このページをあなたの言語で

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B2 noun #45 よく出る 17分で読める

outbreaks

上位45

練習する例文メモとヒント outbreaks 30秒で

解説 outbreaks in your Level:

At the A1 level, we can think of 'outbreaks' as a word for when many people get sick at the same time in one place. Imagine a school where suddenly five or ten children have a cold. We can say there are 'outbreaks of a cold' at the school. It means something bad starts quickly. Usually, we use this word for things we don't like, like being sick. It is a plural word, so we use 'are' with it. For example, 'The outbreaks are bad.' You might hear this on the news when they talk about the flu. It is a big word, but you can remember it by thinking of something 'breaking out' or 'coming out' suddenly. Even though it is a B2 word, you can understand the basic idea of many people getting sick at once. Just remember: it's for bad things that start fast and happen in more than one spot.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

For A2 learners, 'outbreaks' refers to the sudden start of something unpleasant, like a disease or fighting. It's the plural form of 'outbreak'. You will often see it used with the word 'of', like 'outbreaks of the flu' or 'outbreaks of violence'. It tells us that something has started in several places or many times. For example, if there is a lot of rain that starts and stops suddenly, people in the UK might say 'outbreaks of rain'. It's a useful word for describing news events. When you use it, remember that it's a noun. You can say 'There were outbreaks of the virus in the city.' This means the virus appeared suddenly in different parts of the city. It's more serious than just saying 'people are sick'. It sounds more official and like something the government or doctors need to fix.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the B1 level, you should recognize 'outbreaks' as a term used to describe the sudden eruption of unwelcome events. It is most commonly used in medical contexts to describe a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease. For example, 'Health officials are concerned about new outbreaks of measles.' However, it can also be used for social or political issues, such as 'outbreaks of civil unrest' or 'outbreaks of rioting.' The word implies that these events were not expected and are spreading. It's important to notice that 'outbreaks' is plural, suggesting multiple instances or locations. You might also hear it in weather forecasts in the UK to describe intermittent rain ('outbreaks of rain'). When using this word, try to pair it with adjectives like 'sudden', 'sporadic', or 'widespread' to give more detail about the situation.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

As a B2 level word, 'outbreaks' is essential for discussing public health, social issues, and international relations with precision. It denotes a sudden occurrence of something unwelcome, such as war, disease, or violence. It specifically refers to the start or eruption of these events in a specific area or among a specific group of people. At this level, you should be able to use it in complex sentences and understand its nuances. For instance, you can distinguish between a 'localized outbreak' and a 'widespread outbreak.' You should also be familiar with common collocations like 'to contain an outbreak' or 'to monitor outbreaks.' The word carries a sense of urgency and often serves as a catalyst for action in a narrative or report. Understanding its plural use is key; 'outbreaks' often suggests a pattern or a series of related events across a region, rather than a single isolated incident.

At the C1 level, you should be comfortable using 'outbreaks' in both literal and metaphorical contexts. While its primary use remains in epidemiology and sociopolitical reporting (e.g., 'outbreaks of hostilities'), you can also use it to describe sudden bursts of emotion or activity. For example, 'The speaker's controversial remarks led to sporadic outbreaks of heckling from the audience.' In academic writing, 'outbreaks' is used to define specific deviations from statistical norms in disease tracking or social behavior. You should also be aware of how it differs from related terms like 'epidemics,' 'pandemics,' or 'upsurges.' A C1 learner understands that 'outbreaks' implies a breach of containment or a failure of preventative measures. It is a sophisticated choice for describing the dynamic and often volatile nature of various phenomena, from biological infections to shifts in public sentiment.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

For C2 learners, 'outbreaks' is a versatile tool for nuanced analysis. You can use it to describe the sudden manifestation of complex phenomena across various fields. In a sociological context, you might analyze 'outbreaks of collective behavior' or 'outbreaks of institutional dissent.' In literature, you might discuss 'outbreaks of symbolism' within a text. The word's plural form allows for a discussion of systemic issues rather than isolated events. You should be able to use it with high-level collocations and in sophisticated grammatical structures. For instance, 'The socioeconomic conditions were ripe for the outbreaks of localized resistance that eventually coalesced into a national movement.' At this level, you recognize that 'outbreaks' captures the precise moment of transition from potentiality to actuality, making it an invaluable term for describing the eruption of any unwelcome or significant phenomenon in a structured and authoritative manner.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

練習する例文メモとヒント

outbreaks 30秒で

Outbreaks are sudden starts of bad things like diseases or fighting.
The word is plural, meaning it happens in many places or times.
It is commonly used in news, medicine, and history contexts.
Common collocations include 'contain outbreaks' and 'outbreaks of violence'.

The term outbreaks is a plural noun that describes the sudden, often violent or uncontrolled, start of something negative. While most commonly associated with medicine and the spread of disease, its utility extends into sociology, meteorology, and political science. When we speak of outbreaks, we are highlighting the transition from a state of dormancy or low-level presence to a state of active, widespread occurrence. It implies a breach of containment, whether that containment was a biological immune system, a political peace treaty, or a meteorological high-pressure system. The essence of the word lies in its unpredictability and the urgency it creates for those affected. In a medical context, an outbreak is the occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a defined community, geographical area, or season. It may occur in a restricted geographical area, or may extend over several countries. It may last for a few days or weeks, or for several years. A single case of a communicable disease long absent from a population, or caused by an agent not previously recognized in that community or area, or the emergence of a previously unknown disease, may also constitute an outbreak and should be reported and investigated.

