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B2 noun 9分で読める

سرمشق

sarmashq

練習する例文メモとヒント سرمشق 30秒で

解説 سرمشق in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of سرمشق (Sarmashq) as a very simple 'model' or 'example' that you see in your Persian workbook. Imagine you are learning to write the letter 'A'. The teacher writes a perfect 'A' at the top of the page, and you copy it ten times. That first 'A' is the sarmashq. At this stage, you don't need to worry about the complex social meanings. Just remember it as 'the thing I copy to learn'. You might hear your teacher say 'Look at the sarmashq' (به سرمشق نگاه کن). It is a basic noun. You can use it to talk about your homework or a simple drawing you are trying to copy. It's like the word 'copy-cat' but for the thing you are copying! It helps you learn the rhythm of the Persian language because it shows you the right way to do something from the very beginning. Even at A1, knowing this word makes you sound like a real student of the language because it is so central to how Persian is taught in schools.

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By A2, you can start using سرمشق to describe people in a very basic way. If you have a good friend who always does their homework, you could say 'He is a good sarmashq' (او سرمشق خوبی است). It means he is a good example to follow. You are moving from the physical 'handwriting' meaning to a slightly more abstract 'behavior' meaning. You will see this word in simple stories where a child follows the sarmashq of their parents. You can also use it with the verb 'neveshtan' (to write) to talk about your daily practice. For example: 'I wrote my sarmashq today' (من امروز سرمشقم را نوشتم). At this level, it's helpful to know that sar means head and mashq means practice. This 'head-practice' is the leader of your exercises. It's a great word to use when talking about mentors or teachers who help you improve your skills.

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At the B1 level, سرمشق becomes a useful tool for discussing values and social roles. You can use it to describe why someone is a hero or a leader. You might say, 'His hard work is a sarmashq for all of us.' This shows you understand that a sarmashq is an ideal standard. You can also start using the common construction 'sarmashq gharar dadan' (to set as a model). For example, 'We should set nature as our sarmashq.' This level requires you to distinguish between sarmashq and nemuneh (sample). While a sample is just one part, a sarmashq is the goal. You will encounter this word in Iranian newspapers and blogs, especially in articles about education, success stories, or cultural heritage. It's a word that adds a touch of 'seriousness' and 'tradition' to your Persian, making your descriptions of people more nuanced than just saying they are 'good' or 'bad'.

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At the B2 level, where this word is officially categorized, you should use سرمشق to discuss paradigms, systems, and complex moral examples. You can use it in the context of 'Sarmashq-haye fekri' (intellectual paradigms) or 'Sarmashq-haye modiriyati' (management models). At this stage, you understand the cultural weight of the term—the idea of a 'master' providing a 'perfect line' for others to follow. You can use it to critique or praise social structures. For instance, 'This country's development model (sarmashq) is not suitable for us.' You are comfortable with the Ezafe construction and can use the word in plural forms to discuss various competing models. You also recognize the word in literature and can appreciate how a poet might use it to describe the 'pattern' of fate. Your usage should reflect an understanding that sarmashq is about imitation with the goal of perfection, a concept deeply rooted in Persian arts and ethics.

By C1, your use of سرمشق should be fluid and culturally rich. You can use it to discuss the 'philosophy of imitation' in Persian calligraphy or the role of 'exemplars' in Islamic ethics. You might use it in academic writing to describe a 'model' or 'framework' for analysis. You are aware of the subtle differences between sarmashq, olgu, and osveh, and you choose the word that fits the register of your conversation perfectly. You can use it metaphorically: 'The master's silence was a sarmashq for his students.' This implies that even non-verbal actions can be a 'line' to be copied. You can also discuss the 'Sarmashq-haye zibayi-shenakhti' (aesthetic paradigms) of different historical eras. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a window into the Iranian worldview of mentorship, tradition, and the pursuit of excellence through disciplined practice.

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At the C2 level, سرمشق is a tool for deep philosophical and literary analysis. You can engage in discussions about how modern 'paradigms' (sarmashq-ha) have shifted away from traditional ones. You might analyze a poem where the 'sarmashq' is the divine will or the archetypal beauty of the beloved. You can use the word in highly formal speeches or complex legal/sociological texts where it represents the 'foundational model' of a system. You understand its historical evolution from the maktab to the modern university. You can use it to describe the 'Sarmashq-e zendegi' (the template of life) in a way that resonates with the deep existential themes in Persian literature. Your mastery of the word allows you to use it with irony, reverence, or technical precision, depending on the context, fully grasping its resonance as both a simple school tool and a profound metaphysical concept.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

سرمشق 30秒で

Sarmashq means a model or exemplar to follow.
It comes from calligraphy, where a master writes the top line.
It is used for moral role models and educational patterns.
Commonly used with 'gharar dadan' (to set as a model).

