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B2 adjective 9分で読める

بی‌اعتبار

bietebar
例文 メモとヒント بی‌اعتبار 30秒で
解説 بی‌اعتبار in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'bi-e'tebar' as a way to say 'not good' or 'not working' for things like tickets or cards. Imagine you are at a bus station and your ticket is old. The machine might say it's 'bi-e'tebar'. You don't need to know the complex grammar yet. Just remember: 'bi' = no/without, 'e'tebar' = credit/validity. So, 'bi-e'tebar' = 'no credit' or 'invalid'. It is an adjective. You can say 'In kart bi-e'tebar ast' (This card is invalid). It is a useful word for travel and basic needs when something doesn't work the way it should.
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At the A2 level, you start using 'bi-e'tebar' for more specific situations. You might use it when talking about your passport or identity card. For example, 'Gozarnameh-ye man bi-e'tebar ast' (My passport is invalid). You can also use it to describe information that you know is not true. If a friend tells you something very strange, you might say 'In harf bi-e'tebar ast' (This talk/statement is not credible). At this level, you should practice using it with the verb 'ast' (is) and 'nist' (is not). It helps you explain why you cannot do something, like 'I cannot buy this because my card is bi-e'tebar'.
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At the B1 level, you can use 'bi-e'tebar' in more formal and social contexts. You understand that it's not just about a card being expired, but also about a person's reputation. You can describe a news source or a website as 'bi-e'tebar'. You should also learn the opposite word, 'mo'tabar' (valid/credible). This allows you to compare things: 'In ruznameh mo'tabar ast, vali an site bi-e'tebar ast' (This newspaper is credible, but that site is invalid/unreliable). You can also start using the verb 'bi-e'tebar kardan' (to invalidate) in simple sentences about rules or decisions.
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At the B2 level, 'bi-e'tebar' becomes a key word for discussing legal, academic, and professional topics. You use it to critique arguments or to discuss the validity of research. 'In natije-giri be dalil-e moshkelat-e amari bi-e'tebar ast' (This conclusion is invalid due to statistical problems). You also understand the nuance between 'bi-e'tebar' and synonyms like 'bātel' (void) or 'bi-asās' (baseless). You can use it fluently in debates about the reliability of information in the media. You are expected to use the 'nim-fasele' (half-space) correctly when writing it.
At the C1 level, you use 'bi-e'tebar' to discuss complex social and philosophical concepts. You might analyze how a political institution becomes 'bi-e'tebar' in the eyes of the public. You can use it in literary analysis to discuss the 'bi-e'tebari-ye donya' (the transience/unreliability of the world) in classical Persian poetry. Your usage includes complex sentence structures and passive forms, such as 'E'tebar-e u tavasot-e ruzname-ha bi-e'tebar shod' (His credibility was invalidated by the newspapers). You understand the historical weight of 'e'tebar' in Iranian social structures.
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At the C2 level, 'bi-e'tebar' is used with precision in legal and philosophical discourse. You can distinguish between 'procedural invalidity' and 'substantive unreliability' using this and related terms. You can engage in high-level academic writing where you deconstruct the 'bi-e'tebari' of certain historical narratives. You use the word in idiomatic and metaphorical ways that reflect a deep immersion in Persian culture. You can also discuss the linguistic evolution of the word and its prefix, and how it functions in different registers from legal codes to mystical poetry.
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例文 メモとヒント

بی‌اعتبار 30秒で

  • Bi-e'tebar means invalid or lacking credibility in legal and social contexts.
  • It is the opposite of 'mo'tabar' (valid) and used for expired documents.
  • It can describe untrustworthy people, rumors, or scientific theories.
  • Commonly paired with 'shodan' (to become) or 'kardan' (to make).