Medical Context: The sudden rise in incidences of a specific illness within a localized population, such as a school or a city district.
Sociopolitical Context: The eruption of violence, rioting, or warfare after a period of tension or relative peace.
Meteorological Context: In British English specifically, it often refers to sudden periods of rain or storms, as in 'outbreaks of rain moving from the west'.

Health officials are working tirelessly to contain the recent outbreaks of the seasonal flu in the northern suburbs.

Understanding the nuances of 'outbreaks' requires recognizing its plural nature. We rarely talk about a singular 'outbreak' unless we are pinpointing one specific event; the plural 'outbreaks' suggests a broader trend or multiple points of origin. For instance, if a country is experiencing civil unrest, a journalist might report 'outbreaks of violence across the capital,' indicating that the fighting is happening in several different spots simultaneously. This pluralization adds a layer of complexity and scale to the situation being described. It suggests that the problem is not isolated but is manifesting in various locations, making it harder to control or extinguish. The word carries a heavy emotional weight, often triggering feelings of anxiety or concern because it signals that something has gone wrong and is spreading. Whether it is a virus, a fire, or a conflict, the term 'outbreaks' warns us that the situation is escalating and requires immediate attention from authorities or the public.

The history books are filled with accounts of cholera outbreaks that devastated 19th-century urban centers.

In academic and professional writing, 'outbreaks' is a technical term. Epidemiologists use it to define specific data points in disease tracking. In these circles, an outbreak is precisely defined by statistical deviations from the norm. If the baseline for a certain infection is zero, then even two cases can be classified as an outbreak. This precision is vital for public health policy. Similarly, in international relations, 'outbreaks of hostilities' is a formal way to describe the commencement of armed conflict. It avoids the more colloquial 'fight' or 'war' and instead focuses on the event of the 'breaking out' itself. This focus on the moment of transition—from peace to war, or health to sickness—is what makes 'outbreaks' such a powerful and versatile word in the English language. It captures the exact moment when a situation shifts from manageable to critical.

There were sporadic outbreaks of applause throughout the otherwise somber memorial service.

Emotional Outbreaks: Occasionally used for sudden bursts of emotion, like laughter or weeping, though 'outbursts' is more common for individuals.
Agricultural Outbreaks: Refers to sudden infestations of pests or blights affecting crops across a region.

The farmer was concerned about the outbreaks of locusts reported in the neighboring county.

Finally, the word 'outbreaks' is often paired with verbs that indicate control or lack thereof. We 'contain' outbreaks, 'monitor' them, 'prevent' them, or 'suffer' from them. This linguistic pairing shows how we view these events: as external forces that must be managed. When an outbreak 'occurs,' it is seen as a breach of the status quo. By using this word, speakers and writers are often setting the stage for a discussion about response, resilience, and the measures taken to return to normalcy. It is a word of action and reaction, forever tied to the human effort to maintain order against the chaotic 'breaking out' of unwanted phenomena.

Using the word outbreaks correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a countable noun and its typical collocations. Because it refers to a 'sudden occurrence,' it is often preceded by adjectives that describe the frequency, severity, or nature of the event. Common adjectives include 'sudden,' 'sporadic,' 'widespread,' 'localized,' 'violent,' and 'recurrent.' These modifiers help the reader understand the scale and intensity of the outbreaks being discussed. For example, 'sporadic outbreaks' suggests that the events are happening at irregular intervals and in scattered locations, whereas 'widespread outbreaks' indicates a more systemic and pervasive problem. When constructing sentences, it is also important to consider the preposition 'of,' which almost always follows 'outbreaks' to specify what exactly is breaking out.

Adjective + Outbreaks: 'Localized outbreaks' of the disease were confined to the coastal villages.
Outbreaks + of + Noun: The region has seen several 'outbreaks of violence' since the elections ended.

Meteorologists predicted outbreaks of severe thunderstorms across the plains throughout the weekend.

In terms of verb agreement, 'outbreaks' is plural, so it requires plural verb forms. You would say 'outbreaks are increasing,' not 'outbreaks is increasing.' Furthermore, certain verbs are frequently used to describe the management of outbreaks. Public health officials 'track' and 'trace' outbreaks. Governments 'respond to' or 'suppress' outbreaks of civil unrest. Scientists 'study the causes of' outbreaks to prevent future occurrences. Using these specific verbs will make your writing sound more professional and natural. For instance, instead of saying 'the outbreaks happened,' you might say 'the outbreaks emerged' or 'the outbreaks were reported.' These choices provide more precise information about how the information about the outbreaks reached the public or the authorities.

The new policy aims to minimize the risk of foodborne outbreaks in public school cafeterias.

Another important aspect of using 'outbreaks' is its placement within a sentence to create emphasis. Placing it at the beginning of a sentence can create a sense of urgency: 'Outbreaks of the virus have now been confirmed in five different states.' This structure immediately alerts the reader to the problem. Alternatively, placing it at the end of a sentence can provide a concluding explanation for a series of events: 'The economic instability eventually led to widespread outbreaks of social protest.' Here, the word serves as the climax of the sentence, showing the result of the previously mentioned instability. This versatility allows writers to control the flow and impact of their information effectively.

Despite the ceasefire, sporadic outbreaks of gunfire could still be heard in the distance.

Verb + Outbreaks: 'To contain outbreaks' means to stop them from spreading further.
Subject + Outbreaks: 'Outbreaks occurred' simultaneously in three different regions.

The government's failure to address the housing crisis resulted in frequent outbreaks of public anger.

