A2 · 初中級 チャプター 7

Everyday Expressions and Opinions

4 トータルルール
40 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Sound like a local by mastering everyday idioms and expressing your unique point of view.

  • Use 'avoir' to describe physical sensations like hunger and fear.
  • Talk about the weather and your favorite activities using 'faire'.
  • Construct clear sentences to share your thoughts and beliefs with others.
Speak your mind and live the French way!

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! You’ve already nailed the basics of French, haven’t you? Awesome! Now, let’s take your conversational skills up a notch with 'Everyday Expressions and Opinions.' This chapter is all about making your French sound more natural and confident. You’ll dive into some super useful idiomatic expressions that native speakers use all the time. First, we’ll tackle how to express basic needs and feelings with 'avoir' (to have). Forget I am hungry – in French, you have hunger (avoir faim)! We’ll master saying you’re hungry, thirsty, or even scared, just like a true Francophone. Next up, you’ll learn the versatile 'faire' (to do/make). Ever wanted to describe the weather, like saying 'it’s beautiful' (il fait beau) or 'it’s cold' (il fait froid)? Or perhaps chat about your hobbies, like 'doing sports' (faire du sport) or 'swimming' (faire de la natation)? 'Faire' is your go-to verb for all that! Don't worry, we'll also have a solid review of the French present tense (Le Présent). It’s the backbone of everything we're learning here, handling current actions, habits, and even near-future plans. This ensures all your new expressions are used flawlessly. And finally, the exciting part: expressing your own thoughts! You’ll learn how to confidently share your opinions using penser que (to think that), croire que (to believe that), and trouver que (to find/think that), always followed by que and a full sentence. This means you won’t just be listening; you’ll be an active participant in any conversation! By the end of this chapter, you won't just know French words; you'll be able to naturally describe your daily life, chat about the weather and your hobbies, and most importantly, voice your own opinions. Ready for real French conversations? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe physical needs and feelings using 'avoir' expressions.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: discuss weather conditions and leisure activities using 'faire'.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: conjugate regular and common irregular verbs in the present tense accurately.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to: introduce personal opinions using 'que' clauses.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, language explorers, to your next exciting step in mastering French grammar A2! You've already built a fantastic foundation, and now it’s time to unlock the secrets to sounding more like a native speaker. This chapter,
Everyday Expressions and Opinions,
is your gateway to engaging in more natural and confident conversations.
We’re moving beyond basic sentences and diving into the idiomatic heart of the language, equipping you with essential tools for daily interactions.
At the CEFR A2 level, the goal is to communicate simply and directly about routine tasks and common topics. This guide will help you do just that, focusing on practical phrases that pop up constantly in French daily life. By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand words; you'll understand *how* French speakers express themselves, making your journey towards fluency much smoother and more enjoyable.
Get ready to enhance your everyday French expressions and learn how to confidently voice your opinions in French!
We'll cover core verbs like avoir (to have) and faire (to do/make) in their most common idiomatic uses, review the all-important French present tense, and empower you to share your thoughts using verbs like penser, croire, and trouver. This isn't just about memorizing phrases; it's about understanding the logic behind them and integrating them seamlessly into your speech. Let's make your French truly shine!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter focuses on essential building blocks for natural French conversation, starting with idiomatic expressions and then moving to opinion-sharing. First, we tackle expressions using the verb avoir (to have). Unlike English, where we are hungry or thirsty, French speakers have these states.
For example, instead of saying I am hungry, you'll say J'ai faim (I have hunger / I am hungry). Similarly, Tu as soif ? (Do you have thirst? / Are you thirsty?) and Il a peur des araignées. (He has fear of spiders.
/ He is afraid of spiders.) are common. Remember to conjugate avoir correctly in the present tense: j'ai, tu as, il/elle/on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils/elles ont.
Next, we explore the incredibly versatile verb faire (to do/make). This verb is a workhorse in French, especially for describing weather and hobbies. For weather, you'll often hear Il fait beau. (It makes beautiful.
/ The weather is nice.) or Il fait froid. (It makes cold. / It's cold.). For hobbies and activities, faire is your go-to: Je fais du sport. (I do sport.
/ I play sports.), Nous faisons de la natation. (We do swimming. / We swim.), or Elle fait du vélo. (She does bike. / She cycles.).
Pay attention to the use of du/de la/de l' after faire for activities.
A solid understanding of the French present tense (Le Présent) is crucial for all these expressions. It's used for actions happening now, habitual actions, and even near-future plans. For example, Je parle français. (I speak French.), Nous mangeons tous les jours. (We eat every day.), and Ils partent demain. (They leave tomorrow.).
This tense underpins your ability to use avoir and faire expressions fluidly.
Finally, to express your thoughts, you'll master verbs like penser (to think), croire (to believe), and trouver (to find/think). These are always followed by que (that) and a complete sentence. For instance, Je pense que c'est une bonne idée. (I think that it's a good idea.).
Tu crois qu'il va pleuvoir ? (Do you believe that it's going to rain?). And Nous trouvons que ce film est excellent. (We find that this movie is excellent.). These phrases allow you to actively participate and share your viewpoint in any conversation.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: Je suis faim.
✓ Correct: "J'ai faim." (I am hungry.)
*Explanation:* In French, you don't be hungry or thirsty; you have hunger (avoir faim) or thirst (avoir soif). Always use the verb avoir for these states.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: "Il est froid aujourd'hui."
✓ Correct: "Il fait froid aujourd'hui." (It's cold today.)
*Explanation:* When describing the weather, French typically uses the impersonal expression il fait (it makes) with adjectives like froid (cold), chaud (hot), beau (beautiful), etc.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Je pense il est intelligent.
✓ Correct: "Je pense qu'il est intelligent." (I think that he is intelligent.)
*Explanation:* Verbs of opinion like penser, croire, and trouver must always be followed by que (that) before introducing a new clause or opinion.

