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تمام کردن

A1 verb #600 よく出る 11分で読める

تمام کردن

tamam kardan 上位600

練習する例文メモとヒント تمام کردن 30秒で

解説 تمام کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'تمام کردن' (tamām kardan) is taught as a basic action verb. Learners focus on its most literal meaning: finishing everyday tasks. You will use it to say you finished your homework (mashgh), your food (ghazā), or a book (ketāb). The grammar is kept simple, focusing on the simple past ('tamām kardam') and the imperative ('tamām kon'). At this stage, the most important thing is to distinguish it from 'shoru' kardan' (to start). You should be able to answer questions like 'Did you finish?' with a simple 'Bale, tamām kardam.' The focus is on concrete objects and immediate actions. You will also learn the colloquial pronunciation 'tamum' early on because it is so common in daily life. Understanding that 'tamām' means 'finished' as an adjective also helps at this level, as you might see it on signs or hear it as a one-word confirmation.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'تمام کردن' in more varied tenses and slightly more complex sentences. You will learn to use the present continuous ('dāram tamām mikonam') to describe an action in progress. You also start using it with time expressions, such as 'I will finish in ten minutes' (tā dah daghighe-ye dige tamām mikonam). The distinction between 'tamām kardan' (transitive) and 'tamām shodan' (intransitive) becomes a key learning point to avoid common errors. You might also use it in the context of simple work tasks or school projects. Learners at this level should be comfortable using the verb in the negative and asking questions with it. You will also encounter the word in simple compound sentences, like 'I finished my work and then I went home.'

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At the B1 level, 'تمام کردن' moves into more abstract and social contexts. You might use it to talk about finishing a relationship, a long-term goal, or a specific phase of life. You will learn to use the present subjunctive ('mikhāham tamām konam') and the perfect tenses ('tamām kardeh-am'). At this stage, you should also be aware of more formal synonyms like 'be pāyān rasāndan' and when to use them. You will start to hear and use common idioms and collocations, such as 'kār rā tamām kardan' (to finish the job/deal). Your ability to use the verb in more complex grammatical structures, like conditional sentences ('If I finish my work, I will come'), is expected. You also begin to recognize the nuance between 'tamām kardan' and 'takmil kardan' (to complete/fill out).

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At the B2 level, you use 'تمام کردن' with greater precision and stylistic variety. You can discuss complex projects, legal agreements, or philosophical points using this verb. You are expected to handle the passive voice ('tamām kardeh shod') and more advanced literary forms. You will understand the subtle difference between 'tamām kardan' and 'khāteme dādan' (to terminate/end) in professional or formal settings. At this level, you can use the verb to express nuance, such as 'finishing with excellence' (bā shokuh tamām kardan). You are also familiar with the verb's usage in media, news, and literature. You can participate in debates or discussions where you need to 'finish' your argument or 'end' a discussion decisively. Your understanding of the colloquial vs. formal registers is well-developed.

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At the C1 level, 'تمام کردن' is used in highly sophisticated ways. You will encounter it in classical and modern Persian literature, where it might carry deep metaphorical weight. You understand its role in complex sentence structures and can use it to convey subtle emotional or rhetorical tones. You are aware of the historical etymology of the word 'tamām' and how it has evolved in the Persian verbal system. You can use the verb in academic writing, legal contracts, and high-level business negotiations without error. You also recognize rare and archaic forms of the verb and its synonyms. At this level, you can appreciate the rhythmic and poetic use of the word in Persian verse, where 'tamām' often rhymes with words like 'salām' or 'payām,' adding layers of meaning to the conclusion of a poem.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'تمام کردن' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can use the verb in any context, from the most technical scientific report to the most delicate piece of creative writing. You understand every possible nuance, idiom, and cultural reference associated with the word. You can play with the word's meaning in puns or sophisticated wordplay. You are capable of translating complex English concepts of 'finishing' or 'finalizing' into the exact Persian equivalent, choosing between 'tamām kardan,' 'be etmām rasāndan,' 'tahghigh bakhshidan,' or other advanced alternatives. You have a deep understanding of how this verb functions within the broader landscape of Persian grammar and stylistics, and you can use it to create powerful, resonant prose or speech.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

تمام کردن 30秒で

To finish or complete a task or object through deliberate action.
A compound verb consisting of 'tamām' (complete) and 'kardan' (to do).
Transitive verb, usually requiring the object marker 'rā' (را) in Persian.
Commonly used for meals, books, work, and ending relationships or disputes.

