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A2 noun 11分で読める

démotion

練習する例文メモとヒント démotion 30秒で

解説 démotion in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'démotion' might be a bit advanced, but it's easy to understand because it looks like the English word 'demotion'. It means when someone goes down in their job. Instead of getting a better job (promotion), they get a lower job. For example, if a manager becomes a simple worker again, that is a demotion. You should know that it is a 'down' movement. It is a feminine word, so we say 'la démotion'. You can remember it by thinking of the 'de-' at the beginning, which often means 'down' or 'away' (like in 'descendre' which means to go down). Even if you don't use it yourself yet, you might see it in simple stories about people working in offices. It is the opposite of 'promotion'.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'démotion' to talk about work and career changes. You should understand that it is a noun and that it describes a situation that is usually sad or difficult for a worker. You can use it in simple sentences like 'Il a eu une démotion' (He had a demotion). You should also know the verb 'rétrograder', which is the action of giving someone a demotion. At this level, it's important to notice the '-tion' ending, which tells you the word is feminine and usually refers to an action or a result. You might hear this word when people talk about why they are unhappy at work or if a company is having problems and has to change people's jobs to save money. It's a useful word for basic professional conversations.

At the B1 level, you should be able to discuss the reasons and consequences of a 'démotion'. You can explain that a demotion often leads to a lower salary ('un salaire plus bas') and fewer responsibilities ('moins de responsabilités'). You should be comfortable using it with verbs like 'subir' (to undergo) or 'craindre' (to fear). For example, 'Beaucoup d'employés craignent une démotion après la crise économique.' You should also start to distinguish it from 'démission' (resignation), which is a common point of confusion. A 'démission' is when YOU leave the job, but a 'démotion' is when the COMPANY moves you down. You can also use adjectives to describe the demotion, such as 'injuste' (unfair) or 'soudaine' (sudden). This word helps you express more complex ideas about the workplace and social hierarchy.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the nuance between 'démotion' and 'rétrogradation'. While they are often used as synonyms, 'rétrogradation' is the formal term used in French labor law. You should be able to use 'démotion' in more abstract contexts, such as the demotion of a sports team to a lower league or the demotion of a planet (like Pluto's demotion from being a full planet). You can also discuss the psychological impact: 'La démotion peut nuire à l'estime de soi.' You should be able to follow a debate or a news report about corporate restructuring where this term is used. Your vocabulary should also include related concepts like 'perte de prestige' or 'diminution de grade'. You can use the word to write professional emails or reports where you need to describe organizational changes accurately.

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At the C1 level, you should have a sophisticated understanding of 'démotion'. You should know its specific usage in linguistics, where it refers to the reduction in the syntactic prominence of a noun phrase (like a subject becoming an agent in a passive sentence). You should also be aware of the sociological implications of 'déclassement' versus 'démotion'. You can use the word to analyze complex social and professional dynamics, perhaps in a business case study or a sociological essay. You should be able to use it with high-level collocations like 'démotion disciplinaire' or 'démotion structurelle'. Your pronunciation should be perfect, especially the 'syon' sound at the end. You can also recognize the word in literary or high-level journalistic contexts where it might be used metaphorically to describe a decline in cultural or political influence.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'démotion'. You understand all its technical, legal, and metaphorical applications. You can use it in deep philosophical or political discussions about the nature of power and hierarchy. You are aware of the word's history and its status as a potential anglicism in some contexts, allowing you to choose between 'démotion' and 'rétrogradation' with absolute precision based on your audience. You can use the word in creative writing to evoke specific emotions or to describe subtle shifts in status between characters. You understand the most obscure uses of the term, such as in scientific classifications or complex grammatical theories. You can explain the concept to others, including its legal requirements in France, such as the necessity for the employee to agree to the change in contract that a demotion entails.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

démotion 30秒で

Démotion means moving down in rank or status, typically at work.
It is a feminine noun in French, so use 'la' or 'une'.
While it's a direct cognate of 'demotion', 'rétrogradation' is often used in legal contexts.
It carries significant psychological weight and usually involves a salary cut.

