Imagine a very thin person. You can see their bones a little bit under their skin. When you can see bones like that, we say they are bony. It's like when you can feel a dog's ribs easily. Sometimes, it can also mean something looks or feels like a bone.
When we say someone is bony, it means they are very thin. You might even be able to see or feel their bones. For example, a very thin person might have bony fingers. Sometimes, it can also describe something that looks like it's made of bone.
When we say someone is bony, it means they are very thin. You might even be able to see or feel their bones under their skin.
For example, if someone has bony fingers, their fingers are thin and you can easily see the knuckle bones.
We can also use bony to describe something that looks like it's made of bone, or is related to bones.
Think about a very thin dog; you might say it looks bony because you can see its ribs.
When we describe someone as bony at the C1 level, we are referring to a notable leanness where the skeletal structure is distinctly visible or palpable beneath the skin. This adjective goes beyond simply being thin; it emphasizes the prominence of the bones themselves.
It can also extend to objects or parts that are literally composed of bone or bear a strong resemblance to bone in their structure or texture. For instance, an anatomist might refer to a particular skeletal feature as bony. Understanding this term at C1 involves appreciating its nuanced application to both human physique and anatomical description, highlighting a marked skeletal definition rather than general slimness.
bony 30秒で
- Very thin, showing bones.
- Made of or resembling bone.
- Used for people, body parts, or biological structures.
§ Understanding 'Bony'
The adjective bony is used to describe something or someone that is notably thin, to the extent that bones are easily visible or felt beneath the skin. It evokes an image of leanness, often suggesting a lack of flesh or muscle. While it can sometimes be used in a neutral descriptive sense, it often carries connotations, which can range from slightly negative (suggesting frailty or emaciation) to purely anatomical or scientific, depending on the context.
- DEFINITION
- Very thin, so that the bones show through the skin; also, made of or resembling bone.
§ Describing People and Animals
When applied to people or animals, bony typically refers to a slender physique where the bone structure is prominent. This could be due to a naturally lean build, illness, or insufficient nutrition. It's often used to describe specific body parts like bony fingers, elbows, or knees.
After weeks of illness, his face had become quite bony.
The old dog was quite bony, with his ribs easily visible beneath his fur.
The word can sometimes carry a slightly negative or pitiable tone when describing someone's physical state, implying a lack of health or vitality. However, it can also be a neutral descriptor in contexts like fashion, where a slender, almost skeletal look might be intended.
§ Anatomical and Biological Contexts
In anatomical and biological discussions, bony takes on a more literal and neutral meaning. It describes anything that is composed of or resembles bone. This can refer to structures within the body or even external features in some animal species.
The shark has a cartilaginous skeleton, not a bony one like most fish.
Many deep-sea fish have bony plates for protection.
Here, the term is purely descriptive, indicating the material composition or appearance, without any implication of health or aesthetic judgment.
§ Figurative and Other Uses
While less common, bony can occasionally be used figuratively to describe things that are hard, stark, or lacking in softness or embellishment, much like a bare bone. However, these uses are generally rare compared to its primary meanings.
- When describing people or animals, it implies thinness where bones are visible or prominent.
- In biology, it refers to structures made of or resembling bone.
- It can sometimes carry a connotation of frailty or emaciation, but can also be a neutral descriptor.
Understanding these different applications helps in correctly interpreting and using the word bony in various situations.
§ "Bony" in Everyday Conversation and Descriptive Language
The word "bony" is quite versatile and you'll encounter it in various contexts, from casual conversations to more formal settings like news reports or academic discussions. Its primary use describes a physical characteristic – thinness – but it also extends to objects resembling bone. Understanding these nuances will help you grasp its meaning more deeply.
§ At Work: Describing Physical Characteristics
In a professional setting, especially in fields like healthcare, fashion, or even veterinary science, "bony" can be used as a descriptive term. For instance, a doctor might describe a patient's frame, or a fashion designer might use it to talk about a model's silhouette. It's generally a factual observation.
The veterinarian noted the cat's bony appearance, suggesting a need for increased nutrition.
During the medical examination, the doctor observed the patient's bony hands, a common sign in elderly individuals.
- Usage Note
- In professional settings, particularly in medical or scientific contexts, "bony" is used objectively to describe physical attributes or structures. It's important to maintain a neutral tone, as in other contexts, it can carry a slight negative connotation if used inappropriately.
§ At School: Literature and Science
In an academic environment, you'll encounter "bony" in a couple of key areas:
- Literature: Authors often use "bony" to create vivid imagery, describing characters or settings. It can evoke a sense of frailty, age, or even starkness. For example, a character might have "bony fingers" or describe a "bony landscape."
- Biology/Anatomy: In science classes, especially biology or anatomy, "bony" is used precisely to refer to things made of or resembling bone. You might discuss "bony fish" or the "bony structure" of a skeleton.
The old man's bony hand trembled as he reached for the teacup, a detail that added to his frail portrayal in the novel.
Students in the biology class studied the intricate bony structure of the human skull, understanding its protective function.
- Literary Device
- In literature, "bony" can be a powerful descriptive adjective to convey character traits or atmosphere. It often implies a lack of flesh or softness, suggesting hardship, age, or even a gaunt beauty.
§ In the News: Reporting on Health and Conditions
News articles, particularly those focusing on health, humanitarian crises, or even wildlife, might use "bony" to describe individuals or animals affected by malnutrition or certain medical conditions. It helps convey the severity of a situation without being overly graphic.
Reports from the affected region highlighted the plight of children, many with bony limbs, suffering from severe food shortages.
Conservationists expressed concern over the bony frames of the wild horses, indicating a harsh winter and lack of forage.
§ Other Everyday Uses
Beyond these specific environments, you'll hear "bony" in general conversation to describe:
- Food: Especially in cooking, referring to cuts of meat that have a lot of bone and not much flesh.
- Objects: Anything that is stark, skeletal, or resembles the hard, unyielding nature of bone.
My grandmother always preferred the bony parts of the chicken for making soup, claiming they had more flavor.
The ancient, gnarled tree, with its bony branches, cast long shadows in the twilight.
As you can see, "bony" is a descriptive word with various applications, depending on the context. Paying attention to these different uses will enhance your vocabulary and comprehension skills.
§ Common Misinterpretations and Misuses of "Bony"
The word "bony" might seem straightforward, but its nuances and connotations often lead to common mistakes. Understanding these pitfalls can help you use the word more precisely and avoid unintended implications.
§ Mistake 1: Confusing "Bony" with Simply "Thin" or "Skinny"
While a bony person is undoubtedly thin, "bony" specifically emphasizes the protrusion or visibility of bones due to a lack of flesh. It's more descriptive than a general term like "thin" or "skinny."
- Incorrect Usage
- She was so bony that she couldn't fit into her old clothes.
This sentence implies a lack of size, but "bony" doesn't directly relate to clothing size in this way. A better choice would be "thin" or "skinny."
- Correct Usage
- After her illness, her face looked quite bony, with her cheekbones clearly visible.
The refugee was bony from malnutrition, his ribs showing through his tattered shirt.
§ Mistake 2: Using "Bony" in a Positive or Neutral Connotation for Appearance
While not always negative, "bony" often carries a connotation of being unhealthily thin or gaunt, especially when describing a person. It's rarely used to describe an attractive physique.
- Incorrect Usage
- She had a beautiful bony frame, perfect for a model.
While models are often thin, "bony" suggests a degree of thinness that might be perceived as extreme or unhealthy, which isn't typically considered a "beautiful" attribute in this context. Words like "slender" or "willowy" would be more appropriate.
- Correct Usage
- The elderly man's bony hands trembled as he reached for his cane.
The rescued dog was bony and weak, a clear sign of prolonged neglect.
§ Mistake 3: Overusing "Bony" when Other Descriptors are More Apt
Sometimes, "bony" is used simply to mean "has bones" or to describe something with a bone-like texture, when more precise adjectives exist.
- Incorrect Usage
- The bony structure of the ancient dinosaur was impressive.
While technically correct, "skeletal structure" or "bone structure" would be more common and precise in a scientific or archaeological context. "Bony" in this instance can sound a bit informal.
- Correct Usage
- The fish stew had a few bony pieces that made it difficult to eat.
He tried to carve the tough meat off the bony joint.
