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B2 verb 9分で読める

تخصص داشتن

takhasos dāshtan
例文
解説 تخصص داشتن in your Level:
At the A1 level, the concept of 'specializing' might seem advanced, but it is important for basic introductions. A1 learners should understand that 'تخصص داشتن' is used to talk about jobs. They don't need to master the complex Arabic root, but they should recognize 'تخصص' as 'job-related expertise' and 'داشتن' as 'to have.' For an A1 student, the focus is on simple sentences like 'من در کامپیوتر تخصص دارم' (I specialize in computers). This level introduces the idea that in Persian, you 'have' a specialization rather than just 'doing' a job. The grammar is kept simple: subject + preposition 'در' + field + 'تخصص دارم/داری/دارد.' It helps them move beyond basic 'من کار می‌کنم' (I work) to a slightly more descriptive way of talking about their profession. They should also learn that this is a polite and formal way to ask someone about their work during a first meeting. Even at this early stage, using 'تخصص داشتن' correctly shows a high level of respect for the professional identity of others, which is a key cultural aspect of the Persian language. The goal for A1 is recognition and very basic usage in personal introductions.
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At the A2 level, learners begin to expand their vocabulary to include more specific professional fields. They should be able to use 'تخصص داشتن' to describe not just their own jobs, but also those of their family members and friends. For example, 'برادرم در مهندسی تخصص دارد' (My brother specializes in engineering). A2 learners start to differentiate between 'داشتن' (to have) and 'تخصص داشتن' (to specialize). They also practice the past tense: 'او در گذشته در کشاورزی تخصص داشت' (He specialized in agriculture in the past). This level also introduces the negative form 'تخصص ندارم,' which is useful when someone asks for help in a field you are not familiar with. Learners at this stage should also start noticing the word in advertisements or on signs (e.g., 'تخصص در تعمیرات'). They are expected to use the preposition 'در' consistently. The focus is on building confidence in using the verb in everyday professional contexts and understanding that it implies a certain level of training or study beyond just a hobby. They might also learn the related noun 'متخصص' (specialist) to complement the verb.
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At the B1 level, learners should be comfortable using 'تخصص داشتن' in both formal and semi-formal contexts. They start to use it with more abstract fields, such as 'تخصص در روابط بین‌الملل' (specialization in international relations) or 'تخصص در روانشناسی کودک' (specialization in child psychology). B1 students should be able to discuss the importance of specialization in the modern world and express their career goals using the future tense or 'می‌خواهم' (I want to). For example, 'می‌خواهم در آینده در جراحی قلب تخصص داشته باشم' (I want to specialize in heart surgery in the future). They also begin to see the word in news reports and articles. B1 learners should understand the nuance between 'تخصص داشتن' and 'مهارت داشتن' (having skill), using the former for academic/professional contexts and the latter for practical skills. They also practice using the subjunctive mood: 'لازم است که شما در این زمینه تخصص داشته باشید' (It is necessary that you have specialization in this field). This level emphasizes the verb's role in professional networking and academic discussions, allowing the learner to provide more detailed information about their background.
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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, learners must master the nuances of 'تخصص داشتن.' They should be able to use it fluently in professional settings, such as job interviews, presentations, or academic writing. B2 learners understand that 'تخصص داشتن' is a compound verb and can conjugate it perfectly in all tenses, including the present perfect ('تخصص داشته‌ام') and the past perfect ('تخصص داشته بودم'). They can also use it with complex modifiers, such as 'تخصص بسیار بالایی داشتن' (to have a very high level of specialization). At this level, students are expected to know the difference between 'تخصص' and related terms like 'تبحر' (mastery) or 'خبرویت' (expertise). They should be able to explain their specific 'تخصص' in detail, using industry-specific vocabulary. For example, a B2 learner in IT might say, 'من در امنیت شبکه و پروتکل‌های رمزنگاری تخصص دارم.' They also understand the cultural significance of the word in Iran, where it is often linked to social status and professional credibility. B2 learners should be able to read professional bios and understand the specific areas of expertise mentioned without difficulty. They are also introduced to the concept of 'فوق تخصص' (sub-specialization) and how it fits into the Iranian medical and academic hierarchy.