The French word démotion is a feminine noun that describes the act of lowering someone's rank, status, or position within an organization or hierarchy. While it is a direct cognate of the English word 'demotion', it is important to note that in standard French, the term rétrogradation is often preferred in formal administrative or legal contexts. However, démotion is increasingly used in modern corporate environments, particularly those influenced by international management practices. It represents the opposite of a promotion. Imagine a ladder where instead of climbing up to a higher rung with more responsibility and better pay, an individual is moved down to a lower rung. This can happen for various reasons, such as poor performance, organizational restructuring, or as a disciplinary measure.

Professional Context: In the workplace, a démotion often involves a reduction in salary, a change in job title, and a decrease in the level of authority or the number of subordinates managed.

Après l'échec du projet, le directeur a dû accepter une démotion au poste de consultant senior.

The emotional weight of a démotion is significant. It is rarely viewed positively by the person receiving it, often leading to feelings of shame, frustration, or a loss of motivation. In French culture, where professional status and titles are often highly valued, a démotion can be particularly damaging to one's social standing within a company. It is a process that requires careful handling by Human Resources to avoid legal repercussions or a total breakdown in the employee's engagement. Understanding this word requires recognizing both its literal meaning—the downward movement in a hierarchy—and its heavy psychological implications.

Social Context: Beyond the office, the term can be used metaphorically to describe a loss of prestige or a decline in quality, such as a restaurant losing its Michelin star.

La démotion d'un club de football en deuxième division est une catastrophe financière.

Historically, the concept of démotion has existed as long as hierarchies have. In military history, it was a common punishment for officers who failed in their duties. In modern linguistics, 'démotion' is also used to describe the process where a grammatical subject is moved to a less prominent position in a sentence, such as in passive voice constructions. This technical usage highlights the core meaning of 'moving down' or 'reducing importance'. Whether in a cubicle, on a sports field, or in a grammar book, the word consistently points to a loss of status.

Psychological Aspect: Psychologists study the impact of démotion on self-esteem, noting that it often triggers a grieving process similar to job loss.

Il a vécu sa démotion comme une injustice profonde.

Using the word démotion correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a noun. It is almost always preceded by an article (la, une, cette) or a possessive adjective (ma, sa, leur). Because it is a feminine noun, any accompanying adjectives must agree in gender. For example, 'une démotion injuste' (an unfair demotion) or 'sa première démotion' (his/her first demotion). It is frequently the object of verbs like subir (to undergo/suffer), accepter (to accept), or craindre (to fear).

With the verb 'Subir': This is the most common pairing, emphasizing that the demotion is something imposed upon the person.

Plusieurs cadres ont dû subir une démotion suite à la fusion des deux entreprises.

You can also use 'démotion' as the subject of a sentence to describe its effects. For instance, 'La démotion a affecté son moral' (The demotion affected his morale). In more complex structures, it is often followed by the preposition de to indicate the previous position, or au poste de to indicate the new, lower position. For example: 'Sa démotion du poste de directeur au poste d'assistant a surpris tout le monde.' This clearly maps the trajectory of the change in status.

Indicating the Reason: Use 'pour' or 'à cause de' to explain why the demotion occurred.

La démotion pour faute grave est une procédure strictement encadrée par le code du travail.

In a conversational setting, you might hear people say 'il a été dégradé' or 'il a été rétrogradé' rather than using the noun 'démotion'. However, in written reports, HR documentation, or news articles, the noun form 'démotion' provides a formal and objective tone. It serves to name the event rather than just describing the action. When writing, ensure you don't confuse it with 'dénotation' (meaning) or 'dévotion' (devotion), which sound similar but have vastly different meanings.

Adjective Agreement: Always use feminine endings for adjectives modifying 'démotion'.

C'est une démotion inattendue mais nécessaire pour la survie de la société.