Finally, consider the register of your sentence. 'Outbreaks' is a relatively formal word. In very casual conversation, people might say 'it started happening everywhere' or 'there was a lot of [thing] going on.' However, 'outbreaks' provides a level of seriousness and precision that is expected in news reporting, academic essays, and professional briefings. By mastering its use, you can convey complex situations involving sudden changes and widespread impacts with clarity and authority. Whether you are describing a biological threat, a social movement, or a weather pattern, 'outbreaks' is an essential tool in your vocabulary for describing the dynamic and often challenging nature of our world.

The word outbreaks is a staple of news broadcasting and journalism. If you tune into a global news network like the BBC, CNN, or Al Jazeera, you will frequently hear it in the context of health and safety. News anchors use it to report on the latest developments in disease control, such as 'outbreaks of Ebola' or 'outbreaks of avian flu.' This usage is designed to inform the public quickly about potential risks. In these settings, the word is often accompanied by maps showing red dots where the outbreaks are occurring, reinforcing the idea of specific, localized eruptions of a problem. Journalists also use it when reporting on conflict zones, describing 'outbreaks of fighting' between rival factions. In these cases, the word helps to convey the volatile and unpredictable nature of the situation, where peace can be shattered at any moment by a sudden burst of violence.

News Media: 'Reporting on the latest outbreaks of the virus in the metropolitan area...'
Weather Forecasts: 'Expect outbreaks of rain and drizzle throughout the afternoon...' (Common in the UK).

The evening news began with a report on the sudden outbreaks of civil unrest in the capital city.

In addition to the news, you will encounter 'outbreaks' in historical documentaries and textbooks. Historians use the word to describe pivotal moments when long-simmering tensions finally boiled over into open conflict. For example, a documentary about the American Civil War might discuss the 'outbreaks of violence' in Kansas that preceded the formal start of the war. Similarly, in the history of science, the word is used to describe the great plagues and pandemics of the past. Reading about 'outbreaks of the Black Death' or 'outbreaks of the Spanish Flu' helps students understand the cyclical and devastating nature of infectious diseases throughout human history. In these contexts, 'outbreaks' serves as a bridge between the past and the present, showing that while our technology has changed, the fundamental patterns of disease and conflict remain remarkably consistent.

In the 14th century, outbreaks of the plague decimated the population of Europe.

In professional environments, particularly in healthcare, public policy, and emergency management, 'outbreaks' is used in meetings and reports. A hospital administrator might discuss 'outbreaks of MRSA' in a particular ward, focusing on the protocols needed to stop the spread. A city planner might look at 'outbreaks of crime' in certain neighborhoods to determine where to allocate more resources. In these settings, the word is used with a focus on problem-solving and mitigation. It is not just a description of a problem, but a call to action. Professionals use the word to categorize and quantify issues, allowing them to apply specific strategies and interventions. This usage highlights the word's role as a tool for organization and response in the face of unexpected challenges.

The emergency response team was briefed on the potential for outbreaks of waterborne diseases after the flood.

Academic Journals: 'A retrospective study of measles outbreaks in urban environments...'
Police Reports: 'There were several outbreaks of vandalism following the high school football game.'

The sci-fi novel depicts a future where humanity struggles against constant outbreaks of a mysterious alien fungus.

Finally, you might hear 'outbreaks' in more metaphorical or creative contexts. A writer might describe 'outbreaks of joy' or 'outbreaks of creativity' to suggest a sudden, irrepressible surge of positive energy. While less common than the negative usages, these examples show the word's ability to capture the essence of a sudden eruption, regardless of the subject matter. Whether it is used in a literal sense to describe a virus or a metaphorical sense to describe a feeling, 'outbreaks' remains a powerful word for describing the moments when something breaks through the surface and makes itself known to the world.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with the word outbreaks is confusing it with its close relative, 'breakouts.' While they share the same root words, their usage is quite different. An 'outbreak' is something that happens *to* a population or in an area (like a disease or violence), whereas a 'breakout' often refers to an escape (like a prison breakout) or a sudden success (like a breakout star in a movie). Another common error is using 'outbreaks' for positive events without a clear metaphorical context. Since the primary definition is 'a sudden occurrence of something unwelcome,' using it for something like 'outbreaks of sunshine' might sound strange to a native speaker, unless they are using it ironically or specifically referring to a break in a long period of clouds. It is safer to stick to negative or neutral events when starting out.

Outbreak vs. Breakout: 'Outbreak' = sudden start of disease/war. 'Breakout' = escape from prison or a sudden success.
Singular vs. Plural: Don't forget the 's' when talking about multiple events. 'There were many outbreak' is incorrect; it must be 'outbreaks'.

Incorrect: The breakout of the flu was very serious. (Should be 'outbreak').

Another mistake involves the preposition that follows the word. Learners sometimes use 'in' or 'at' when they should use 'of.' While you can say 'outbreaks *in* London,' you must say 'outbreaks *of* cholera.' The 'of' specifies the type of event, while the 'in' specifies the location. Mixing these up can lead to confusion. For example, 'outbreaks in cholera' sounds like the outbreaks are physically inside the cholera, which makes no sense. Additionally, be careful with the verb 'break out.' While 'outbreaks' is a noun, 'break out' is a phrasal verb. You might say 'War broke out,' but you wouldn't say 'The outbreaks broke out.' Instead, use 'occurred,' 'happened,' or 'were reported.' This avoids redundant phrasing and makes your English sound more sophisticated.

Correct: We are monitoring outbreaks of the virus in several rural communities.