At the C1 level, 'تخصص داشتن' is used with complete stylistic control. Learners can use it in highly formal academic papers, legal documents, or high-level business negotiations. They understand the etymological roots of the word and can use related forms like 'تخصصی' (specialized/technical) and 'تخصص‌گرایی' (specialism/professionalism). C1 learners can engage in debates about the pros and cons of over-specialization in modern society, using 'تخصص داشتن' as a key term. They are also aware of the word's usage in classical-style modern prose and can identify synonyms that carry slightly different registers, such as 'تبحر داشتن' for a more literary flair. At this stage, the learner can use the verb to imply not just knowledge, but also authority and the right to provide expert testimony or advice. They can say, 'با توجه به اینکه من در این حوزه تخصص دارم، پیشنهاد می‌کنم که...' (Given that I specialize in this field, I suggest that...). The C1 level also involves understanding how 'تخصص داشتن' interacts with other complex grammatical structures, such as passive-like constructions or formal relative clauses, and using it to build persuasive arguments in professional contexts.
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At the C2 level, the learner has a native-like grasp of 'تخصص داشتن' and its place in the Persian lexicon. They can detect subtle nuances in how the word is used in different Iranian professional sub-cultures (e.g., how a 'بازاری' might use it vs. a university professor). They can use the word in sophisticated wordplay or idiomatic expressions if they exist, and they can effortlessly switch between 'تخصص داشتن' and its many synonyms (like 'صاحب‌نظر بودن' or 'ید طولایی داشتن') to achieve specific rhetorical effects. C2 learners can write comprehensive professional reports or academic critiques where 'تخصص داشتن' is used to define the boundaries of a study or the qualifications of a researcher. They understand the historical evolution of professional specialization in Iran and can discuss the word in the context of the transition from traditional 'hakims' to modern 'motakhassesin.' Their usage is flawless, and they can use the verb to convey subtle levels of confidence, humility, or authority depending on the social context. For a C2 learner, 'تخصص داشتن' is not just a vocabulary item, but a tool for navigating the highest levels of Persian intellectual and professional life.
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例文
The Persian compound verb تخصص داشتن (takhasos dāshtan) is a cornerstone of professional and academic discourse in the Persian-speaking world. At its core, it translates to 'to have specialization' or 'to specialize in.' This verb is not merely about having a general skill; it implies a deep, often formal, level of expertise in a specific niche or field of study. When an individual uses this term, they are signaling that they have moved beyond the introductory phase of a subject and have dedicated significant time, effort, and often formal education to mastering a particular branch. In the modern Iranian context, where academic credentials and professional titles are highly esteemed, تخصص داشتن carries a weight of authority and reliability. It is the difference between someone who 'knows how to fix things' and someone who 'specializes in mechanical engineering.'
Professional Authority
This verb is the standard way to describe a doctor's specialty, a lawyer's focus, or an engineer's specific field of expertise.
Academic Focus
Used frequently in universities to describe a student's major or a researcher's narrow area of investigation.
Compound Structure
Composed of the noun 'تخصص' (specialization) and the auxiliary verb 'داشتن' (to have).
The word 'تخصص' itself is derived from the Arabic root 'kh-s-s,' which relates to being special or particular. In Persian, combining it with 'داشتن' creates a dynamic verb that fits perfectly into formal resumes, job interviews, and medical consultations. For example, a patient might ask a doctor, 'آیا شما در بیماری‌های قلبی تخصص دارید؟' (Do you specialize in heart diseases?). This usage highlights the necessity of the preposition 'در' (dar), which almost always precedes the field of expertise.

