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B1 noun #9 よく出る 13分で読める

cells

上位9

練習する例文メモとヒント cells 30秒で

解説 cells in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'cells' is a word you might learn when talking about the body or your phone. Think of cells as very, very tiny parts that make up your body. You cannot see them with your eyes, but they are there! Also, in some countries, people call their mobile phone a 'cell phone.' It is a simple noun. You can say 'My body has many cells' or 'I have a new cell phone.' It is important to know that 'cells' is the plural form (more than one) and 'cell' is the singular form (only one).

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At the A2 level, you start to see 'cells' in more specific ways. In science class, you learn that plants and animals are made of cells. You might learn about 'blood cells' when you talk about health. For example, 'The doctor checks your blood cells.' You also use 'cell' when talking about technology, like a 'cell phone' or a 'battery cell.' In a spreadsheet like Excel, each little box is called a 'cell.' It is a useful word because it describes a small part of a bigger thing. Remember to spell it with a 'C,' not an 'S'!

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At the B1 level, 'cells' becomes a key term for describing biological processes and technical systems. You should understand that cells are the 'building blocks of life' and carry out essential functions like making energy or sending signals. You will encounter terms like 'cell division,' 'nerve cells,' and 'skin cells.' In technology, you'll understand that 'cell phones' work by connecting to 'cell towers' in different areas. You might also hear about 'prison cells' in stories or news. The word always implies a small, self-contained unit that is part of a larger structure.

At the B2 level, you use 'cells' in more complex scientific and social discussions. You might talk about 'stem cells' and the ethics of medical research. You'll understand how 'cancer cells' differ from healthy ones. In a technical context, you might discuss 'photovoltaic cells' in solar energy or 'fuel cells' in modern cars. You should also be familiar with the metaphorical use of 'cells' in political science, such as 'terrorist cells' or 'sleeper cells,' which refers to small, independent groups. You can use the word accurately in both formal scientific writing and informal conversation.

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At the C1 level, you have a nuanced understanding of 'cells' across various disciplines. In biology, you can discuss 'cellular respiration,' 'cell membranes,' and 'cytology' (the study of cells). You understand the precise difference between 'cells' and 'tissues.' In technology, you can explain the 'cellular architecture' of mobile networks. You are also aware of the word's etymology from the Latin 'cella' and how its meaning has evolved. You can use 'cells' in academic debates about biotechnology, genetic engineering, and the legal rights of prisoners in 'solitary confinement cells.'

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At the C2 level, you command the word 'cells' with total precision and can use it in highly specialized or philosophical contexts. You might discuss the 'cellular basis of consciousness' or the 'thermodynamics of cellular metabolism.' You are comfortable using the word in complex metaphors, perhaps describing a society as a 'cellular structure' where individual units operate with both autonomy and interdependence. You can navigate the most technical scientific papers or legal documents regarding 'cell-line patents' and 'cellular privacy' with ease, recognizing every subtle connotation and historical layer of the term.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

cells 30秒で

Cells are the microscopic building blocks of all living organisms, performing essential life functions and containing genetic information like DNA.
In technology, a cell refers to an individual unit of a battery, a solar panel, or a specific zone in a mobile network.
In data management, a cell is the intersection of a row and column in a spreadsheet where information is stored.
The word also describes a small, secure room for a prisoner or a small, secretive group of people within a larger organization.

The word cells is a fundamental term in both the natural sciences and various technical fields. At its most basic biological level, a cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently. Often referred to as the 'building blocks of life,' cells are the microscopic factories where the chemistry of existence takes place. Every living thing, from the tiniest bacterium to the largest blue whale, is composed of cells. In a biological context, you will hear this word used to describe the specialized units that make up our bodies, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or red blood cells. Each type of cell has a specific structure tailored to its function, yet they all share common features like a membrane that acts as a gatekeeper and genetic material that serves as an instruction manual.

Biological Context: In biology, cells are categorized into two main types: prokaryotic (without a nucleus, like bacteria) and eukaryotic (with a nucleus, like those in plants and animals). Scientists use the term when discussing growth, reproduction, and disease.