Confusing 'outbreaks' with 'epidemics' or 'pandemics' is also common. While an outbreak can lead to an epidemic, they are not the same thing. An outbreak is a sudden increase in cases in a small, specific area. An epidemic is a larger-scale outbreak that affects a whole region or country. A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread over multiple countries or continents. Using 'outbreaks' when you mean 'pandemic' might downplay the severity of a global situation. Conversely, using 'pandemic' for a small cluster of cases in one school is an exaggeration. Choosing the right word based on the scale of the event is crucial for accurate communication, especially in scientific or journalistic contexts.

Incorrect: The global outbreak of 1918 killed millions. (Better to use 'pandemic').

Outbreak vs. Epidemic: An 'outbreak' is localized; an 'epidemic' is regional or national.
Outbreak vs. Rash: A 'rash' of something (like a rash of burglaries) is similar but more informal and often implies a series of small, annoying events rather than a major crisis.

The city saw a rash of petty thefts, but no major outbreaks of violent crime.

Finally, be careful with the spelling. It is one word: 'outbreak' (singular) or 'outbreaks' (plural). Some learners mistakenly split it into two words ('out breaks'), which changes the meaning entirely to a verb phrase. Also, ensure you don't confuse it with 'outcomes,' which means results. 'The outbreaks of the study' is incorrect; it should be 'the outcomes of the study.' By paying attention to these subtle differences in meaning, scale, and grammar, you can avoid common pitfalls and use 'outbreaks' with the precision and clarity of a native speaker.

When you want to describe a sudden start or increase in something, 'outbreaks' is a great choice, but there are several other words that might be more precise depending on the context. For instance, if you are talking about a sudden, violent explosion of activity, eruption might be more appropriate. While 'outbreaks' suggests a spreading phenomenon, 'eruption' focuses on the force and suddenness of the start, much like a volcano. You might hear about an 'eruption of violence' or an 'eruption of cheers.' Another alternative is upsurge, which implies a strong, upward trend or increase. This is often used in economic or social contexts, such as an 'upsurge in interest rates' or an 'upsurge in public support.' Unlike 'outbreaks,' an upsurge isn't necessarily negative.

Eruption: Focuses on the sudden, forceful nature of the start. (e.g., 'An eruption of anger').
Upsurge: Focuses on a strong increase or rise. (e.g., 'An upsurge in demand').
Epidemic: Used specifically for large-scale medical outbreaks. (e.g., 'The flu epidemic').

The news reported a sudden eruption of protests following the controversial court ruling.

In a medical context, flare-up is a common synonym, especially for chronic conditions that suddenly become active again. You might have a 'flare-up of eczema' or a 'flare-up of a long-standing conflict.' A 'flare-up' is usually smaller in scale than an 'outbreak' and implies that the problem was already there but had been quiet. Another useful word is spate, which refers to a large number of similar things happening in a short period. For example, a 'spate of burglaries' or a 'spate of bad luck.' While 'outbreaks' suggests the *start* of something, 'spate' focuses on the *quantity* of events happening close together. This distinction is subtle but important for choosing the most accurate word for your situation.

The doctor noted a recent flare-up in the patient's asthma symptoms due to the high pollen count.

For more formal or academic writing, you might consider manifestations or incidences. 'Manifestations' refers to the different ways a problem shows itself, while 'incidences' refers to the rate or frequency of something happening. For example, 'The various manifestations of the disease included fever and a rash,' or 'The incidences of the virus were higher in urban areas.' These words are more clinical and less dramatic than 'outbreaks.' If you are writing a scientific paper, these might be better choices. However, for general communication and news reporting, 'outbreaks' remains the most powerful and widely understood term for a sudden, unwelcome eruption of a problem.

There has been a notable spate of cyberattacks targeting small businesses this month.

Flare-up: A sudden return of a condition or conflict. (e.g., 'A flare-up of tension').
Spate: A large number of similar events in a short time. (e.g., 'A spate of accidents').
Incidence: The frequency or rate of occurrence. (e.g., 'The incidence of the disease is falling').

The researchers tracked the incidences of the new strain across several different climate zones.

In summary, while 'outbreaks' is a fantastic and essential word, knowing its alternatives allows you to paint a more detailed and accurate picture of the situation you are describing. Whether you need the explosive force of an 'eruption,' the recurring nature of a 'flare-up,' the sheer volume of a 'spate,' or the clinical precision of 'incidences,' having these words in your vocabulary will make you a more effective and nuanced communicator in English.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'outbreak' has been used to describe diseases since at least the 17th century, but its use for social unrest became more common in the 19th century.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈaʊt.breɪks/

US /ˈaʊt.breɪks/

The primary stress is on the first syllable: OUT-breaks.

韻が合う語

cakes lakes snakes takes makes shakes bakes fakes

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as two separate words: 'out breaks'.
Confusing the 'ea' sound with 'ee' (e.g., 'out-breeks').
Forgetting the 's' sound at the end.
Putting the stress on the second syllable.
Pronouncing the 'ou' like 'oo' (e.g., 'oot-breaks').

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in news and textbooks, but requires understanding context.

ライティング 5/5

Requires correct plural usage and collocations like 'outbreaks of'.

スピーキング 4/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but it's a more formal word.

リスニング 4/5

Easy to recognize in news reports once you know the meaning.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

break out sudden disease violence

次に学ぶ

epidemic pandemic eruption containment hostilities

上級

pathogen epidemiology insurgency manifestation quiescence

知っておくべき文法

Plural Noun Agreement

The outbreaks *are* spreading quickly.