او در زمینه هوش مصنوعی تخصص دارد و چندین مقاله معتبر منتشر کرده است.

Beyond the professional world, you might hear this in a slightly more informal but still respectful way when someone is praised for a specific talent, such as 'specializing' in making a particular traditional dish, though 'مهارت داشتن' (to have skill) is more common for hobbies. However, تخصص داشتن remains the gold standard for formal expertise.

شرکت ما در طراحی نرم‌افزارهای امنیتی تخصص دارد.

In daily life, Iranians use this to navigate the complex landscape of services. If you need a specific repair, you don't just look for a repairman; you look for someone who تخصص دارد in that specific brand or type of appliance. This reflects a cultural emphasis on precision and professional identity.

آیا این وکیل در پرونده‌های مهاجرتی تخصص دارد؟

برادرم در تعمیر خودروهای آلمانی تخصص دارد.

بسیاری از اساتید دانشگاه در حوزه‌های بسیار جزئی تخصص دارند.

Using تخصص داشتن correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical structure as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (the noun 'تخصص') and a light verb ('داشتن'). The light verb 'داشتن' is conjugated according to the subject and tense, while 'تخصص' remains unchanged. The most critical grammatical rule to remember is the use of the preposition 'در' (in) to connect the verb to the field of expertise. For example, 'من در ریاضیات تخصص دارم' (I specialize in mathematics).
Present Tense
To say someone 'specializes' currently, use the present stem of داشتن (دار). Example: او تخصص دارد (He/She specializes).
Past Tense
To say someone 'specialized' or 'had a specialization,' use the past stem (داشت). Example: آن‌ها تخصص داشتند (They specialized).
Negation
Negation is formed by adding 'نـ' to the light verb. Example: من تخصص ندارم (I do not specialize).
When building complex sentences, you can add adverbs to specify the level of expertise. Words like 'کامل' (complete), 'بسیار' (much/very), or 'اندک' (little) can modify 'تخصص.' For instance, 'او در این زمینه تخصص کاملی دارد' (He has complete specialization in this field).

سارا سال‌هاست که در ترجمه متون ادبی تخصص دارد.

In formal contexts, such as a CV or a bio, the phrase is often used with 'زمینه' (field) or 'حوزه' (area). 'تخصص داشتن در حوزه اقتصاد' (Specializing in the area of economics). This adds a layer of professionalism to the sentence.

آیا شما در کار با این دستگاه‌های پیچیده تخصص دارید؟

Another common pattern is the use of 'به‌عنوان' (as) to define the role while using the verb. 'او به‌عنوان جراح قلب تخصص دارد' (He specializes as a heart surgeon). However, the 'در' pattern remains more frequent.

ما به کسی نیاز داریم که در بازاریابی دیجیتال تخصص داشته باشد.

پدرم در تعمیر ساعت‌های قدیمی تخصص داشت.

آن‌ها در تولید انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر تخصص دارند.

You will encounter تخصص داشتن in a variety of real-world scenarios, ranging from high-stakes professional environments to informative television programs. One of the most common places is in a medical setting. In Iran, the medical system is highly specialized, and patients often look for a 'متخصص' (specialist). You will hear phrases like 'او در جراحی مغز و اعصاب تخصص دارد' (He specializes in neurosurgery) in hospital corridors or when discussing healthcare options with family.
In the Workplace
During job interviews, HR managers will ask, 'در چه زمینه‌ای تخصص دارید؟' (In what field do you specialize?). This is a standard question to gauge a candidate's fit for a specific role.
News and Media
Expert commentators on news channels are introduced by their specialization. 'کارشناس ما در مسائل خاورمیانه تخصص دارد' (Our expert specializes in Middle East issues).
Educational Counseling
When students are choosing their paths, counselors discuss which fields have better prospects. 'شما می‌توانید در هوش مصنوعی تخصص داشته باشید.'
On professional networking sites like LinkedIn (which is used by many Iranians), the 'About' section or 'Experience' descriptions frequently use this verb. It helps professionals stand out by defining their niche. For example, 'من در مدیریت پروژه‌های عمرانی تخصص دارم' (I specialize in civil project management).

این تعمیرگاه در خودروهای هیبریدی تخصص دارد.

You will also hear it in academic lectures. A professor might introduce a guest speaker by saying, 'ایشان در تاریخ معاصر ایران تخصص دارند' (They specialize in contemporary Iranian history). This usage establishes the speaker's credibility before they begin their talk.

وکیل من در دعاوی تجاری تخصص دارد.

In advertisements for services, businesses often highlight their specialization to attract specific customers. A law firm might advertise, 'ما در حقوق خانواده تخصص داریم' (We specialize in family law). This specificity is seen as a mark of quality and reliability in the Iranian market.