The Persian word سرمشق (Sarmashq) is a compound noun that occupies a unique space in the Iranian cultural and linguistic landscape. Etymologically, it is composed of sar (meaning 'head' or 'top') and mashq (meaning 'exercise', 'drill', or 'practice'). Historically, this term finds its roots in the traditional calligraphy schools and maktabs of Iran. In these settings, a master calligrapher would write a perfect line of poetry or a religious verse at the very top of a student's tablet or paper. This top line—the sarmashq—served as the absolute standard that the student was required to imitate repeatedly until their handwriting matched the master's aesthetic perfection. Over time, the word transcended the world of ink and reed pens to encompass any person, idea, or system that serves as a model of excellence or a pattern for conduct. When you use this word today, you are not just talking about a 'model' in a generic sense; you are invoking a sense of disciplined imitation and the pursuit of an ideal standard.

Educational Context: In modern Iranian schools, while digital tools are prevalent, the concept of the sarmashq remains central to learning the Persian script. It refers to the printed or handwritten example at the top of a workbook page that children must follow to master the complex curves of the Nastaliq script.

معلم برای دانش‌آموزان یک سرمشق زیبا نوشت تا از روی آن تمرین کنند.
(The teacher wrote a beautiful model for the students so they could practice from it.)

Ethical and Moral Context: Beyond the classroom, sarmashq describes a person whose life and virtues serve as a template for others. It is often used in biographical contexts or eulogies to describe someone whose integrity is worth emulating. In this sense, it is synonymous with 'exemplar' or 'role model'.

صداقت او باید سرمشق همه ما در زندگی باشد.
(His honesty should be a model/pattern for all of us in life.)

In political and social discourse, sarmashq can also refer to a paradigm or a governing principle. For instance, a successful economic policy might be described as a sarmashq for developing nations. It implies a proven track record that others would be wise to replicate. The word suggests that the 'top line' has already been written by someone with expertise, and the task of the follower is to replicate that success through careful attention and practice. This nuances the word differently than 'example' (mesal), which is just an instance, or 'sample' (nemuneh), which is a representative part of a whole. A sarmashq is inherently aspirational; it is the 'best' version that one strives to reach.

Literary Usage: In classical Persian poetry, the beloved's eyebrow or a master's stroke might be called a sarmashq for beauty or art. It represents the archetype of perfection.

این کتاب، سرمشق جدیدی در ادبیات داستانی ایران گشود.
(This book opened a new paradigm/model in Iranian fiction literature.)

Using سرمشق correctly involves understanding its role as a noun that often functions as a predicate or an object of 'قرار دادن' (to place/set) or 'گرفتن' (to take). Because it originates from the idea of a 'top line' to be followed, it naturally fits into sentences about education, mentorship, and moral guidance. At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using it to discuss abstract concepts like leadership styles or societal norms. It is not just a physical object; it is a conceptual blueprint for behavior.

With 'Gharar dadan' (To set as a model): This is perhaps the most common formal construction. It means to establish something or someone as the standard to be followed by others.

ما باید فداکاری‌های آن‌ها را سرمشق کار خود قرار دهیم.
(We must set their sacrifices as the model for our work.)

With 'Gereftan' (To take as a model): This focuses on the learner or the follower. To 'take sarmashq' from someone means to emulate them or learn from their example.

او از برادر بزرگترش سرمشق می‌گیرد.
(He takes a model/example from his older brother.)

In a more literal, educational sense, sarmashq is used with verbs like 'dadan' (to give) or 'neveshtan' (to write). In the first grade of Iranian primary schools, the 'Sarmashq' is the most important part of the 'Daftar-e Mashq' (exercise book). Parents and teachers often say, 'Sarmashq-at ra benevis' (Write your model/practice line). This literal usage is deeply nostalgic for Iranians, evoking memories of ink-stained fingers and the struggle to make letters look 'right'.

Abstract Social Usage: When discussing history or sociology, you might hear about 'Sarmashq-haye jahani' (Global paradigms). This refers to universal models of development or governance.

این سبک معماری به سرمشقی برای بناهای مدرن تبدیل شد.
(This architectural style became a model for modern buildings.)

پدرم همیشه سرمشق پایداری و صبر بود.
(My father was always a model of perseverance and patience.)

If you are walking through a Persian-speaking environment, you will encounter سرمشق in several distinct contexts. First and foremost is the educational sphere. In any store selling stationery (lavazem-ol-tahrir), you might see books titled 'Sarmashq-e Khat' (Models for Handwriting). These are calligraphy practice books. If you are a parent or a teacher in Iran, this word is a daily staple. You will hear teachers telling students to look closely at the sarmashq before they start their homework.

