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B1 adjective #4,000 よく出る 9分で読める

ناحاضر

na-hazer 上位4,000

練習する例文メモとヒント ناحاضر 30秒で

解説 ناحاضر in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'nāhāzer' means someone is 'not here'. Think of it as the opposite of 'hāzer' (present). If you are in a classroom and the teacher calls a name and nobody answers, that person is 'nāhāzer'. However, at this level, your teacher will probably use the word 'ghāyeb' more often. You can remember 'nāhāzer' by looking at the first part 'nā-', which means 'no' or 'not', and the second part 'hāzer', which means 'present'. So, 'no-present'. It is a simple way to build your vocabulary by learning prefixes. Even if you don't use it often, recognizing it will help you understand formal announcements. Just remember: nā + hāzer = not here. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'Ali nāhāzer ast' (Ali is absent). This is a good foundation for learning how Persian words are built like Lego blocks.

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At the A2 level, you start to see how 'nāhāzer' fits into slightly more complex sentences and how it differs from 'ready'. You might have learned that 'hāzer' means 'ready' (like 'Are you ready?'). But when we add 'nā-', it almost always means 'absent' from a place, not 'unready'. To say 'not ready', we usually say 'nā-āmādeh'. At A2, you should practice using 'nāhāzer' in the context of school or work reports. For example, 'Emruz se dānesh-āmuz nāhāzer budand' (Today three students were absent). You should also notice the Ezafe construction: 'list-e nāhāzerān' (the list of absent people). This level is about distinguishing between registers. You use 'ghāyeb' when talking to friends and 'nāhāzer' when you see it in a written list or a formal notice on a bulletin board. It helps you sound more educated in your writing.

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As a B1 learner, you are expected to handle more formal situations, and 'nāhāzer' is a perfect word for this. You should use it in formal emails, business reports, or when discussing attendance in a professional meeting. At this level, you understand that 'nāhāzer' is more than just 'not here'; it describes a formal status. You can use it to describe people who are missing from a specific event: 'Kārmandāni ke dar jaleseh nāhāzer budand, bāyad gozāresh rā bekhānand' (The employees who were absent in the meeting must read the report). You also start to see the word in more abstract contexts, such as describing a lack of participation. You should be able to transform the adjective into a noun ('nāhāzerān') to refer to a group of absent people. This word helps you move away from basic verbs like 'nayāmad' (did not come) to more descriptive adjectives that define a state of being.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the nuances of 'nāhāzer' in various professional and semi-literary contexts. You understand that while 'ghāyeb' is the high-frequency word, 'nāhāzer' provides a specific formal tone used in journalism and official documentation. You can use it in complex sentences involving reasons for absence, such as 'Be dalil-e moshkelāt-e fanni, chand tan az mehmānān nāhāzer budand' (Due to technical problems, several guests were absent). You also recognize its use in legal or administrative Persian where 'presence' (hozur) is a requirement. At this stage, you might also encounter the word in psychological or social discussions, perhaps describing an 'absent' father or a 'non-present' authority figure in a text. Your ability to choose between 'nāhāzer', 'ghāyeb', and 'mafghood' shows a high level of linguistic control and an understanding of Persian social registers.

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For C1 learners, 'nāhāzer' is a tool for precision. You use it to contrast with 'hāzer' in philosophical, legal, or highly formal academic writing. You might explore the concept of 'presence' (hozur) and 'absence' (nāhozuri or being nāhāzer) in Persian literature or mysticism. At this level, you appreciate the morphological elegance of 'nāhāzer' as a pure Persian-prefix negation of an Arabic root, which is a hallmark of sophisticated Persian prose. You can use it to describe subtle states, such as being 'nāhāzer' in a conversation despite being physically there, using it as a deliberate stylistic choice to evoke a sense of detachment. You also understand its historical usage and how it has evolved compared to 'ghāyeb'. Your writing should reflect an ability to use 'nāhāzer' to maintain a consistent formal register throughout a document, ensuring that the tone does not shift unexpectedly.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'nāhāzer'. You can detect the subtle difference in tone it brings to a text compared to its synonyms. You might use it in a scholarly critique of a text, discussing the 'nāhāzer' (absent) narrator or the 'nāhāzer' elements of a structuralist analysis. You are aware of how the word functions in various dialects and its archaic nuances where it once competed more closely with 'nā-āmādeh'. In a high-level diplomatic or legal setting, you use 'nāhāzer' with absolute precision, understanding the legal implications of being declared 'nāhāzer' in a proceeding. You can also play with the word in creative writing, using its formal weight to create irony or to emphasize a profound sense of lack. For you, 'nāhāzer' is not just a vocabulary item but a part of a complex web of meanings related to existence, presence, and the formal structures of the Persian language.