آیا این آزمایشگاه در تست‌های ژنتیک تخصص دارد؟

شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان معمولاً در یک فناوری خاص تخصص دارند.

او در تدریس زبان فرانسه به کودکان تخصص دارد.

Learning to use تخصص داشتن correctly involves avoiding several common pitfalls that English speakers often encounter. One of the most frequent errors is using the wrong preposition. In English, we say 'specialize in.' In Persian, the equivalent is 'در' (dar). Some learners mistakenly use 'به' (to) or 'برای' (for), which results in ungrammatical sentences like 'من به پزشکی تخصص دارم.' The correct form is always 'من در پزشکی تخصص دارم.'
Preposition Errors
Mistake: تخصص داشتن به... Correct: تخصص داشتن در... Always use 'در' to indicate the field.
Confusion with 'مهارت'
Mistake: Using 'تخصص' for general skills like 'I specialize in swimming.' Correct: Use 'تخصص' for professional/academic fields and 'مهارت' for general skills.
Conjugation of 'داشتن'
Mistake: Forgetting that 'داشتن' is the part that changes. 'تخصص' stays the same regardless of the subject.
Another mistake is the over-reliance on the word 'متخصص' (specialist) when a verb is needed. While 'من متخصص هستم' (I am a specialist) is correct, 'من تخصص دارم' (I specialize) is often more natural when discussing one's activities or career path.

اشتباه: او در نقاشی تخصص است. (He is specialization in painting.)
درست: او در نقاشی تخصص دارد.

Learners also sometimes confuse 'تخصص داشتن' with 'تحصیل کردن' (to study). While they are related, 'تحصیل کردن' refers to the process of education, whereas 'تخصص داشتن' refers to the state of possessing that specific expertise. You can 'تحصیل' in a field without yet 'تخصص داشتن' in it.

اشتباه: من برای پنج سال در مهندسی تخصص داشتم. (Implies you no longer have it.)
درست: من پنج سال در مهندسی تحصیل کردم و اکنون در آن تخصص دارم.

Finally, avoid using 'تخصص داشتن' for very broad categories unless you are a beginner. For example, 'من در علم تخصص دارم' (I specialize in science) is too vague. It is better to say 'من در فیزیک هسته‌ای تخصص دارم' (I specialize in nuclear physics).

اشتباه: آیا شما در زبان انگلیسی تخصص دارید؟ (Too general for a native speaker.)
درست: آیا شما در آموزش زبان انگلیسی تخصص دارید؟

او در تعمیرات موبایل تخصص دارد، نه در فروش آن.

آن‌ها در بازسازی خانه‌های قدیمی تخصص دارند.

While تخصص داشتن is the most direct way to say 'to specialize,' Persian offers several other ways to express expertise, each with its own nuance. Understanding these alternatives will make your Persian sound more natural and sophisticated.
مهارت داشتن (Mahārat Dāshtan)
This means 'to have skill.' It is broader than 'تخصص داشتن' and can apply to hobbies, sports, or general tasks. Example: او در آشپزی مهارت دارد (He is skilled in cooking).
خبره بودن (Khobre Budan)
This means 'to be an expert' or 'to be savvy.' It often implies years of practical experience and 'know-how' rather than just formal education.
استاد بودن (Ostād Budan)
Literally 'to be a master/professor.' Used to describe someone who has reached the pinnacle of a craft or field.
Another important distinction is between 'تخصص داشتن' and 'مسلط بودن' (Mosallat Budan). 'مسلط بودن' means 'to be dominant' or 'to have mastery over,' and it is very commonly used for languages or software. 'من به زبان آلمانی مسلط هستم' (I am fluent/master of German). Note that 'مسلط بودن' usually takes the preposition 'به'.

او در زمینه حقوق بین‌الملل صاحب‌نظر است. (He is an authority/opinion-owner in international law.)

For very formal writing, you might use 'تبحر داشتن' (Tabahhor Dāshtan), which means 'to have great proficiency or mastery.' It is more literary than 'تخصص داشتن.'

این نویسنده در خلق داستان‌های جنایی تبحر دارد.