Finally, consider the register. While 'démotion' is neutral to formal, using it in a very casual conversation might sound a bit 'corporate'. In a bar with friends, a French person might say 'Ils l'ont descendu d'un grade' (They moved him down a grade). But if you are taking a French exam or writing a professional email, 'démotion' is your best choice for clarity and professionalism.

You are most likely to encounter the word démotion in environments where hierarchy and performance are central. The primary setting is the corporate world. During company meetings, especially those involving restructuring or performance reviews, HR managers and executives use this term to describe organizational changes. It appears in internal memos, employment contracts, and labor law discussions. If a company is downsizing but wants to keep some employees in lower-cost roles, 'démotion' is the term that will circulate in the offices.

In the News: Financial news outlets often use 'démotion' when a company's credit rating is lowered by agencies like Moody's or S&P.

Le journal télévisé a annoncé la démotion de la note souveraine du pays.

Sports journalism is another rich source for this word. When a team is relegated from a premier league to a lower division, journalists often refer to it as a 'démotion'. Similarly, if a high-profile athlete is moved from the starting lineup to the bench, or from a first team to a reserve team, 'démotion' is the term used to capture that fall from grace. It conveys the drama and the consequence of the move better than simpler words might.

Legal and Academic Contexts: In law schools or when discussing 'Droit du Travail' (Labor Law), professors use this word to analyze the limits of an employer's power.

L'avocat soutient que cette démotion constitue une modification unilatérale du contrat.

You might also hear it in political commentary. When a minister is moved to a less prestigious portfolio or when a political party loses its majority status in a committee, commentators use 'démotion' to describe the shift in power dynamics. It is a word that carries the weight of public scrutiny and political consequence. Even in the gaming world, players might talk about the 'démotion' of their rank in a competitive ladder (like moving from Gold to Silver rank). This shows how the word has permeated various subcultures, always retaining its core sense of 'moving down'.

Pop Culture: In TV shows like 'Le Bureau des Légendes' or 'Dix Pour Cent', professional demotions are frequent plot points that drive character conflict.

Dans le dernier épisode, la démotion de l'agent secret a provoqué sa démission.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning French is assuming that every English word ending in '-tion' has an identical French equivalent that is used exactly the same way. While démotion is a valid word, using it exclusively can make your French sound a bit 'translated' or overly influenced by English. The primary mistake is ignoring the word rétrogradation, which is the more traditional and legally precise term in France. If you are writing a formal legal document or a formal letter to an employer, 'rétrogradation' is often the safer and more natural choice.

Confusion with 'Démission': A very common error is confusing 'démotion' with 'démission' (resignation). They sound similar but are opposites in terms of who initiates the action.

Attention : ne dites pas 'j'ai donné ma démotion' si vous voulez dire que vous quittez votre travail volontairement.

Another mistake involves gender agreement. Since 'démotion' is feminine, many learners mistakenly use masculine articles or adjectives (e.g., 'un démotion' or 'le démotion brutal'). Always pair it with 'la' or 'une' and ensure adjectives like 'soudaine' or 'injuste' have their feminine endings. Furthermore, learners often struggle with the preposition that follows. While in English we say 'demotion to', in French, we often use 'au poste de' or 'au rang de'. Using 'à' alone can sometimes sound incomplete.

Overusing it in Casual Speech: Using 'démotion' in a very casual setting can sound stiff. Instead, use 'redescendre' or 'perdre son poste'.

Au lieu de 'sa démotion m'attriste', un ami dira peut-être 'ça craint qu'il ait perdu son grade'.

Lastly, be careful with the pronunciation of the 't'. In English, 'demotion' has a 'sh' sound (de-mo-shun). In French, the 'tion' ending is pronounced like 'syon' (day-mo-syon). Pronouncing it with a 'sh' sound is a dead giveaway that you are an English speaker. Practice the 's' sound to sound more authentic. Also, avoid using 'démotion' to mean 'bad mood' or 'negative emotion'; although it contains the word 'emotion', it has nothing to do with feelings in that sense, other than the feelings caused by the rank reduction itself.