In the Media and News: Journalists and political commentators use sarmashq when discussing national heroes or successful international policies. You might hear a news anchor say, 'The athlete's perseverance is a sarmashq for the youth of our country.' It is a word that carries a tone of respect and authority.

موفقیت‌های علمی این دانشمند، سرمشقی برای نسل‌های آینده است.
(The scientific successes of this scientist are a model for future generations.)

In religious and spiritual settings, sarmashq is used to describe the lives of the Prophets or Imams. Sermons often focus on how the character of these figures should be the sarmashq for a believer's daily life. It is not just about following rules, but about imitating a way of being. Similarly, in the world of Persian arts—be it music, painting, or carpet weaving—the initial patterns provided by the master to the apprentice are called sarmashq. Even in modern business, a 'best practice' or a successful business model might be translated as a sarmashq-e kari in a formal report.

In Literature and Poetry: Poets use the word metaphorically to describe a destiny or a pattern of love that has been set for them. It suggests a path that was written before they began to walk it.

او راه و رسم زندگی را از سرمشق‌های بزرگان آموخت.
(He learned the ways of life from the models of the greats.)

این پیروزی بزرگ، سرمشقی برای تمام تیم‌های ورزشی شد.
(This great victory became a model for all sports teams.)

One of the most common mistakes English speakers make when using سرمشق is confusing it with other Persian words for 'example' or 'model'. While English often uses 'model' for everything from a fashion model to a mathematical model, Persian is more specific. Using sarmashq to describe a 3D model of a building or a person posing for a photo would be incorrect. In those cases, you should use maaket (ماکت) or model (مدل) respectively.

Sarmashq vs. Nemuneh: 'Nemuneh' (نمونه) refers to a 'sample' or an 'instance' (like a blood sample or a sample of fabric). 'Sarmashq' is a standard to be followed. You wouldn't say 'this blood sample is a sarmashq' unless you are implying that this blood is the ideal version of blood that all other blood should strive to be!

اشتباه: این یک سرمشق از پارچه است.
درست: این یک نمونه از پارچه است.
(Wrong: This is a 'sarmashq' of fabric. Right: This is a 'nemuneh' of fabric.)

Sarmashq vs. Olgu: 'Olgu' (الگو) is the closest synonym, but it is more neutral and technical. You use 'olgu' for a sewing pattern or a psychological pattern. 'Sarmashq' is more traditional and often implies a moral or educational hierarchy. Using 'sarmashq' for a dress pattern sounds very strange and archaic.

Another mistake is with the verb collocation. Learners sometimes use 'kardan' (to do) with sarmashq. While 'sarmashq kardan' is occasionally heard in very specific calligraphy contexts, the standard way to say 'to follow an example' is 'sarmashq gharar dadan' (to set as a model) or 'az ruye sarmashq amal kardan' (to act according to the model). Also, be careful with the plural. While 'sarmashq-ha' is correct, in many contexts, the singular is used to represent the concept as a whole, similar to how we say 'he is a model of virtue' rather than 'he is models of virtue'.

اشتباه: او را سرمشق کرد.
درست: او را سرمشق قرار داد.
(Wrong: He 'did' him as a model. Right: He 'set' him as a model.)

Persian is rich with words for 'model', 'example', and 'pattern', each with its own subtle nuance. Understanding the differences between سرمشق and its alternatives will help you reach C1/C2 level proficiency. The choice of word often depends on whether you are talking about a physical object, a mathematical concept, or a moral ideal.

الگو (Olgu): This is the most versatile word for 'pattern' or 'model'. It is used in tailoring (sewing patterns), psychology (behavioral patterns), and science (theoretical models). It is more modern and less 'educational' than sarmashq.

اسوه (Osveh): This is a highly formal, often religious term for 'exemplar'. It is borrowed from Arabic and is almost exclusively used for spiritual or extremely virtuous figures (e.g., Osveh-ye sabr - the exemplar of patience). It is even more elevated than sarmashq.

نمونه (Nemuneh): As mentioned before, this is 'sample' or 'specimen'. It represents a group. For example, a 'nemuneh-ye dowlati' school is a 'model' government school, but here 'model' means 'representative of the best version', not necessarily a line to be copied.

او اسوه مقاومت بود، در حالی که رفتارش سرمشقی برای جوانان شد.
(He was an exemplar of resistance, while his behavior became a model for the youth.)

Other words include mesal (مثال) for 'example' in a logical argument, and paradigme (پارادایم) which is used in academic and scientific contexts just like in English. If you are talking about a 'role model' in a very casual sense, you might just say 'kasi ke man mikham mesle un basham' (someone I want to be like), but using sarmashq adds a layer of sophistication and cultural depth to your speech.