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ناحاضر 30秒で

A formal Persian adjective meaning 'absent' or 'not present', created by adding the prefix 'nā-' to the root 'hāzer'.
Primarily used in written reports, legal contexts, and formal documentation rather than casual conversation.
Different from 'nā-āmādeh' (not ready), focusing specifically on physical or situational presence.
Often substituted by 'ghāyeb' in everyday speech, but essential for professional and academic Persian.

The word ناحاضر (nāhāzer) is a Persian adjective formed by the combination of the negative prefix نا- (nā-) and the root حاضر (hāzer), which means 'present' or 'ready'. In its primary sense, it denotes the state of being absent or not physically present in a specific location where attendance is expected. While the word غایب (ghāyeb) is more frequently used in everyday school or office settings, ناحاضر carries a slightly more formal, descriptive weight, often appearing in official reports or literary contexts to emphasize the literal lack of presence. Understanding this word requires a grasp of how Persian utilizes prefixes to invert meanings. In Persian culture, presence (hozoor) is a significant concept, often tied to respect and participation. When someone is described as ناحاضر, it implies a void or a missed opportunity for interaction. This word is particularly useful for B1 learners who are transitioning from basic vocabulary to more nuanced, formal expressions. It allows for a more varied descriptive palette when discussing attendance, events, or even psychological states where someone might be 'absent' in mind though present in body, though the latter is more metaphorical. The morphological structure is a classic example of Indo-Iranian negation, where 'nā-' functions similarly to the English 'un-' or 'non-'.

Morphological Breakdown: The prefix 'nā-' is attached to the Arabic-derived root 'hāzer'. This hybridity is common in Persian, where Persian prefixes are applied to Arabic loanwords to create new functional adjectives.
Register and Nuance: Unlike 'ghāyeb', which is the standard term for a student missing class, 'nāhāzer' is often used in formal documentation or to describe a specific state of non-presence in a list of participants.

نام او در لیست افراد ناحاضر در جلسه ثبت شده بود.
(His name was recorded in the list of absent people in the meeting.)

In the context of the CEFR B1 level, learners should recognize that ناحاضر is part of a larger family of 'nā-' words like ناخوش (unwell) or نادرست (incorrect). This pattern recognition is vital for expanding vocabulary without memorizing every word from scratch. The word also appears in legal or bureaucratic Persian where the presence of a witness or a party is mandatory. If they are ناحاضر, the proceedings might be delayed. This underscores the importance of the word in professional communication. Furthermore, in some older literary texts, 'nāhāzer' might be used to describe someone who is not 'ready' (as 'hāzer' also means ready), though in modern Persian, 'nā-āmādeh' is preferred for 'not ready'. This dual history adds a layer of depth for the advanced student, though for B1, focusing on 'absent' is the primary goal.

متأسفانه ایشان در این لحظه ناحاضر هستند و نمی‌توانند پاسخگو باشند.
(Unfortunately, they are absent at this moment and cannot be responsive.)

Using ناحاضر correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective and how it interacts with the Persian verb 'to be' (budan). Typically, it follows the noun it modifies or acts as a predicate adjective. In a sentence like 'The student is absent,' you would say دانش‌آموز ناحاضر است. However, to sound more natural in modern Persian, one must be careful with context. While grammatically perfect, ناحاضر is more at home in a written report than a casual conversation. When constructing sentences, remember that 'nāhāzer' does not change for gender (as Persian lacks grammatical gender) but can be pluralized if used as a substantive (noun-like) adjective: ناحاضران (the absent ones). This is a key B1 grammar point—turning adjectives into nouns to refer to groups of people.

Sentence Structure 1: Predicative: [Subject] + [ناحاضر] + [Verb 'to be']. Example: مدیر در دفتر ناحاضر بود. (The manager was absent in the office.)
Sentence Structure 2: Attributive: [Noun] + [Ezafe -e] + [ناحاضر]. Example: صندلیِ ناحاضر. (The 'absent' chair - though this is rare, it illustrates the grammar.) More common: اعضای ناحاضر (The absent members).

تعداد افراد ناحاضر در کلاس امروز بسیار زیاد بود.
(The number of absent individuals in today's class was very high.)

For learners, it is also important to distinguish between 'not being there' and 'not being ready'. If you say من ناحاضرم, a listener might think you are saying you aren't present (which is a paradox if you are speaking) or, in a very formal/archaic sense, that you aren't ready. To avoid confusion, always use ناحاضر to refer to third parties or in formal lists. In the negative form, 'not absent' would simply be 'hāzer' (present). The word is also used in the context of 'absence of mind' occasionally in literature, though حواس‌پرت is the common term for that. When writing, ensure the 'nā-' prefix is attached correctly; in modern Persian script, it is usually written attached to the word without a space, though some styles might use a zero-width non-joiner (half-space).