False Friend Alert: Don't confuse it with 'dénoter' (to denote) or 'détoner' (to explode/clash).

Il ne faut pas confondre la démotion avec une simple erreur qui dénote un manque d'attention.

To truly master the concept of démotion, it's helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. The most important alternative is rétrogradation. While 'démotion' focuses on the general concept of moving down, 'rétrogradation' specifically implies a movement down through established grades or ranks. It is the term used in the French Labor Code ('Code du Travail'). If an employer wants to officially change your contract to a lower position, they will initiate a 'procédure de rétrogradation'.

Démotion vs. Rétrogradation: Démotion is more conceptual and modern; rétrogradation is more technical, legal, and traditional.

La rétrogradation est une sanction disciplinaire, alors que la démotion peut être structurelle.

Another related term is déclassement. This word is often used in a sociological context to describe a 'downward mobility' in society. For example, if a middle-class person can no longer afford their lifestyle and falls into a lower economic class, this is 'déclassement'. It is broader than 'démotion', which is usually tied to a specific job or organization. You might also encounter mise au placard (literally 'putting in the cupboard'), which is an informal but very common way to describe a 'sideways demotion' where someone keeps their title but loses all their responsibilities and power.

Antonyms: The obvious opposite is 'promotion'. Another is 'avancement', which refers to moving forward in one's career path.

Il espérait une promotion, mais il a reçu une démotion.

In a military context, you would use dégradation. This is a very strong term that implies a public and shameful removal of rank. While you wouldn't use it for a typical office worker, it's a powerful word to know for historical or dramatic contexts. Lastly, consider the verb rétrograder. Since there is no common verb 'démotionner', you will almost always use 'rétrograder' when you need an action word: 'L'entreprise a décidé de le rétrograder'. Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the exact word that fits the severity and the context of the situation.

Technical Nuance: In linguistics, 'démotion' is the specific term; 'rétrogradation' is not used there.

La démotion du sujet est un concept clé de la grammaire générative.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Although it has Latin roots, its modern usage in French is often criticized as an 'anglicism' because 'rétrogradation' is the more traditional French term.

発音ガイド

UK /de.mɔ.sjɔ̃/

US /de.mɔ.sjɔ̃/

In French, the stress is always on the final syllable: dé-mo-TION.

韻が合う語

promotion émotion notion potion dévotion locomotion commotion adoption

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 't' as a 'sh' sound like in English.
Forgetting the nasal 'on' sound at the end.
Stress on the first syllable.
Pronouncing 'dé' as 'dee' instead of 'day'.
Failing to pronounce the 'o' clearly.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize due to English similarity.

ライティング 4/5

Requires knowledge of feminine agreement and correct prepositions.

スピーキング 3/5

The 'tion' ending requires correct nasal pronunciation.

リスニング 3/5

Can be confused with 'démission' or 'émotion'.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

travail poste chef salaire changer

次に学ぶ

promotion licenciement rétrogradation contrat syndicat

上級

déclassement hiérarchie subordonné prérogative stipulation

知っておくべき文法

Feminine nouns in -tion

La démotion, la promotion, la direction.

Nasal 'on' sound

Démotion ends with the same sound as 'bon' or 'maison'.

Preposition 'de' for origin

Sa démotion de son poste de manager.

Preposition 'au' for destination

Sa démotion au poste d'ouvrier.

Adjective agreement

Une démotion inattendue (add 'e' for feminine).

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レベル別の例文

C'est une démotion.

It is a demotion.

Simple subject + verb + noun phrase.

Il n'aime pas sa démotion.

He does not like his demotion.

Negative sentence with possessive adjective 'sa'.

La démotion est triste.

The demotion is sad.

Feminine noun 'la' matches the adjective 'triste'.

Une démotion au travail.

A demotion at work.