The Persian verb تمام کردن (tamām kardan) is a fundamental compound verb that every learner must master early in their journey. At its core, it translates to 'to finish' or 'to complete.' It is composed of the adjective 'tamām,' which means 'complete,' 'whole,' or 'finished,' and the auxiliary verb 'kardan,' which means 'to do' or 'to make.' When combined, they literally mean 'to make complete.' This verb is transitive, meaning it requires a direct object—the thing that you are finishing. Whether you are finishing a meal, a book, a conversation, or a professional project, this is the go-to expression in the Persian language.

Core Meaning: The act of bringing a specific task or object to its final state or conclusion through deliberate action.
Grammatical Category: Compound Verb (Transitive). It usually takes the object marker 'rā' (را) after the noun being finished.

من کتاب را تمام کردم.
(Man ketāb rā tamām kardam.) - I finished the book.

Understanding the context of tamām kardan is crucial because it implies an agent—someone is doing the finishing. This distinguishes it from its intransitive counterpart, تمام شدن (tamām shodan), which means 'to be finished' or 'to run out.' For example, if you finish your money, you use 'kardan'; if the money simply runs out, you use 'shodan.' In daily life, you will hear this word in the kitchen when someone finishes cooking, in schools when students finish exams, and in offices when projects reach their deadline. It carries a sense of accomplishment and finality.

غذایت را تمام کن!
(Ghazāyat rā tamām kon!) - Finish your food!

Usage in Relationships: It can also be used to describe ending a relationship or a friendship, often implying a decisive and final break.

او رابطه را تمام کرد.
(Ou rābete rā tamām kard.) - He/She ended the relationship.

The word 'tamām' itself is of Arabic origin, but its integration into the Persian verbal system via 'kardan' is a classic example of how Persian adopts and adapts vocabulary. It is one of the most versatile verbs in the language, appearing in formal literature, legal documents, and the most casual street slang. When you use this verb, you are signaling that a process has reached its intended or inevitable destination.

من کارم را تمام کردم و رفتم.
(Man kāram rā tamām kardam va raftam.) - I finished my work and left.

Cultural Nuance: In Persian culture, finishing what you start is highly valued, and 'tamām kardan' is often associated with reliability and thoroughness.

باید این پروژه را تا فردا تمام کنیم.
(Bāyad in proje rā tā fardā tamām konim.) - We must finish this project by tomorrow.

Using تمام کردن correctly requires understanding the conjugation of the auxiliary verb 'kardan.' The word 'tamām' remains static, while 'kardan' changes to reflect the tense, person, and number. Because it is a transitive verb, you will almost always see the object of the sentence followed by the post-positional marker 'rā' (را), unless the object is indefinite. For beginners, the most common tenses you will use are the simple past and the present continuous.

Simple Past Tense: Used for actions completed in the past. Pattern: tamām + kard + personal ending. Example: 'tamām kardam' (I finished).

او مشق‌هایش را تمام کرد.
(Ou mashgh-hāyash rā tamām kard.) - He finished his homework.

In the present tense, the stem of 'kardan' changes to 'kon.' To say 'I am finishing' or 'I finish,' you use the prefix 'mi-' followed by the stem and the ending. However, in Persian, we often use the present subjunctive with 'tamām kardan' when expressing desire, necessity, or future intent. For example, 'I want to finish' becomes 'mi-khāham tamām konam.'

Present Subjunctive: Used after verbs like 'want' or 'must.' Pattern: tamām + kon + personal ending. Example: 'tamām konam'.

می‌خواهم این فیلم را تمام کنم.
(Mikhāham in film rā tamām konam.) - I want to finish this movie.

Another important aspect is the placement of the word 'tamām.' In compound verbs, the non-verbal part (tamām) usually stays right before the verbal part (kardan). However, in very poetic or archaic Persian, you might see words intervening, though this is rare in modern speech. If you want to emphasize that you finished *everything*, you might say 'hame rā tamām kardam' (I finished everything).

Negative Form: To make it negative, add the prefix 'na-' to the verbal part. Example: 'tamām nakardam' (I didn't finish).

چرا چایت را تمام نکردی؟
(Cherā chāyat rā tamām nakardi?) - Why didn't you finish your tea?

For advanced learners, 'tamām kardan' can be used in the passive voice: 'tamām kardeh shodan' (to have been finished), though 'tamām shodan' is much more common for this purpose. You should also be aware of the future tense: 'tamām khāham kard' (I will finish), which is used in formal writing. In speaking, we just use the present tense to indicate the future.