The Persian word بی‌اعتبار (bi-e'tebār) is a sophisticated yet commonly used adjective that describes something lacking in validity, credibility, or legal standing. Etymologically, it is a compound formed by the prefix بی- (bi-), meaning 'without' or 'less', and the noun اعتبار (e'tebār), which translates to 'credit', 'validity', 'prestige', or 'authority'. When these two elements merge, they create a powerful descriptor used in legal, social, and academic contexts to denote that a particular object, statement, or individual cannot be trusted or accepted as legitimate. In the legal sphere, it refers to documents like passports, IDs, or contracts that have expired or been voided. In social spheres, it refers to someone whose reputation has been tarnished to the point that their word no longer carries weight. Understanding this word requires recognizing the deep importance of 'e'tebar' in Iranian culture, where one's 'credit' or 'standing' is a vital social currency. Without it, one is 'bi-e'tebar'.

Legal Context
When a passport expires, it becomes 'bi-e'tebar'. It no longer allows for travel because its legal validity has ceased. This applies to any official document, from bank checks to university degrees that are not recognized by the state.

این گذرنامه به دلیل انقضا بی‌اعتبار است. (This passport is invalid due to expiration.)

Social Context
If a person is known for lying, their words become 'bi-e'tebar'. In Persian culture, 'e'tebar' is often linked to 'aberu' (honor). Losing your 'e'tebar' means your community no longer trusts your promises or character.

بعد از آن دروغ، او در میان دوستانش بی‌اعتبار شد. (After that lie, he became discredited among his friends.)

Furthermore, 'bi-e'tebar' can describe the ephemeral nature of the world in Persian poetry. Sufi poets often describe the material world as 'bi-e'tebar' because it is fleeting and unreliable compared to the eternal spiritual realm. This adds a layer of existential depth to the word that goes beyond mere legalities. In daily conversation, however, you are most likely to hear it in relation to expired documents or untrustworthy rumors. It is a formal word but essential for navigating bureaucratic or academic discussions in Iran. When you hear a news anchor say 'shaye'at bi-e'tebar hastand' (the rumors are invalid/unreliable), they are using the word to dismiss unofficial information. It is the direct opposite of 'mo'tabar' (valid/credible), which is the gold standard for information and status.

Using 'bi-e'tebar' correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective and its relationship with auxiliary verbs like 'shodan' (to become) and 'kardan' (to make/to render). Because it describes a state of lacking validity, it often appears in the predicate of a sentence. For instance, to say 'The contract is invalid,' you would say 'Gharardad bi-e'tebar ast.' If you want to describe the process of making something invalid, you use the compound verb 'bi-e'tebar kardan'. This is common in legal language, such as 'The court invalidated the law.' In Persian, this would be 'Dadgah ghanun ra bi-e'tebar kard.' Conversely, if something loses its value or validity on its own, you use 'bi-e'tebar shodan'. For example, 'His reputation was ruined' can be translated as 'E'tebar-e u bi-e'tebar shod,' though more commonly you'd say 'U bi-e'tebar shod.'

Sentence Structure: Subject + Bi-e'tebar + Verb
This is the most common pattern. The adjective directly describes the subject's current status of validity.

مدارک قدیمی شما اکنون بی‌اعتبار هستند. (Your old documents are now invalid.)

Using with 'Kardan' (To Invalidate)
Use this when an authority or an action actively strips something of its validity.

بانک کارت مرا بی‌اعتبار کرد. (The bank invalidated my card.)

In academic writing, 'bi-e'tebar' is used to critique theories or data. If a researcher uses a flawed methodology, their results are 'bi-e'tebar'. You might write: 'Natije-ye in azmayesh be dalil-e khataha bi-e'tebar ast' (The result of this experiment is invalid due to errors). It is also frequently used in political discourse. When an election is disputed, opposition groups might call the results 'bi-e'tebar'. In this context, it carries a weight of non-recognition. Remember that 'bi-e'tebar' is an absolute state in many legal contexts—something is either valid or it isn't. However, in social contexts, it can be a matter of degree, though the word itself remains a strong indictment of one's character. Always ensure the 'bi' prefix is attached (often with a half-space or 'nim-fasele') to the word 'e'tebar' to maintain correct Persian orthography.

