: Common, everyday, versatile, can refer to any clothing item.
Χρειάζομαι καινούρια ρούχα (everyday). Το τελετουργικό ένδυμα (formal).
Another related word is ενδυμασία. This refers to the total attire or a specific costume. For example, 'στρατιωτική ενδυμασία' (military attire) or 'θεατρική ενδυμασία' (theatrical costume). While an 'ένδυμα' is one piece (like a shirt), 'ενδυμασία' is the whole look. Then there is αμφίεση, which often implies a disguise or a very specific, perhaps unusual, way of dressing.
For liturgical or very formal robes, Greeks use the word άμφιο. This is specifically for priests. If you are talking about a uniform, you would use στολή. For example, 'σχολική στολή' (school uniform) or 'αστυνομική στολή' (police uniform). 'Ένδυμα' is too generic for a uniform, though a uniform is technically a type of 'ένδυμα'. Finally, φορεσιά is the term specifically used for traditional folk costumes, like the 'τσολιάς' outfit.
- Summary of Alternatives
- Ρούχο: Everyday clothing.
- Ενδυμασία: Attire/Costume/Ensemble.
- Στολή: Uniform.
- Φορεσιά: Traditional folk costume.
- Άμφιο: Clerical vestment.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'δ' as a hard 'd'. It should be 'th'.
- Stressing the second or third syllable.
- Pronouncing 'υ' as 'u' instead of '
レベル別の例文
Το ένδυμα είναι μπλε.
The garment is blue.
Simple subject-verb-adjective structure.
Ένα μεγάλο ένδυμα.
A large garment.
Neuter adjective matching the neuter noun.
Πού είναι το ένδυμα;
Where is the garment?
Question word with a neuter noun.
Το ένδυμα είναι καθαρό.
The garment is clean.
Predicate adjective 'καθαρό' is neuter.
Αυτό είναι ένα ένδυμα.
This is a garment.
Demonstrative pronoun 'Αυτό' matches 'ένδυμα'.
Το ένδυμα είναι στο κουτί.
The garment is in the box.
Prepositional phrase 'στο κουτί'.
Έχω ένα ένδυμα.
I have a garment.
Verb 'έχω' with an accusative object.
Το ένδυμα είναι καινούριο.
The garment is new.
Adjective 'καινούριο' is neuter.
Αυτό το ένδυμα είναι πολύ ακριβό.
This garment is very expensive.
Use of 'πολύ' with an adjective.
Τα ενδύματα είναι στην ντουλάπα.
The garments are in the closet.
Plural form 'ενδύματα'.
Θέλω ένα ζεστό ένδυμα για τον χειμώνα.
I want a warm garment for the winter.
Adjective 'ζεστό' and preposition 'για'.
Το ένδυμα του παιδιού είναι μικρό.
The child's garment is small.
Genitive case 'του παιδιού'.
Αυτά τα ενδύματα είναι από βαμβάκι.
These garments are made of cotton.
Preposition 'από' showing material.
Μου αρέσει το χρώμα του ενδύματος.
I like the color of the garment.
Genitive singular 'του ενδύματος'.
Πλένω το ένδυμα στο χέρι.
I wash the garment by hand.
Verb 'πλένω' and phrase 'στο χέρι'.
Το ένδυμα έχει μια τρύπα.
The garment has a hole.
Noun 'τρύπα' in the accusative.
Το παραδοσιακό ένδυμα της περιοχής είναι εντυπωσιακό.
The traditional garment of the region is impressive.
Adjective 'παραδοσιακό' and 'εντυπωσιακό'.
Η εταιρεία παράγει ποιοτικά ενδύματα.
The company produces quality garments.
Plural accusative 'ενδύματα'.
Πρέπει να φοράτε προστατευτικό ένδυμα στο εργοστάσιο.
You must wear protective clothing in the factory.
Modal verb 'πρέπει' followed by 'να'.
Το ένδυμα αυτό ανήκει στον περασμένο αιώνα.
This garment belongs to the past century.
Verb 'ανήκει' with the dative/prepositional 'στον'.