§ Mistake 4: Using "Bony" to Describe Animals that are Naturally Lean
While an emaciated animal can be described as bony, it's generally not used for animals that are naturally lean or muscular. For example, a greyhound is slender, not typically described as bony, unless it's in poor health.
- Incorrect Usage
- The bony greyhound raced across the field.
Greyhounds are naturally built to be lean and show their muscle definition, but "bony" would suggest an unhealthy state rather than their athletic build.
- Correct Usage
- The starving stray cat was bony, with its ribs clearly visible.
The horse was old and bony, its once muscular flanks now sunken.
§ General Advice for Using "Bony"
Consider the Implication: "Bony" often carries a slightly negative or concerning undertone when describing a person's physique, suggesting frailty, illness, or extreme thinness.
Be Specific: Use it when you specifically want to highlight the visibility or protrusion of bones.
Explore Synonyms: Depending on the context, consider alternatives like "gaunt," "emaciated," "skeletal," "lean," "slender," or simply "thin" if the emphasis on bone is not paramount.
Distinguish from "Bone-like": While "bony" can mean resembling bone, often clearer terms like "osseous" or "bone-like texture" might be more precise in scientific contexts.
By being mindful of these common mistakes, you can use "bony" with greater accuracy and impact, ensuring your communication is clear and conveys the intended meaning without ambiguity.
§ Understanding 'Bony' and its Alternatives
The word 'bony' is a descriptive adjective primarily used to highlight thinness, where bones are visibly prominent or easily felt. It can also describe something made of or resembling bone. However, English offers a rich vocabulary for describing various degrees and types of thinness, each carrying slightly different connotations. Choosing the right synonym depends on the specific nuance you wish to convey.
- DEFINITION
- Describes someone or a part of the body that is very thin, allowing the underlying bone structure to be seen or felt. It also refers to anything made of or resembling bone, particularly in biological or anatomical contexts.
§ Direct Synonyms and Their Usage
When you want to convey the idea of visible or prominent bones due to a lack of flesh, several words come to mind, but each has a slightly different shade of meaning.
- Skeletal: This word is very close in meaning to 'bony,' often implying an even more extreme thinness, to the point of appearing like a skeleton. It can carry a more negative or even grim connotation.
After weeks of illness, the once vibrant dog looked almost skeletal.
- Gaunt: This term suggests a thin and haggard appearance, often resulting from suffering, hunger, or old age. It emphasizes a worn or drawn look.
The prisoner's face was gaunt from lack of food and sleep.
- Emaciated: This is a stronger term, indicating an extreme and unhealthy thinness, typically caused by severe illness or starvation. It implies a wasted state.
Aid workers found the drought victims to be severely emaciated.
§ Related Words with Different Connotations
While these words also describe thinness, they do not necessarily imply visible bones as strongly as 'bony' does.
- Thin: This is a general and neutral term for lacking flesh or bulk. It doesn't carry the same strong implication of bones being visible.
She's always been naturally thin, even with a healthy appetite.
- Skinny: Often used informally, 'skinny' can be neutral or carry a slightly negative connotation, suggesting someone is unhealthily or excessively thin.
He used to be quite skinny in high school, but he's bulked up since.
- Lean: This word suggests a healthy thinness, often associated with muscularity and a lack of excess fat. It typically has a positive connotation.
The marathon runner had a lean and athletic physique.
- Scrawny: This implies an unpleasantly thin or weak appearance, often with a sense of being underdeveloped or underfed. It's usually negative.
The stray cat was scrawny and clearly needed a good meal.
§ When to Use 'Bony'
Use 'bony' when the most striking characteristic of a person or a body part's thinness is the visible or palpable presence of bones. It's a precise word for a specific visual or tactile experience.
- To describe visible bone structure: When you can see ribs, collarbones, or hip bones protruding.
Her shoulders were sharp and bony under her thin dress.
- To describe hands, fingers, or joints: These are common areas where bone prominence is noted.
He extended a long, bony finger to point at the map.
- In anatomical or biological descriptions: When referring to structures made of or resembling bone.
The paleontologist examined the bony plates of the dinosaur's armor.
While 'bony' can sometimes carry a negative implication of unhealthy thinness, it is often more neutral than words like 'emaciated' or 'scrawny,' focusing primarily on the physical characteristic rather than the cause or broader health implications.
How Formal Is It?
"The prolonged famine left the population in an emaciated state, their bones starkly visible beneath their skin."
"After her illness, she became quite thin, and you could see the shape of her shoulders."
"He's always been a bit skinny, you know, like a beanpole."
"The scrawny kitten looked like it needed a good meal to fill out its little bones."
"Dude, after that diet, he was looking totally skeletal."
豆知識
The word 'bone' itself comes from Proto-Germanic '*bainą', and has cognates in other Germanic languages like German 'Bein' (leg/bone) and Dutch 'been' (leg/bone).
難易度
The word is short and common, making it relatively easy to read. However, the definition provided is a bit long and complex, which could slightly increase the reading difficulty for a CEFR B2 learner. The core meaning is straightforward, but the nuances about 'made of or resembling bone' add a layer of complexity.
The word itself is short and phonetically regular, making it easy to spell and write. The challenge at B2 level would likely come from accurately using it in various contexts as per its definition, especially distinguishing between its literal and figurative uses.
The word 'bony' has two syllables and a common pronunciation pattern, making it easy to pronounce. There are no tricky sounds or uncommon stress patterns.
The word is phonetically clear and distinct, making it easy to recognize in spoken English. Its common usage in descriptive contexts also aids comprehension.
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Adjective placement: Adjectives like 'bony' typically come before the noun they modify (attributive position) or after a linking verb (predicative position).
She has bony fingers. (attributive) / His face was bony. (predicative)
Comparatives and superlatives: 'Bony' can form comparatives and superlatives using 'more/most' or by adding '-er/-est' for certain informal contexts, though 'more/most bony' is generally preferred.
He looked more bony after his illness. / She had the boniest wrists I'd ever seen.
Contextual usage: The meaning of 'bony' can shift slightly based on context. When describing a person or animal, it often implies thinness. When describing an object, it means made of or resembling bone.
The bony hand reached out. (thin) / The paleontologist studied the bony fragments. (made of bone)
Synonyms and nuances: 'Bony' often carries a connotation of being unhealthily thin or gaunt. Differentiating it from synonyms like 'thin,' 'skeletal,' or 'emaciated' based on context and desired nuance is important.
She was thin, but not bony. (implies a distinction in degree of thinness)
Part of speech identification: Recognizing 'bony' as an adjective is crucial for correct sentence construction, as it modifies nouns and pronouns.
The bony structure of the fish was visible. (modifies 'structure')
レベル別の例文
The old dog was very bony.
El perro viejo estaba muy huesudo.
Simple past tense.
I could see his bony fingers.
Pude ver sus dedos huesudos.
Simple past tense.
She has bony knees.
Ella tiene rodillas huesudas.
Simple present tense.
His face looked bony and tired.
Su cara se veía huesuda y cansada.
Simple past tense.
The fish has many bony parts.
El pescado tiene muchas partes huesudas.
Simple present tense.
Her arm was bony and thin.
Su brazo era huesudo y delgado.
Simple past tense.
The bird's legs are very bony.
Las patas del pájaro son muy huesudas.
Simple present tense.
He felt the bony part of her hand.
Sintió la parte huesuda de su mano.
Simple past tense.
The stray dog was so bony that every rib was visible beneath its matted fur.
El perro callejero estaba tan huesudo que cada costilla era visible debajo de su pelaje enmarañado.
Describes a physical state.
Her bony fingers trembled slightly as she reached for the teacup.
Sus dedos huesudos temblaron ligeramente mientras alcanzaba la taza de té.
Modifies a body part.
He had a long, bony face with sharp features that gave him a rather gaunt appearance.
Tenía un rostro largo y huesudo con rasgos afilados que le daban una apariencia bastante demacrada.
Describes a physical characteristic.
After weeks of illness, he became quite bony, losing a significant amount of weight.
Después de semanas de enfermedad, se puso bastante huesudo, perdiendo una cantidad significativa de peso.
Indicates a change in physical condition.
The old woman's bony knees cracked audibly as she knelt to tend her garden.