The scientist spent hours observing the division of plant cells under a high-powered microscope.

Beyond biology, the word 'cells' takes on several metaphorical and technical meanings. In technology, a 'cell' can refer to a single unit in a battery or a solar panel that converts energy. In telecommunications, 'cell' refers to the geographic area covered by a specific transmitter, which is why we use the term 'cell phone.' In a social or political context, a 'cell' refers to a small, clandestine group of people working as part of a larger organization, often used in the context of political movements or intelligence operations. Finally, in a legal or correctional sense, a 'cell' is a small room used to hold prisoners in a jail or police station. The common thread among all these definitions is the idea of a small, self-contained unit that forms part of a larger whole.

Technological Context: A battery cell is an individual unit that stores chemical energy and converts it into electricity. A standard AA battery is technically a single cell.

Modern electric vehicles use thousands of individual lithium-ion cells to power their motors.

The versatility of the word 'cells' makes it essential for B1 learners to master. You will encounter it in school textbooks, news articles about medical breakthroughs, and even in daily conversations about mobile technology. Understanding that a 'cell' is always a 'unit' helps in deciphering its meaning across these different domains. For instance, in a spreadsheet program like Microsoft Excel, the intersection of a row and a column is called a 'cell' because it is the basic unit for data entry. This consistent logic of 'the smallest functional unit' makes the word surprisingly easy to remember once you see the pattern.

Please enter the total amount in cell B12 of the financial report.

Sociological Context: In historical or thriller novels, you might read about a 'sleeper cell,' which refers to a group of agents who remain inactive until they receive a specific command.

The detectives discovered that the suspects were part of an underground cell operating in the city.

The prisoner was confined to a small cell for twenty-three hours a day.

Using the word cells correctly requires an understanding of its plural and singular forms and the specific nouns it frequently modifies. In biological contexts, 'cells' is almost always plural because organisms are made of millions or trillions of them. When you are talking about a specific type of cell, you usually place the descriptive noun before it, such as 'skin cells,' 'brain cells,' or 'cancer cells.' For example, you might say, 'Sunburn occurs when UV radiation damages your skin cells.' This structure is very common in medical and health discussions.

Medical Usage: When doctors talk about blood tests, they often mention 'white blood cells' (which fight infection) and 'red blood cells' (which carry oxygen). These are count nouns.

The patient's white blood cell count was higher than normal, indicating an infection.

In technological and everyday contexts, 'cell' is frequently used as a modifier itself, as in 'cell phone' or 'cell tower.' In these cases, it functions like an adjective. However, when referring to the power source of a device, you might say 'fuel cell' or 'solar cell.' If you are describing a spreadsheet, you would refer to a specific 'cell' by its coordinates. For instance, 'Type the formula into cell C5.' It is important to note that while 'cell' is a noun, it is often part of compound nouns that have become standard vocabulary in English.

Technology and Energy: In the context of green energy, 'photovoltaic cells' is the technical term for the components of solar panels that capture sunlight.

The roof was covered in solar cells to provide electricity for the entire house.

When using 'cells' in the context of law enforcement or incarceration, the word is often used with verbs like 'locked in,' 'confined to,' or 'released from.' For example, 'The suspect was held in a holding cell overnight.' In a more figurative sense, people sometimes talk about 'brain cells' when joking about their intelligence or memory. You might hear someone say, 'I think I lost a few brain cells watching that terrible movie.' While scientifically inaccurate, this is a very common informal usage that B1 learners should recognize as a joke or hyperbole.

He felt like he was losing his brain cells while trying to understand the complex legal document.

Data Management: In data analysis, 'empty cells' refer to parts of a table where no data has been entered, which can sometimes cause errors in calculations.

Make sure there are no empty cells in the spreadsheet before you run the analysis.

Research into stem cells could lead to cures for diseases like Parkinson's and diabetes.