پیش‌فرض (Pish-farz): Sometimes confused in the sense of a 'default model', but this actually means 'assumption' or 'presupposition'.

ما باید از سرمشق‌های سنتی فراتر برویم.
(We must go beyond traditional models/paradigms.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In old Iranian schools, students didn't have printed books. The teacher's 'sarmashq' was the only source of truth they had to look at for hours.

発音ガイド

UK /sæɾ.mæʃɢ/

US /sær.mæʃk/

The stress is on the second syllable: sar-MASHQ.

韻が合う語

مشق (Mashq) عشق (Eshq - slant rhyme) دمشق (Damashq) نقش (Naqsh - near rhyme) پخش (Pakhsh - near rhyme) بخش (Bakhsh - near rhyme) رخش (Rakhsh) درخش (Derakhsh)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'q' as a soft 'g' like in 'go'.
Merging the 'r' and 'm' without the clear short vowel 'æ' between 's' and 'r'.
Over-emphasizing the first syllable.
Pronouncing 'sh' too softly.
Failing to tap the 'r' (it should not be an American 'r').

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts but needs context to distinguish from 'mashq'.

ライティング 4/5

Requires knowledge of compound verb constructions like 'gharar dadan'.

スピーキング 4/5

Using it naturally in conversation requires understanding the 'moral' register.

リスニング 3/5

Clearly pronounced, usually easy to hear in formal speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

سر (Sar) مشق (Mashq) نوشتن (Neveshtan) خوب (Khub) معلم (Mo'allem)

次に学ぶ

الگو (Olgu) اسوه (Osveh) تقلید (Taghlid) پیروی (Peyravi) رهبری (Rahbari)

上級

پارادایم (Paradigm) کهن‌الگو (Archetype) نمونه‌وار (Exemplary/Typical) سرمشق‌انگاری (Paradigm-thinking) تعالی (Excellence/Transcendence)

知っておくべき文法

Compound Nouns

سرمشق (Sar + Mashq) follows the pattern of Head + Task.

Ezafe Construction

سرمشقِ خوب (The good model) - the 'e' sound links the noun and adjective.

Compound Verbs with 'Gharar dadan'

او را سرمشق قرار داد (He set him as a model).

Indefinite 'i'

سرمشقی برای همه (A model for all).

Pluralization with 'ha'

سرمشق‌ها (Models).

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レベル別の例文

این سرمشق من است.

This is my model/practice line.

Simple subject-predicate sentence with a possessive pronoun.

سرمشق را نگاه کن.

Look at the model.

Imperative sentence with the object marker 'ra'.

او سرمشق خوبی دارد.

He has a good model.

Basic 'to have' (dashtan) construction.

سرمشق چیست؟

What is a 'sarmashq'?

Simple question using the contracted form of 'ast' (is).

من سرمشق می‌نویسم.

I am writing the model/practice.

Present continuous sense using the simple present tense.

این یک سرمشق زیبا است.

This is a beautiful model.

Adjective 'ziba' follows the noun with an Ezafe (hidden here).

سرمشق کجاست؟

Where is the model?

Interrogative sentence about location.

سرمشق را دوست دارم.

I like the model.

Direct object with 'ra' and the verb 'dust dashtan'.

معلم برای ما سرمشق نوشت.

The teacher wrote a model for us.

Past tense of 'neveshtan' with a prepositional phrase.

او سرمشق برادرش را می‌بیند.

He sees his brother's model.

Possessive Ezafe between 'sarmashq' and 'baradar'.

باید از روی سرمشق بنویسی.

You must write from the model.

Modal verb 'bayad' followed by the subjunctive.

این سرمشق خیلی سخت است.

This model is very difficult.

Adverb 'kheyli' modifying the adjective 'sakht'.

سرمشق‌های او همیشه تمیز هستند.

His models/practices are always clean.

Plural noun with plural verb agreement.

او سرمشق خوبی برای من است.

He is a good role model for me.

Noun used metaphorically for a person.

آیا این سرمشق درست است؟

Is this model correct?

Question particle 'aya' used for formal inquiry.

سرمشق جدید را شروع کن.

Start the new model/practice.

Imperative of 'shoru kardan'.

او همیشه پدرش را سرمشق قرار می‌دهد.

He always sets his father as his model.

Compound verb 'sarmashq gharar dadan'.

این داستان سرمشقی برای زندگی است.

This story is a model for life.

Indefinite 'i' (sarmashq-i) used for 'a model'.

بسیاری از هنرمندان از این سبک سرمشق می‌گیرند.

Many artists take a model from this style.