Prepositional Phrases with 'of'

Outbreaks *of* violence were reported.

Adjective Placement

There were *sporadic* outbreaks.

Passive Voice with 'Contain'

The outbreaks *were contained* by the health team.

Compound Nouns

We are studying *disease outbreaks*.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

レベル別の例文

There are outbreaks of the flu in my school.

Ada wabah flu di sekolah saya.

Uses 'are' because 'outbreaks' is plural.

The doctor said there are outbreaks of a cold.

Dokter bilang ada wabah pilek.

Plural noun 'outbreaks' as the subject.

We saw outbreaks of rain today.

Kami melihat hujan yang datang tiba-tiba hari ini.

Common British usage for intermittent rain.

Outbreaks of sickness make people stay home.

Wabah penyakit membuat orang tinggal di rumah.

Subject-verb agreement: 'outbreaks' (plural) + 'make' (plural verb).

Are there any outbreaks in this city?

Apakah ada wabah di kota ini?

Question form using 'Are there'.

The news reported outbreaks of a new virus.

Berita melaporkan wabah virus baru.

Direct object of the verb 'reported'.

Wash your hands to stop outbreaks.

Cuci tanganmu untuk menghentikan wabah.

Used as the object of the infinitive 'to stop'.

Small outbreaks can become big problems.

Wabah kecil bisa menjadi masalah besar.

Adjective 'small' modifying 'outbreaks'.

There were several outbreaks of the virus last winter.

Ada beberapa wabah virus musim dingin lalu.

Past tense 'were' with plural 'outbreaks'.

The government is trying to stop the outbreaks of violence.

Pemerintah sedang mencoba menghentikan wabah kekerasan.

Prepositional phrase 'of violence' specifies the type.

We expect outbreaks of rain in the afternoon.

Kami memperkirakan hujan yang datang tiba-tiba di sore hari.

Future expectation using 'expect'.

How many outbreaks did the hospital report?

Berapa banyak wabah yang dilaporkan rumah sakit?

Interrogative 'How many' with plural noun.

Outbreaks of the disease are very rare here.

Wabah penyakit itu sangat jarang di sini.

Adverb 'very' modifying the adjective 'rare'.

The school closed because of outbreaks of the flu.

Sekolah ditutup karena wabah flu.

Compound preposition 'because of' followed by the noun phrase.

They are monitoring new outbreaks in the north.

Mereka sedang memantau wabah baru di utara.

Present continuous 'are monitoring'.

Sudden outbreaks of anger can be scary.

Kemarahan yang tiba-tiba meledak bisa menakutkan.

Metaphorical use for emotions.

Recent outbreaks of food poisoning were linked to a local restaurant.

Wabah keracunan makanan baru-baru ini dikaitkan dengan restoran lokal.

Passive voice 'were linked to'.

The country has experienced sporadic outbreaks of civil unrest.

Negara tersebut telah mengalami wabah kerusuhan sipil yang sporadis.

Present perfect 'has experienced' with adjective 'sporadic'.

Scientists are studying the causes of these mysterious outbreaks.

Para ilmuwan sedang mempelajari penyebab wabah misterius ini.

Plural demonstrative 'these' with 'outbreaks'.

There have been outbreaks of fighting along the border.

Telah terjadi pecahnya pertempuran di sepanjang perbatasan.

Present perfect 'have been' indicating a recent series of events.

The forecast calls for outbreaks of rain and thunder later tonight.

Prakiraan cuaca memperkirakan hujan dan guntur nanti malam.

Idiomatic 'calls for' meaning 'predicts'.

Public health campaigns aim to prevent future outbreaks of measles.

Kampanye kesehatan masyarakat bertujuan untuk mencegah wabah campak di masa depan.

Infinitive 'to prevent' followed by 'outbreaks'.

The outbreaks were localized and quickly contained by the authorities.

Wabah tersebut terlokalisasi dan segera dikendalikan oleh pihak berwenang.

Adjective 'localized' and passive 'contained'.

Many people were worried about the outbreaks of the new infection.

Banyak orang khawatir tentang wabah infeksi baru tersebut.

Adjective phrase 'worried about'.

The sudden outbreaks of hostilities caught the international community by surprise.

Pecahnya permusuhan yang tiba-tiba mengejutkan komunitas internasional.

Formal term 'hostilities' used with 'outbreaks'.

Efforts to contain the outbreaks were hampered by a lack of resources.

Upaya untuk mengendalikan wabah terhambat oleh kurangnya sumber daya.

Passive voice 'were hampered by'.

The history of the region is marked by recurrent outbreaks of ethnic conflict.

Sejarah wilayah ini ditandai oleh pecahnya konflik etnis yang berulang.

Adjective 'recurrent' meaning happening repeatedly.

Meteorologists warned of outbreaks of severe weather across the Midwest.

Ahli meteorologi memperingatkan tentang pecahnya cuaca buruk di seluruh Midwest.

Verb 'warned of' followed by the noun phrase.

The vaccine has significantly reduced the number of outbreaks in the country.

Vaksin tersebut telah secara signifikan mengurangi jumlah wabah di negara itu.

Adverb 'significantly' modifying the verb 'reduced'.

There were sporadic outbreaks of laughter during the serious lecture.

Ada tawa yang meledak sesekali selama kuliah yang serius itu.

Metaphorical use for a sudden burst of sound/emotion.

The report detailed the various outbreaks of the pest that destroyed the crops.