The word cells is ubiquitous in modern life, appearing in settings ranging from the doctor's office to the tech store. In a medical environment, you'll hear it during discussions about blood work, biopsies, or general health. A doctor might say, 'We need to examine the cells under a microscope to check for abnormalities.' This is a standard part of diagnostic medicine. In the news, you often hear about 'stem cell research' or 'cancer cells,' as these are major areas of scientific and ethical debate. The word is central to how we understand the human body and its ailments.

In the News: Headlines often feature 'cells' when discussing breakthroughs in longevity, cloning, or new treatments for chronic illnesses.

The news report highlighted a new therapy that targets only the cancerous cells, leaving healthy ones untouched.

In the world of technology, 'cell' is a word you use every day, perhaps without even thinking about it. 'Cell phone' is the most common example in North American English (though 'mobile phone' is more common in the UK). You might hear a technician talk about 'cell reception' or 'cell towers' when discussing why your phone isn't working. Furthermore, if you follow news about electric vehicles or renewable energy, you will frequently hear about 'battery cells' and 'solar cells.' These are the individual units that make up larger battery packs or solar arrays, and their efficiency is a major topic of industrial discussion.

In the Workplace: If you work in an office, you'll hear 'cell' every time someone mentions a spreadsheet. 'Please check the value in cell A1' is a common instruction.

The manager asked me to highlight all the cells that contained overdue payments.

In popular culture, particularly in crime dramas and movies, 'cells' are where the action often takes place or where characters end up. You'll hear phrases like 'jail cell,' 'holding cell,' or 'prison cell.' This usage is very common in television shows like 'Law & Order' or 'Prison Break.' Additionally, in spy thrillers, you might hear about 'terrorist cells' or 'sleeper cells,' referring to small, independent groups of people. This variety of contexts—from the microscopic level of biology to the macroscopic level of social and technological networks—demonstrates why 'cells' is such a powerful and versatile word in the English language.

The movie climaxed with a daring escape from a high-security prison cell.

In Education: Students in biology class spend a lot of time learning about 'cell division' (mitosis and meiosis) and 'cell structure' (organelles).

We had to draw a diagram of animal cells for our homework assignment.

The documentary explained how skin cells regenerate every few weeks.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with the word cells is confusing it with its homophone, 'sells.' While they sound identical, 'sells' is a verb (the third-person singular of 'sell'), whereas 'cells' is a noun. For example, 'He sells cell phones' is a sentence that uses both. Another common error is using 'cell' when 'atom' or 'molecule' would be more appropriate. Remember: cells are biological units of life, while atoms and molecules are chemical units of matter. You cannot have a 'cell of water,' but you can have a 'molecule of water.'

Homophone Confusion: Mistake: 'The body is made of billions of sells.' Correct: 'The body is made of billions of cells.'

The store sells various types of battery cells for electronic devices.

In writing, learners sometimes struggle with the pluralization of compound nouns involving 'cell.' For instance, when talking about multiple mobile phones, you say 'cell phones,' not 'cells phone.' Similarly, when discussing different types of biological units, you say 'blood cells' or 'nerve cells.' Another nuance is the difference between 'cell' and 'cellular.' 'Cell' is the noun, while 'cellular' is the adjective. You would say 'cellular biology' or 'cellular network,' but you wouldn't say 'cell biology' (though this is sometimes used informally, 'cellular' is more precise in academic settings).

Biological vs. Chemical: Mistake: 'An oxygen cell.' Correct: 'An oxygen atom.' Cells are much larger and more complex than atoms.

A single human cell contains trillions of atoms.

Finally, there is often confusion between 'cell' and 'tissue.' A cell is a single unit, while tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. For example, muscle tissue is made up of many muscle cells. If you are talking about a large sample of skin, you are likely talking about 'tissue,' but if you are talking about the individual units within that sample, you use 'cells.' Misusing these terms in a biology exam can lead to lost points, so it's important to keep the hierarchy of biological organization in mind: cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up systems.

The doctor took a tissue sample to look for abnormal cells.

Technical Precision: In spreadsheets, don't confuse 'cell' with 'field.' A 'cell' is the specific box, while a 'field' often refers to the entire column of data in a database.

Each cell in this column should contain a date.