Η επιλογή του ενδύματος εξαρτάται από την περίσταση.
The choice of garment depends on the occasion.
Genitive 'του ενδύματος' and verb 'εξαρτάται'.
Τα ενδύματα αυτά είναι χειροποίητα.
These garments are handmade.
Plural adjective 'χειροποίητα'.
Το ένδυμα είχε χρυσά κεντήματα.
The garment had golden embroideries.
Imperfect tense 'είχε'.
Δεν βρήκα το κατάλληλο ένδυμα για τον γάμο.
I didn't find the suitable garment for the wedding.
Negative 'Δεν' and adjective 'κατάλληλο'.
Το επίσημο ένδυμα είναι υποχρεωτικό για τη δεξίωση.
Formal attire is mandatory for the reception.
Adjective 'υποχρεωτικό' meaning mandatory.
Η έκθεση παρουσιάζει ενδύματα από διάφορους πολιτισμούς.
The exhibition presents garments from various cultures.
Prepositional phrase 'από διάφορους πολιτισμούς'.
Η συντήρηση ενός αρχαίου ενδύματος απαιτεί προσοχή.
The conservation of an ancient garment requires care.
Genitive 'ενός αρχαίου ενδύματος'.
Το ένδυμα αντανακλά την κοινωνική θέση του ατόμου.
The garment reflects the social status of the individual.
Verb 'αντανακλά' (reflects).
Υπάρχει μεγάλη ζήτηση για οικολογικά ενδύματα.
There is a high demand for eco-friendly garments.
Noun 'ζήτηση' (demand).
Τα ενδύματα των ιερέων είναι συχνά πολύχρωμα.
The garments of the priests are often colorful.
Genitive plural 'των ιερέων'.
Το ένδυμα αυτό είναι κατασκευασμένο από συνθετικά υλικά.
This garment is made of synthetic materials.
Passive participle 'κατασκευασμένο'.
Η μόδα των ενδυμάτων αλλάζει συνεχώς.
The fashion of garments is constantly changing.
Genitive plural 'των ενδυμάτων'.
Το ένδυμα λειτουργεί ως μέσο επικοινωνίας και ταυτότητας.
The garment functions as a means of communication and identity.
Verb 'λειτουργεί' followed by 'ως'.
Η σημειολογία του ενδύματος είναι ένα σύνθετο πεδίο μελέτης.
The semiotics of the garment is a complex field of study.
Abstract noun 'σημειολογία'.
Το άρραφο ένδυμα του Χριστού αποτελεί θρησκευτικό κειμήλιο.
The seamless garment of Christ constitutes a religious relic.
Adjective 'άρραφο' (seamless).
Η βιομηχανία του ετοίμου ενδύματος αντιμετωπίζει κρίση.
The ready-to-wear garment industry is facing a crisis.
Compound term 'ετοίμου ενδύματος'.
Τα ενδύματα της αρχαιότητας διέφεραν ανάλογα με το φύλο.
The garments of antiquity differed according to gender.
Verb 'διέφεραν' in the past tense.
Η αισθητική του ενδύματος επηρεάζεται από την τέχνη.
The aesthetics of the garment are influenced by art.
Passive verb 'επηρεάζεται'.
Το ένδυμα μπορεί να υποδηλώνει πένθος ή χαρά.
The garment can denote mourning or joy.
Verb 'υποδηλώνει' (denote/imply).
Η μελέτη των ιστορικών ενδυμάτων αποκαλύπτει πολλά για την καθημερινότητα.
The study of historical garments reveals much about daily life.
Genitive plural 'των ιστορικών ενδυμάτων'.
Η οντολογική διάσταση του ενδύματος υπερβαίνει τη χρηστική του αξία.
The ontological dimension of the garment exceeds its utilitarian value.
Advanced vocabulary like 'οντολογική' and 'χρηστική'.
Το ένδυμα ως φαινόμενο κοινωνικής διαστρωμάτωσης είναι αναμφισβήτητο.
The garment as a phenomenon of social stratification is indisputable.