Prepositional phrase 'au travail'.

Pas de promotion, mais une démotion.

No promotion, but a demotion.

Contrast using 'pas de... mais...'

Ma démotion est difficile.

My demotion is difficult.

Possessive adjective 'ma' for feminine nouns.

Pourquoi cette démotion ?

Why this demotion?

Interrogative sentence with demonstrative 'cette'.

Elle a une démotion aujourd'hui.

She has a demotion today.

Verb 'avoir' in present tense.

Le patron a annoncé une démotion.

The boss announced a demotion.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

Elle accepte sa démotion pour rester dans l'entreprise.

She accepts her demotion to stay in the company.

Infinitive 'rester' following 'pour'.

Une démotion signifie moins d'argent.

A demotion means less money.

Verb 'signifier' followed by a noun phrase.

Il a peur d'une démotion injuste.

He is afraid of an unfair demotion.

Expression 'avoir peur de'.

Après son erreur, il a eu une démotion.

After his mistake, he had a demotion.

Time marker 'après' followed by a noun.

La démotion est rare dans cette équipe.

Demotion is rare in this team.

Adverb 'rare' modifying the state.

Est-ce que tu comprends cette démotion ?

Do you understand this demotion?

Interrogative with 'est-ce que'.

Sa démotion est un secret.

His demotion is a secret.

Predicate nominative 'un secret'.

Subir une démotion peut être très humiliant.

Undergoing a demotion can be very humiliating.

Infinitive subject 'Subir'.

L'entreprise a évité les licenciements grâce à la démotion.

The company avoided layoffs thanks to demotion.

Expression 'grâce à' meaning 'thanks to'.

Il a refusé la démotion et a préféré démissionner.

He refused the demotion and preferred to resign.

Contrast between 'démotion' and 'démissionner'.

Une démotion doit être justifiée par des faits réels.

A demotion must be justified by real facts.

Passive voice 'doit être justifiée'.

Elle ne s'attendait pas à une telle démotion.

She didn't expect such a demotion.

Pronominal verb 's'attendre à'.

La démotion de l'ancien directeur a choqué tout le monde.

The demotion of the former director shocked everyone.

Noun + de + noun construction.

Il cherche un nouvel emploi après sa démotion.

He is looking for a new job after his demotion.

Present continuous sense in French present tense.

Sans cette démotion, il serait encore manager.

Without this demotion, he would still be a manager.

Conditional mood 'serait'.

La démotion est souvent perçue comme un échec personnel.

Demotion is often perceived as a personal failure.

Adverb 'souvent' placement.

Certains syndicats luttent contre la démotion forcée.

Some unions fight against forced demotion.

Verb 'lutter contre'.

La démotion d'une planète est un sujet scientifique fascinant.

The demotion of a planet is a fascinating scientific subject.

Abstract usage of the noun.

Il a fallu renégocier son contrat après sa démotion.

It was necessary to renegotiate his contract after his demotion.

Impersonal construction 'Il a fallu'.

La démotion peut entraîner une baisse de productivité.

Demotion can lead to a decrease in productivity.

Verb 'entraîner' meaning 'to lead to'.

Elle a vécu sa démotion avec beaucoup de dignité.

She experienced her demotion with a lot of dignity.

Prepositional phrase 'avec beaucoup de'.

La démotion n'est pas toujours une sanction disciplinaire.

Demotion is not always a disciplinary sanction.

Negation 'ne... pas toujours'.

Le risque de démotion augmente en période de crise.

The risk of demotion increases during times of crisis.

Subject 'Le risque de démotion'.

La démotion syntaxique réduit le rôle de l'agent dans la phrase.

Syntactic demotion reduces the role of the agent in the sentence.

Technical linguistic terminology.

Cette démotion brutale témoigne d'un changement de stratégie radical.

This brutal demotion testifies to a radical change in strategy.

Verb 'témoigner de'.

Le sentiment de démotion sociale alimente souvent le populisme.