Las rodillas huesudas de la anciana crujieron audiblemente mientras se arrodillaba para cuidar su jardín.
Describes a physical characteristic and implies age/thinness.
Paleontologists study bony structures to understand the evolution of ancient creatures.
Los paleontólogos estudian las estructuras óseas para comprender la evolución de las criaturas antiguas.
Refers to things made of bone, scientific context.
The bony plates of the stegosaurus provided a formidable defense against predators.
Las placas óseas del estegosaurio proporcionaban una defensa formidable contra los depredadores.
Describes a part of an animal's anatomy, biological context.
Beneath the thin soil, they discovered a bony fragment, suggesting the presence of prehistoric life.
Debajo de la tierra delgada, descubrieron un fragmento óseo, lo que sugiere la presencia de vida prehistórica.
Refers to a piece of bone, archaeological context.
Despite his hearty appetite, John remained bony, a testament to his incredibly fast metabolism.
Despite eating a lot, John stayed very thin because he had a fast metabolism.
Here, 'bony' describes John's physical build.
The sculptor meticulously carved the bony contours of the skeletal hand, aiming for anatomical precision.
The sculptor carefully carved the thin, bone-like shapes of the hand's skeleton to be anatomically correct.
In this context, 'bony' refers to something resembling bone.
Her illness left her looking gaunt and bony, a stark contrast to her once robust physique.
Her sickness made her look very thin and skeletal, very different from how strong she used to be.
'Bony' emphasizes the extreme thinness caused by the illness.
The paleontologist carefully extracted the bony fragments from the fossilized remains, hoping to reconstruct the ancient creature.
The scientist who studies fossils carefully took out the small bone pieces from the fossil to try and put together the old creature.
Here, 'bony' directly describes fragments made of bone.
He felt the bony protrusion of his elbow as he leaned against the hard surface, a reminder of his recent weight loss.
He felt his elbow bone sticking out when he leaned on the hard surface, showing he had lost weight recently.
'Bony protrusion' refers to a bone that sticks out.
The artist used a fine brush to highlight the bony structure of the elderly woman's face, emphasizing her wisdom and age.
The artist used a small brush to show the bone structure of the old woman's face, making her look wise and old.
'Bony structure' refers to the underlying skeletal framework.
Even after a month of recovery, the rescued dog was still incredibly bony, requiring a specialized diet to regain its strength.
Even after recovering for a month, the rescued dog was still very thin, needing a special diet to get strong again.
'Bony' describes the dog's emaciated condition.
The thorny plant had bony branches that seemed to scratch at the sky, a stark image against the barren landscape.
The prickly plant had thin, bone-like branches that looked like they were scratching the sky, a sharp image in the empty land.
In this figurative use, 'bony' describes the branches as thin and stark, like bones.
Despite his opulent lifestyle, years of ascetic practices had left him with a gaunt, almost bony, physique that belied his true age.
Despite his luxurious lifestyle, years of self-discipline had made him very thin, almost showing his bones, which made him look younger than he was.
The adjective 'bony' is used here to describe a 'physique', indicating extreme thinness. 'Gaunt' is a strong synonym.
The ancient sarcophagus contained a few brittle, bony fragments, all that remained of the once-mighty pharaoh.
The old coffin held a few fragile, bone-like pieces, which were all that was left of the powerful pharaoh.
'Bony' describes 'fragments', highlighting their bone-like composition and fragility.
Her skeletal fingers, bony and elongated, traced the delicate patterns on the antique lace, a stark contrast to the vibrancy of her eyes.
Her very thin fingers, showing bones and long, gently touched the fine designs on the old lace, looking very different from her lively eyes.
'Bony' modifies 'fingers', emphasizing their thinness and visible bone structure. 'Skeletal' reinforces this image.
The paleontologist carefully unearthed a series of bony plates, piecing together the armor of an extinct stegosaurus.
The scientist who studies fossils carefully dug up several bone-like plates, putting together the armor of a dinosaur that no longer exists.
Here, 'bony' describes 'plates', referring to their material composition (bone) and forming part of a technical description.
He possessed a sharp, bony intellect, capable of dissecting complex philosophical arguments with surgical precision.
He had a very sharp, precise mind, able to break down difficult philosophical ideas with extreme accuracy.
This is a figurative use of 'bony', implying a lean, incisive, and unadorned quality of intellect, rather than physical description.
The starving dog, all ribs and bony angles, huddled against the cold, its eyes pleading for a scrap of sustenance.
The very hungry dog, with all its ribs and sharp bone shapes showing, curled up against the cold, its eyes begging for a bit of food.
The phrase 'bony angles' vividly describes the dog's emaciated state, using 'bony' to highlight the protruding bone structure.
A peculiar bony growth protruded from the ancient tree's trunk, resembling a petrified hand reaching towards the sky.
A strange bone-like lump stuck out from the old tree's trunk, looking like a hand turned to stone reaching up to the sky.
'Bony growth' refers to a hardened, bone-like protuberance, using 'bony' in a descriptive, almost metaphorical sense.
Despite his apparent frailty, the old man's grip was surprisingly strong, his bony knuckles white against the dark wood of his cane.
Even though he seemed weak, the old man's hold was surprisingly firm, his knuckles, where the bones showed, were white against his dark wooden cane.
'Bony knuckles' is a direct physical description, emphasizing the prominent bone structure due to thinness or age.
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
He was so thin, his bony knees stuck out.
Był tak chudy, że jego kościste kolana wystawały.
She had bony fingers that grasped the railing tightly.
Miała kościste palce, które mocno ściskały poręcz.
The old woman's bony hand trembled as she reached for the cup.
Koścista dłoń staruszki drżała, gdy sięgała po filiżankę.
You could see every bony knob on his spine.
Widać było każdą kostną wypukłość na jego kręgosłupie.
The surgeon examined the bony structure of the skull.
Chirurg zbadał strukturę kostną czaszki.
Many bony fish inhabit this freshwater lake.
Wiele ryb kostnoszkieletowych zamieszkuje to słodkowodne jezioro.
He pointed with a bony finger towards the door.
Wskazał kościstym palcem na drzwi.
Her face was thin and bony after her long illness.
Jej twarz była chuda i koścista po długiej chorobie.
The bony projections on the dinosaur's back were intimidating.
Kostne wypustki na grzbiecie dinozaura były odstraszające.
We could feel the bony ridges of his ribs through his shirt.
Przez jego koszulę czuliśmy kostne grzbiety jego żeber.
よく混同される語
While occasionally used, 'boney' is generally considered an informal or archaic alternative spelling of 'bony' and is less common in standard English.
This is a descriptive phrase that means 'resembling bone,' similar to one of the definitions of 'bony,' but 'bony' is a single adjective.
This is a more technical or medical term meaning 'composed of or resembling bone,' often used in anatomical or biological contexts, whereas 'bony' is more common in everyday language.
文法パターン
慣用句と表現
"To the bone"
To an extreme or absolute degree; thoroughly or completely.
The cold wind chilled me to the bone.
neutral"Bone of contention"
A subject or issue over which there is continuing disagreement.
The division of assets became a real bone of contention during the divorce proceedings.
neutral"Have a bone to pick with someone"
To have a grievance or complaint to discuss with someone.
I have a bone to pick with you about how you handled that project.
informal"Work one's fingers to the bone"
To work extremely hard, often to the point of exhaustion.
She worked her fingers to the bone to provide for her family.
informal"Bone dry"
Completely dry; without any moisture.
After a week in the desert, the riverbed was bone dry.
neutral"Close to the bone"
Uncomfortably close to the truth or reality; deeply personal or sensitive.
His jokes were a bit too close to the bone for some people in the audience.
neutral"Make no bones about something"
To be direct and open about something; to speak plainly and frankly.
He made no bones about his dislike for the new policy.
neutral"In one's bones"
Deeply felt or intuitively known; instinctively.
I knew in my bones that something was wrong.
informal"Chilled to the bone"
Feeling extremely cold.
After falling into the icy lake, he was chilled to the bone.
neutral"A bone of contention among"
A subject of disagreement among a group of people.
The new zoning laws have become a bone of contention among local residents.
neutral間違えやすい
Can be confused with 'boney' due to similar pronunciation and spelling, but 'boney' is typically a less formal, informal, or archaic variant.