You will encounter 'bi-e'tebar' in several distinct environments in the Persian-speaking world. The most frequent is likely the banking and administrative sector. If you attempt to use an expired credit card or a check that cannot be cashed, the teller will inform you that the item is 'bi-e'tebar'. Similarly, at government offices (like the 'Edare-ye Gozarnameh' or Passport Office), officials use this word to describe documents that are no longer in force. It is the standard term used on official websites and automated systems to notify users of expired sessions or invalid inputs. If you enter the wrong password too many times, a message might appear saying 'Ramz-e obur bi-e'tebar ast' (The password is invalid).

News and Media
Journalists use 'bi-e'tebar' to debunk rumors (shaye'at). If a government spokesperson denies a report, they will label the report 'bi-e'tebar'.

سخنگو اخبار منتشر شده را بی‌اعتبار دانست. (The spokesperson considered the published news invalid/unreliable.)

Academic and Scientific Discourse
In universities, professors use the word to describe outdated theories or flawed research papers. A source that lacks peer review might be called a 'manba'-e bi-e'tebar'.

استفاده از منابع بی‌اعتبار در تحقیق ممنوع است. (Using invalid sources in research is prohibited.)

Another fascinating place you hear this word is in the context of historical or religious storytelling. In many 'Masnavi' stories or classical Persian literature, the world is described as 'bi-e'tebar' to remind the listener that earthly life is not permanent. This usage is more poetic and philosophical, suggesting that the material world 'lacks true credit' or 'lasting value'. In modern times, you'll also hear it in the context of internet security. 'Govahiname-ye bi-e'tebar' (Invalid certificate) is what you see when a website's SSL certificate has expired. Thus, from the most ancient poems to the most modern digital warnings, 'bi-e'tebar' serves as the primary way to signal a lack of trust, validity, or permanence.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with 'bi-e'tebar' is confusing it with 'bi-arzesh' (worthless). While they are related, 'bi-arzesh' refers to financial or intrinsic value, whereas 'bi-e'tebar' refers to legal validity or credibility. For example, a fake 100-dollar bill is 'bi-e'tebar' (it has no legal credit), but it might also be called 'bi-arzesh'. However, a valid contract that is simply 'bad' for you is not 'bi-e'tebar'; it is 'bad'. Only if it is legally void is it 'bi-e'tebar'. Another mistake is the misplacement of the 'bi-' prefix. In modern Persian, the 'bi' should be separated from 'e'tebar' by a zero-width non-joiner (nim-fasele), not a full space and not joined directly like 'bie'tebar'.

Mistake: Using 'bi-e'tebar' for 'cheap'
Don't use it to mean something is inexpensive. Use 'arzan' for cheap. 'Bi-e'tebar' is about the *validity* of the item, not its price tag.

Wrong: این ماشین بی‌اعتبار است (meaning it's cheap). Right: این ماشین ارزان است.

Mistake: Confusing with 'Ghalat' (Wrong)
A math answer is 'ghalat' (wrong), not 'bi-e'tebar'. However, the *method* used to get the answer could be 'bi-e'tebar' if it's logically unsound.

اشتباه: جواب سوال بی‌اعتبار است. Correct: جواب سوال غلط است.

Learners also sometimes struggle with the difference between 'bi-e'tebar' and 'namo'tabar'. In many cases, they are interchangeable, but 'namo'tabar' is often preferred in highly formal or technical writing (like 'sanad-e namo'tabar' for an invalid document). 'Bi-e'tebar' is slightly more versatile and can be used in both formal and informal settings. Additionally, avoid using 'bi-e'tebar' for people in a way that suggests they are 'unimportant'. To say someone is unimportant, use 'bi-ahammiyat'. 'Bi-e'tebar' specifically attacks their credibility or the validity of their status. If you call a witness 'bi-e'tebar', you are saying the court should not believe them. This distinction is crucial for nuanced communication.