ما تا شب کار را تمام می‌کنیم.
(Mā tā shab kār rā tamām mikonim.) - We will finish the work by tonight.

The verb تمام کردن is ubiquitous in Iranian society. You will hear it from the moment you wake up until you go to bed. In a domestic setting, parents often use it with children regarding their meals or homework. If you are a guest in an Iranian home, you might hear the host say, 'Ghazāto tamum kon!' (Finish your food!), though usually, they are encouraging you to eat more! It is a word that marks the transitions between different parts of the day.

In the Workplace: Managers and colleagues use it constantly to discuss deadlines. 'Kay tamum mikoni?' (When will you finish?) is a standard question in any Persian-speaking office.

گزارش را تمام کردی؟
(Gozāresh rā tamām kardi?) - Did you finish the report?

In the world of media and entertainment, you will hear it in news broadcasts when a summit or a sports event is concluded. Sports commentators often use it when a player 'finishes' a play or scores a decisive goal. In movies and TV dramas, characters use 'tamām kardan' to end arguments or break off relationships. It is a word of power and finality in these contexts.

داور بازی را تمام کرد.
(Dāvar bāzi rā tamām kard.) - The referee finished (ended) the game.

On social media, you'll see 'tamām kardan' used in captions when someone finishes a fitness challenge, a book list, or a travel journey. It is often accompanied by emojis of celebration. In academic settings, professors use it to signal the end of a lecture: 'Dars rā tamām mikonim' (We finish the lesson). It is also used in religious contexts, such as 'tamām kardan-e khatm-e Quran' (completing the reading of the entire Quran).

In Legal and Formal Contexts: It is used to describe the completion of a contract or the finalization of a legal process.

آن‌ها معامله را تمام کردند.
(Ānhā mo'āmele rā tamām kardand.) - They finalized (finished) the deal.

Finally, in the streets of Iran, you might hear the phrase 'Kāro tamum kon!' (Finish the job!). This can be literal, like a construction worker telling another to finish a wall, or metaphorical, meaning 'just get it over with' or even 'finish him' in a fight context. Its versatility across these different social strata makes it one of the most useful verbs in your Persian vocabulary.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make with تمام کردن is confusing it with تمام شدن (tamām shodan). In English, the word 'finish' can be both transitive ('I finished the book') and intransitive ('The book finished'). In Persian, these are two different verbs. If you say 'Ketāb tamām kard,' it sounds like the book itself performed the action of finishing something else, which makes no sense. You must use 'kardan' when there is an actor finishing something, and 'shodan' when something is simply coming to an end.

Mistake: Using 'Kardan' for 'Running Out': Incorrect: 'Poolam rā tamām kardam' (unless you deliberately spent every cent). Correct for 'I ran out of money': 'Poolam tamām shod.'

❌ نان را تمام شد.
Incorrect: The bread finished (intransitive) + object marker.
✅ نان را تمام کردم.
Correct: I finished the bread.

Another common error is forgetting the object marker 'rā' (را). Since 'tamām kardan' is transitive, the specific thing you are finishing usually needs 'rā.' If you say 'Man ketāb tamām kardam,' it sounds like 'I finished book' (general), whereas 'Man ketāb rā tamām kardam' means 'I finished THE book.' Beginners often omit this, leading to sentences that sound slightly 'broken' to native ears.

Misconjugating the auxiliary verb 'kardan' is also a pitfall. Remember that in the present tense, the stem is 'kon,' not 'kar.' So, 'I finish' is 'tamām mikonam,' not 'tamām mikaram.' Also, be careful with the word order. The 'tamām' must stay close to the 'kardan.' Do not place the object between 'tamām' and 'kardan.' It is 'Ketāb rā tamām kardam,' not 'Tamām ketāb rā kardam.'

Mistake: Overusing 'Tamām Kardan': Sometimes learners use it for 'stopping' an action. For 'Stop talking,' don't use 'tamām kardan'; use 'tamām kon' as a command, or better yet, 'harf nazan' (don't talk).

❌ من دارم تمام می‌کنم ناهار را.
Incorrect: Verb at the end!
✅ من دارم ناهار را تمام می‌کنم.
Correct: I am finishing lunch.

Finally, watch out for the pronunciation. In formal Persian, it is 'tamām,' but in informal speech, it is 'tamum.' If you mix a very formal 'tamām' with a very slangy 'kardan' conjugation, it might sound inconsistent. Try to match your register to the situation.