Verb 'sarmashq gereftan' meaning to emulate.

او به عنوان سرمشق فداکاری شناخته می‌شود.

He is known as a model of sacrifice.

Passive construction 'shenakhte mishavad'.

سرمشق‌های قدیمی دیگر کاربرد ندارند.

Old models/paradigms no longer have use.

Negative verb 'karbord nadarand'.

ما باید از سرمشق‌های موفق درس بگیریم.

We must learn from successful models.

Preposition 'az' used with 'dars gereftan'.

او سرمشق شجاعت در کل روستا بود.

He was the model of bravery in the whole village.

Ezafe construction linking 'sarmashq' and 'shoja'at'.

کدام سرمشق برای این کار بهتر است؟

Which model is better for this task?

Interrogative 'kodam' (which).

رفتار او می‌تواند سرمشقی برای تمام مدیران باشد.

His behavior can be a model for all managers.

Modal 'tavanestan' (can) with the subjunctive 'bashad'.

این نظریه، سرمشق جدیدی در علم فیزیک ایجاد کرد.

This theory created a new paradigm in physics.

The word used as 'paradigm' in a scientific context.

او با پشتکار خود، سرمشق پایداری شد.

With his perseverance, he became a model of stability/steadfastness.

Prepositional phrase 'ba poshtkar-e khod' (with his own perseverance).

باید سرمشق‌های ذهنی خود را تغییر دهیم.

We must change our mental models/paradigms.

Compound noun 'sarmashq-haye zehni'.

تاریخ، سرمشق‌های زیادی به ما می‌آموزد.

History teaches us many models/lessons.

Verb 'amukhtan' taking a direct object and indirect object.

او از سرمشق‌های کلاسیک در نقاشی پیروی می‌کند.

He follows classic models in painting.

Verb 'peyravi kardan' (to follow) with the preposition 'az'.

این پروژه می‌تواند به عنوان یک سرمشق ملی مطرح شود.

This project can be proposed as a national model.

Passive potential 'mitavanad... matrah shavad'.

او هیچ‌گاه از سرمشق‌های غلط پیروی نکرد.

He never followed wrong models.

Double negative 'hich-gah... nakard' (never... did not).

بررسی سرمشق‌های حاکمیتی در دوران صفویه ضروری است.

It is essential to examine the governance paradigms during the Safavid era.

Formal academic register with 'zaruri ast'.

او سرمشق‌های اخلاقی را بر منافع شخصی مقدم شمرد.

He prioritized moral models/principles over personal interests.

Idiomatic 'moghadam shamordan' (to prioritize/prefer).

این هنرمند، سرمشق‌های سنتی را با نگاهی مدرن بازآفرینی کرده است.

This artist has recreated traditional models with a modern perspective.

Present perfect tense 'bazaferini karde ast'.

سرمشق قرار دادنِ عدالت، پایه و اساس این حکومت است.

Setting justice as the model is the foundation of this government.

Gerundial phrase (Sarmashq gharar dadan-e...) acting as the subject.

او در نوشته‌هایش از سرمشق‌های بیانیِ بیهقی الهام گرفته است.

In his writings, he has taken inspiration from the expressive models of Beyhaqi.

Prepositional phrase with 'elham gereftan' (to take inspiration).

تغییر سرمشق‌های اقتصادی نیازمند اراده‌ای جمعی است.

Changing economic paradigms requires a collective will.

Formal vocabulary like 'niyazmand' (requiring).

سرمشق‌های آموزشی باید با نیازهای روز تطبیق یابند.

Educational models must be adapted to modern needs.

Subjunctive passive 'tatbiq yaband'.

او با زندگی زاهدانه خود، سرمشقی برای عارفان شد.

With his ascetic life, he became a model for mystics.

Adjective 'zahedaneh' (ascetic) describing life.

ساختار این منظومه، سرمشقی برای حماسه‌سرایان بعدی گردید.

The structure of this poetic cycle became a paradigm for subsequent epic poets.

Literary verb 'gardidan' instead of 'shodan'.

او در پی یافتن سرمشقی متعالی برای پیوند میان سنت و مدرنیته بود.

He was in pursuit of finding a sublime model for the link between tradition and modernity.

Complex prepositional phrase 'dar pey-e yaftan-e...'.

سرمشق‌های معرفت‌شناختیِ او ریشه در حکمت متعالیه دارد.

His epistemological paradigms are rooted in Transcendent Theosophy.

Highly technical term 'ma'refat-shenakhti' (epistemological).

این اثر، سرمشقی است که در آن فرم و محتوا به وحدت رسیده‌اند.

This work is a model in which form and content have reached unity.

Relative clause 'ke dar an...'.