او به دلیل بیماری در مراسم ناحاضر بود.
(He was absent from the ceremony due to illness.)

In contemporary Iran, you are most likely to encounter ناحاضر in formal settings. Imagine a courtroom or a high-level corporate board meeting. The secretary might read a list of attendees and note those who are ناحاضر. It is also found in academic papers or formal news reports discussing statistics—for example, the percentage of students ناحاضر during national exams. In these contexts, the word provides a professional tone that 'ghāyeb' might lack. You will also see it in software interfaces or formal forms where 'Present/Absent' needs to be toggled; the labels would often be حاضر and ناحاضر (or غایب).

News and Media: Broadcasters use this word when reporting on political boycotts, where certain representatives are 'nāhāzer' in parliament as a form of protest.
Legal Documentation: In contracts or legal summons, if a party is 'nāhāzer', specific legal consequences are often outlined.

Interestingly, in some dialects or older generations, you might hear ناحاضر used where a younger person would say 'not ready'. For example, if food isn't ready, an older person might say غذا هنوز ناحاضره. However, this is becoming rare and is mostly replaced by آماده نیست. As a learner, sticking to the 'absent' meaning in formal contexts is the safest and most effective use. You might also find it in Persian translations of Western philosophy, particularly when discussing 'presence' (Dasein) and its lack. In the digital age, attendance tracking apps used in Iranian companies often use this terminology in their backend or reporting features. Thus, if you are working in an Iranian environment, seeing ناحاضر on your dashboard means you missed a clock-in!

در گزارش نهایی، اسامی کارمندان ناحاضر ذکر شده است.
(In the final report, the names of absent employees are mentioned.)

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Persian is using ناحاضر in a casual classroom setting. If you tell a teacher 'I was ناحاضر yesterday,' it sounds a bit like saying 'I was non-present' in English—technically correct but awkwardly formal. The correct casual word is غایب (ghāyeb). Another common mistake is confusing ناحاضر with ناآماده (nā-āmādeh). While 'hāzer' can mean 'ready', its negation 'nāhāzer' almost exclusively means 'absent' in modern usage. If you want to say 'I'm not ready for the exam,' you should say من برای امتحان آماده نیستم, not ناحاضرم.

Mistake: Over-formality: Using 'nāhāzer' with friends. Correct: غایب بودم (I was absent) or نیامدم (I didn't come).
Mistake: Misunderstanding 'Ready' vs 'Present': Thinking 'nāhāzer' means 'not ready'. Correct word for 'not ready' is 'nā-āmādeh'.

غلط: من برای مهمانی ناحاضر هستم. (Incorrect for 'not ready')
درست: من برای مهمانی آماده نیستم.

Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation of the 'h' (ح). In Persian, this 'h' is often soft or almost silent in rapid speech, but in a formal word like ناحاضر, it should be clearly articulated to maintain the formal register. Another subtle mistake is the placement of the word in compound sentences. Because it's an adjective, it needs to agree with the noun it modifies in terms of being part of an Ezafe construction if it's attributive. For example, 'The absent student' is دانش‌آموزِ ناحاضر. Forgetting the 'e' (Ezafe) sound is a common A2/B1 level mistake that persists. Finally, do not confuse ناحاضر with ناپدید (nāpadid), which means 'disappeared'. One can be absent without having disappeared!

To truly master ناحاضر, you must compare it to its synonyms. The most prominent alternative is غایب (ghāyeb). This word is of Arabic origin and is the standard way to say 'absent' in almost all contexts, especially school. If a teacher takes attendance (hozur-ghiāb), they will mark you as 'ghāyeb'. Another related word is نیامده (niāmadeh), which literally means 'one who has not come'. This is more verbal and less of a formal state. Then there is مفقود (mafghood), which means 'missing' or 'lost', used for objects or people in a more serious, often tragic, context like a war or an accident.

ناحاضر vs. غایب: 'Nāhāzer' is formal/descriptive (not present). 'Ghāyeb' is the functional standard (absent from duty/class).
ناحاضر vs. ناآماده: 'Nāhāzer' refers to physical presence. 'Nā-āmādeh' refers to a lack of preparation or readiness.
ناحاضر vs. غافل: 'Ghāfel' means 'unaware' or 'negligent', sometimes used for 'absent-minded' in a spiritual or moral sense.

When should you choose ناحاضر? Choose it when you are writing a formal letter, a technical report, or when you want to emphasize the negation of the state of 'being present' (hāzer). For example, in a philosophical text comparing 'presence' and 'absence', using حاضر and ناحاضر creates a cleaner linguistic symmetry than حاضر and غایب. In technical documentation for an app, 'nāhāzer' might be used for a 'not-present' status of a sensor. Understanding these subtle differences is what separates a B1 learner from a B2 or C1 speaker who can navigate registers with ease.