While traveling in London, I noticed everyone said 'mobile' instead of 'cell'.

Depending on the context, there are several words that can serve as alternatives or related terms to cells. In biology, while 'cell' is the most precise term, you might hear 'unit' or 'corpuscle' (specifically for blood cells, though this is somewhat dated). If you are discussing the structure of a living thing, 'building block' is a very common metaphorical synonym. For example, 'Proteins are the building blocks of cells.' This helps visualize the relationship between different biological components.

Biological Comparisons: 'Cell' vs. 'Organism': A cell is a single unit; an organism is the whole living thing. A bacterium is a single-celled organism.

The amoeba is a fascinating single-celled organism that performs all life functions within one cell.

In the context of technology and data, 'cell' can be replaced by 'unit,' 'module,' or 'compartment.' In a spreadsheet, 'cell' is the standard term, but in database design, you might use 'entry' or 'field.' When talking about batteries, 'cell' refers to the individual chemical unit, while 'battery' usually refers to the entire pack. For example, a laptop battery is actually a 'battery pack' made of several 'lithium-ion cells.' Understanding this distinction is helpful for technical writing and troubleshooting electronic devices.

Prison and Confinement: 'Cell' vs. 'Room' vs. 'Chamber': A cell implies a small, often locked or restrictive space. A 'chamber' sounds more formal or ancient.

The monk's cell was sparse, containing only a bed and a small desk.

In social contexts, a 'cell' is similar to a 'faction,' 'wing,' or 'branch' of an organization, but it specifically implies a small, secretive, and often autonomous group. If you are talking about a political party, you might say 'local branch,' but if you are talking about an underground resistance movement, 'cell' is the more appropriate term. This nuance conveys a sense of secrecy and compartmentalization. Finally, in the context of mobile phones, 'mobile' is the primary alternative. While 'cell' focuses on the network structure, 'mobile' focuses on the portability of the device.

The resistance was organized into small cells to prevent the entire network from being compromised.

Spreadsheet Alternatives: 'Cell' vs. 'Box': In casual conversation, you might say 'the box on the spreadsheet,' but 'cell' is the professional term.

Please put your name in the top-left cell of the form.

The engineer explained that if one cell in the battery pack fails, the whole system might shut down.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Even though Robert Hooke named them 'cells,' the structures he saw in the cork were actually the dead cell walls of the plant, not the living cells themselves!

発音ガイド

UK /selz/

US /sɛlz/

The stress is on the single syllable of the word.

韻が合う語

Bells Tells Sells Shells Spells Wells Dwells Smells

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'C' like a 'K' (it should be an 'S' sound).
Confusing the pronunciation with 'seals' (which has a long 'ee' sound).
Not voicing the final 's' (it should sound like 'z').
Confusing it with 'sales' (which has an 'ay' sound).
Making the 'e' too long.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in most contexts, but technical scientific texts can be harder.

ライティング 3/5

Simple spelling, but must distinguish from 'sells'.

スピーキング 2/5

Easy to pronounce; very common in daily life.

リスニング 3/5

Must listen for context to distinguish from 'sells' or 'seals'.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

Body Small Part Life Phone

次に学ぶ

Tissue Organ Organism Bacteria Microscope

上級

Cytology Metabolism Mitochondria Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

知っておくべき文法

Pluralization of Countable Nouns

One cell, two cells.

Compound Nouns

Cell phone, where 'cell' acts as a modifier.

Homophones

Distinguishing 'cells' (noun) from 'sells' (verb).

Adjective Formation

Changing 'cell' to 'cellular' to describe biology or networks.

Collective Nouns and Parts

Using 'cells' to describe the parts of a 'tissue'.

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レベル別の例文

The human body has many tiny cells.

Le corps humain a beaucoup de petites cellules.

Plural noun 'cells'.

I use my cell phone every day.

J'utilise mon téléphone portable tous les jours.

Compound noun 'cell phone'.

Plants are made of cells too.

Les plantes sont aussi faites de cellules.

Plural noun.

The battery has one cell.

La batterie a une cellule.

Singular noun 'cell'.