Laporan tersebut merinci berbagai wabah hama yang menghancurkan tanaman.

Verb 'detailed' used to describe a formal report.

The rapid response team was deployed to manage the outbreaks in the remote village.

Tim respon cepat dikerahkan untuk menangani wabah di desa terpencil.

Passive voice 'was deployed' and infinitive 'to manage'.

The socioeconomic instability served as a catalyst for the outbreaks of public dissent.

Ketidakstabilan sosial ekonomi berfungsi sebagai katalisator bagi pecahnya perbedaan pendapat publik.

Abstract noun 'dissent' used with 'outbreaks'.

Epidemiologists are analyzing the genetic markers of the recent outbreaks to trace their origin.

Ahli epidemiologi sedang menganalisis penanda genetik dari wabah baru-baru ini untuk melacak asalnya.

Present continuous 'are analyzing' with technical terminology.

The treaty was designed to prevent any further outbreaks of armed conflict in the region.

Perjanjian itu dirancang untuk mencegah pecahnya konflik bersenjata lebih lanjut di wilayah tersebut.

Adjective 'armed' modifying 'conflict'.

The city's infrastructure was ill-equipped to handle the simultaneous outbreaks of fire.

Infrastruktur kota tidak siap untuk menangani pecahnya kebakaran secara bersamaan.

Adjective 'simultaneous' meaning happening at the same time.

Despite the calm exterior, there were underlying tensions that threatened to lead to outbreaks of violence.

Meskipun tampak tenang, ada ketegangan mendasar yang mengancam akan menyebabkan pecahnya kekerasan.

Complex sentence with a relative clause 'that threatened to...'.

The study highlights the correlation between climate change and the outbreaks of certain tropical diseases.

Studi ini menyoroti korelasi antara perubahan iklim dan wabah penyakit tropis tertentu.

Noun 'correlation' used to describe a scientific relationship.

The outbreaks of applause were a testament to the speaker's powerful oratory skills.

Ledakan tepuk tangan adalah bukti keterampilan pidato pembicara yang kuat.

Noun 'testament' used in a formal, metaphorical sense.

The government faced criticism for its delayed response to the outbreaks of the agricultural blight.

Pemerintah menghadapi kritik karena tanggapannya yang terlambat terhadap wabah hawar pertanian.

Noun 'criticism' followed by the preposition 'for'.

The historian argued that the outbreaks of iconoclasm were symptomatic of deeper cultural shifts.

Sejarawan tersebut berpendapat bahwa pecahnya ikonoklasme merupakan gejala dari pergeseran budaya yang lebih dalam.

Advanced vocabulary: 'iconoclasm', 'symptomatic'.

The policy was criticized for failing to address the systemic issues that precipitate such outbreaks.

Kebijakan tersebut dikritik karena gagal menangani masalah sistemik yang memicu wabah semacam itu.

Verb 'precipitate' meaning to cause something to happen suddenly.

The narrative is punctuated by sporadic outbreaks of surrealism that challenge the reader's perception.

Narasinya diselingi oleh ledakan surealisme sporadis yang menantang persepsi pembaca.

Metaphorical use in literary criticism.

The outbreaks of localized resistance were eventually subsumed into a broader revolutionary movement.

Pecahnya perlawanan lokal akhirnya dimasukkan ke dalam gerakan revolusioner yang lebih luas.

Verb 'subsumed' meaning to include or absorb something into something else.

The mathematical model attempts to predict the frequency and intensity of outbreaks in complex systems.

Model matematika tersebut mencoba memprediksi frekuensi dan intensitas wabah dalam sistem yang kompleks.

Technical use in systems theory.

The outbreaks of xenophobia were a disturbing manifestation of the country's economic anxieties.

Pecahnya xenofobia adalah manifestasi yang mengganggu dari kecemasan ekonomi negara tersebut.

Noun 'manifestation' used to describe the outward sign of an inner state.

The sheer scale of the outbreaks necessitated an unprecedented level of international cooperation.

Skala wabah yang sangat besar mengharuskan tingkat kerja sama internasional yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya.

Verb 'necessitated' and adjective 'unprecedented'.

The philosopher explored the ethical implications of state-mandated measures to suppress outbreaks.

Filsuf tersebut mengeksplorasi implikasi etis dari tindakan yang dimandatkan negara untuk menekan wabah.

Compound adjective 'state-mandated'.

よく使う組み合わせ

contain outbreaks

monitor outbreaks

prevent outbreaks

sporadic outbreaks

widespread outbreaks

localized outbreaks

outbreaks of violence

outbreaks of disease

outbreaks of rain

recent outbreaks

よく使うフレーズ

at the start of the outbreaks

— Referring to the initial moment when the events began.

At the start of the outbreaks, no one knew how serious it would be.

following the outbreaks

— Happening after the events have occurred.

Following the outbreaks, the government implemented new safety rules.

due to outbreaks of

— Explaining the reason for something based on the events.

The event was canceled due to outbreaks of the flu.

in the wake of outbreaks

— Happening as a consequence or in the aftermath of the events.

In the wake of the outbreaks, the economy suffered a major blow.

to trigger outbreaks

— To cause the sudden start of these events.

High temperatures can trigger outbreaks of certain pests.

to report outbreaks

— To officially announce that the events are happening.

Doctors are required to report outbreaks of infectious diseases.

to manage outbreaks

— To take control of and deal with the events.

The hospital has a dedicated team to manage outbreaks.

to study outbreaks

— To research the causes and patterns of the events.