او از سرمشق‌های تحمیلیِ جامعه سر باز زد و راه خود را یافت.

He rebelled against the imposed models of society and found his own way.

Idiomatic 'sar baz zadan' (to refuse/rebel).

سرمشق‌های زیبایی‌شناسی در هر عصر، بازتابی از روح آن زمانه است.

Aesthetic paradigms in every era are a reflection of the spirit of that time.

Abstract philosophical statement.

او با نقد سرمشق‌های موجود، افق‌های جدیدی را در اندیشه گشود.

By critiquing existing paradigms, he opened new horizons in thought.

Present participle construction 'ba naghd-e...'.

تجسمِ والای انسانیت در این شخصیت، سرمشقی ابدی است.

The high embodiment of humanity in this character is an eternal model.

Formal noun 'tajasom' (embodiment).

よく使う組み合わせ

سرمشق قرار دادن

سرمشق گرفتن

سرمشق نوشتن

سرمشق زندگی

سرمشق اخلاقی

سرمشق فکری

سرمشق زیبا

سرمشق نوین

سرمشق کار

از روی سرمشق

よく使うフレーズ

سرمشق دادن

— To provide a model or a line for practice. Used by teachers.

معلم به شاگردان سرمشق داد.

سرمشق بودن

— To be a model or an example. Used to describe people or things.

او همیشه برای من سرمشق بود.

سرمشقِ عمل

— A model for action or a practical guideline.

این دستورالعمل، سرمشقِ عمل ماست.

سرمشقِ کمال

— A model of perfection. Highly literary.

او سرمشقِ کمال انسانی است.

سرمشق گرفتن از تاریخ

— To take lessons/models from history.

باید از اشتباهات تاریخ سرمشق بگیریم.

سرمشقِ جدید

— A new paradigm or a new way of doing things.

تکنولوژی سرمشقِ جدیدی ایجاد کرده است.

سرمشقِ راه

— A guide or model for the path/journey of life.

ایمان، سرمشقِ راه او بود.

سرمشقِ هنر

— A model of art or artistic standard.

این مینیاتور سرمشقِ هنر ایرانی است.

سرمشقِ درست

— The correct model or the right example to follow.

پیدا کردن سرمشقِ درست کار سختی است.

سرمشقِ بیانی

— A model of expression or literary style.

حافظ سرمشقِ بیانی بسیاری از شاعران است.

よく混同される語

سرمشق vs مشق (Mashq)

Mashq is the practice itself (homework), while Sarmashq is the model you follow.

سرمشق vs الگو (Olgu)

Olgu is more modern/technical; Sarmashq is more traditional/moral.

سرمشق vs مدل (Model)

Model is used for fashion models or physical 3D models (maaket).

慣用句と表現

"سرمشق کسی بودن"

— To be someone's role model or to set an example for them.

رفتار تو سرمشق برادرت است.

General

"سرمشق از کسی گرفتن"

— To follow in someone's footsteps or emulate their behavior.

او در کارش از پدرش سرمشق می‌گیرد.

General

"سرمشق قرار دادن"

— To adopt a certain principle or person as a guiding light.

او راستی را سرمشق خود قرار داد.

Formal

"سرمشقِ روزگار"

— A model or lesson provided by the times/age. Often used for historical lessons.

این واقعه سرمشقِ روزگار شد.

Literary

"سرمشق شدن"

— To become a model or a standard through one's actions.

او با این کار، سرمشق دیگران شد.

General

"سرمشق‌برداری"

— The act of copying a model (usually in a technical or artistic sense).

سرمشق‌برداری از آثار قدما مفید است.

Academic/Artistic

"سرمشقِ اول"

— The primary model or the first principle.

سرمشقِ اول ما در این شرکت، صداقت است.

Professional

"سرمشقِ نانوشته"

— An unwritten model or an unspoken rule that everyone follows.

این‌ها سرمشق‌های نانوشته فرهنگ ما هستند.

Sociological

"سرمشقِ جاودانه"

— An eternal model; something that never goes out of style.

اشعار حافظ سرمشق‌های جاودانه هستند.

Literary

"سرمشقِ غلط دادن"

— To set a bad example or provide a wrong model for others.

نباید به کودکان سرمشقِ غلط داد.

Educational/General

間違えやすい

سرمشق vs نمونه (Nemuneh)

Both can mean 'model' in English.

Nemuneh is a representative sample (e.g., a sample of cloth). Sarmashq is an ideal to be imitated (e.g., a calligraphy line). You copy a sarmashq; you just look at or test a nemuneh.

این یک نمونه خون است (sample). او سرمشق من است (model).

سرمشق vs اسوه (Osveh)

Both mean role model.