To enrich your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to look at words that share the semantic space of 'bi-e'tebar'. The most direct synonym is نامعتبر (nā-mo'tabar). This word uses the 'nā-' prefix (un-) with 'mo'tabar' (valid). It is very common in digital interfaces—for example, 'nā-mo'tabar' is the word used for 'invalid' in most software localized for Persian. Another close relative is باطل (bātel), which means 'void' or 'null'. While 'bi-e'tebar' often implies something *lost* its validity, 'bātel' is frequently used for things that are fundamentally voided by a specific action, like a vote that was canceled or a religious ritual that was performed incorrectly.

Bi-e'tebar vs. Bātel
'Bi-e'tebar' is 'invalid/not credible'. 'Bātel' is 'void/null'. You would say a contract is 'bātel' if it was never legal to begin with, but 'bi-e'tebar' if it just expired.

این بلیط باطل شده است. (This ticket has been voided.)

Bi-e'tebar vs. Bi-arzesh
'Bi-arzesh' means 'worthless'. A piece of paper is bi-arzesh. A check that the bank won't accept is bi-e'tebar.

خاطرات او برای من بی‌ارزش نیستند. (His memories are not worthless to me.)

Other alternatives include منسوخ (mansukh), meaning 'obsolete' or 'abolished', used for laws or customs that are no longer in effect. If you want to describe a rumor as unfounded, you might use بی‌اساس (bi-asās), meaning 'baseless'. This is a great alternative to 'bi-e'tebar' when specifically talking about claims or arguments. For example, 'etteham-e bi-asās' (a baseless accusation). Lastly, دروغین (dorughin) means 'false' or 'fake'. While 'bi-e'tebar' means it lacks validity, 'dorughin' explicitly states it is a lie. Choosing the right word depends on whether you want to emphasize the lack of legal standing (bi-e'tebar), the fact that it's a lie (dorughin), or that it has no foundation (bi-asās).

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'e'tebar' is the same root used for 'bank credit' in modern Persian. So being 'bi-e'tebar' literally means you have zero credit in the bank of life or law.

発音ガイド

UK /biːʔetebɒːɾ/
US /biːʔetebɔːr/
The stress is on the last syllable: 'bar'.
韻が合う語
ماندگار (mandegar) یادگار (yadegar) روزگار (ruzegar) آشکار (ashkar) برقرار (bargharar) انتظار (entezar) شکار (shekar) بهار (bahar)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'bi' as a short 'i'.
  • Ignoring the glottal stop (hamza) before 'e'tebar'.
  • Putting stress on the first syllable.
  • Merging 'bi' and 'e'tebar' without a slight pause.
  • Confusing the 'a' sound with 'cat' instead of 'father'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize due to the 'bi-' prefix.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct use of 'nim-fasele' and 'hamza'.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once the 'a' sound is mastered.

リスニング 3/5

Common in news and formal announcements.

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レベル別の例文

1

این بلیط بی‌اعتبار است.

This ticket is invalid.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb structure.

2

کارت من بی‌اعتبار شد.

My card became invalid.

Using 'shodan' to show a change in state.

3

آن تلفن بی‌اعتبار است.

That phone (number) is invalid.

Adjective describing a noun.

4

پول قدیمی بی‌اعتبار است.

Old money is invalid.

Describing a noun with an adjective.

5

این کد بی‌اعتبار است.

This code is invalid.

Commonly used in tech contexts.

6

آیا این نامه بی‌اعتبار است؟

Is this letter invalid?

Question form.

7

ساعت بی‌اعتبار نیست.

The time is not invalid (it's correct).

Negative form using 'nist'.

8

اسم او بی‌اعتبار شد.

His name became discredited.

Metaphorical use of 'name' for reputation.

1

گذرنامه شما بی‌اعتبار شده است.