The feeling of social demotion often fuels populism.

Abstract sociological usage.

La démotion d'un officier supérieur requiert une procédure complexe.

The demotion of a senior officer requires a complex procedure.

Formal register 'requiert'.

Elle craignait que sa démotion ne soit définitive.

She feared that her demotion might be permanent.

Subjunctive mood with 'ne explétif'.

L'impact psychologique d'une démotion est souvent sous-estimé par la direction.

The psychological impact of a demotion is often underestimated by management.

Passive construction.

Malgré sa démotion, il a su garder son influence au sein du groupe.

Despite his demotion, he managed to keep his influence within the group.

Conjunction 'Malgré'.

La démotion du club en ligue inférieure a entraîné sa faillite.

The club's demotion to a lower league led to its bankruptcy.

Causal relationship.

L'ontologie de la démotion interroge la stabilité des structures hiérarchiques.

The ontology of demotion questions the stability of hierarchical structures.

High-level academic register.

Il s'agit d'une démotion de facto, bien que le titre reste inchangé.

It is a de facto demotion, although the title remains unchanged.

Latin phrase 'de facto' and concessive clause.

La démotion de la raison au profit de l'émotion est un thème récurrent.

The demotion of reason in favor of emotion is a recurring theme.

Metaphorical usage in philosophy.

Cette démotion s'inscrit dans une logique de restructuration globale néolibérale.

This demotion is part of a logic of global neoliberal restructuring.

Complex socio-political analysis.

Nul ne saurait ignorer les conséquences délétères d'une telle démotion.

No one could ignore the deleterious consequences of such a demotion.

Literary negation 'Nul ne saurait'.

La démotion de l'astre au rang de planète naine a suscité d'âpres débats.

The demotion of the celestial body to the rank of dwarf planet sparked bitter debates.

Precise vocabulary 'astre', 'âpres'.

Sa démotion fut le catalyseur d'une remise en question existentielle.

His demotion was the catalyst for an existential questioning.

Passé simple 'fut'.

On peut y voir une démotion symbolique plus que matérielle.

One can see in it a symbolic demotion more than a material one.

Nuanced comparison.

よく使う組み合わせ

subir une démotion

démotion disciplinaire

accepter une démotion

risque de démotion

démotion de poste

justifier une démotion

démotion brutale

contester une démotion

démotion de grade

suite à une démotion

よく使うフレーズ

être frappé d'une démotion

— To be hit with a demotion. It implies a sudden and impactful event.

Il a été frappé d'une démotion après le scandale.

en cas de démotion

— In the event of a demotion. Used in contracts and policies.

En cas de démotion, le préavis reste le même.

une démotion volontaire

— A voluntary demotion. When someone chooses to take a lower role.

Il a demandé une démotion volontaire pour moins stresser.

proposer une démotion

— To propose a demotion. Often an alternative to firing someone.

La direction lui a proposé une démotion.

refuser une démotion

— To refuse a demotion. Often leads to termination of contract.

Refuser une démotion peut entraîner un licenciement.

la démotion d'un club

— The relegation of a club. Specific to sports context.

La démotion du club en division 2 est confirmée.

vivre une démotion

— To live through/experience a demotion. Focuses on the experience.

Vivre une démotion est une épreuve difficile.

une démotion de fait

— A de facto demotion. When status is lost without a title change.

C'est une démotion de fait, car il n'a plus de budget.

le processus de démotion

— The demotion process. Refers to the administrative steps.

Le processus de démotion a duré deux mois.

une démotion temporaire

— A temporary demotion. Usually as a short-term punishment.

Il a reçu une démotion temporaire de six mois.

よく混同される語

démotion vs démission

Démission is when you quit; démotion is when you are moved down.

démotion vs émotion

Émotion is a feeling; démotion is a change in rank.

démotion vs dénotation

Dénotation is the literal meaning of a word.

慣用句と表現

"descendre d'un cran"

— To go down a notch. Used to describe a demotion informally.