While تمام کردن is the most common way to say 'to finish,' Persian offers several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific context. Understanding these nuances will make your Persian sound more natural and sophisticated. For instance, in formal writing, you will often encounter 'به پایان رساندن' (be pāyān rasāndan), which literally means 'to bring to an end.'

تکمیل کردن (Takmil Kardan): This means 'to complete' or 'to supplement.' It is often used for forms, projects, or sets. If you are 'completing' a collection, use this.
خاتمه دادن (Khāteme Dādan): This means 'to terminate' or 'to put an end to.' It is more formal and often used for ending disputes, wars, or long-standing issues.

لطفاً این فرم را تکمیل کنید.
(Lotfan in form rā takmil konid.) - Please complete (fill out) this form.

Another useful alternative is 'به اتمام رساندن' (be etmām rasāndan), which is the formal version of 'tamām kardan.' You will see this in news reports and academic papers. If you want to say you 'finished off' a task with great effort, you might use 'به سرانجام رساندن' (be saranjām rasāndan), which implies bringing something to its final destiny or result.

آن‌ها به جنگ خاتمه دادند.
(Ānhā be jang khāteme dādand.) - They put an end to the war.

Comparison: Tamām Kardan vs. Anjām Dādan: 'Anjām dādan' means 'to perform' or 'to do.' While 'tamām kardan' focuses on the end, 'anjām dādan' focuses on the execution of the task itself.

In very casual speech, you might hear 'کالک کردن' (kālak kardan) in some dialects or specific contexts to mean finishing something quickly, but this is rare. Stick to 'tamām kardan' for 90% of your needs. If you are talking about finishing a race, 'به خط پایان رسیدن' (reaching the finish line) is more descriptive. For finishing a book or a movie, 'tamām kardan' is the standard.

او پروژه را با موفقیت به پایان رساند.
(Ou proje rā bā movaffaghiyat be pāyān rasānd.) - He brought the project to an end successfully.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'tamām' is used in many languages across the Middle East and Balkans, including Turkish, where it also means 'okay' or 'agreed.'

発音ガイド

UK /tæˈmɑːm kæɾˈdæn/

US /təˈmɑm kərˈdæn/

The stress is on the last syllable of 'tamām' and the last syllable of 'kardan' when conjugated.

韻が合う語

Salām (سلام) Payām (پیام) Harām (حرام) Dām (دام) Bām (بام) Kām (کام) Gām (گام) Shām (شام)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'tamām' as 'tāmām' (long first vowel).
Failing to roll the 'r' in 'kardan'.
Pronouncing 'kardan' like the English word 'garden'.
Using 'tamām' without the 'kardan' when a verb is needed.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.

難易度

読解 1/5

The word is easy to recognize in text as it is very common.

ライティング 2/5

Requires knowledge of 'kardan' conjugation and 'rā' usage.

スピーキング 2/5

Easy to say, but remember the 'ā' to 'u' shift in casual speech.

リスニング 2/5

Must distinguish between 'kardan' and 'shodan' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

کردن (Kardan) کتاب (Ketāb) غذا (Ghazā) مشق (Mashgh) را (Rā)

次に学ぶ

تمام شدن (Tamām shodan) شروع کردن (Shoru' kardan) تکمیل کردن (Takmil kardan) پایان (Pāyān) خاتمه (Khāteme)

上級

به اتمام رساندن (Be etmām rasāndan) به سرانجام رساندن (Be saranjām rasāndan) مختومه کردن (Makhtume kardan) انقضا (Enghezā) تکامل (Takāmol)

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verbs

تمام (Noun/Adj) + کردن (Auxiliary Verb) = To finish.

Object Marker 'rā'

من کتاب را تمام کردم. (The 'rā' marks 'ketāb' as the object).

Present Subjunctive

باید تمام کنم. (Use 'kon' stem after 'bāyad').

Vowel Shift in Slang

Tamām becomes Tamum in casual speech.

Transitive vs Intransitive

Kardan (transitive) vs Shodan (intransitive).

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レベル別の例文

من مشقم را تمام کردم.

I finished my homework.

Simple past tense: tamām + kard + am.

غذایت را تمام کن!

Finish your food!

Imperative: tamām + kon.

او کتاب را تمام کرد.

He finished the book.

Simple past 3rd person singular: tamām + kard.

آیا چایت را تمام کردی؟

Did you finish your tea?

Question in simple past.

ما بازی را تمام کردیم.

We finished the game.

Simple past 1st person plural.