Complex noun phrase 'κοινωνικής διαστρωμάτωσης'.
Η υλικότητα του ενδύματος προσδίδει μια αίσθηση διαχρονικότητας.
The materiality of the garment confers a sense of timelessness.
Noun 'υλικότητα' (materiality).
Ο σχεδιαστής πειραματίζεται με τον όγκο και τη δομή του ενδύματος.
The designer experiments with the volume and structure of the garment.
Verbs of experimentation.
Η ενδυματολογική προσέγγιση του έργου επικεντρώνεται στο ένδυμα.
The costumological approach of the work focuses on the garment.
Adjective 'ενδυματολογική'.
Το ένδυμα αποτελεί το όριο μεταξύ του σώματος και του περιβάλλοντος.
The garment constitutes the boundary between the body and the environment.
Philosophical sentence structure.
Η αποδόμηση του κλασικού ενδύματος είναι τάση της σύγχρονης μόδας.
The deconstruction of the classic garment is a trend in modern fashion.
Noun 'αποδόμηση' (deconstruction).
Η σημειωτική ανάλυση των ενδυμάτων προσφέρει νέες ερμηνείες.
The semiotic analysis of garments offers new interpretations.
Scientific/Academic tone.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
Ένδυμα περιπάτου
Κλάδος ενδύματος
Ποιότητα ενδύματος
Βιοτεχνία ενδυμάτων
Εισαγωγή ενδυμάτων
Σχεδιασμός ενδύματος
Συντήρηση ενδυμάτων
Εμπορία ενδυμάτων
Εθνικό ένδυμα
Καθημερινό ένδυμα
慣用句と表現
"Τα ράσα δεν κάνουν τον παπά"
The clothes don't make the man (literally: the robes don't make the priest). While it uses 'ράσα', it relates to the concept of 'ένδυμα'.
Μην τον κρίνεις από την εμφάνιση· τα ράσα δεν κάνουν τον παπά.
popular"Αλλάζω σαν τα πουκάμισα"
To change (opinions or partners) very frequently, like changing shirts.
Αλλάζει γνώμη σαν τα πουκάμισα.
informal"Βγάζω το ένδυμα"
Metaphorically, to shed a role or a persona (literary).
Έβγαλε το ένδυμα του σκληρού και έκλαψε.
literary"Φέρω το ένδυμα"
To wear a garment, but often used to mean 'bearing the responsibility' of a role.
Φέρει το ένδυμα του δικαστή με αξιοπρέπεια.
formal"Ενδύομαι την ισχύ"
To clothe oneself in power (biblical/literary).
Ενδύθηκε την ισχύ του αξιώματός του.
archaic"Του πάει γάντι"
It fits him like a glove (referring to clothing).
Αυτό το ένδυμα του πάει γάντι.
neutral"Με την ψυχή στο στόμα"
With one's soul in one's mouth (to be exhausted), often after running so fast your 'ένδυμα' is messy.
Έφτασε με την ψυχή στο στόμα.
informal"Κάνω το κομμάτι μου"
To show off, often by wearing fancy garments.
Φόρεσε το ακριβό ένδυμα για να κάνει το κομμάτι του.
informal"Σκίζω τα ιμάτιά μου"
To tear one's garments (to be in great distress or to protest vehemently).
Σκίζει τα ιμάτιά του ότι είναι αθώος.
literary/biblical"Το άρραφο ένδυμα"
Something unified and indivisible (metaphor from Christ's garment).
Η ενότητα του κόμματος είναι ένα άρραφο ένδυμα.
formalSummary
The word <span class='font-bold'>ένδυμα</span> is your 'elevated' term for clothing. Use it when you want to sound professional, discuss historical artifacts, or refer to specific apparel in a technical way. For example: <span class='italic'>'Το επίσημο ένδυμα'</span> (formal attire).
- Ένδυμα means garment or article of clothing in Greek.
- It is a formal alternative to the common word 'ρούχο'.
- It is a neuter noun following the -μα, -ματος declension pattern.
- Commonly used in fashion, history, religion, and official contexts.