Your passport has become invalid.

Present perfect tense.

2

این خبر کاملاً بی‌اعتبار است.

This news is completely invalid/unreliable.

Using 'kamalan' (completely) as an adverb.

3

چک بانکی او بی‌اعتبار بود.

His bank check was invalid.

Past tense.

4

حرف‌های او بی‌اعتبار هستند.

His words are unreliable.

Plural subject and verb.

5

این سایت بی‌اعتبار است، از آن خرید نکن.

This site is invalid/unreliable, don't buy from it.

Imperative 'nakon' used in advice.

6

بدون امضا، سند بی‌اعتبار است.

Without a signature, the document is invalid.

Conditional meaning with 'bedun-e' (without).

7

چرا این کارت بی‌اعتبار است؟

Why is this card invalid?

Interrogative 'chera' (why).

8

او در بازار بی‌اعتبار شد.

He became discredited in the market.

Contextual usage in trade.

1

بسیاری از شایعات فضای مجازی بی‌اعتبار هستند.

Many social media rumors are unreliable.

Subject-predicate agreement.

2

دادگاه قرارداد را بی‌اعتبار کرد.

The court invalidated the contract.

Transitive verb 'bi-e'tebar kardan'.

3

این مدرک تحصیلی در خارج بی‌اعتبار است.

This educational degree is invalid abroad.

Prepositional phrase 'dar kharej'.

4

نظریه او اکنون بی‌اعتبار شده است.

His theory has now become invalid/obsolete.

Focus on scientific evolution.

5

او سعی کرد رقیبش را بی‌اعتبار کند.

He tried to discredit his rival.

Infinitive 'bi-e'tebar kardan' after 'sa'y kard'.

6

منابع بی‌اعتبار را در مقاله خود نیاورید.

Do not include invalid sources in your article.

Formal imperative 'nayavarid'.

7

این قانون سال گذشته بی‌اعتبار شد.

This law became invalid last year.

Past tense with time expression.

8

اعتبار او به خاطر دروغ‌هایش بی‌اعتبار شد.

His credibility was ruined because of his lies.

Wordplay between noun and adjective.

1

روش تحقیق شما به شدت بی‌اعتبار است.

Your research methodology is severely invalid.

Using 'be sheddat' (severely) for emphasis.

2

این ادعاها بدون مدرک، بی‌اعتبار تلقی می‌شوند.

These claims are considered invalid without evidence.

Passive-like structure with 'talaghi shodan'.

3

دولت اعلام کرد که اسکناس‌های قدیمی بی‌اعتبارند.

The government announced that old banknotes are invalid.

Reported speech.

4

او با این کار، خودش را در جامعه بی‌اعتبار کرد.

By doing this, he discredited himself in society.

Reflexive sense 'khodash ra'.

5

نتایج نظرسنجی به دلیل تقلب بی‌اعتبار اعلام شد.

The poll results were declared invalid due to fraud.

Official declaration context.

6

هیچ‌کس حرف‌های یک شاهد بی‌اعتبار را باور نمی‌کند.

No one believes the words of an unreliable witness.

Double negative 'hich-kas... nemikonad'.

7

اعتبارنامه‌ی او توسط مجلس بی‌اعتبار شناخته شد.

His credentials were recognized as invalid by the parliament.

Formal passive construction.

8

این سبک زندگی بی‌اعتبار و زودگذر است.

This lifestyle is unreliable and fleeting.

Paired adjectives.

1

فیلسوفان معتقدند که لذت‌های مادی بی‌اعتبارند.

Philosophers believe that material pleasures are transient/invalid.

Philosophical register.

2

او با انتشار اسناد جعلی، کل پروژه را بی‌اعتبار ساخت.

By publishing forged documents, he invalidated the entire project.

Using 'sakhtan' as a formal alternative to 'kardan'.

3

بی‌اعتبار شدن نهادهای مدنی پیامدهای ناگواری دارد.