آن‌ها فیلم را تمام کردند.

They finished the movie.

Simple past 3rd person plural.

من نامه را تمام نکردم.

I didn't finish the letter.

Negative simple past: na + kardam.

لطفاً کار را تمام کن.

Please finish the work.

Polite imperative.

دارم ناهارم را تمام می‌کنم.

I am finishing my lunch.

Present continuous: dāram + mi + kon + am.

او می‌خواهد درسش را تمام کند.

He wants to finish his lesson.

Present subjunctive after 'wants'.

باید این پروژه را تمام کنیم.

We must finish this project.

Present subjunctive after 'must'.

کی این کتاب را تمام می‌کنی؟

When will you finish this book?

Present tense used for future intent.

من دیروز همه کارها را تمام کردم.

I finished all the tasks yesterday.

Use of 'hame' (all) as part of the object.

او هنوز قهوه‌اش را تمام نکرده است.

He hasn't finished his coffee yet.

Present perfect negative.

می‌توانید این کار را تا فردا تمام کنید؟

Can you finish this work by tomorrow?

Modal verb 'can' + subjunctive.

من معمولاً کارم را ساعت پنج تمام می‌کنم.

I usually finish my work at five o'clock.

Present simple for habitual action.

او بالاخره رمانش را تمام کرده است.

He has finally finished his novel.

Present perfect tense.

قبل از اینکه بروی، کارت را تمام کن.

Finish your work before you go.

Imperative in a complex sentence.

آن‌ها رابطه خود را تمام کردند.

They ended their relationship.

Metaphorical use of finish.

اگر تلاشم را بکنم، می‌توانم آن را تمام کنم.

If I try, I can finish it.

Conditional sentence type 1.

او تمام وقتش را صرف تمام کردن این نقاشی کرد.

He spent all his time finishing this painting.

Gerund-like use of 'tamām kardan'.

ما باید به این بحث تمام کنیم.

We must end this discussion.

Using 'tamām kardan' for abstract concepts.

او قول داد که تا شب کار را تمام کند.

He promised to finish the work by tonight.

Reported speech with subjunctive.

من ترجیح می‌دهم اول این را تمام کنم.

I prefer to finish this first.

Subjunctive after 'prefer'.

دولت باید به این بحران تمام کند.

The government must end this crisis.

Formal/Political context.

او با یک سخنرانی عالی مراسم را تمام کرد.

He finished the ceremony with an excellent speech.

Descriptive usage.

نویسنده داستان را با یک غافلگیری تمام کرد.

The author finished the story with a surprise.

Literary context.

آن‌ها پس از سال‌ها دعوا، اختلافات را تمام کردند.

After years of fighting, they ended the disputes.

Abstract completion.

گزارش نهایی باید تا پایان هفته تمام شود.

The final report must be finished by the end of the week.

Passive-like usage with 'shodan'.

او توانست با مهارت تمام کار را تمام کند.

He was able to finish the job with total skill.

Adverbial phrase 'bā mahārat-e tamām'.

ما قصد داریم این معامله را امروز تمام کنیم.

We intend to finalize this deal today.

Intentionality with 'ghasd dāshtan'.

او با صبر و حوصله تحصیلاتش را تمام کرد.

He finished his studies with patience.

Long-term process completion.

فیلسوف بحث خود را با یک پرسش عمیق تمام کرد.

The philosopher finished his argument with a profound question.

Academic/Intellectual context.

او با این حرکت، به تمام شایعات تمام کرد.

With this move, he put an end to all rumors.

Idiomatic usage for ending rumors.

شاعر غزل خود را با نام معشوق تمام کرد.

The poet finished his ghazal with the name of the beloved.

Literary/Poetic context.

آن‌ها با امضای این قرارداد، به سال‌ها انتظار تمام کردند.

By signing this contract, they ended years of waiting.

Rhetorical usage.

او با فداکاری تمام، ماموریتش را تمام کرد.

With total sacrifice, he finished his mission.

High-register emotional usage.

باید به این بی‌عدالتی‌ها یک بار برای همیشه تمام کرد.

These injustices must be ended once and for all.

Social/Political advocacy.

او با ظرافت تمام، قطعه موسیقی را تمام کرد.

With total elegance, he finished the musical piece.

Artistic context.

ما باید این مرحله از تاریخ را با افتخار تمام کنیم.

We must finish this stage of history with honor.

Grand historical context.

او با استادی تمام، گره‌های کور پرونده را تمام کرد.