Can you see the cells?

Peux-tu voir les cellules ?

Question form.

There are red cells in your blood.

Il y a des cellules rouges dans ton sang.

Adjective + noun.

The prisoner is in his cell.

Le prisonnier est dans sa cellule.

Singular noun.

Click on the cell in the table.

Clique sur la cellule dans le tableau.

Imperative sentence.

The doctor looked at my blood cells.

Le médecin a regardé mes cellules sanguines.

Past tense verb + object.

This battery cell is dead.

Cette cellule de batterie est morte.

Singular subject.

We learned about plant cells in school.

Nous avons appris les cellules végétales à l'école.

Prepositional phrase 'in school'.

My cell phone battery is low.

La batterie de mon téléphone portable est faible.

Possessive 'phone battery'.

The spreadsheet has many empty cells.

Le tableur a beaucoup de cellules vides.

Adjective 'empty'.

The police put him in a holding cell.

La police l'a mis dans une cellule de détenton.

Compound noun 'holding cell'.

Skin cells grow back quickly.

Les cellules de la peau repoussent rapidement.

Present simple for facts.

Solar cells turn sunlight into power.

Les cellules solaires transforment la lumière du soleil en énergie.

Subject-verb-object.

Cells are the basic units of all living things.

Les cellules sont les unités de base de tous les êtres vivants.

Definition structure.

The scientist observed cell division under the microscope.

Le scientifique a observé la division cellulaire au microscope.

Noun phrase 'cell division'.

White blood cells help fight off infections.

Les globules blancs aident à combattre les infections.

Helping verb 'help'.

He was locked in a small prison cell for two days.

Il a été enfermé dans une petite cellule de prison pendant deux jours.

Passive voice 'was locked'.

The formula in cell A5 calculates the total cost.

La formule dans la cellule A5 calcule le coût total.

Specific reference 'cell A5'.

New technology has made solar cells much cheaper.

La nouvelle technologie a rendu les cellules solaires beaucoup moins chères.

Present perfect tense.

The brain contains billions of nerve cells called neurons.

Le cerveau contient des milliards de cellules nerveuses appelées neurones.

Participial phrase 'called neurons'.

A sleeper cell is a group of secret agents.

Une cellule dormante est un groupe d'agents secrets.

Metaphorical usage.

Stem cells have the unique ability to become any type of cell.

Les cellules souches ont la capacité unique de devenir n'importe quel type de cellule.

Infinitive phrase 'to become'.

The cancer cells were spreading rapidly through the tissue.

Les cellules cancéreuses se propageaient rapidement à travers le tissu.

Past continuous tense.

Each cell in the network covers a specific geographic area.

Chaque cellule du réseau couvre une zone géographique spécifique.

Singular subject 'each cell'.

The development of fuel cells could revolutionize the car industry.

Le développement des piles à combustible pourrait révolutionner l'industrie automobile.

Modal verb 'could'.

The prisoner spent years in a solitary confinement cell.

Le prisonnier a passé des années dans une cellule d'isolement.

Complex noun phrase.

Microbiologists study how cells interact with their environment.

Les microbiologistes étudient comment les cellules interagissent avec leur environnement.

Noun clause 'how cells interact'.

The spreadsheet's cells are formatted to display currency.

Les cellules du tableur sont formatées pour afficher la devise.

Passive voice with infinitive.

The intelligence agency uncovered a terrorist cell operating in the capital.

L'agence de renseignement a découvert une cellule terroriste opérant dans la capitale.

Present participle 'operating'.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy.

La respiration cellulaire est le processus par lequel les cellules produisent de l'énergie.

Relative clause 'by which'.

The ethical implications of editing human cells are widely debated.

Les implications éthiques de la modification des cellules humaines sont largement débattues.

Gerund 'editing' as object of preposition.

The battery pack consists of hundreds of individual lithium-ion cells.

Le bloc-batterie se compose de centaines de cellules lithium-ion individuelles.

Phrasal verb 'consists of'.

The virus invades the host cells and hijacks their genetic machinery.