'Bony' is the standard and widely accepted spelling in modern English. 'Boney' is generally considered non-standard or informal.
The rescue dog was bony, with its ribs clearly visible.
Both describe thinness, but 'skinny' can sometimes carry a more negative or judgmental connotation, implying a lack of healthy weight.
'Bony' specifically refers to visible or palpable bones due to thinness, often in a neutral or clinical sense. 'Skinny' is a more general term for being thin, which can sometimes be used admiringly but can also be critical.
He had skinny legs from years of running.
Both describe extreme thinness, but 'emaciated' implies a more severe and unhealthy degree of thinness, often due to illness or starvation.
'Bony' can describe natural thinness where bones are prominent. 'Emaciated' suggests a pathological state of extreme weight loss and weakness, often associated with suffering.
The emaciated prisoner was barely able to stand.
Both relate to bones. 'Skeletal' can be confused as a synonym for 'bony' when describing a thin person, but 'skeletal' has a broader meaning.
'Bony' describes a person or body part that is thin with prominent bones. 'Skeletal' can mean 'related to the skeleton' or 'reduced to a mere framework,' not always implying thinness in the same way 'bony' does.
The skeletal remains of an ancient creature were found in the cave.
Both describe a thin appearance, but 'gaunt' often implies a more hollowed-out or haggard look, usually from hunger, illness, or age.
'Bony' specifically points to the prominence of bones. 'Gaunt' describes a generally thin, often drawn, and unhealthy appearance, which might include prominent bones but also hollow cheeks and sunken eyes.
After weeks of illness, his face looked gaunt and pale.
文型パターン
A person or animal is bony.
The rescued dog was bony, its ribs clearly visible beneath its matted fur.
A part of the body is bony.
Her bony fingers clutched the railing, white-knuckled with effort.
Something is described as having a bony structure/appearance.
The ancient tree's bony branches clawed at the sky.
Someone or something has bony features (e.g., face, hands).
He had a bony face with sharp, angular features.
To look/feel bony.
After a long illness, she looked quite bony.
To be bony from [cause].
He was bony from weeks of inadequate food.
A bony [noun] (referring to something made of or resembling bone).
The paleontologist unearthed a bony fragment from the dinosaur's skeleton.
The [adjective] effect of bony [noun].
The stark, bony silhouette of the winter trees created a haunting landscape.
使い方
When describing a person or animal, "bony" often carries a connotation of being unhealthily thin or emaciated. For example, 'The stray dog was bony and covered in fleas.' It can also be used more neutrally to describe a physical characteristic, such as 'He had bony fingers, long and delicate.' In anatomical contexts, it directly refers to bone, as in 'The bony structure of the skull protects the brain.'
A common mistake is confusing "bony" with "bonny." Bonny is an adjective, primarily used in British English, meaning attractive, pretty, or healthy-looking. It's often used endearingly, especially for children or animals. For example, 'What a bonny baby!' Using 'bony' in this context would be incorrect and would completely change the meaning to describe a thin or emaciated baby. Another mistake is using 'bony' when a more neutral term like 'thin' or 'slender' might be more appropriate if the intent is not to emphasize the prominent bone structure or a negative connotation of being underweight. For instance, while someone can have 'bony arms,' if you just want to say their arms are not thick, 'thin arms' might be a better choice depending on the context and desired nuance.
ヒント
Visualize it!
When you encounter 'bony', try to picture someone very thin, like a marathon runner, or a skeletal hand. Visual associations help memory.
Connect to common phrases
Think of phrases like 'bony fingers' or 'a bony elbow' to understand its common usage in describing human anatomy.
Compare with synonyms
Consider synonyms like 'thin', 'gaunt', or 'skeletal'. How is 'bony' slightly different? It emphasizes the visible bone structure.
Practice in sentences
Create your own sentences using 'bony'. For example, 'The old dog was very bony after its illness.' This helps solidify understanding.
Avoid confusion with 'bone'
Remember 'bony' is an adjective, meaning 'like bone' or 'very thin showing bones', while 'bone' is the noun, referring to the hard tissue itself. Don't say 'a bony' when you mean 'a bone'.
Etymology check
Understanding that 'bony' comes from 'bone' (old English 'ban') helps reinforce its meaning. It literally means 'full of bones' or 'resembling bone'.
Nuance in context
While often describing people, 'bony' can also describe things like 'bony fish' (fish with many small bones) or 'bony ridges' in geology.
Use flashcards
Write 'bony' on one side and its definition and example sentences on the other. Include a small drawing of a thin person or a skeleton for visual aid.
Cultural connotation
In many cultures, being 'bony' is often associated with poor health or poverty, though in some contexts (like models), it might be seen differently. Be aware of these subtle implications.
Listen for it
Pay attention to how 'bony' is used in movies, TV shows, or podcasts. Hearing it in natural conversation helps you understand its rhythm and common collocations, like 'bony arms' or 'bony face'.
語源
Old English 'bānig'
元の意味： full of bones, resembling bone
Germanic文化的な背景
<p>In English culture, 'bony' often carries connotations of fragility or poor health when describing a person, though it can be a neutral descriptor in anatomical contexts. It's sometimes used in literature to evoke a sense of starkness or harshness.</p>
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
After weeks of illness, the once robust dog looked quite bony, its ribs clearly visible beneath its fur.
- looked quite bony
- ribs clearly visible
- beneath its fur
The old woman's hands were bony and gnarled from years of hard work, but her grip was surprisingly strong.
- bony and gnarled hands
- years of hard work
- surprisingly strong grip
He had a bony face with sharp cheekbones, which gave him a somewhat gaunt appearance.
- bony face
- sharp cheekbones
- gaunt appearance
Archaeologists discovered ancient bony fragments at the dig site, indicating the presence of prehistoric animals.
- ancient bony fragments
- dig site
- prehistoric animals
The artist sculpted a bony, skeletal figure from wire and clay, highlighting the fragility of life.
- bony, skeletal figure
- sculpted from wire and clay
- fragility of life
会話のきっかけ
"Can you describe a time you've seen an animal or person that you would describe as 'bony'?"
"What are some common ways we might try to help someone or an animal that is looking 'bony' due to illness or lack of food?"
"Beyond describing thinness, in what other contexts have you encountered the word 'bony'?"
"How might the description 'bony hands' evoke a particular image or feeling?"
"What are some synonyms or antonyms for 'bony' that come to mind?"
日記のテーマ
Reflect on the physical characteristics of things you perceive as 'bony'. What feelings or associations do these evoke?
Write a short story about an archaeologist discovering a 'bony fragment' and what they imagine it might reveal about the past.
Describe a fictional character who has 'bony' features. How does this physical description contribute to their personality or story?
Consider the phrase 'bony fingers of winter'. What imagery does this evoke, and how does it relate to the definition of 'bony'?
Think about the impact of malnutrition on animals or humans, leading to a 'bony' appearance. What societal or environmental factors contribute to this, and what solutions exist?
よくある質問
10 問The main idea of 'bony' is that something is very thin, so thin that you can see or feel the bones underneath. It can also describe things that are made of bone or look like bone.
While it's often used for people or parts of the body, 'bony' can also describe objects. For example, you might talk about a 'bony' structure if it's made of or resembles bone.
It can be neutral or slightly negative. When describing a person, it often implies being unhealthily thin or gaunt. However, in anatomical contexts, it's just a descriptive term without a negative connotation.
Thin is a more general term for having little fat. Bony is more specific; it means so thin that the bones are prominent and easily seen or felt. So, all bony things are thin, but not all thin things are bony.
Certainly. You might say, 'After weeks of illness, he looked quite bony, with his ribs clearly visible.'
In biology, you could say, 'The shark's skeleton is cartilaginous, not bony like a fish.'
Yes, some synonyms include gaunt, scrawny, skeletal, or emaciated. These often carry a similar implication of unhealthy thinness.
Yes, 'bony' can certainly be used for animals, especially if they are very thin. For example, 'The stray dog was so bony, every rib showed.'
CEFR B2 indicates that 'bony' is considered an upper-intermediate level word according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. This means it's a word that learners at that level are expected to understand and use.
You could, but it usually implies a negative quality. For instance, if you said a piece of fish was 'bony,' it would mean it has a lot of small bones, which isn't ideal for eating. It's not typically used to describe the texture or taste of food otherwise.