With total mastery, he resolved (finished) the deadlocks of the case.

Metaphorical/Professional mastery.

نویسنده با این پایان‌بندی، به تمام تردیدها تمام کرد.

The author, with this ending, put an end to all doubts.

Literary criticism context.

او با یک حرکت استراتژیک، بازی سیاسی را تمام کرد.

With a strategic move, he ended the political game.

Political strategy context.

باید به این دور باطل فقر و نادانی تمام کرد.

This vicious cycle of poverty and ignorance must be ended.

Sociological/Philosophical context.

او با کلامی نافذ، به غائله تمام کرد.

With piercing words, he ended the commotion/riot.

High-level vocabulary (ghā'ele).

ما باید این میراث را با شکوه هر چه تمام‌تر تمام کنیم.

We must complete this legacy with as much glory as possible.

Superlative construction.

او با مرگ خود، به یک دوران طلایی تمام کرد.

With his death, he brought an end to a golden era.

Historical/Narrative context.

او با دقتی وسواس‌گونه، ویرایش نهایی را تمام کرد.

With obsessive precision, he finished the final edit.

Nuanced adverbial usage.

よく使う組み合わせ

مشق را تمام کردن

غذا را تمام کردن

کتاب را تمام کردن

کار را تمام کردن

رابطه را تمام کردن

پروژه را تمام کردن

بحث را تمام کردن

دوره را تمام کردن

بازی را تمام کردن

سخنرانی را تمام کردن

よく使うフレーズ

کار را تمام کردن

— To finish the job or to finalize a deal.

او با یک گل، کار را تمام کرد.

یک‌سره کردن کار

— To finish something off once and for all.

بیا این کار را یک‌سره کنیم.

تمام و کمال

— Completely and perfectly.

او کار را تمام و کمال انجام داد.

حرف را تمام کردن

— To have the last word or end the conversation.

او با این جمله حرف را تمام کرد.

تمام کردن با...

— To finish with something specific.

او کتاب را با یک شعر تمام کرد.

تا آخر تمام کردن

— To finish until the very end.

باید این مسیر را تا آخر تمام کنیم.

زود تمام کردن

— To finish early or quickly.

امروز کارم را زود تمام کردم.

به سختی تمام کردن

— To finish with great difficulty.

او مسابقه را به سختی تمام کرد.

نیمه‌کاره تمام کردن

— To finish something halfway (leave it incomplete).

او درس را نیمه‌کاره تمام کرد.

با موفقیت تمام کردن

— To finish successfully.

او دوره را با موفقیت تمام کرد.

よく混同される語

تمام کردن vs تمام شدن

This is intransitive (it finished). Use 'kardan' for 'I finished it'.

تمام کردن vs تکمیل کردن

This means 'to complete' or 'to fill out' (like a form).

تمام کردن vs کامل کردن

This means 'to make perfect' or 'to complete a set'.

慣用句と表現

"کار را تمام کردن"

— To seal the deal or to deliver the final blow.

او با این قرارداد، کار را تمام کرد.

Neutral

"فاتحه چیزی را خواندن"

— To finish something off (usually in a negative sense, like ruining it).

با این اشتباه، فاتحه پروژه را خواندی.

Informal

"کلک چیزی را کندن"

— To get something over with or finish it quickly.

بیا کلک این کار را بکنیم.

Slang

"به سیم آخر زدن"

— To finish with caution and just go for it (often at the end of a process).

او به سیم آخر زد و کار را تمام کرد.

Informal

"نقطه پایان گذاشتن"

— To put an end to something permanently.

او به این بحث‌ها نقطه پایان گذاشت.

Formal

"بار خود را بستن"

— To finish one's work and be set for life (often financially).

او با این معامله بار خود را بست.

Informal

"از سر وا کردن"

— To finish something carelessly just to be rid of it.

او کار را از سر وا کرد.

Informal

"به ته دیگ خوردن"

— To finish everything (literally reaching the bottom of the pot).

پولمان به ته دیگ خورد.

Informal

"حجت را تمام کردن"

— To give a final, conclusive argument or warning.

من با تو حجت را تمام کردم.

Formal/Religious

"تمام کردن در اوج"

— To finish while at the peak of success.

او فوتبال را در اوج تمام کرد.

Neutral

間違えやすい

تمام کردن vs تمام شدن

Both translate to 'finish' in English.

Tamām kardan is transitive (requires an actor and an object). Tamām shodan is intransitive (the subject itself ends).

من کتاب را تمام کردم (I finished the book) vs. کتاب تمام شد (The book finished).