The delegitimization of civil institutions has dire consequences.

Gerund 'bi-e'tebar shodan' as a subject.

4

این استدلال از لحاظ منطقی کاملاً بی‌اعتبار است.

This argument is completely invalid from a logical standpoint.

Abstract adverbial phrase 'az lehāz-e'.

5

شعر کلاسیک فارسی بر بی‌اعتباری دنیا تاکید دارد.

Classical Persian poetry emphasizes the unreliability of the world.

Noun form 'bi-e'tebari'.

6

اتهامات بی‌اعتبار نمی‌توانند مانع پیشرفت او شوند.

Invalid accusations cannot hinder his progress.

Modal verb 'tavanestan'.

7

او در یک چشم به هم زدن بی‌اعتبار شد.

He was discredited in the blink of an eye.

Idiomatic expression for speed.

8

نظام‌های دیکتاتوری در نهایت بی‌اعتبار می‌شوند.

Dictatorial regimes eventually become discredited.

Political analysis context.

1

واکاوی ریشه‌های بی‌اعتباری سیاسی در جوامع گذار.

Analyzing the roots of political delegitimacy in transition societies.

Academic title structure.

2

او با ذکاوت تمام، مبانی نظری رقیب را بی‌اعتبار جلوه داد.

With complete ingenuity, he made his rival's theoretical foundations appear invalid.

Complex verb 'jelve dadan'.

3

بی‌اعتباریِ معرفت‌شناختی این رویکرد بر همگان آشکار است.

The epistemological invalidity of this approach is clear to everyone.

High-level terminology 'ma'refat-shenakhti'.

4

هرگونه دخل و تصرف در متن، آن را بی‌اعتبار می‌کند.

Any tampering with the text renders it invalid.

Legalistic phrasing 'dakhl o tasarrof'.

5

او در گرداب بی‌اعتباری که خود ساخته بود، غرق شد.

He drowned in the whirlpool of discredit he had created himself.

Metaphorical literary style.

6

این اسناد به دلیل فقدان اصالت، بی‌اعتبار شناخته شدند.

These documents were recognized as invalid due to a lack of authenticity.

Formal cause-effect structure.

7

تجربه نشان داده که وعده‌های توخالی بی‌اعتبارند.

Experience has shown that hollow promises are unreliable.

General truth statement.

8

ساختار قدرت در آن دوره کاملاً بی‌اعتبار گشته بود.

The power structure in 그 period had become completely discredited.

Archaic/Formal verb form 'gashte bud'.

よく使う組み合わせ

چک بی‌اعتبار
گذرنامه بی‌اعتبار
سند بی‌اعتبار
شایعات بی‌اعتبار
منبع بی‌اعتبار
حرف بی‌اعتبار
کارت بانکی بی‌اعتبار
مدرک بی‌اعتبار
نظریه بی‌اعتبار
وعده بی‌اعتبار

よく使うフレーズ

بی‌اعتبار کردن کسی

— To discredit someone's reputation.

او سعی کرد مرا بی‌اعتبار کند.

بی‌اعتبار شدن قرارداد

— The invalidation of a contract.

قرارداد به خودی خود بی‌اعتبار شد.

اعلام بی‌اعتباری

— To declare something as invalid.

دولت اعلام بی‌اعتباری کرد.

بی‌اعتبار جلوه دادن

— To make something look invalid or unreliable.

او حقایق را بی‌اعتبار جلوه داد.

به کلی بی‌اعتبار

— Totally invalid.

این حرف به کلی بی‌اعتبار است.

سند بی‌اعتبار

— Invalid document.

این یک سند بی‌اعتبار است.

بی‌اعتبار دانستن

— To consider something invalid.

من این خبر را بی‌اعتبار می‌دانم.

بی‌اعتباری دنیا

— The fleeting nature of the world.

او از بی‌اعتباری دنیا می‌گفت.