Le virus envahit les cellules hôtes et détourne leur machinerie génétique.

Parallel verbs 'invades' and 'hijacks'.

The architectural design of the prison minimized contact between cells.

La conception architecturale de la prison a minimisé les contacts entre les cellules.

Abstract subject.

Data integrity is compromised if the cells contain inconsistent values.

L'intégrité des données est compromise si les cellules contiennent des valeurs incohérentes.

Conditional 'if' clause.

The resistance movement was composed of autonomous cells to ensure security.

Le mouvement de résistance était composé de cellules autonomes pour assurer la sécurité.

Passive voice with purpose clause.

Photovoltaic cells have become significantly more efficient over the last decade.

Les cellules photovoltaïques sont devenues nettement plus efficaces au cours de la dernière décennie.

Present perfect with adverbial phrase.

The intricate dance of organelles within the cell is a marvel of evolution.

La danse complexe des organites au sein de la cellule est une merveille de l'évolution.

Metaphorical language.

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is essential for healthy development.

L'apoptose, ou mort cellulaire programmée, est essentielle à un développement sain.

Appositive phrase.

The litigation centered on the patenting of specific human cell lines.

Le litige portait sur le brevetage de lignées cellulaires humaines spécifiques.

Specialized legal/scientific vocabulary.

The network's cellular topology allows for seamless handovers between base stations.

La topologie cellulaire du réseau permet des transferts fluides entre les stations de base.

Technical jargon 'topology' and 'handovers'.

The philosopher compared the individual in society to a single cell in an organism.

Le philosophe a comparé l'individu dans la société à une cellule unique dans un organisme.

Simile structure.

Advancements in cryopreservation have enabled the long-term storage of reproductive cells.

Les progrès de la cryoconservation ont permis le stockage à long terme des cellules reproductrices.

Complex subject and object.

The suspect's cell was searched thoroughly for any signs of contraband.

La cellule du suspect a été fouillée de fond en comble pour trouver tout signe de contrebande.

Passive voice with adverbial emphasis.

The spreadsheet's macro automatically populates the cells based on external data.

La macro du tableur remplit automatiquement les cellules en fonction de données externes.

Technical computing context.

よく使う組み合わせ

Stem cells

Blood cells

Cell phone

Solar cells

Prison cell

Cell division

Nerve cells

Battery cell

Sleeper cell

Cancer cells

よく使うフレーズ

Brain cells

— The cells in the brain; often used informally to talk about intelligence.

I think I'm losing my brain cells trying to solve this puzzle.

Cell tower

— A tall structure that sends and receives mobile phone signals.

The reception is bad because we are far from the nearest cell tower.

Holding cell

— A temporary prison room where people are kept before seeing a judge.

The suspect was kept in a holding cell at the police station.

Fuel cell

— A device that produces electricity through a chemical reaction, often using hydrogen.

Hydrogen fuel cells are a clean way to power buses.

Cell membrane

— The thin outer layer of a cell that controls what goes in and out.

The cell membrane protects the internal parts of the cell.

Single-celled

— An organism that consists of only one cell.

Bacteria are single-celled organisms.

Cell wall

— A stiff outer layer found in plant cells but not animal cells.

The cell wall gives plant stalks their strength.

Cell culture

— The process of growing cells in a laboratory setting.

The vaccine was developed using a specific cell culture.

Dry cell

— A type of battery that uses a paste rather than a liquid electrolyte.

Most household batteries are dry cells.

Terrorist cell

— A small group of people working together for a terrorist organization.

The authorities dismantled a terrorist cell last week.

よく混同される語

cells vs Sells

A verb meaning to give something for money. Sounds the same as 'cells'.

cells vs Seals

Animals or things that close an opening. Pronounced with a longer 'ee' sound.

cells vs Sales

The plural of 'sale'. Pronounced with an 'ay' sound.

慣用句と表現

"Burn some brain cells"

— To think very hard about something difficult.

I really had to burn some brain cells to finish that exam.

Informal

"Cellar dweller"

— While not directly 'cell,' it relates to the same root; refers to a team in last place.