Osveh is much more formal and religious. Sarmashq can be used for simple things like handwriting, whereas Osveh is only for high moral character.

پیامبر اسوه ماست. این خط سرمشق من است.

سرمشق vs مثال (Mesal)

Both mean example.

Mesal is an example used for illustration or proof. Sarmashq is an example used for imitation. You don't 'copy' a mesal; you use it to understand.

برای این قانون یک مثال بزنید. از این سرمشق پیروی کن.

سرمشق vs ماکت (Maaket)

English 'model' can mean a miniature version.

Maaket is the physical miniature (like a model airplane). Sarmashq is never physical in that sense.

ماکت هواپیما (model airplane). سرمشق زندگی (life model).

سرمشق vs نقشه (Naqsheh)

English 'model' can mean a plan.

Naqsheh is a map or a technical plan. Sarmashq is a behavioral or aesthetic model.

نقشه ساختمان (building plan). سرمشق اخلاقی (moral model).

文型パターン

این [Noun] است.

این سرمشق است.

او [Noun]ِ خوبی است.

او سرمشق خوبی است.

باید از [Noun] سرمشق بگیریم.

باید از او سرمشق بگیریم.

[Noun] را سرمشق قرار دادن.

او صداقت را سرمشق قرار داد.

سرمشق‌های [Adjective] در [Context].

سرمشق‌های سنتی در هنر مدرن.

به عنوان سرمشق مطرح شدن.

این طرح به عنوان سرمشق مطرح شد.

نقدِ سرمشق‌های حاکم.

او به نقد سرمشق‌های حاکم پرداخت.

سرمشقِ متعالیِ [Noun].

سرمشقِ متعالیِ انسانیت.

語族

名詞

مشق (Mashq) - Practice/Exercise

مشاطه (Mashshateh) - Beautifier (rarely related)

مشاق (Mashshagh) - Calligrapher/Practitioner

動詞

مشق کردن (Mashq kardan) - To practice writing

سرمشق دادن (Sarmashq dadan) - To provide a model

形容詞

سرمشق‌گونه (Sarmashq-goune) - Exemplary

مشقی (Mashqi) - Practice-based/Fake (e.g., practice gun)

使い方

frequency

Common in education, ethics, and formal writing.

よくある間違い

Using 'sarmashq' for a 3D model. → Use 'maaket' (ماکت).
'Sarmashq' is an abstract or 2D model to be imitated, not a physical miniature.
Using 'sarmashq' to mean 'for example'. → Use 'masalan' (مثلاً).
'Sarmashq' is a noun meaning 'exemplar', not a conjunction or adverb.
Saying 'sarmashq kardan' for role modeling. → Use 'sarmashq gharar dadan'.
'Sarmashq kardan' is not a standard compound verb in this sense.
Confusing 'mashq' and 'sarmashq'. → Use 'mashq' for the work you do.
'Mashq' is the exercise; 'sarmashq' is the pattern you follow to do the exercise.
Using 'sarmashq' for a sewing pattern. → Use 'olgu' (الگو).
Technical patterns for crafts always use 'olgu', not 'sarmashq'.

ヒント

Calligraphy Roots

Always remember the calligraphy origin. It helps you understand why it's something you *copy*. It's not just an example; it's a standard of perfection.

Verb Collocations

Memorize 'sarmashq gharar dadan'. It's the most sophisticated way to say 'to take someone as a role model' in formal Persian.

Sarmashq vs. Olgu

Use 'Olgu' for science, math, and sewing. Use 'Sarmashq' for ethics, handwriting, and leadership. This distinction will make you sound like a native.

Respect the Master

In Iran, using this word implies a level of respect for the person being followed. It's a very positive word to use for mentors.

Ezafe Use

When describing what kind of model it is, use the Ezafe: 'sarmashq-e shoja'at' (model of bravery). Don't forget the 'e' sound linking them.

The 'Q' Sound

The 'q' in 'mashq' is a deep sound. Practice saying it at the back of your throat to avoid it sounding like a simple 'k'.

Compound Meaning

Break it down: Sar (Head) + Mashq (Practice). The 'Head-Practice' is the one that leads all other practices. Easy to remember!

News Keywords

When you hear 'sarmashq' in the news, pay attention to the name mentioned before it. That person is being presented as a national hero.

Contextual Clues

If you see 'sarmashq' near words like 'khat' (line/script) or 'neveshtan' (writing), it's literal. Near 'zendegi' (life) or 'akhlaq' (ethics), it's metaphorical.

Practice Writing

Write the word 'سرمشق' at the top of your own Persian notebook. It will serve as your own 'sarmashq' for learning the word!

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Sar' as the 'Head' (the Boss) and 'Mashq' as 'Practice'. The 'Sarmashq' is the Boss of your practice—the one you have to follow!