自分をテスト 138 問
The cat was so thin, you could see its ___ ribs.
'Bony' describes something very thin where bones are visible, which fits the description of a very thin cat's ribs.
She had ___ fingers because she was very thin.
'Bony' is used to describe a part of the body that is very thin, allowing the bone structure to be seen.
The old man had ___ knees.
When someone is thin, their knees can appear 'bony' because the bone structure is more prominent.
After being sick, he looked very ___.
If someone is very thin after being sick, 'bony' is a suitable word to describe their appearance.
The bird's legs were thin and ___.
Birds often have thin legs where the bones are easily seen, making 'bony' an appropriate description.
You can see the ___ structure of the fish.
Fish have a 'bony' structure (skeleton), which fits the anatomical context of the word.
My cat is very thin. She is so ___.
'Bony' means very thin, so thin that you can see bones.
The old dog was very ___ because he didn't eat much.
If someone or an animal is very thin, they can be described as bony.
Which word describes a very thin person?
'Bony' is used to describe someone who is very thin.
A bony person is very thin.
The definition of 'bony' is very thin, so thin that bones can be seen or felt.
A bony arm is a fat arm.
'Bony' means thin, not fat.
If you see someone's bones, they are probably bony.
'Bony' describes someone whose bone structure is easily seen or felt because they are very thin.
Think about how a very thin dog would look.
Imagine thin fingers.
What does a thin face look like?
Read this aloud:
The old man had bony hands.
Focus: bony
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Read this aloud:
She has bony knees.
Focus: bony
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Read this aloud:
A very thin person can look bony.
Focus: bony
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Look at the picture of a very thin cat. Write one sentence to describe its body using the word 'bony'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
The cat is very bony.
Imagine you are drawing a skeleton. Write one sentence using the word 'bony' to describe what a skeleton is made of.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
A skeleton is bony.
Your friend is very thin. Write a simple sentence to describe their hand using the word 'bony'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
My friend has bony hands.
What kind of back does the dog have?
Read this passage:
My dog is very thin. You can see its bones easily. It has a bony back.
What kind of back does the dog have?
The passage says 'It has a bony back.'
The passage says 'It has a bony back.'
What did the tree branch look like?
Read this passage:
The old tree branch was very thin. It looked like a long, bony arm reaching out.
What did the tree branch look like?
The passage states, 'It looked like a long, bony arm reaching out.'
The passage states, 'It looked like a long, bony arm reaching out.'
What were the bird's legs like?
Read this passage:
The small bird had very thin legs. They were bony and delicate.
What were the bird's legs like?
The passage says, 'They were bony and delicate.'
The passage says, 'They were bony and delicate.'
My cat was very thin after being sick. She looked very ___.
If someone is very thin, you can see their bones, so 'bony' is the correct word.
After running for a long time, the dog looked ___ and tired.
'Bony' describes something that is very thin, which can happen after a lot of exercise.
The old tree branch was very thin and ___.
'Bony' can describe something that looks like bone, like a thin, bare branch.
A very thin person might be described as bony.
If someone is very thin, you can often see or feel their bones, so 'bony' is a good description.
A bony person is usually very fat.
The word 'bony' means very thin, so it's the opposite of fat.
A strong and muscular person would be described as bony.
Someone strong and muscular usually has more flesh than a 'bony' person, where bones are easily seen or felt.
Listen for the word that describes the dog's physical state.
Pay attention to the description of her fingers.
The sentence describes his face after illness.
Read this aloud:
The cat was very bony, you could feel its ribs.
Focus: bony
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Read this aloud:
She has bony shoulders because she is so thin.
Focus: shoulders
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Read this aloud:
His bony knees hurt after running a long time.
Focus: knees
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Describe a time you saw something that was very thin. Use the word 'bony'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
I saw a very thin cat with bony legs. It looked hungry.
Imagine you are describing a skeleton. What parts would you call 'bony'?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
A skeleton has many bony parts, like bony arms and bony legs. All the bones are very bony.
Write a sentence about a person who is very thin. Use the word 'bony' to describe part of their body.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
The old man had bony hands because he was very thin.
What can you see on the dog because he is so thin?
Read this passage:
My dog is very old and has lost a lot of weight. You can see his ribs because he is so thin. He has bony legs now.
What can you see on the dog because he is so thin?
The passage states, 'You can see his ribs because he is so thin.'
The passage states, 'You can see his ribs because he is so thin.'
What part of the bird is described as 'bony'?
Read this passage:
The bird's nest was very small and made of tiny sticks. Inside, there was a little bird with bony wings. It was still very young.
What part of the bird is described as 'bony'?
The passage says, 'Inside, there was a little bird with bony wings.'
The passage says, 'Inside, there was a little bird with bony wings.'
What did Sarah find on the beach that was bony?
Read this passage:
Sarah went to the beach and found a fish skeleton. It was very white and dry. The tiny bones were all bony.
What did Sarah find on the beach that was bony?
The passage states, 'Sarah went to the beach and found a fish skeleton. ... The tiny bones were all bony.'
The passage states, 'Sarah went to the beach and found a fish skeleton. ... The tiny bones were all bony.'
The old dog was so thin that its ___ ribs were clearly visible.
The word 'bony' describes something very thin where bones can be seen, which fits the description of a very thin dog's ribs.
After weeks of illness, her face looked very ___ and pale.
When someone is ill for a long time, they often lose weight, and their face can become very thin, making 'bony' an appropriate description.
The archaeologist carefully examined the ancient ___ fragments found at the site.
'Bony' refers to something made of or resembling bone, which is common in archaeological findings like ancient bone fragments.
He has very ___ fingers, which makes it easy for him to play the guitar.
Long, thin fingers are often described as 'bony,' and they can be advantageous for playing instruments like the guitar.
Despite eating a lot, she remained quite ___ and never gained much weight.
If someone eats a lot but stays thin, 'bony' can be used to describe their thin physique.
The doctor noted the patient's ___ frame during the examination.
A 'bony frame' describes a very thin body structure, which a doctor might observe during an examination.
Which of these describes someone who is bony?
The definition of 'bony' describes someone or a part of the body that is very thin, allowing the underlying bone structure to be seen or felt.
If an animal has bony fins, what does that mean?
'Bony' can refer to anything made of or resembling bone, especially in anatomical contexts, so bony fins would have noticeable bone structures.
Which sentence uses 'bony' correctly?
This sentence correctly uses 'bony' to describe the dog's thinness due to lack of food, making its bones noticeable.
A 'bony' person is usually very muscular.
The word 'bony' describes someone who is very thin, not muscular.
If you describe a fish as having 'bony' parts, you are referring to its skeleton.
In anatomical contexts, 'bony' refers to structures made of or resembling bone, such as a skeleton.
You can use 'bony' to describe a soft and fluffy pillow.
'Bony' means thin with visible bones or resembling bone, which is the opposite of soft and fluffy.
The sentence describes the appearance of someone's hands.
Listen for a description of a dog's physique.
Focus on the description of a person's face.
Read this aloud:
The artist drew a bony skeleton for the art class.
Focus: bony, skeleton
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Read this aloud:
Despite being very thin, her bony fingers were surprisingly strong.
Focus: bony, fingers, surprisingly
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Read this aloud:
The doctor examined the bony structure of his wrist.
Focus: bony, structure, wrist
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Imagine you are describing an old, thin tree in a park. Use the word 'bony' to describe its branches. Write two sentences.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
The old tree stood tall, its bony branches reaching towards the sky like skeletal fingers. There were no leaves, only the thin, bony framework of its limbs visible.
Describe a character who is very thin. Use the word 'bony' to talk about a part of their body. Write one sentence.
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Sample answer
The old man's bony hands trembled as he reached for his cup of tea.
You are explaining to a friend why a certain animal looks so thin. Use the word 'bony' in your explanation. Write one sentence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
The stray dog looked very bony, and you could see its ribs easily.
Which word best describes Sarah's appearance based on the passage?
Read this passage:
Sarah had been sick for a long time, and she lost a lot of weight. Her face was very thin, and her cheeks looked hollow. Her doctor said she needed to eat more to regain her strength. She tried to eat healthy meals to get better.
Which word best describes Sarah's appearance based on the passage?