Our local team has been a cellar dweller for three seasons.

Informal/Sports

"In the cell"

— Being in prison.

He spent the night in the cell after the protest.

Neutral

"Cell-mate"

— A person you share a prison cell with.

He and his cell-mate became good friends over the years.

Neutral

"Cellular level"

— At the most basic or fundamental level of something.

The change in the company needs to happen at a cellular level.

Metaphorical/Formal

"Dead cell"

— A unit of a battery that no longer holds a charge.

One dead cell can ruin the whole battery pack.

Technical

"Cell-block"

— A section of a prison containing many cells.

The riot started in Cell-block D.

Neutral

"Sleeper cell"

— A group of people waiting to be activated for a task.

The spy was part of a sleeper cell that had been in the country for years.

Neutral

"Soft cell"

— A room in a psychiatric hospital with padded walls (dated).

The patient was moved to a soft cell for his own safety.

Neutral

"Cellular signal"

— The radio signal used by mobile phones.

I can't call you; there's no cellular signal here.

Neutral

間違えやすい

cells vs Atom

Both are 'basic units'.

An atom is the basic unit of a chemical element (matter), while a cell is the basic unit of life. Cells are made of trillions of atoms.

Water is made of atoms, but a leaf is made of cells.

cells vs Tissue

Both are biological levels.

A cell is a single unit; tissue is a collection of many similar cells working together.

Muscle tissue is made of many muscle cells.

cells vs Molecule

Both are microscopic units.

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together. Cells contain many different types of molecules (like DNA or proteins).

A DNA molecule is found inside the cell.

cells vs Organ

Both are parts of the body.

An organ (like the heart) is a large structure made of different types of tissues, which are in turn made of cells.

The heart is an organ that contains many muscle cells.

cells vs Battery

In tech, they are used together.

A battery is often the whole device, while a cell is one of the individual power-producing units inside it.

This 12V battery is made of six 2V cells.

文型パターン

The [Noun] has [Number] cells.

The body has many cells.

I have a [Adjective] cell phone.

I have a new cell phone.

Cells are the [Metaphor] of [Noun].

Cells are the building blocks of life.

[Type] cells are used for [Action].

Solar cells are used for generating electricity.

The [Process] occurs within the cells.

The chemical reaction occurs within the cells.

The [Abstract Noun] of cells is [Adjective].

The structural integrity of cells is remarkable.

He was [Verb] in a [Type] cell.

He was held in a prison cell.

Enter the [Data] into cell [Coordinate].

Enter the price into cell C10.

語族

名詞

Cell

Cellule

Cellulose

Cellularity

動詞

Cellulate

形容詞

Cellular

Unicellular

Multicellular

Celled

使い方

frequency

Very common in science, technology, and daily life.

よくある間違い

The body is made of billions of sells. → The body is made of billions of cells.
Confusing the noun 'cells' with the verb 'sells'.
I need to buy a new cells phone. → I need to buy a new cell phone.
In compound nouns, the first noun (cell) usually stays singular even if the whole thing is plural (cell phones).
Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen cells. → Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Water is a chemical, not a living organism, so it is made of atoms, not cells.
The doctor took a cell sample of my skin. → The doctor took a tissue sample of my skin.
While the sample contains cells, doctors usually refer to a piece of skin as 'tissue'.
The cell's phone is ringing. → The cell phone is ringing.
You don't need a possessive 's' for the compound noun 'cell phone'.

ヒント

Science Context

When talking about biology, always remember that cells are living units. If it's not alive, it's probably an atom or molecule.

Cell vs Sells

Remember: 'Cell' with a 'C' is a noun (a thing). 'Sell' with an 'S' is a verb (an action). You sell a cell phone.

Regional English

If you are in the UK, use 'mobile' instead of 'cell' for your phone to sound more like a local.

Spreadsheets

In Excel, use the word 'cell' to refer to a single box. It makes you sound more professional than saying 'the little box'.

Blood Work

If a doctor mentions your 'cell count,' they are usually talking about your red or white blood cells.

History

Think of monks in small rooms to remember that 'cell' means a small, self-contained space.