Real Conversations

A

A

Bonjour ! Tu as faim ? On va déjeuner ? (Hello! Are you hungry? Shall we have lunch?)
B

B

Oui, j'ai faim et j'ai aussi un peu soif. Il fait chaud aujourd'hui ! (Yes, I'm hungry and I'm also a little thirsty. It's hot today!)
A

A

Qu'est-ce que tu fais ce week-end ? Tu fais du sport ? (What are you doing this weekend? Are you playing sports?)
B

B

Non, je ne fais pas de sport. Je pense que je vais lire un livre et me reposer. (No, I'm not playing sports. I think that I'm going to read a book and rest.)
A

A

Tu crois que ce restaurant est bon ? (Do you believe that this restaurant is good?)
B

B

Oui, je trouve que la cuisine est excellente ici. Et le service est super aussi ! (Yes, I find that the food is excellent here. And the service is great too!)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between penser que and trouver que?

Penser que means to think that and expresses a general opinion or belief. Trouver que means to find that and implies an opinion based on personal experience or perception.

Q

Why do French speakers say "J'ai faim instead of Je suis faim"?

French uses avoir (to have) for many physical or emotional states that English uses to be for. It's an idiomatic difference you simply need to learn!

Q

Can I use faire for all weather descriptions?

Faire is used for general weather conditions (e.g., il fait beau, il fait froid). For precipitation, other verbs like il pleut (it's raining) or il neige (it's snowing) are used.

Q

Is que always required after penser, croire, and trouver when expressing an opinion?

Yes, when these verbs introduce a full clause expressing an opinion, que is essential to link the main verb to the subordinate clause.

Cultural Context

These everyday expressions are woven into the fabric of daily French conversation. Using avoir faim/soif or il fait beau/froid will instantly make you sound more natural and less like you're translating directly from English. Expressing opinions with penser que, croire que, and trouver que is fundamental to engaging in discussions.
French speakers value clear and well-articulated viewpoints, so mastering these phrases allows you to participate more fully and authentically in social interactions.

重要な例文 (6)

1

J'ai trop faim, on commande une pizza ?

お腹が空きすぎた！ピザを注文しない？

Avoirを使った表現：空腹、喉の渇き、恐怖 (Avoir faim, soif, peur)
2

Tu as soif ? Je peux t'apporter un verre d'eau.

喉が渇いた？水を持ってこようか？

Avoirを使った表現：空腹、喉の渇き、恐怖 (Avoir faim, soif, peur)
3

Il fait très chaud aujourd'hui, je vais à la plage.

今日はとても暑いので、ビーチに行きます。

Faireを使ったフランス語表現：天気と趣味
4

Je fais du vélo tous les matins avant le travail.

毎朝、仕事の前にサイクリングをします。

Faireを使ったフランス語表現：天気と趣味
5

Je regarde un film sur Netflix.

Netflixで映画を見ています。

フランス語の現在形：動詞のマスター (Le Présent)
6

Tu finis ton travail à quelle heure ?

仕事は何時に終わるの？

フランス語の現在形：動詞のマスター (Le Présent)

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

「Être」の間違いに注意！

友達に「お腹空いた？」と聞かれて「私、空腹だよ」と答えたい時、「Je suis faim」と言うと、まるであなたの名前が「空腹」のようです！いつも avoir を使いましょう。「J'ai faim.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Avoirを使った表現：空腹、喉の渇き、恐怖 (Avoir faim, soif, peur)
⚠️

「Faites」の落とし穴

「vous faisez」とは言わないでくださいね。ほとんどの-re動詞が-ezで終わるのに、「faire」は不規則動詞です。「vous faites」が正解ですよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Faireを使ったフランス語表現：天気と趣味
⚠️

「ENT」は沈黙のルール

複数形の parlent や mangent の最後にある -ent は絶対に発音しません。目には見えても、耳には聞こえないルールです。:
Elles mangent au restaurant.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の現在形：動詞のマスター (Le Présent)
⚠️