Scientists study outbreaks to understand how viruses spread.

to survive outbreaks

— To live through or overcome the period of the events.

The community worked together to survive the outbreaks.

to fear outbreaks

— To be afraid that these events will happen.

Many people fear outbreaks of war in the region.

よく混同される語

outbreaks vs breakouts

A 'breakout' is usually an escape or a sudden success, while an 'outbreak' is the start of something bad.

outbreaks vs outcomes

An 'outcome' is a result or consequence, not a sudden start of an event.

outbreaks vs outputs

An 'output' is the amount of something produced, often in a factory or computer context.

慣用句と表現

"break out in a cold sweat"

— To suddenly become very scared or nervous.

He broke out in a cold sweat when he saw the test results.

informal

"break out in spots/a rash"

— To suddenly have many spots or a rash appear on the skin.

She broke out in a rash after eating the strawberries.

neutral

"all hell breaks loose"

— A situation suddenly becomes very chaotic or violent.

When the news was announced, all hell broke loose in the office.

informal

"break the news"

— To tell someone important or upsetting news for the first time.

The doctor had to break the news about the new outbreaks to the family.

neutral

"break new ground"

— To do something completely new or innovative.

The research on virus outbreaks is breaking new ground in medicine.

neutral

"break the ice"

— To do or say something to make people feel more relaxed in a social situation.

He told a joke to break the ice before discussing the outbreaks.

informal

"break the bank"

— To cost too much money.

Containing the outbreaks will certainly break the bank for the small city.

informal

"break a leg"

— A way to wish someone good luck, especially before a performance.

The scientist was nervous about his presentation on outbreaks, so his colleague said, 'Break a leg!'

informal

"break even"

— To reach a point where costs and income are equal.

The company hoped to break even despite the recent outbreaks affecting sales.

neutral

"break the silence"

— To speak after a long period of quiet or secrecy.

The official finally broke the silence regarding the recent outbreaks.

neutral

間違えやすい

outbreaks vs breakout

They sound similar and share the same root words.

An outbreak is a sudden start of a disease or war. A breakout is an escape from prison or a sudden success in a career.

The prison breakout was on the news, right next to the report on the flu outbreak.

outbreaks vs epidemic

Both refer to the spread of disease.

An outbreak is usually smaller and more localized. An epidemic is a larger-scale outbreak that affects a whole region.

The small outbreak in the village quickly grew into a national epidemic.

outbreaks vs eruption

Both describe a sudden start.

An eruption is more forceful and explosive, like a volcano. An outbreak implies a spreading phenomenon.

The eruption of the volcano was followed by outbreaks of respiratory issues.

outbreaks vs rash

Both can mean a series of events.

A 'rash' of something is more informal and often used for smaller, annoying things like thefts. 'Outbreaks' is more serious.

There was a rash of petty thefts, but no outbreaks of major crime.

outbreaks vs upsurge

Both mean an increase.

An upsurge is a general rise or trend and can be positive. An outbreak is almost always negative and sudden.

There was an upsurge in interest, but then outbreaks of criticism started.

文型パターン

There are outbreaks of [noun].

There are outbreaks of the flu.

The government is trying to stop the outbreaks of [noun].

The government is trying to stop the outbreaks of violence.

We expect outbreaks of [weather] today.

We expect outbreaks of rain today.

Recent outbreaks of [noun] have caused concern.

Recent outbreaks of the virus have caused concern.

[Adjective] outbreaks were reported in [location].

Sporadic outbreaks were reported in the capital.

The [noun] served as a catalyst for the outbreaks of [noun].

The poverty served as a catalyst for the outbreaks of dissent.

Efforts to contain the outbreaks were hampered by [noun].

Efforts to contain the outbreaks were hampered by lack of funding.

The outbreaks of [noun] were symptomatic of [noun].

The outbreaks of xenophobia were symptomatic of economic anxiety.

語族

名詞

outbreak

動詞

break out

使い方

frequency

Common in news, medical, and formal writing.

よくある間違い

Using 'breakout' instead of 'outbreak'. → The outbreak of the flu was serious.
A 'breakout' is an escape or a success. An 'outbreak' is the start of something bad like a disease.
Saying 'outbreaks in [disease]'. → Outbreaks of cholera were reported.
Use 'of' to specify the disease or problem. Use 'in' to specify the location (e.g., 'outbreaks in London').
Using 'outbreaks' for positive events. → There was an upsurge in happiness.
'Outbreaks' is almost always for negative things. For positive things, use 'upsurge', 'increase', or 'burst'.
Forgetting the 's' for multiple events. → There were many outbreaks of the virus.
'Outbreak' is a countable noun. If there is more than one, you must use the plural form 'outbreaks'.
Writing it as two words: 'out breaks'. → The outbreaks were contained.
As a noun, 'outbreak' or 'outbreaks' is always one single word. 'Out breaks' would be a verb phrase with a different meaning.

ヒント

Use 'of' for Specifics

Always follow 'outbreaks' with 'of' to specify the problem, such as 'outbreaks of measles' or 'outbreaks of rioting'. This is the most common and natural-sounding pattern.

Choose the Right Scale

Use 'outbreak' for local issues, 'epidemic' for regional ones, and 'pandemic' for global ones. This shows you understand the technical nuances of the words.

Plural Agreement

Remember that 'outbreaks' is plural. Always use plural verbs like 'are', 'were', or 'have' when 'outbreaks' is the subject of your sentence.

British Weather

If you're in the UK, don't be alarmed by 'outbreaks of rain'. It just means it will rain on and off, not that there's a major disaster happening!