The passage describes Sarah as having lost a lot of weight, with a thin face and hollow cheeks, which aligns with the definition of 'bony'.
The passage describes Sarah as having lost a lot of weight, with a thin face and hollow cheeks, which aligns with the definition of 'bony'.
What is tapping against the window?
Read this passage:
The old, abandoned house stood on a hill. Its windows were broken, and the roof had collapsed in places. Inside, the furniture was covered in dust. A small, bony branch from a nearby tree tapped against a broken pane, making a spooky sound.
What is tapping against the window?
The passage explicitly states, 'A small, bony branch from a nearby tree tapped against a broken pane'.
The passage explicitly states, 'A small, bony branch from a nearby tree tapped against a broken pane'.
According to the passage, what part of a young deer might be described as 'bony' in winter?
Read this passage:
During the winter, when food was scarce, many wild animals became very thin. Their fur might still be thick, but underneath, their bodies felt different. A young deer, for example, might have bony hips that were easy to see.
According to the passage, what part of a young deer might be described as 'bony' in winter?
The passage mentions, 'A young deer, for example, might have bony hips that were easy to see.'
The passage mentions, 'A young deer, for example, might have bony hips that were easy to see.'
After weeks of illness, the once robust man had become quite ___, his ribs clearly visible beneath his skin.
The context describes someone who has become very thin due to illness, making their bones visible. 'Bony' is the most appropriate word to describe this condition.
The archaeologist carefully unearthed the ___ remains of an ancient creature, piecing together its skeletal structure.
The sentence refers to the skeletal remains of a creature, implying they are made of or resemble bone. 'Bony' fits this description.
Despite his intimidating size, the old dog was surprisingly ___ and frail, needing assistance to climb the stairs.
The description of the dog as 'frail' and needing assistance suggests it is thin and delicate. 'Bony' aligns with this meaning.
The artist captured the horse's ___ structure with remarkable detail, emphasizing its powerful yet slender legs.
The sentence speaks of the horse's 'structure' and 'slender legs,' indicating that its bone structure is prominent. 'Bony' is the correct term.
Her fingers, long and ___, delicately traced the intricate patterns on the antique lace.
The description of the fingers as 'long' and 'delicate' suggests they are thin, allowing the bone structure to be noticeable. 'Bony' is the appropriate word.
The bird's nest was surprisingly sturdy, made of twigs and a few ___ fragments it had found.
The context implies the fragments are hard and strong, like bone, to contribute to a sturdy nest. 'Bony' fits this description.
The old dog was so thin that its ribs were clearly visible, making it look quite ______.
The word 'bony' describes someone or something that is very thin, allowing bones to be seen or felt, which fits the description of the old, thin dog.
Despite being an excellent athlete, his frame remained quite ______ due to his intense training regimen and naturally lean build.
The context implies a lean build where bones might be prominent, which 'bony' accurately describes. 'Muscular' is related but focuses on muscle mass, not visible bones.
Which of the following best describes a 'bony' figure?
The definition of 'bony' specifically refers to being very thin, allowing the underlying bone structure to be seen or felt.
A person described as 'bony' typically has a lot of body fat.
The word 'bony' describes someone who is very thin, meaning they have little body fat, allowing their bones to be easily seen or felt.
The term 'bony' can refer to something made of or resembling bone.
The definition explicitly states that 'bony' can also refer to anything made of or resembling bone, particularly in biological or anatomical contexts.
When someone is described as 'bony', it usually implies they are very strong and muscular.
'Bony' primarily describes thinness and visible bone structure, not necessarily strength or musculature. While a strong person can be lean, 'bony' emphasizes the lack of flesh.
The sentence describes someone's hands.
The sentence is about an animal's physical condition.
The sentence discusses a discovery related to ancient life.
Read this aloud:
The marathon runner's bony frame hinted at the intense training he endured.
Focus: bony frame, intense training
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Read this aloud:
Despite his bony appearance, he possessed surprising strength.
Focus: bony appearance, surprising strength
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Read this aloud:
The sculpture depicted a bony hand reaching towards the sky.
Focus: bony hand, reaching towards
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Describe a character using the word 'bony'. Focus on their physical appearance and how their 'bony' nature might influence their demeanor or movement. Aim for a paragraph of 3-4 sentences.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Her frame was noticeably bony, giving her an almost ethereal appearance. Every movement seemed to highlight the sharp angles of her shoulders and wrists. Despite her delicate build, there was a surprising resilience in her gaze, suggesting that her seemingly fragile exterior belied an inner strength.
Imagine you are a doctor explaining a condition where bones are becoming prominent due to significant weight loss. Use the word 'bony' to describe the physical changes. Write a short explanation (2-3 sentences) for a patient.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
We've observed that your recent weight loss has made your bone structure quite bony and prominent, especially around your ribs and collarbone. This is a common physical change when the body sheds a significant amount of mass, making the underlying skeletal frame more visible. We'll monitor this as we work on improving your nutritional intake.
Write a short descriptive sentence using 'bony' to refer to something made of or resembling bone, not necessarily human. For example, a bony fish or a bony structure.
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Sample answer
The ancient fossil displayed a surprisingly intact bony structure, revealing the intricate skeletal framework of a prehistoric bird.
What does the passage imply about the old man's physical appearance?
Read this passage:
Despite his considerable height, the old man possessed a surprisingly bony frame. His hands, gnarled with age, were particularly bony, with veins standing out like rivers on a dried-up map. He often wore oversized sweaters, perhaps to conceal the stark reality of his physical condition, yet the sharp angles of his shoulders were still discernible beneath the fabric.
What does the passage imply about the old man's physical appearance?
The passage uses 'bony frame', 'particularly bony hands', and 'sharp angles of his shoulders' to clearly indicate that the old man was very thin and gaunt.
The passage uses 'bony frame', 'particularly bony hands', and 'sharp angles of his shoulders' to clearly indicate that the old man was very thin and gaunt.
What aspect of the prehistoric creature is being described using the word 'bony'?
Read this passage:
The paleontologist carefully examined the fossilized remains. It was a remarkable specimen, showcasing the intricate bony plates that once protected the prehistoric creature. These bony structures, though now stone, still hinted at the formidable defense mechanism the animal possessed against its ancient predators.
What aspect of the prehistoric creature is being described using the word 'bony'?
The passage states 'intricate bony plates that once protected the prehistoric creature' and 'These bony structures... still hinted at the formidable defense mechanism', directly linking 'bony' to its protective features.
The passage states 'intricate bony plates that once protected the prehistoric creature' and 'These bony structures... still hinted at the formidable defense mechanism', directly linking 'bony' to its protective features.
According to the passage, what is a direct consequence of insufficient nutrition that makes limbs appear 'bony'?
Read this passage:
During times of famine, it's not uncommon to see people with gaunt faces and bony limbs. The lack of sufficient nutrition causes the body to consume its fat and muscle reserves, leading to a skeletal appearance where bones become noticeably prominent beneath the skin. This physical state is a clear indicator of severe malnourishment.
According to the passage, what is a direct consequence of insufficient nutrition that makes limbs appear 'bony'?
The passage explicitly states, 'The lack of sufficient nutrition causes the body to consume its fat and muscle reserves, leading to a skeletal appearance where bones become noticeably prominent beneath the skin.'
The passage explicitly states, 'The lack of sufficient nutrition causes the body to consume its fat and muscle reserves, leading to a skeletal appearance where bones become noticeably prominent beneath the skin.'
This sentence describes someone's thin fingers holding a book, demonstrating the 'bony' adjective.
This sentence uses 'bony' to describe the skeletal structure of a fish.
This sentence illustrates 'bony' in the context of someone becoming very thin due to illness.
The sculptor meticulously carved the delicate, ___ fingers of the skeleton.
The word 'bony' accurately describes the skeletal fingers, emphasizing their thinness and visible bone structure.
Despite her illness, her spirit remained strong, though her frame had become alarmingly ___.
'Bony' effectively conveys the extreme thinness resulting from illness, where bones are prominent.
The ancient artifact was a collection of remarkably preserved ___ fragments, suggesting a prehistoric animal.
In this context, 'bony' refers to items made of or resembling bone, fitting for ancient animal fragments.
His gaunt face, with its high cheekbones and ___ jawline, spoke of a life of hardship.