او فیزیکی حاضر بود اما ذهنی ناحاضر به نظر می‌رسید.
(He was physically present but seemed mentally absent.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Persian is famous for taking Arabic roots and 'Persianizing' them with prefixes and suffixes. While Arabic uses 'ghā'ib' for absent, Persian created 'nā-hāzer' as a logical mirror to 'hāzer'.

発音ガイド

UK /nɑː.hɒː.zeɾ/

US /nɑː.hɑː.zeɾ/

The stress is typically on the final syllable: nā-hā-ZER.

韻が合う語

حاضر (hāzer) ناظر (nāzer) قادر (ghāder) صادر (sāder) نادر (nāder) ظاهر (zāher) طاهر (tāher) مسافر (mosāfer)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'nā' like 'nay'. It should be 'nā' as in 'spa'.
Dropping the 'h' completely. While soft, it should be present in formal speech.
Confusing the 'z' (ض) with a 'd' sound. In Persian, 'zād' (ض) is pronounced exactly like 'ze' (ز).
Putting stress on the first syllable 'NĀ-hāzer'.
Mixing up with 'nā-nā-zer' (not a word).

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize because of the 'nā-' prefix.

ライティング 4/5

Requires knowledge of when to use it over 'ghāyeb'.

スピーキング 4/5

The 'h' and 'z' sounds need clear pronunciation in formal contexts.

リスニング 3/5

Easily distinguished in formal announcements.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

حاضر (Present) نا- (Negative prefix) است/بود (Is/Was) در (In) لیست (List)

次に学ぶ

غایب (Absent - common) حضور (Presence) غیاب (Absence) آماده (Ready)

上級

غیابی (In-absentia) مفقود‌الاثر (Missing in action) حاضر‌الذهن (Quick-witted)

知っておくべき文法

Negative prefix 'nā-'

نادرست (Incorrect), نادان (Ignorant), ناحاضر (Absent).

Ezafe Construction

افرادِ ناحاضر (The absent people).

Adjective to Noun (Plural)

ناحاضران (The absent ones).

Predicate Adjectives

او ناحاضر است (He is absent).

Abstract Noun Formation

ناحاضر بودن (Being absent).

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レベル別の例文

او امروز ناحاضر است.

He is absent today.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'to be'.

آیا علی ناحاضر است؟

Is Ali absent?

Question form using the same structure.

من امروز ناحاضر نیستم.

I am not absent today.

Negative form of 'to be' (nistam).

آنها در کلاس ناحاضر بودند.

They were absent in the class.

Plural subject with past tense 'budand'.

چرا تو ناحاضری؟

Why are you absent?

Informal second person singular ending '-i'.

مریم ناحاضر بود.

Maryam was absent.

Third person singular past tense.

ما در خانه ناحاضر هستیم.

We are absent from home (not at home).

First person plural present tense.

استاد ناحاضر است.

The professor is absent.

Formal subject with singular verb.

لیست افراد ناحاضر را بیاور.

Bring the list of absent people.

Ezafe construction 'list-e afrād-e nāhāzer'.

او به خاطر سرماخوردگی ناحاضر بود.

He was absent because of a cold.

Using 'be khāter-e' (because of) to give a reason.

هیچ‌کس در جلسه ناحاضر نبود.

No one was absent in the meeting.

Double negative 'hich-kas... nabud' (no one was not).

دانش‌آموزان ناحاضر نمره نمی‌گیرند.

Absent students do not get a grade.

Attributive adjective 'dānesh-āmuzān-e nāhāzer'.

او همیشه در ساعت اول ناحاضر است.

He is always absent during the first hour.

Adverb 'hamisheh' (always) modifying the state.

نام شما در میان ناحاضران نیست.

Your name is not among the absent ones.

Using 'nāhāzerān' as a plural noun.

مدیر پرسید: 'چه کسی ناحاضر است؟'

The manager asked: 'Who is absent?'

Direct speech with a question.

امروز تعداد کمی ناحاضر هستند.

Today, a few people are absent.

Quantifier 'tedād-e kami' (a small number).

گزارش نهایی شامل اسامی تمام اعضای ناحاضر است.

The final report includes the names of all absent members.

Complex Ezafe chain in a formal sentence.

اگر در دادگاه ناحاضر باشید، جریمه خواهید شد.

If you are absent in court, you will be fined.

Conditional sentence using 'agar' (if).

او به دلیل سفری ناگهانی در کنفرانس ناحاضر بود.

He was absent from the conference due to a sudden trip.

Prepositional phrase 'be dalil-e' (due to).

ما باید علت ناحاضر بودن او را بررسی کنیم.

We must investigate the reason for his being absent.

Gerund-like 'nāhāzer budan' (being absent).

در صورت ناحاضر بودن شاهد، جلسه به تعویق می‌افتد.