In a medical context, you might also hear 'فوق تخصص داشتن' (to have a sub-specialization). This is used for doctors who have specialized even further after their initial residency.

ایشان در جراحی پلاستیک فوق تخصص دارند.

او در حل مسائل پیچیده ریاضی سررشته دارد. (He has a clue/expertise in solving complex math problems.)

او در این کار اوستا است. (Informal: He is a master at this work.)

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レベル別の例文

1

من در کامپیوتر تخصص دارم.

I specialize in computers.

Simple present tense of a compound verb.

2

آیا شما در آشپزی تخصص دارید؟

Do you specialize in cooking?

Question form using the second person plural for politeness.

3

او در زبان انگلیسی تخصص دارد.

He/She specializes in the English language.

Third person singular present tense.

4

ما در فروش تخصص داریم.

We specialize in sales.

First person plural present tense.

5

آن‌ها در ورزش تخصص دارند.

They specialize in sports.

Third person plural present tense.

6

پدرم در تعمیر ماشین تخصص دارد.

My father specializes in car repair.

Using a noun phrase (تعمیر ماشین) as the field.

7

من در این کار تخصص ندارم.

I do not specialize in this work.

Negative form of the present tense.

8

سارا در هنر تخصص دارد.

Sara specializes in art.

Simple sentence with a proper noun subject.

1

او در دانشگاه در رشته حقوق تخصص داشت.

He specialized in law at the university.

Past tense 'داشت' used to describe a past state.

2

آیا برادرت در مکانیک تخصص دارد؟

Does your brother specialize in mechanics?

Informal second person singular question.

3

ما در طراحی وب‌سایت تخصص پیدا کردیم.

We gained specialization in website design.

Using 'پیدا کردن' to show the process of gaining expertise.

4

این دکتر در بیماری‌های کودکان تخصص دارد.

This doctor specializes in children's diseases.

Specific medical field usage.

5

من می‌خواهم در آینده در حسابداری تخصص داشته باشم.

I want to specialize in accounting in the future.

Subjunctive mood after 'می‌خواهم'.

6

آن‌ها در ساخت و ساز تخصص زیادی دارند.

They have a lot of specialization in construction.

Using 'زیادی' (a lot) to quantify specialization.

7

خواهرم در نواختن پیانو تخصص دارد.

My sister specializes in playing the piano.

Using a gerund-like infinitive (نواختن).

8

آیا شما در مدیریت تخصص دارید؟

Do you specialize in management?

Formal question in a business context.

1

شرکت ما در تولید قطعات خودرو تخصص دارد.

Our company specializes in producing car parts.

Using 'تولید' (production) as part of the field.

2

او سال‌ها در زمینه محیط زیست تخصص داشته است.

He has specialized in the field of environment for years.

Present perfect tense (تخصص داشته است).

3

برای این شغل، باید در بازاریابی دیجیتال تخصص داشته باشید.

For this job, you must specialize in digital marketing.

Modal verb 'باید' followed by the subjunctive.

4

او در ترجمه همزمان از انگلیسی به فارسی تخصص دارد.

He specializes in simultaneous translation from English to Persian.

Detailed field description.

5

بسیاری از کشاورزان در پرورش گل‌های زینتی تخصص دارند.

Many farmers specialize in growing ornamental flowers.

Plural subject and verb agreement.

6

آیا این وکیل در دعاوی خانوادگی تخصص دارد؟

Does this lawyer specialize in family disputes?

Legal context usage.

7

او در دوران تحصیلش در فیزیک کوانتوم تخصص داشت.

During his studies, he specialized in quantum physics.

Past tense with a temporal phrase.

8

ما به دنبال کسی هستیم که در امنیت شبکه تخصص داشته باشد.

We are looking for someone who specializes in network security.

Relative clause with subjunctive mood.

1

او در جراحی قلب و عروق تخصص فوق‌العاده‌ای دارد.

He has extraordinary specialization in cardiovascular surgery.

Adding an adjective (فوق‌العاده) to 'تخصص'.

2

این موسسه در آموزش زبان‌های باستانی تخصص دارد.

This institute specializes in teaching ancient languages.

Formal institutional usage.

3

او پس از سال‌ها تجربه، در مدیریت بحران تخصص پیدا کرده است.