A 'bony jawline' emphasizes the angularity and prominence of the bone structure due to thinness, often associated with hardship.
The paleontologist carefully reconstructed the dinosaur's skeleton, meticulously joining each ___ plate.
'Bony' correctly describes the plates that make up a skeleton, highlighting their bone-like composition.
Her grandmother, though frail, still had a surprisingly firm grip with her thin, ___ hands.
Thin, 'bony' hands suggest a visible bone structure, typical of frailty, yet can still exert strength.
Which of the following best describes a 'bony' person?
The definition of 'bony' specifically refers to someone who is very thin, making their bones prominent.
In an anatomical context, what could be described as 'bony'?
The definition states that 'bony' can refer to anything made of or resembling bone, particularly in biological or anatomical contexts.
The sculptor accentuated the ___ features of the skeleton in his new exhibit.
The word 'bony' is the most appropriate adjective to describe the features of a skeleton, emphasizing its bone structure.
A 'bony' hand would typically have noticeable knuckles and visible veins due to a lack of subcutaneous fat.
A bony hand is characterized by thinness, which would make knuckles more prominent and veins more visible.
The term 'bony' is generally used to describe someone with a robust and muscular physique.
The term 'bony' describes someone who is very thin, not robust and muscular.
An animal's 'bony' plates offer a form of protection.
If 'bony' refers to something made of bone, then bony plates, like those found on some reptiles, would indeed offer protection.
The sentence describes someone's physical appearance while climbing.
This sentence relates to a scientific field and discovered objects.
The sentence contrasts physical attributes.
Read this aloud:
The artist sketched the model's bony structure, emphasizing the angles of her collarbone.
Focus: bony, structure, emphasizing
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Read this aloud:
He described the ancient fish as having a surprisingly bony skeleton, unlike modern species.
Focus: bony, skeleton, modern species
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Read this aloud:
The marathon runner's bony frame hinted at the intense training she had undergone.
Focus: bony, frame, undergone
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Describe a character using the word 'bony' without explicitly stating they are thin. Focus on their appearance and how their 'bony' nature impacts their movements or overall demeanor.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Her frame, though tall, seemed to consist primarily of sharp angles and jutting edges. Every movement was a deliberate effort, her long, bony fingers often brushing against her collarbones as if seeking reassurance. A shadow seemed to cling to her hollowed cheeks, accentuating the prominent structure beneath her pale skin.
Imagine you are a sculptor. Write a short paragraph describing how you would emphasize the 'bony' quality of a figure in your artwork, focusing on specific anatomical details and artistic techniques.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
To truly capture the bony essence of my subject, I would meticulously sculpt the clavicles, ensuring their sharp lines cut distinctively against the torso. The wrists and knuckles would be defined with precision, showcasing the delicate articulation of each joint. I'd use subtle undulations in the clay to suggest the underlying skeletal structure, allowing the light to play off these prominent forms, creating a sense of delicate strength.
You are a forensic anthropologist examining skeletal remains. Write a brief report describing a 'bony' characteristic of a specific bone that helps you determine information about the individual (e.g., age, sex, health).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
The distal epiphysis of the right femur exhibits distinct bony prominences around the condyles, indicative of significant muscular attachment and robust physical activity. Furthermore, the overall osteological morphology suggests a male individual of approximately 40-50 years, with no clear signs of severe atrophy or chronic pathology. The sharp, well-defined crests along the diaphysis reinforce this assessment.
Which of the following best describes the atmosphere created by the phrase 'skeletal branches of oak trees scratching against the window panes like bony fingers'?
Read this passage:
The old mansion stood on a desolate hill, its skeletal branches of oak trees scratching against the window panes like bony fingers. Inside, the air was perpetually cold, and the shadows danced with an eerie life of their own. A faint scent of dust and decaying velvet hung heavy, a testament to years of neglect. Every creak of the floorboards echoed through the cavernous halls, creating a symphony of unease.
Which of the following best describes the atmosphere created by the phrase 'skeletal branches of oak trees scratching against the window panes like bony fingers'?
The comparison of branches to 'bony fingers' suggests something stark, cold, and perhaps even menacing, contributing to an overall atmosphere of isolation and foreboding within the desolate mansion.
The comparison of branches to 'bony fingers' suggests something stark, cold, and perhaps even menacing, contributing to an overall atmosphere of isolation and foreboding within the desolate mansion.
What is the primary significance of the 'delicate, bony structure' of the fossilized bird's wings?
Read this passage:
In a recent archaeological discovery, a remarkably preserved fossil of a prehistoric bird was unearthed. Paleontologists noted the delicate, bony structure of its wings, perfectly articulated and surprisingly intact. This finding provides crucial insights into avian evolution, particularly concerning the development of flight capabilities in early bird species. The intricate network of its skeletal framework offers a clear glimpse into its ancient physiology.
What is the primary significance of the 'delicate, bony structure' of the fossilized bird's wings?
The passage explicitly states that the finding 'provides crucial insights into avian evolution, particularly concerning the development of flight capabilities,' directly linking the bony structure to this scientific understanding.
The passage explicitly states that the finding 'provides crucial insights into avian evolution, particularly concerning the development of flight capabilities,' directly linking the bony structure to this scientific understanding.
What can be inferred about the mariner's life based on the description of his 'gnarled and bony' hands?
Read this passage:
The ancient mariner, wizened by years of battling the unforgiving sea, possessed a physique that spoke volumes of his life. His face was a roadmap of wrinkles, and his hands, gnarled and bony, were permanently curved from gripping ropes and oars. Each prominent knuckle told a story of countless storms weathered and fish hauled from the deep. Despite his fragile appearance, there was an undeniable strength in his weathered gaze.
What can be inferred about the mariner's life based on the description of his 'gnarled and bony' hands?
The description explicitly states his hands were 'permanently curved from gripping ropes and oars' and that 'each prominent knuckle told a story of countless storms weathered and fish hauled from the deep,' clearly indicating a physically demanding life at sea.
The description explicitly states his hands were 'permanently curved from gripping ropes and oars' and that 'each prominent knuckle told a story of countless storms weathered and fish hauled from the deep,' clearly indicating a physically demanding life at sea.
The sculptor meticulously carved the marble, giving the statue a surprisingly ___ and fragile appearance, as if the slightest touch might shatter its delicate form.
In this context, 'bony' conveys an impression of extreme thinness and fragility, aligning with the sculptor's aim to create a delicate and easily breakable aesthetic for the statue.
Despite her advanced age, the renowned archaeologist's fingers, though somewhat ___ from years of meticulous excavation, still possessed a remarkable dexterity when handling delicate artifacts.
Here, 'bony' describes the archaeologist's fingers as thin due to age, emphasizing the visibility of bone structure, yet paradoxically still capable of precise movements.
The artist's latest series of portraits explored the human condition through stark contrasts, depicting figures with gaunt, ___ faces that seemed to echo the existential anxieties of modern life.
'Bony' here describes faces that are extremely thin, with prominent bone structure, creating a sense of gauntness and reflecting the theme of existential anxiety.
After weeks of arduous trekking through the unforgiving desert, the explorers emerged, their once robust frames now noticeably emaciated and their faces etched with the ___ contours of hunger and exhaustion.
'Bony' accurately describes the appearance of extreme thinness and visible bone structure that would result from prolonged hunger and exhaustion during an arduous trek.
The ancient text described mythical creatures with grotesque features, including sharp talons, leathery wings, and skeletal, ___ limbs that seemed barely capable of supporting their monstrous bulk.
In this context, 'bony' emphasizes the skeletal and thin nature of the limbs, highlighting the contrast with the 'monstrous bulk' and contributing to the grotesque description.
The forensic anthropologist carefully examined the unearthed remains, noting the distinct features of the skull and the surprisingly well-preserved ___ fragments of the ancient warrior's hand.
Here, 'bony' refers to fragments made of or resembling bone, which is appropriate for describing ancient skeletal remains in a forensic context.
Which of the following best describes the connotation of 'bony' when referring to a person?
While 'bony' can literally mean thin, in reference to a person, it often carries the connotation of being unhealthily or unpleasantly thin, where bones are visibly prominent, rather than a healthy or athletic slenderness.
In a biological context, which phrase correctly uses 'bony'?