Avec ce nouveau poste, il est descendu d'un cran.

Informal

"perdre ses galons"

— To lose one's stripes. Originally military, now used for losing status.

Le chef de projet a perdu ses galons après l'échec.

Idiomatic

"manger son pain noir"

— To go through a hard time. Often used after a demotion.

Depuis sa démotion, il mange son pain noir.

Idiomatic

"battre en retraite"

— To retreat. Can describe accepting a lower position to save one's job.

Il a battu en retraite en acceptant cette démotion.

Neutral

"tomber de haut"

— To have a long way to fall. Describes the shock of a major demotion.

Il est tombé de haut avec cette démotion soudaine.

Neutral

"être mis sur la touche"

— To be sidelined. Describes a demotion where one is no longer involved.

Après sa démotion, il a vraiment été mis sur la touche.

Informal

"boire le calice jusqu'à la lie"

— To drink from the chalice to the dregs. To experience the full bitterness of a situation.

Sa démotion n'était que le début ; il a bu le calice jusqu'à la lie.

Literary

"faire banquette"

— To sit on the bench. Used for a person demoted from active work.

Il fait banquette depuis sa démotion.

Informal

"prendre du galon à l'envers"

— To gain stripes in reverse. A sarcastic way to say demotion.

On peut dire qu'il a pris du galon à l'envers cette année !

Sarcastic

"revenir à la case départ"

— To go back to square one. Often used after a severe demotion.

Cette démotion, c'est comme revenir à la case départ.

Informal

間違えやすい

démotion vs démission

They sound very similar.

Démission is voluntary (you leave); démotion is imposed (you stay but in a lower role).

J'ai donné ma démission (I quit) vs J'ai eu une démotion (I was demoted).

démotion vs rétrogradation

They are synonyms.

Rétrogradation is more formal and technical, often used in legal papers.

La rétrogradation est officielle.

démotion vs dégradation

Both mean losing status.

Dégradation is much harsher, often military or involving public shame.

La dégradation d'un soldat.

démotion vs déclassement

Both mean moving down.

Déclassement is usually social or economic (losing class status).

Le déclassement social des jeunes.

démotion vs promotion

They are opposites in the same field.

Promotion is up; démotion is down.

Il espérait une promotion.

文型パターン

Il a une démotion.

Il a une démotion cette semaine.

Il doit subir une démotion.

Il doit subir une démotion à cause de la crise.

C'est une démotion de [X] à [Y].

C'est une démotion de directeur à adjoint.

La démotion a été causée par [X].

La démotion a été causée par son manque de résultats.

Malgré sa démotion, il reste...

Malgré sa démotion, il reste très motivé.

Faire l'objet d'une démotion.

Il a fait l'objet d'une démotion disciplinaire.

La démotion s'accompagne de [X].

La démotion s'accompagne d'une perte de prestige.

Nul ne peut nier l'impact de cette démotion.

Nul ne peut nier l'impact de cette démotion sur le moral.

語族

名詞

démotion

rétrogradation

déclassement

動詞

rétrograder

déclasser

abaisser

形容詞

démotionnel (rare)

rétrogradé

déclassé

使い方

frequency

Moderately common in professional and news contexts.

よくある間違い

Le démotion → La démotion
Nouns ending in -tion are almost always feminine in French. Using the masculine article 'le' or 'un' is a common error.
Il a démotionné son employé. → Il a rétrogradé son employé.
The verb 'démotionner' does not exist. You must use the verb 'rétrograder' to express the action of demoting someone.
Pronouncing 'tion' like 'shun'. → Pronouncing 'tion' like 'syon'.
English speakers often use the 'sh' sound, but in French, the 't' in 'tion' usually sounds like an 's'.
Confusing 'démotion' with 'démission'. → Using 'démission' for quitting and 'démotion' for rank reduction.
These words sound similar but have very different meanings. One is voluntary; the other is usually not.
Une démotion à manager. → Une démotion au poste de manager.
When specifying the new position, it's more natural to say 'au poste de' rather than just using 'à'.