「que」は絶対に省略しない！

英語では「I think he is...」のように接続詞を抜くことがあるけど、フランス語では "Je pense QU'il vient« のように必ず »que" が必要だよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 意見を述べる (Penser, Croire, Trouver)

重要な語彙 (7)

la faim hunger la peur fear le temps weather / time penser to think croire to believe trouver to find / to think chaud hot

Real-World Preview

tree-pine

A Day at the Park

Review Summary

  • Sujet + Avoir (conjugated) + [faim/soif/peur/chaud/froid]
  • Il fait + [weather] / Sujet + Faire + [activity]
  • Verbe d'opinion + que + [Full Sentence]

よくある間違い

In French, hunger is something you 'have', not something you 'are'. Using 'être' is a literal translation from English that sounds wrong in French.

Wrong: Je suis faim.
正解: J'ai faim.

You cannot omit 'que' (that) in French like you can in English. It is the essential bridge between the verb and the opinion.

Wrong: Je pense c'est bon.
正解: Je pense que c'est bon.

When talking about the weather, always use 'il fait'. 'Il est chaud' would refer to an object or a person being physically hot to the touch.

Wrong: Il est chaud.
正解: Il fait chaud.

Next Steps

You're doing fantastic! Mastering these everyday expressions is a huge step toward fluency. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be debating your favorite topics in French!

Write 3 sentences about the weather today and how it makes you feel.

Listen to a French weather forecast on YouTube and identify 'il fait' expressions.

Continue to: Talking About Completed Actions

クイック練習 (10)

文法的に正しい文章はどれかな？

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je pense qu'il est tard.
'que' のあとに 'il' のような母音がくる場合は 'qu'' に省略します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 意見を述べる (Penser, Croire, Trouver)

`avoir` の正しい形で空欄を埋めましょう。

Nous ____ soif après la randonnée.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: avons
主語は nous なので、avoir の正しい活用は avons です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Avoirを使った表現：空腹、喉の渇き、恐怖 (Avoir faim, soif, peur)

'manger' の正しい形を選んで空欄を埋めてください。

Nous ___ une salade au café.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mangeons
nous の語尾は -ons です。g の音を柔らかく保つために e を残して 'mangeons' と書きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の現在形：動詞のマスター (Le Présent)

否定文の間違いを見つけて訂正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Je ne fais pas du shopping ce mois-ci.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je ne fais pas de shopping ce mois-ci.
否定文では、部分冠詞（du, de la, des）は「de」に変わります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Faireを使ったフランス語表現：天気と趣味

主観的な評価を伝えるのに最適な動詞を選んでね。

Je ___ que cette robe est magnifique sur toi !

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: trouve
ファッションの好みなど、主観的な感想には 'trouver' を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 意見を述べる (Penser, Croire, Trouver)

「お腹が空いている」と言うための正しい文章を選びましょう。

Choose the right option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'ai faim.
フランス語では、「お腹が空いている」には être (be) ではなく avoir (have) を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Avoirを使った表現：空腹、喉の渇き、恐怖 (Avoir faim, soif, peur)

推測を表す文の間違いを見つけて直してね。

Je croyons que tu as raison.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je crois que tu as raison.
'croire' の 'Je' の形は 'crois' です。 'croyons' は 'nous' の形だね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 意見を述べる (Penser, Croire, Trouver)

正しい天気の表現で空欄を埋めてください。

Regarde dehors ! Il ____ beau aujourd'hui.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fait
フランス語では、天候には動詞「faire」を使い、「être」や「avoir」は使いません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Faireを使ったフランス語表現：天気と趣味

間違いを見つけて直してください。

Je suis travaille dans un bureau.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je travaille dans un bureau.
フランス語では「私は〜である 働く」とは言わず、動詞をそのまま活用させて Je travaille と言います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の現在形：動詞のマスター (Le Présent)

趣味を表す正しい文はどれですか？

文法的に正しい文を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je fais du yoga.
「Yoga」は男性名詞なので、部分冠詞の「du (de + le)」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Faireを使ったフランス語表現：天気と趣味

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

フランス語では、空腹、喉の渇き、恐怖は、自分のアイデンティティの一部ではなく、一時的に「持っている」ものと考えます。物理的な感覚を外部の状態として捉える、という考え方の違いですね。「J'ai faim」は「私は空腹を持っている」という感覚です。
いいえ、「fatigué」（疲れている）は形容詞なので、être を使います。英語と同じように「Je suis fatigué」と言いますよ。
はい、使えますよ！「Je fais mes devoirs」と言います。学生にとっては最も一般的な使い方の一つです。
いつも「faire du sport」です。フランス語では「de + le」は「du」に縮約しないといけません。
'mangons' だと g が「ガ」のような硬い音になってしまいます。柔らかい「ジャ」の音を守るために e を入れます。: Nous mangeons ensemble.
いいえ！ Je travaille だけで「働く」と「働いている」の両方を意味します。 Je suis travaille とは言いません。: Je travaille maintenant.
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