In a biological context, 'bony' refers to something made of or resembling bone. The cranium is composed of dense bone plates, making this the correct usage. The other options describe tissues or structures that are not bony.
Which of the following is an antonym for 'bony' when describing a person's physique?
'Fleshy' describes someone having a lot of flesh or fat, which is the opposite of 'bony' which describes someone very thin with prominent bones. 'Skeletal' and 'gaunt' are synonyms, and 'lean' implies a healthy lack of excess fat, not necessarily the opposite of bony in a negative sense.
The term 'bony' can be used to describe both an animal's skeleton and a person's slender fingers.
'Bony' can describe parts of the body that are very thin and show bone structure (like slender fingers) and also things made of or resembling bone, such as an animal's skeleton.
When describing a landscape, 'bony' suggests a fertile and lush environment.
When describing a landscape, 'bony' would typically suggest a sparse, barren, or rocky environment, where the 'bones' or underlying geological structure are prominent, not a fertile and lush one.
A 'bony' fish implies it has very few bones, making it easy to eat.
A 'bony' fish implies it has many bones, especially small ones, which would make it more difficult, not easier, to eat.
Imagine a character with a 'bony' physique. Describe their appearance, how this might affect their demeanor, and how others perceive them. Use vivid imagery and explore the nuanced implications of such a physical description.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Her frame was so bony that her collarbones jutted out like sharp, brittle wings, seemingly ready to pierce the thin fabric of her dress. This stark physicality imbued her with an almost ethereal fragility, making observers tread carefully, as if a harsh word might shatter her. Despite her delicate appearance, there was a defiant glint in her hollow eyes, a testament to an inner resilience that belied her outwardly gaunt form, often leading to a paradoxical perception of both vulnerability and unyielding strength.
Discuss the symbolic use of 'bony' in literature or art. How does this adjective contribute to themes of mortality, decay, or austerity? Provide specific examples or theoretical interpretations.
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Sample answer
In artistic and literary traditions, the 'bony' often serves as a potent symbol of mortality and the ephemeral nature of life. Its starkness can evoke themes of decay, as seen in vanitas paintings where skulls, with their bony structures, are central motifs reminding viewers of inevitable death. Furthermore, a bony landscape or figure can symbolize austerity or hardship, stripping away superfluity to reveal raw essence, an allegorical representation of life's unforgiving truths. Think of the gaunt, bony fingers of death personified, or the skeletal trees in a barren winter scene, both embodying a chilling finality.
You are a paleontologist describing a newly discovered fossil. Detail the 'bony' characteristics of the specimen, focusing on anatomical structures and their potential implications for the creature's lifestyle and evolutionary history. Use precise scientific language.
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Sample answer
The newly excavated fossil, tentatively identified as *Archosaurus profundis*, exhibits remarkably preserved bony structures. Its elongated vertebral column, composed of unusually dense, bony segments, suggests a creature adapted for subterranean locomotion, possibly burrowing through compact soil. The prominent bony ridges along its cranial plate indicate a robust defensive mechanism, while the slender, almost filamentous bony appendages suggest a sensory rather than locomotive function, perhaps detecting vibrations. The unique morphology of its bony pelvic girdle further implies a specialized gait, distinct from any previously cataloged terrestrial species, offering compelling insights into its evolutionary divergence.
What does the passage imply about the tree's environment?
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In the arid landscape, the ancient tree stood, its branches bony and gnarled, reaching towards a sky that offered no reprieve from the sun's relentless gaze. The wind, a constant sculptor, had long since stripped away any semblance of verdant life, leaving behind only the stark, skeletal framework. Beneath its shadows, the earth was cracked and parched, a testament to enduring drought. The tree was a monument to resilience, a bony sentinel defying the inhospitable elements, its very form a metaphor for survival in adversity.
What does the passage imply about the tree's environment?
The passage describes the landscape as 'arid', the sky offering 'no reprieve from the sun's relentless gaze', and the earth as 'cracked and parched', all strongly indicating extreme dryness and harsh conditions. The 'bony' branches reinforce this image of a stripped-down, survivalist environment.
The passage describes the landscape as 'arid', the sky offering 'no reprieve from the sun's relentless gaze', and the earth as 'cracked and parched', all strongly indicating extreme dryness and harsh conditions. The 'bony' branches reinforce this image of a stripped-down, survivalist environment.
What is the sculptor's primary artistic intention by aiming for a 'bony translucence'?
Read this passage:
The sculptor painstakingly carved the ivory, aiming for a delicate, almost bony translucence. Each facet was designed to catch the light in a way that mimicked the subtle gleam of a freshly articulated skeleton, hinting at the fragility and intricate design of life's fundamental architecture. This deliberate choice of 'bony' aesthetics was not morbid, but rather an homage to the underlying strength found within such delicate structures, a profound exploration of form and substance.
What is the sculptor's primary artistic intention by aiming for a 'bony translucence'?
The passage explicitly states, 'This deliberate choice of 'bony' aesthetics was not morbid, but rather an homage to the underlying strength found within such delicate structures, a profound exploration of form and substance.' This directly supports the idea that the sculptor aims to highlight strength and intricate design.
The passage explicitly states, 'This deliberate choice of 'bony' aesthetics was not morbid, but rather an homage to the underlying strength found within such delicate structures, a profound exploration of form and substance.' This directly supports the idea that the sculptor aims to highlight strength and intricate design.
Based on the passage, what is the primary function of the 'bony plates' of the armadillo?
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In the study of comparative anatomy, the 'bony' plates of the armadillo offer a fascinating case study in evolutionary adaptation. These osteoderms, dermal bone formations, provide robust protection against predators while allowing for a surprising degree of flexibility. Unlike the endoskeleton, which provides internal support, these external bony shields represent a distinct evolutionary pathway towards defense, demonstrating nature's diverse solutions to environmental pressures and predatory challenges.
Based on the passage, what is the primary function of the 'bony plates' of the armadillo?
The passage states that these 'bony plates' or 'osteoderms... provide robust protection against predators', clearly indicating their primary function.
The passage states that these 'bony plates' or 'osteoderms... provide robust protection against predators', clearly indicating their primary function.
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Summary
The word 'bony' primarily describes extreme thinness where bones are visible, or something related to or made of bone.
- Very thin, showing bones.
- Made of or resembling bone.
- Used for people, body parts, or biological structures.
Visualize it!
When you encounter 'bony', try to picture someone very thin, like a marathon runner, or a skeletal hand. Visual associations help memory.
Connect to common phrases
Think of phrases like 'bony fingers' or 'a bony elbow' to understand its common usage in describing human anatomy.
Compare with synonyms
Consider synonyms like 'thin', 'gaunt', or 'skeletal'. How is 'bony' slightly different? It emphasizes the visible bone structure.
Practice in sentences
Create your own sentences using 'bony'. For example, 'The old dog was very bony after its illness.' This helps solidify understanding.
例文
The stray dog was so bony that you could count every one of its ribs.
関連コンテンツ
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関連する文法
Bodyの関連語
lung
A1息をするために使う、胸の中にある二つの臓器のことです。空気を吸い込んだり吐き出したりするのに役立ちます。
bleary
B2Bleary describes eyes that are dull, tired, or unfocused, typically due to a lack of sleep, exhaustion, or crying. It can also refer to vision or a person's state of mind when it is blurred or not clear.
prodentation
C1Characterized by the forward projection or protrusion of teeth or tooth-like structures. It is a specialized term used primarily in anatomical, biological, or technical descriptions to indicate a feature that juts outward.
submovcide
C1極度の精度を達成するために、微妙で不随意な身体の動きを意図的に抑制または排除すること。
bristle
C1動物の毛やブラシの毛のように、短くて硬い毛のことだよ。
coordination
B1体の各部位をスムーズに使う能力、または複数の組織をまとめること。
face
A2額から顎までの顔の前部で、目、鼻、口が含まれます。感情を表現し、個人を識別するために使用される体の主要な部分です。
facial
B2Relating to the face or its structure, appearance, and expressions. It is commonly used to describe physical features, skin treatments, or non-verbal communication through the face.
ashen
C1ショックや恐怖、病気などで顔色が非常に悪く、灰色っぽくなっていること。灰のような色合いを指す。
alimentary
B2体の栄養や消化器官に関係することを指します。特に食べ物が体内でどのように進むかを表すときに使われます。