After years of experience, he has gained specialization in crisis management.

Present perfect showing an acquired state.

4

آیا شما در بهینه‌سازی موتورهای جستجو تخصص دارید؟

Do you specialize in Search Engine Optimization (SEO)?

Technical terminology (SEO).

5

او در تحلیل داده‌های بزرگ تخصص دارد و با شرکت‌های بزرگی کار می‌کند.

He specializes in big data analysis and works with large companies.

Compound sentence with two related clauses.

6

آن‌ها در مرمت آثار تاریخی و بناهای قدیمی تخصص دارند.

They specialize in the restoration of historical artifacts and old buildings.

Plural subject with specific professional niche.

7

اگر در این زمینه تخصص ندارید، لطفاً اظهار نظر نکنید.

If you do not specialize in this field, please do not comment.

Conditional sentence with negative present tense.

8

او در طراحی لباس‌های سنتی ایران تخصص دارد.

She specializes in designing traditional Iranian clothing.

Cultural professional context.

1

ایشان در حوزه فلسفه اخلاق و حقوق بشر تخصص عمیقی دارند.

They have a deep specialization in the field of moral philosophy and human rights.

Highly formal third person plural (honorific).

2

این شرکت در ارائه راه‌کارهای فناورانه برای بانکداری تخصص دارد.

This company specializes in providing technological solutions for banking.

Complex noun phrase as the object of specialization.

3

او در تدوین استراتژی‌های کلان اقتصادی تخصص ویژه‌ای دارد.

He has a special specialization in formulating macro-economic strategies.

Academic/Professional register.

4

آیا این آزمایشگاه در شناسایی ویروس‌های جهش‌یافته تخصص دارد؟

Does this laboratory specialize in identifying mutated viruses?

Scientific terminology usage.

5

او در زمینه روان‌کاوی با رویکرد یونگی تخصص دارد.

He specializes in psychoanalysis with a Jungian approach.

Specific academic school of thought.

6

ما در حل و فصل اختلافات بین‌المللی تخصص داریم.

We specialize in the settlement of international disputes.

Diplomatic/Legal terminology.

7

او در نقد و بررسی ادبیات داستانی معاصر تخصص دارد.

She specializes in the criticism and review of contemporary fiction.

Literary register.

8

این واحد در کنترل کیفیت فرآیندهای صنعتی تخصص دارد.

This unit specializes in the quality control of industrial processes.

Industrial/Technical usage.

1

وی در واژه‌گزینی و معادل‌یابی برای متون علمی تخصص بی‌نظیری دارد.

He has an unparalleled specialization in terminology selection and finding equivalents for scientific texts.

Use of 'وی' (formal 'he/she') and 'بی‌نظیر' (unparalleled).

2

این مرکز در پژوهش‌های میان‌رشته‌ای بین هنر و تکنولوژی تخصص دارد.

This center specializes in interdisciplinary research between art and technology.

Advanced academic concept (interdisciplinary).

3

او در تفسیر متون کهن و نسخه‌شناسی تخصص یافته است.

He has become specialized in the interpretation of ancient texts and codicology.

Using 'تخصص یافتن' (to become specialized).

4

آیا این نهاد در نظارت بر اجرای معاهدات بین‌المللی تخصص دارد؟

Does this institution specialize in monitoring the implementation of international treaties?

Governance and international law terminology.

5

او در مهندسی ژنتیک و اصلاح نباتات تخصص تراز اولی دارد.

He has a first-rate specialization in genetic engineering and plant breeding.

Using 'تراز اول' (first-rate/top-tier).

6

این کلینیک در درمان‌های نوین سرطان با استفاده از نانوذرات تخصص دارد.

This clinic specializes in modern cancer treatments using nanoparticles.

Cutting-edge scientific context.

7

او در زمینه سیاست‌گذاری عمومی در کشورهای در حال توسعه تخصص دارد.

He specializes in public policy-making in developing countries.

Social science/Political register.

8

ایشان در حوزه زیبایی‌شناسی و فلسفه هنر تخصص تام دارند.

They have total specialization in the field of aesthetics and philosophy of art.

Use of 'تخصص تام' (complete/total specialization).

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