Formal Tone

'Outbreaks' is a formal word. Use it in essays, reports, and professional emails to sound more authoritative and precise about a problem.

The Popping Balloon

Imagine a balloon popping and pieces flying 'out'. Each piece is an 'outbreak'. This visual can help you remember the 'sudden and multiple' nature of the word.

Flare-up vs. Outbreak

Use 'flare-up' for something that was already there but got worse. Use 'outbreak' for something that seems to start suddenly from nothing.

Avoid Redundancy

Don't say 'outbreaks broke out'. Use 'outbreaks occurred' or 'outbreaks were reported' to make your writing sound more sophisticated.

News Keywords

When you hear 'outbreaks' on the news, pay close attention—it usually means there's a new and potentially serious situation you should know about.

Stress the 'Out'

Make sure to put the emphasis on the first syllable: OUT-breaks. This is key for natural-sounding English pronunciation.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'break' that happens 'out' in the open where everyone can see it. It's a sudden 'out-break' of trouble.

視覚的連想

Imagine a balloon popping and many small pieces flying 'out'. Each piece is a new case or a new fight.

Word Web

Disease Violence War Rain Sudden Spread Contain Monitor

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences about a fictional city experiencing different types of outbreaks (e.g., disease, rain, and laughter).

語源

The word 'outbreak' is a combination of the adverb 'out' and the verb 'break'. It first appeared in Middle English as 'outbreken', meaning to break out or erupt.

元の意味： The original meaning was literally to break out of a physical space or containment.

Germanic (English)

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'outbreaks' to describe social movements, as it can sound like you are comparing people's actions to a disease.

Commonly used in news and weather reports. 'Outbreaks of rain' is a very British expression.

The movie 'Outbreak' (1995) about a deadly virus. Historical accounts of the 'Black Death' outbreaks. News reports on the 'Arab Spring' outbreaks of protest.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Public Health

contain the outbreaks
monitor the spread
vaccination prevents outbreaks
report new cases

Weather Forecasting

outbreaks of rain
sporadic showers
severe weather outbreaks
moving from the west

Conflict and War

outbreaks of hostilities
sporadic fighting
violence erupted
ceasefire broken

Social Issues

outbreaks of protest
civil unrest
public anger
uncontrolled rioting

Agriculture

pest outbreaks
crop blight
locust infestation
managing the spread

会話のきっかけ

"Have you heard about the recent outbreaks of the flu in the city?"

"Do you think the government is doing enough to prevent outbreaks of violence?"

"In your country, are there often outbreaks of rain during the summer?"

"What do you think is the most effective way to contain disease outbreaks?"

"Have you ever lived through any major outbreaks of sickness or unrest?"

日記のテーマ

Describe a time when you or your community experienced outbreaks of something, like a sickness or even a positive trend.

Write about the importance of international cooperation in managing global disease outbreaks.

How do you feel when you hear about outbreaks of violence in the news? What do you think are the root causes?

Imagine you are a scientist tracking new outbreaks of a mysterious virus. Write a report on your findings.

Discuss the metaphorical use of 'outbreaks'. Can there be outbreaks of joy, creativity, or kindness? Give examples.

よくある質問

10 問

Generally, no. 'Outbreaks' is almost always used for unwelcome things like disease, war, or violence. However, you can use it metaphorically for things like 'outbreaks of laughter' or 'outbreaks of joy' to emphasize their sudden and irrepressible nature. In these cases, it adds a creative touch to your writing.

The main difference is scale. An outbreak is a sudden increase in cases of a disease in a small, specific area, like a school or a neighborhood. An epidemic is a larger-scale event that affects a whole region or country. If an outbreak isn't contained, it can grow into an epidemic.

No, 'outbreaks of rain' is primarily a British English expression used in weather forecasts. In American English, people are more likely to say 'periods of rain,' 'scattered showers,' or 'intermittent rain.' If you use 'outbreaks of rain' in the US, people will understand you, but it might sound a bit formal or unusual.

You usually use the phrase 'outbreaks of violence.' For example, 'There were sporadic outbreaks of violence following the announcement of the election results.' This suggests that the violence started suddenly in several different places. It's a common way for journalists to describe civil unrest.

It is a countable noun. You can have one 'outbreak' or many 'outbreaks.' Because it refers to specific events or instances, we almost always use the plural 'outbreaks' when talking about a general situation or a series of events across a region.

It's better to avoid this as it sounds redundant. Instead of saying 'the outbreaks broke out,' you should say 'the outbreaks occurred,' 'the outbreaks were reported,' or 'the outbreaks emerged.' This makes your sentence clearer and more professional.

Common adjectives include 'sudden,' 'sporadic,' 'widespread,' 'localized,' 'violent,' 'recurrent,' and 'recent.' These words help describe the frequency, scale, and nature of the outbreaks. For example, 'sporadic outbreaks' means they happen occasionally and in different places.

It's less common in business than in medicine or politics, but you might hear about 'outbreaks of labor unrest' or 'outbreaks of corporate scandals.' In these cases, it still refers to a sudden and unwelcome eruption of a problem within a company or industry.

The singular form is 'outbreak.' You use 'outbreak' when referring to one specific event, such as 'the outbreak of the flu in 2019.' You use 'outbreaks' when referring to multiple events or a general phenomenon.

Think of it as two words joined together: 'out' and 'breaks.' It's something that 'breaks out' into the open. Just remember that as a noun, it's always written as one single word without a space.

無料登録してヒントとメモを見る