Batteries

A 'battery' is often a collection of 'cells.' If you open a large battery, you will see many smaller cells inside.

Secret Groups

In movies, a 'cell' is a small group that works alone so that if they are caught, the rest of the group is safe.

Plurals

Since organisms are made of many units, you will almost always use the plural 'cells' in biology.

Metaphors

Use the 'building block' metaphor to explain cells to others; it's the most common way people understand them.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Cell' as a 'Small Shell' or a 'Small Bell'—it's a tiny, contained unit. Or remember: 'Cells are the Smallest Rooms of Life.'

視覚的連想

Imagine a honeycomb. Each individual hexagon is a 'cell.' This is exactly how biological cells or spreadsheet cells look when grouped together.

Word Web

Biology Battery Phone Prison Spreadsheet Unit Small Life

チャレンジ

Try to find five different things in your house that can be described using the word 'cell' (e.g., a battery, your phone, a plant leaf, a spreadsheet on your laptop, a piece of wood).

語源

The word 'cell' comes from the Latin word 'cella,' which means 'small room' or 'store-room.' It was first used in a biological sense by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1665. When he looked at a thin slice of cork under a microscope, he saw many tiny, rectangular holes that reminded him of the small rooms (cells) where monks lived in a monastery.

元の意味： A small room, a hut, or a compartment.

Indo-European (Latin branch)

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'cell' to refer to a person's living situation unless you are specifically talking about a prison or a monastery, as it implies a very small and restrictive space.

Americans say 'cell phone'; British people say 'mobile.' Both understand 'cell' in biology.

Robert Hooke's 'Micrographia' (1665) The movie 'The Cell' (2000) The song 'Soft Cell' by the band of the same name

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Biology Class

Cell membrane
Cell nucleus
Plant cells
Animal cells

Doctor's Office

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Cell count
Abnormal cells

Tech Store

Cell phone
Cell reception
Battery cell
Solar cell

Office Work

Spreadsheet cell
Empty cell
Format cell
Cell reference

News/Crime

Prison cell
Terrorist cell
Sleeper cell
Holding cell

会話のきっかけ

"Did you know that the human body has over 30 trillion cells?"

"Do you prefer to say 'cell phone' or 'mobile phone'?"

"Have you ever looked at plant cells under a microscope?"

"Do you think stem cell research is the future of medicine?"

"How many cells do you usually have in your spreadsheets at work?"

日記のテーマ

Imagine you are a single cell in a human body. Describe your daily job and what you see around you.

Write about a time you had a very bad cell phone signal. Where were you and what happened?

If you could use stem cells to cure any disease, which one would you choose and why?

Describe the difference between a prison cell and a monk's cell. How are they similar and different?

Think about the metaphor 'building blocks of life.' Why is 'cell' a good word for this?

よくある質問

10 問

Plant cells have a stiff cell wall and chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells do not. Both have a nucleus and a cell membrane. You can see these differences clearly under a microscope.

It comes from 'cellular phone.' The mobile network is divided into geographic areas called 'cells,' each served by a transmitter. This is why the technology is called cellular.

Scientists estimate there are about 37.2 trillion cells in an average adult human body. These include skin cells, blood cells, nerve cells, and many others.

Stem cells are special cells that can develop into many different cell types, such as muscle cells or brain cells. They are very important for medical research and healing.

No, a virus is not a cell. Viruses are much smaller and simpler than cells. They cannot reproduce on their own and must infect a living cell to make copies of themselves.

A prison cell is a small room where a prisoner is kept. It usually contains a bed, a toilet, and very little else. The word 'cell' here refers to the small, enclosed space.

In a spreadsheet, a cell is the box where a row and a column meet. You identify it by a letter and a number, like 'A1'. You can type text, numbers, or formulas into a cell.

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This is how organisms grow and how our bodies repair damaged tissue.

White blood cells are a key part of the body's immune system. They help the body fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other germs that enter the body.

Most cells are too small to see without a microscope. However, some cells, like a bird's egg (which is a single cell), are large enough to see easily!

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