In case of the witness being absent, the session will be postponed.

Formal phrase 'dar surat-e' (in case of).

او با اینکه در اتاق بود، اما از نظر ذهنی ناحاضر به نظر می‌رسید.

Even though he was in the room, he seemed mentally absent.

Conjunction 'bā inke' (even though) for contrast.

نامه‌های اداری برای افراد ناحاضر ارسال شد.

Administrative letters were sent to the absent individuals.

Passive voice 'ersāl shod' (was sent).

چرا نام من به اشتباه در لیست ناحاضران ثبت شده است؟

Why has my name been mistakenly recorded in the list of absent ones?

Present perfect passive 'sabt shodeh ast'.

عدم حضور وی باعث شد که او را در زمره افراد ناحاضر قرار دهند.

His lack of presence caused them to place him among the absent individuals.

Formal noun 'adam-e hozur' (lack of presence).

در بسیاری از سیستم‌های خودکار، وضعیت کاربر 'ناحاضر' نشان داده می‌شود.

In many automated systems, the user's status is shown as 'absent'.

Describing technical status in a formal register.

نویسنده در این بخش از کتاب، به شخصیت‌های ناحاضر اشاره می‌کند.

In this part of the book, the author refers to absent characters.

Literary analysis context.

حقوق کارمندانی که بیش از سه روز ناحاضر باشند، کسر خواهد شد.

The salary of employees who are absent for more than three days will be deducted.

Relative clause with 'ke' and subjunctive 'bāshand'.

او به عنوان یک عضو ناحاضر، حق رأی در این دوره را ندارد.

As an absent member, he does not have the right to vote in this term.

Using 'be onvān-e' (as/in the capacity of).

بررسی آماری نشان می‌دهد که ده درصد دانشجویان در آزمون ناحاضر بودند.

The statistical review shows that ten percent of students were absent in the exam.

Formal academic reporting.

او علی‌رغم میل باطنی‌اش، در مراسم سالگرد ناحاضر ماند.

Despite his inner desire, he remained absent from the anniversary ceremony.

Complex preposition 'ali-raghm-e' (despite).

توجیه او برای ناحاضر بودن در محل کار پذیرفته نشد.

His justification for being absent at the workplace was not accepted.

Passive voice with a complex subject.

در متون فلسفی، مفهوم 'ناحاضر' اغلب در تقابل با 'حاضر' بررسی می‌شود.

In philosophical texts, the concept of 'absent' is often examined in opposition to 'present'.

Abstract noun usage of the adjective.

حضور فیزیکی او، پوششی بر روح ناحاضرش در آن جمع بود.

His physical presence was a cover for his absent soul in that gathering.

Poetic/Literary metaphorical use.

دولت موظف است وضعیت اتباع ناحاضر در کشور را پیگیری کند.

The government is obliged to follow up on the status of citizens absent from the country.

Legal/Diplomatic terminology.

این سکوت، گویای صدای ناحاضرانی است که هرگز شنیده نشدند.

This silence speaks of the voice of the absent ones who were never heard.

Substantive use in a high-literary style.

او با ظرافتی خاص، جای خالیِ فرد ناحاضر را در گفتگو پر می‌کرد.

With a specific subtlety, he filled the empty space of the absent person in the conversation.

Adverbial phrase 'bā zarāfati khās'.

چنانچه متهم در جلسه دوم نیز ناحاضر باشد، حکم غیابی صادر می‌گردد.

If the accused is also absent in the second session, an in-absentia verdict will be issued.

Legal conditional 'chenānche' and 'hukm-e ghiābi'.

تاریخ، مملو از قهرمانان ناحاضری است که نامشان در هیچ دفتری نیست.

History is full of absent heroes whose names are in no book.

Plural adjective with a relative clause.

او در تمام طول سخنرانی، نگاهی ناحاضر و دوردست داشت.

Throughout the entire speech, he had an absent and distant gaze.

Descriptive adjective modifying 'negāh' (gaze).

دیالکتیک حضور و غیاب، سوژه را در موقعیتی ناحاضر نسبت به حقیقت خویش قرار می‌دهد.

The dialectic of presence and absence places the subject in an absent position relative to their own truth.

Highly technical philosophical jargon.

در این ساختار روایی، راوی ناحاضر نقشی کلیدی در تعلیق داستان ایفا می‌کند.

In this narrative structure, the absent narrator plays a key role in the story's suspense.

Literary theory terminology.

تجلیِ امرِ ناحاضر در هنر مدرن، به مثابه بازنماییِ خلأهای وجودی است.

The manifestation of the absent in modern art is like the representation of existential voids.

Using 'be masābe-ye' (as/like) in formal prose.

سیاست‌های طرد، منجر به تولید شهروندانی ناحاضر در عرصه‌های تصمیم‌گیری می‌شود.