تمام کردن vs تکمیل کردن

Both mean 'to complete'.

Takmil kardan is more technical or formal, often used for forms or multifaceted projects.

فرم را تکمیل کنید (Complete the form).

تمام کردن vs خاتمه دادن

Both mean 'to end'.

Khāteme dādan is much more formal and usually refers to ending a conflict or a long-standing state.

به جنگ خاتمه دادند (They ended the war).

تمام کردن vs انجام دادن

Both imply doing a task.

Anjām dādan focuses on the act of doing, while tamām kardan focuses on reaching the end.

کارم را انجام دادم (I did my work).

تمام کردن vs بستن

Both can mean ending something.

Bastan literally means 'to close'. It is used idiomatically for deals or files.

پرونده را بستیم (We closed/finished the case).

文型パターン

[Subject] [Object] rā tamām kard.

من ناهار را تمام کردم.

[Object] rā tamām kon!

مشقت را تمام کن!

Dāram [Object] rā tamām mikonam.

دارم کتاب را تمام می‌کنم.

Bāyad [Object] rā tamām konam.

باید کار را تمام کنم.

[Subject] [Object] rā tamām kardeh ast.

او پروژه را تمام کرده است.

Agar [Subject] [Object] rā tamām konad...

اگر او کار را تمام کند...

[Subject] bā [Adverb] [Object] rā tamām kard.

او با موفقیت دوره را تمام کرد.

[Subject] be [Noun] tamām kard.

او به تمام شایعات تمام کرد.

語族

名詞

اتمام (Etmām) - Completion

پایان (Pāyān) - End

تکمیل (Takmil) - Completion

動詞

تمام شدن (Tamām shodan) - To be finished

تکمیل کردن (Takmil kardan) - To complete

خاتمه دادن (Khāteme dādan) - To terminate

形容詞

تمام (Tamām) - Complete/Finished

تمامی (Tamāmi) - Total/Whole

ناتمام (Nā-tamām) - Unfinished

使い方

frequency

Extremely high; one of the top 100 verbs in Persian.

よくある間違い

Using 'tamām kard' for 'it finished'. → تمام شد (Tamām shod).
If the subject is an inanimate object like a movie or a class, use 'shodan'. 'Kardan' requires a person/agent.
Saying 'Man tamām shodam' to mean 'I finished my work'. → من تمام کردم (Man tamām kardam).
'Tamām shodam' means 'I am finished' (as in dead or exhausted). To say you completed a task, use 'kardan'.
Omitting 'rā' with a specific object. → من کتاب را تمام کردم.
Because it is a transitive verb, specific objects must be followed by 'rā'.
Using 'tamām kardan' for 'stopping' a car. → نگه داشتن (Negah dāshtan).
'Tamām kardan' is for completing tasks, not for stopping physical motion.
Misplacing 'tamām' in the sentence. → من کار را تمام کردم.
In Persian, the compound verb usually comes at the very end of the sentence.

ヒント

Watch the Auxiliary

Remember that 'kardan' is the part that changes. 'Tamām' always stays the same. Practice conjugating 'kardan' in all tenses to use this verb fluently.

The 'U' Sound

To sound like a local in Tehran, say 'tamum' instead of 'tamām'. It’s a small change that makes a big difference in your accent.

Don't use for 'Stop'

If you want someone to stop an action like shouting, don't say 'tamām kon'. Say 'bas kon' or 'tamāmesh kon' (stop it).

Learn the Antonym

Always learn 'shoru' kardan' (to start) alongside 'tamām kardan'. They are the two bookends of any activity.

Food Etiquette

Finishing your food in an Iranian home is a compliment. Use 'Tamām kardam' to proudly show your host you enjoyed the meal.

Formal Alternatives

In essays, try using 'به پایان رساندن' to sound more academic and sophisticated than the basic 'تمام کردن'.

Listen for 'Rā'

The presence of 'rā' usually signals that 'tamām kardan' is coming. It helps you anticipate the structure of the sentence.

The 'Done' Exclamation

Just say 'Tamām!' when you finish a small task. Using it as an exclamation helps cement the meaning in your mind.

Seal the Deal

Remember 'Kār-o tamum kard' can mean scoring a goal in soccer. It’s a great phrase to use when watching sports with Iranians.

Kardan vs Shodan

This is the #1 mistake. Always ask: 'Am I doing the finishing, or is it just ending?' If you are doing it, use 'kardan'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Tamām' as 'The Mom'. When 'The Mom' is done with the housework, everything is 'Tamām' (finished).