بی‌اعتبار ساختن

— To render invalid (formal).

او پروژه را بی‌اعتبار ساخت.

بی‌اعتبار از لحاظ قانونی

— Legally invalid.

این چک بی‌اعتبار از لحاظ قانونی است.

慣用句と表現

"حرفش بی‌اعتبار است"

— His word cannot be trusted.

دیگر به او گوش نده، حرفش بی‌اعتبار است.

Informal
"اعتبارش را لکه‌دار کرد"

— He stained his credit/reputation (leading to being bi-e'tebar).

با آن کار، اعتبارش را لکه‌دار کرد.

Neutral
"دنیا بی‌اعتبار است"

— Life is fleeting and unreliable.

دل نبند که دنیا بی‌اعتبار است.

Poetic
"چک بی‌محل"

— A bounced check (often results in it being bi-e'tebar).

او به خاطر چک بی‌محل به زندان رفت.

Legal/Informal
"از سکه افتادن"

— To lose value or validity (like a coin going out of circulation).

آن نظریه دیگر از سکه افتاده و بی‌اعتبار است.

Idiomatic
"طبل توخالی"

— A hollow drum (someone who talks big but is bi-e'tebar).

او فقط یک طبل توخالی و بی‌اعتبار است.

Informal
"روی آب نوشتن"

— To write on water (something bi-e'tebar and temporary).

وعده‌های او مثل نوشتن روی آب بی‌اعتبار است.

Literary
"رنگ باختن"

— To fade (used for credibility fading).

اعتبار او رنگ باخته و بی‌اعتبار شده است.

Literary
"پای لنگ داشتن"

— To have a limp (metaphor for an argument being bi-e'tebar).

استدلال شما پای لنگ دارد و بی‌اعتبار است.

Informal
"نقش بر آب"

— Ruined or invalidated.

نقشه‌هایش نقش بر آب و بی‌اعتبار شد.

Literary

語族

名詞

اعتبار (e'tebar - credit/validity)
بی‌اعتباری (bi-e'tebari - invalidity/discredit)
معتبرساز (mo'tabar-saz - validator)

動詞

اعتبار داشتن (e'tebar dashtan - to have validity)
بی‌اعتبار کردن (bi-e'tebar kardan - to invalidate)
بی‌اعتبار شدن (bi-e'tebar shodan - to become invalid)

形容詞

معتبر (mo'tabar - valid/credible)
نامعتبر (namo'tabar - invalid)
بی‌اعتبار (bi-e'tebar - invalid)

関連

اعتماد (e'temad - trust)
سند (sanad - document)
باطل (batel - void)
ارزش (arzesh - value)
هویت (hoviyyat - identity)
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暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Bee' (bi) that lost its 'Bar' (credit) at the honey bank. Now the bee is 'Bi-e'tebar' (invalid/discredited).

視覚的連想

Imagine a big red 'EXPIRED' stamp over a passport. That stamp is the visual definition of 'bi-e'tebar'.

Word Web

Invalid Expired Discredited Void Fake Unreliable Untrustworthy Bounced

チャレンジ

Try to find three items in your house that are 'bi-e'tebar' (like an old coupon, an expired ID, or a broken warranty) and say the word out loud for each.

語源

Derived from the Arabic root 'e-b-r' (عبر) relating to crossing or interpretation, which led to 'e'tebar' (taking as a lesson/giving credit). The Persian prefix 'bi-' is Indo-European.

元の意味： Without credit; not having been given the status of being 'considered' or 'esteemed'.

Persian (Indo-European) with Arabic (Semitic) loanword root.

文化的な背景

Calling a person 'bi-e'tebar' is a serious insult to their character and should be used with caution.

In English, we use different words: 'invalid' for a passport, 'discredited' for a person, and 'unreliable' for news. Persian uses 'bi-e'tebar' for all of these.

Khayyam's poems on the transience of life. Official Iranian bank notifications. Legal court rulings in Iran.
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