Exclusionary policies lead to the production of citizens absent from decision-making arenas.

Sociological/Political analysis.

او در جستجوی معنایی بود که در کلمات ناحاضر و در سکوتِ بین جملات نهفته بود.

He was searching for a meaning hidden in the absent words and in the silence between sentences.

Complex relative clause with 'nahofteh' (hidden).

فقدانِ او، حضوری ناحاضر را در فضای خانه طنین‌انداز کرده بود.

His loss had made an absent presence resonate in the atmosphere of the house.

Oxymoronic literary device 'hozur-e nāhāzer'.

قانون‌گذار تدابیری را برای صیانت از حقوق اموالِ مالکانِ ناحاضر پیش‌بینی کرده است.

The legislator has foreseen measures to protect the property rights of absent owners.

High-level legal Persian syntax.

در نقد واسازانه، ما به دنبال آن چیزی هستیم که در متن ناحاضر است اما بر آن اثر می‌گذارد.

In deconstructive criticism, we look for what is absent in the text but affects it.

Critical theory context.

類義語

غایب نیامده مفقود غیرحاضر ناپدید غافل کم‌حضور دور

反対語

حاضر موجود آماده حاضر‌به‌خدمت

よく使う組み合わせ

افراد ناحاضر

به علت ناحاضر بودن

ناحاضر در دادگاه

ذهنی ناحاضر

اعضای ناحاضر

به طور ناحاضر

وضعیت ناحاضر

دانش‌آموز ناحاضر

شاهد ناحاضر

نام ناحاضران

よく使うフレーズ

غایب و ناحاضر

— Using both words for emphasis, though redundant. It means totally absent.

او در تمام مراسم غایب و ناحاضر بود.

ناحاضر بودن در صحنه

— To not be present at the scene of an event.

پلیس به دلیل ناحاضر بودن در صحنه نتوانست مجرم را بگیرد.

ثبت به عنوان ناحاضر

— To be recorded as absent in a system.

نام شما به اشتباه به عنوان ناحاضر ثبت شده است.

دلیل ناحاضر بودن

— The reason for being absent.

دلیل ناحاضر بودن شما در کلاس چیست؟

ناحاضر در لحظه

— Absent at a specific moment.

او دقیقاً در لحظه حادثه ناحاضر بود.

تعداد ناحاضران

— The number of absent people.

تعداد ناحاضران امروز بیش از حد انتظار بود.

اعلام ناحاضر بودن

— To announce that someone is absent.

منشی ناحاضر بودن مدیر را اعلام کرد.

مزایای ناحاضر نبودن

— The benefits of not being absent (attendance rewards).

او به خاطر ناحاضر نبودن در طول سال جایزه گرفت.

ناحاضر در لیست

— Absent from the list.

نام او در لیست ناحاضر است (His name is missing/absent from the list).

فردِ ناحاضر

— The absent individual.

فرد ناحاضر باید فردا مراجعه کند.

よく混同される語

ناحاضر vs ناآماده (nā-āmādeh)

Means 'not ready'. 'Nāhāzer' means 'not present'.

ناحاضر vs ناپدید (nāpadid)

Means 'disappeared'. You can be absent (nāhāzer) without being lost.

ناحاضر vs نادرست (nādorost)

Means 'incorrect'. Sometimes confused by beginners due to the 'nā-' prefix.

慣用句と表現

"حاضر و ناحاضر"

— Referring to everyone, whether they are there or not. Similar to 'all and sundry'.

او از حاضر و ناحاضر انتقاد کرد.

Literary

"دلش ناحاضر است"

— His heart is not in it; he is physically here but emotionally elsewhere.

او در کلاس نشسته اما دلش ناحاضر است.

Informal/Poetic

"در جمع ناحاضر بودن"

— To be socially awkward or not truly part of a group despite being there.

او همیشه در جمع ناحاضر به نظر می‌رسد.

Descriptive

"ناحاضرِ همیشه حاضر"

— A paradoxical way to describe someone whose absence is strongly felt.

او برای ما یک ناحاضرِ همیشه حاضر است.

Poetic

"جای کسی ناحاضر بودن"

— Used to express that someone's absence was noticed and they were missed.

در مهمانی جای تو ناحاضر بود (Your place was empty/You were missed). Note: 'jāyat khāli' is more common.

Formal/Old-fashioned

"ناحاضر در خویش"

— To be lost in thought; introspective to the point of ignoring surroundings.

عارف در خویش ناحاضر گشت.

Mystical/Archaic

"سفره ناحاضر"

— A table that is not set or ready. Rare usage.

مهمانان آمدند و سفره هنوز ناحاضر بود.

Regional/Archaic

"ناحاضر از دنیا"

— To be detached from worldly affairs.

او مردی بود ناحاضر از هیاهوی دنیا.