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant, beautiful Persian letter 'S' written in gold at the top of a page, with many smaller, shaky 'S' letters below it trying to look like the gold one.

Word Web

Calligraphy Teacher Imitation Role Model Paradigm Standard Homework Excellence

チャレンジ

Try to write a sentence about your favorite teacher using 'sarmashq gharar dadan'. Then, try to use it to describe a 'paradigm shift' in technology.

語源

A Persian compound noun. 'Sar' (Persian for head/top) + 'Mashq' (Arabic loanword for exercise/drill). It literally means 'the head of the exercise'.

元の意味： The master's line at the top of a calligraphy student's page.

Indo-European (Persian) with Semitic (Arabic) influence.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities; it is a very positive and respected word.

In English, 'role model' is very common, but 'sarmashq' feels more like 'blueprint' or 'exemplar' in formal contexts.

Calligraphy manuals by masters like Mir Emad. The 'Daftar-e Mashq' (Exercise Book) poem by various modern Iranian poets. Educational slogans in Iranian schools: 'Sarmashq-e ma, rah-e shoheda' (Our model is the path of the martyrs).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Education

سرمشق را کپی کن
سرمشق معلم
دفتر سرمشق
سرمشق خط

Ethics/Morality

سرمشق اخلاقی
سرمشق قرار دادنِ بزرگان
سرمشق بودن برای دیگران
سرمشق فداکاری

Art/Calligraphy

سرمشقِ استاد
اجرای سرمشق
سرمشق‌های نستعلیق
ترکیب‌بندی سرمشق

Politics/Society

سرمشق توسعه
سرمشق‌های جهانی
تغییر سرمشق
سرمشق نوین

Personal Growth

سرمشق زندگی من
از کسی سرمشق گرفتن
سرمشق موفقیت
سرمشق‌های ذهنی

会話のきっかけ

"سرمشق زندگی شما کیست؟ (Who is your life's role model?)"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید والدین همیشه سرمشق خوبی برای فرزندان هستند؟ (Do you think parents are always good models for children?)"

"کدام شخصیت تاریخی را باید سرمشق خود قرار دهیم؟ (Which historical figure should we set as our model?)"

"آیا در دوران مدرسه، نوشتن سرمشق را دوست داشتید؟ (Did you like writing models/practices during school?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم یک سرمشق خوب برای جامعه باشیم؟ (How can we be a good model for society?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره کسی بنویسید که در زندگی شما یک سرمشق واقعی بوده است. (Write about someone who has been a true model in your life.)

چرا داشتن یک سرمشق در یادگیری یک هنر جدید مهم است؟ (Why is having a model important in learning a new art?)

سرمشق‌های فکری شما در ده سال گذشته چگونه تغییر کرده‌اند؟ (How have your intellectual paradigms changed in the last ten years?)

اگر بخواهید یک سرمشق برای نسل آینده بنویسید، آن چه خواهد بود؟ (If you wanted to write a model for the next generation, what would it be?)

تفاوت بین 'سرمشق' و 'الگو' از نظر شما چیست؟ (What is the difference between 'sarmashq' and 'olgu' in your opinion?)

よくある質問

10 問

No, for a fashion model, you should use the loanword 'model' (مدل) or 'manokan' (مانکن). 'Sarmashq' is about an example to be imitated for learning or moral improvement, not someone showing clothes.

Yes, it is very common in schools and in formal writing. While 'olgu' is used more for technical things, 'sarmashq' remains the preferred word for moral and educational models. For example, in news reports about successful people.

'Mashq' is the homework or practice you do (e.g., 'I am doing my mashq'). 'Sarmashq' is the master's line at the top that you are copying (e.g., 'Look at the sarmashq').

Yes, metaphorically. You can say 'He is a sarmashq for me,' meaning he is your role model. This is a very common and respectful way to describe someone you look up to.

It ranges from neutral to formal. It's not slang, but it's used in everyday school life. In its abstract sense (like 'paradigm'), it is quite formal and academic.

You can say 'az sarmashq peyravi kardan' or 'sarmashq gereftan'. Another common way is 'sarmashq gharar dadan' which means to set something as your model.

Yes, 'sarmashq-ha'. You might use this when talking about different models of development or various handwriting exercises.

No. To say 'for example', use 'masalan' or 'be-onvan-e mesal'. 'Sarmashq' is a noun, not a transition word.

It means 'life's model' or 'the pattern of one's life'. It refers to the core principles or role models that guide how a person lives.

It's a Persian compound. 'Sar' (top) + 'Mashq' (practice). It literally refers to the 'top practice line' in traditional calligraphy schooling.

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