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant red 'FINISH' line at the end of a race. The runner crossing it is 'tamām kardan' the race.

Word Web

Finish Complete End Done Homework Meal Project Relationship

チャレンジ

Try to use 'tamām kardam' three times today: once for a meal, once for a task, and once for a book or show.

語源

The word 'tamām' is borrowed from Arabic (تَمَام), meaning completeness or perfection. It entered Persian and was combined with the native Persian auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do/make).

元の意味： In Arabic, the root T-M-M relates to something being full, complete, or reaching its end.

Semitic (root) + Indo-European (auxiliary).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'tamām kardan' with people, as it can sometimes imply 'finishing someone off' in a violent or aggressive context.

English speakers often use 'finish' for both people and things. In Persian, you must distinguish between the person finishing (kardan) and the thing ending (shodan).

The phrase 'Tamām shod' is often used at the end of Persian fairy tales, similar to 'The End'. In the movie 'A Separation', characters use this verb to discuss the finality of their legal and personal disputes. Classical poets like Rumi use 'tamām' to describe the perfection of the soul or the completion of a spiritual journey.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At School

مشقم را تمام کردم.
امتحان را تمام کردی؟
درس تمام شد.
کتاب را تمام کن.

At the Dinner Table

غذایت را تمام کن.
بشقابم را تمام کردم.
چای را تمام کردی؟
همه چیز را تمام کردیم.

At Work

پروژه را تمام کردیم.
گزارش را تمام کن.
کی کار را تمام می‌کنی؟
جلسه را تمام کردیم.

Reading/Movies

فیلم را تمام کردم.
کتاب خیلی زود تمام شد.
داستان را تمام کن.
فصل اول را تمام کردم.

Relationships

همه چیز را تمام کردیم.
او رابطه را تمام کرد.
بیا این بحث را تمام کنیم.
دوستی‌مان تمام شد.

会話のきっかけ

"آیا کتابی را که می‌خواندی تمام کردی؟ (Did you finish the book you were reading?)"

"چقدر زمان لازم داری تا کارت را تمام کنی؟ (How much time do you need to finish your work?)"

"دوست داری این فیلم را امشب تمام کنیم؟ (Would you like to finish this movie tonight?)"

"چرا غذایت را تمام نکردی؟ خوشمزه نبود؟ (Why didn't you finish your food? Was it not delicious?)"

"آخرین پروژه‌ای که تمام کردی چه بود؟ (What was the last project you finished?)"

日記のテーマ

امروز چه کارهایی را تمام کردی؟ بنویس. (Write about what tasks you finished today.)

یک خاطره درباره تمام کردن یک کار سخت بنویس. (Write a memory about finishing a difficult task.)

آیا ترجیح می‌دهی کارها را زود تمام کنی یا در لحظه آخر؟ (Do you prefer to finish tasks early or at the last minute?)

درباره کتابی که اخیراً تمام کرده‌ای توضیح بده. (Explain about a book you recently finished.)

چرا تمام کردن کارها برای تو مهم است؟ (Why is finishing tasks important to you?)

よくある質問

10 問

'Tamām kardan' is transitive, meaning someone finishes something (e.g., I finished the book). 'Tamām shodan' is intransitive, meaning something ends on its own or runs out (e.g., The movie finished, or the milk ran out).

If you mean you finished a task, say 'Tamām kardam.' If you mean you are exhausted or 'done for,' you can colloquially say 'Tamām shodam' (I am finished).

While you can say you 'finished university' (dāneshgāh rā tamām kardam), the specific and more formal term for graduating is 'fāregh-ot-tahsil shodan'.

Yes, 'tamum' is the colloquial/informal pronunciation of 'tamām.' You will hear 'tamum' in almost all spoken conversations.

If the object you are finishing is specific (e.g., *the* book), you need 'rā'. If it's general (e.g., I finished work), you might omit it, but 'rā' is very common with this verb.

You say 'Tamāmesh kon!' (singular/informal) or 'Tamāmesh konid!' (plural/formal).

Yes, 'râbete râ tamâm kardan' is a common way to say someone ended a relationship.

The past stem is 'tamām kard' and the present stem is 'tamām kon'.

In formal Persian: 'Tamām khāham kard.' In spoken Persian: 'Tamām mikonam' (using the present tense for the future).

The word 'tamām' is Arabic, but 'kardan' is Persian. This is a very common type of compound verb in Persian.

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