Literary

"ناحاضر در محکمه"

— A legal idiom for failing to show up for judgment.

ناحاضر در محکمه بودن عواقب سنگینی دارد.

Legal

"فکرِ ناحاضر"

— To have a wandering mind.

با فکر ناحاضر نمی‌توان درس خواند.

Common

間違えやすい

ناحاضر vs غایب

Both mean 'absent'.

Ghāyeb is common and Arabic-based. Nāhāzer is formal and uses a Persian prefix.

شاگرد غایب است (Common) vs. کارمند ناحاضر است (Formal).

ناحاضر vs ناآماده

Hāzer can mean 'ready'.

Nā-āmādeh is the standard for 'not ready'. Nāhāzer is almost always 'absent'.

من ناآماده‌ام (I'm not ready) vs. او ناحاضر است (He is absent).

ناحاضر vs غیرحاضر

Direct synonym.

Ghayr-e hāzer is an Arabic-style negation. Nāhāzer is a Persian-style negation.

Both are used in very formal legal texts.

ناحاضر vs مفقود

Both involve not being there.

Mafghood implies being 'lost' or 'missing' (like a missing person). Nāhāzer is just 'not present'.

او در لیست ناحاضر است vs. او در جنگ مفقود شد.

ناحاضر vs غافل

Related to 'absence of mind'.

Ghāfel is about awareness. Nāhāzer is about physical presence.

او از درس غافل است vs. او در کلاس ناحاضر است.

文型パターン

[Name] ناحاضر است.

سارا ناحاضر است.

[Noun]ِ ناحاضر [Verb].

دانش‌آموزِ ناحاضر نیامد.

به دلیل [Reason]، [Subject] ناحاضر بود.

به دلیل بیماری، او ناحاضر بود.

در صورتِ ناحاضر بودنِ [Noun]، [Consequence].

در صورت ناحاضر بودن شاهد، دادگاه لغو می‌شود.

[Abstract Noun]ِ ناحاضر در [Context].

صدای ناحاضر در متن کتاب.

تجلیِ [Concept] به مثابهِ امری ناحاضر.

تجلی حقیقت به مثابه امری ناحاضر.

نام [Name] در لیستِ ناحاضران است.

نام من در لیست ناحاضران است.

او علی‌رغمِ [Noun]، ناحاضر ماند.

او علی‌رغم دعوت، ناحاضر ماند.

語族

名詞

حضور (hozur) - presence

حاضران (hāzerān) - those present

ناحاضران (nāhāzerān) - those absent

محضر (mahzar) - presence/court

動詞

حاضر شدن (hāzer shodan) - to appear/be present

حضور یافتن (hozur yāftan) - to attend (formal)

形容詞

حاضر (hāzer) - present

حاضر‌جواب (hāzer-javāb) - witty/quick-witted

ناحاضر (nāhāzer) - absent

使い方

frequency

Medium. High in formal writing, low in daily speech.

よくある間違い

Using 'nāhāzer' to mean 'not ready'. → Use 'nā-āmādeh'.
In modern Persian, 'nāhāzer' has lost its 'not ready' meaning in most contexts.
Writing 'nā' and 'hāzer' as two separate words with a space. → Write them together (ناحاضر).
Prefixes in Persian should be attached or separated by a half-space, not a full space.
Using 'nāhāzer' in a casual text to a friend. → Use 'ghāyeb' or 'nayāmadam'.
'Nāhāzer' is too formal for texting friends about missing a party.
Pronouncing 'z' (ض) as 'd'. → Pronounce it as 'z'.
Unlike Arabic, Persian pronounces the letter 'zād' (ض) exactly like 'ze' (ز).
Forgetting the Ezafe in 'list-e nāhāzerān'. → Always add the '-e' sound between the noun and the adjective.
Ezafe is mandatory for connecting nouns to their modifiers.

ヒント

Using the Prefix

Remember that 'nā-' is a very powerful prefix in Persian. Once you know 'nāhāzer', you can guess 'nādorost' (not right) and 'nāshnās' (unknown).

Formal vs. Informal

Keep 'nāhāzer' in your 'formal pocket'. Use it for essays and work emails, but stick to 'ghāyeb' for your friends.

List Making

If you are making a table of attendees, the columns should be labeled 'حاضر' (Present) and 'ناحاضر' (Absent).

Respect the Presence

In Iran, being 'hāzer' is important. If you must be 'nāhāzer', always provide a reason (dalil) to maintain good relations.

The Long 'A'

Ensure the 'ā' in 'nā' and 'hā' are the same long sound. It makes the word sound melodic and correct.

The 'Hazer' Root

Connect 'nāhāzer' to 'hazrat' (Excellency/Presence). It helps you remember that the root is about being present.

Abstract Use

Try using 'nāhāzer' to describe a 'distant' look in someone's eyes. It’s a very B1+ way to use the word.

Courtroom Context

If you see 'nāhāzer' in a legal news story, it almost always means someone missed their trial.

Pluralizing

The suffix '-ān' is the formal plural. So 'nāhāzerān' is much more formal than 'nāhāzer-hā'.

The Roll Call

Listen for this word in movies during a court scene or a formal board meeting scene.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'NA' as 'No' and 'HAZER' as 'Here'. NA-HAZER = No-Here (Not here).

視覚的連想

Imagine a classroom chair with a big 'X' on it and a 'No' sign. The person who should be there is 'nāhāzer'.

Word Web

حاضر (Present) غایب (Absent - common) نا- (Not) لیست (List) جلسه (Meeting) مدرسه (School) حضور (Presence) عدم (Lack of)

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences about a famous person who was 'nāhāzer' at an important event. Use 'nāhāzer' instead of 'ghāyeb'.

語源

Formed from the Persian prefix 'nā-' (Indo-European root *ne-) and the Arabic root 'h-d-r' (ح-ض-ر) which relates to being present or at hand. The combination is a classic 'hybrid' word found in Persian.

元の意味： Literally 'not present' or 'not ready'.

Indo-Iranian (prefix) + Semitic (root).

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but ensure you don't use it to mean 'unready' for a meal, as it might sound archaic or confusing.

Similar to the difference between 'absent' and 'not here'. 'Nāhāzer' is the 'absent' of formal documents.

Used in official Iranian parliamentary (Majlis) reports to list members who didn't attend. Appears in legal proceedings regarding 'hukm-e ghiābi' (judgment in absence). Occurs in classical-style modern poetry to describe a lover who is physically away.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

School/University

حضور و غیاب
دانش‌آموز ناحاضر
گواهی پزشکی
کسر نمره

Office/Workplace

مرخصی ساعتی
لیست حضور
غیبت غیرموجه
گزارش روزانه

Legal/Court

حکم غیابی
عدم حضور شاهد
احضاریه
وکیل مدافع

Software/Apps

وضعیت کاربر
آفلاین
در دسترس نیست
آخرین بازدید

Philosophy/Literature

دیالکتیک حضور
معنای نهفته
غیاب سوژه
فضای تهی

会話のきっかけ

"آیا می‌دانی چرا همکارت امروز در شرکت ناحاضر است؟"

"در لیست ناحاضرانِ جلسه، نام چه کسانی دیده می‌شود؟"

"به نظر شما اگر دانش‌آموزی زیاد ناحاضر باشد، چه باید کرد؟"

"آیا تا به حال به اشتباه نام شما را در لیست ناحاضران نوشته‌اند؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم تعداد افراد ناحاضر در کنفرانس را کاهش دهیم؟"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که در یک مراسم مهم ناحاضر بودید و چه احساسی داشتید.

اگر می‌توانستید در یک جای دنیا ناحاضر باشید و در جای دیگر حاضر، کجا را انتخاب می‌کردید؟

تفاوت بین 'غایب بودن' و 'ناحاضر بودن' را از دیدگاه خودتان توضیح دهید.

یک گزارش کوتاه درباره تعداد افراد ناحاضر در یک کلاس فرضی بنویسید.

آیا تا به حال در یک جمع حاضر بوده‌اید اما از نظر ذهنی خود را ناحاضر حس کرده‌اید؟ توصیف کنید.

よくある質問

10 問

Technically, 'hāzer' means ready, so 'nāhāzer' could mean 'not ready'. However, in modern Persian, this is very rare and sounds old-fashioned. Use 'nā-āmādeh' for 'not ready' to avoid confusion.

No, 'ghāyeb' is much more common in daily life. 'Nāhāzer' is reserved for formal reports, lists, and official documents.

If you are talking to a teacher or classmates, use 'ghāyeb'. For example: 'Ali emruz ghāyeb ast'.

The plural is 'nāhāzerān' (ناحاضران). It means 'the absent ones' and is used as a noun.

Yes, in legal contexts, it refers to a party who fails to appear in court. A 'hukm-e ghiābi' (in-absentia verdict) can be issued for someone who is 'nāhāzer'.

In modern Persian, it is usually written attached (ناحاضر) or with a very small space (half-space). It is never written as two separate words with a full space.

Usually, it describes people. For objects, words like 'mojud nist' (is not available) or 'nist' are more common.

There isn't a single verb. We use 'nāhāzer budan' or 'ghāyeb budan' (to be absent) or 'ghaybat kardan' (to make an absence/miss).

It is a soft 'h' sound from the throat. Don't skip it entirely, but don't make it as harsh as the English 'h' in 'hat'.

Sometimes. While 'āflāyn' or 'gheyr-e fa'āl' (inactive) are common, 'nāhāzer' might be used in a formal status list in an app.

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