ヒント

Gender Check

Always remember that 'démotion' is feminine. Say 'la démotion' and 'une démotion'. Adjectives must also be feminine, like 'une démotion injuste'.

The S Sound

Make sure to pronounce the 't' in 'tion' as an 's'. It should sound like 'syon'. This is a key difference from the English pronunciation.

The Legal Term

If you are in a very formal or legal situation in France, use 'rétrogradation' instead of 'démotion' to sound more professional.

Don't say 'Démotionner'

French doesn't have a verb form of 'démotion'. Use the verb 'rétrograder' when you want to say 'to demote'.

Corporate Lingo

In modern tech startups or international companies in Paris, 'démotion' is very common because of the influence of English management terms.

De = Down

Associate the prefix 'de-' with 'down'. Promotion (Pro = Forward/Up), Démotion (De = Down). This works for many French words!

Accent Mark

Don't forget the acute accent (accent aigu) on the first 'e': démotion. Without it, the word is misspelled in French.

Démotion vs Démission

Remember: Démotion = Company moves you down. Démission = You choose to leave. They are often confused by learners!

Handle with Care

Because a demotion is often embarrassing, use the word carefully when talking to or about someone who has experienced it.

Passive Voice

If you study linguistics, 'démotion' is the standard term for describing how subjects change in passive sentences.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'De-Motion'. The 'De' is for 'Decrease' or 'Down', and 'Motion' is the move. You are moving down.

視覚的連想

Imagine a ladder with a person stepping down from a gold rung to a wooden rung.

Word Web

travail salaire patron grade échec contrat bureau tristesse

チャレンジ

Try to use 'démotion' and its opposite 'promotion' in the same sentence about a fictional character's career.

語源

The word 'démotion' comes from the Latin 'demotio', which is the noun of action from 'demovere' (to move away, remove). The prefix 'de-' means 'down' or 'away' and 'movere' means 'to move'.

元の意味： Originally, it referred to the act of moving something away or removing it from its place.

It belongs to the Romance language family, derived from Latin.

文化的な背景

Be sensitive when using this word about a person, as it is a very personal and often painful subject.

In the US or UK, demotions are often seen as purely performance-based, whereas in France, they are heavily regulated legal events.

The demotion of Pluto by the International Astronomical Union in 2006. The demotion of Captain Dreyfus in French history (though 'dégradation' is the specific term used there). The frequent 'relegations' (démotions) of famous French football clubs like AS Saint-Étienne.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Human Resources

entretien de démotion
avenant au contrat
baisse de rémunération
changement de fonctions

Sports

démotion en ligue 2
perdre sa place de titulaire
retourner sur le banc
relégation du club

Linguistics

démotion du sujet
structure passive
complément d'agent
hiérarchie syntaxique

Astronomy

démotion de planète
planète naine
classification céleste
corps céleste

Sociology

démotion sociale
perte de statut
mobilité descendante
prestige social

会話のきっかけ

"As-tu déjà entendu parler d'une démotion dans ton entreprise ?"

"Penses-tu qu'une démotion soit préférable à un licenciement ?"

"Comment réagirais-tu si on te proposait une démotion demain ?"

"Est-ce que la démotion de Pluton t'a surpris à l'époque ?"

"Quelles sont les causes principales d'une démotion selon toi ?"

日記のテーマ

Décrivez une situation imaginaire où un personnage doit accepter une démotion pour sauver son entreprise.

Réflexion : La démotion est-elle toujours un échec, ou peut-elle être un nouveau départ ?

Imaginez une lettre d'un employé qui conteste sa démotion auprès de son patron.

Analysez l'impact d'une démotion sur la vie familiale d'un travailleur.

Écrivez sur la différence entre une démission volontaire et une démotion imposée.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, 'démotion' is a real French word, although 'rétrogradation' is often preferred in formal legal contexts. It is correctly used in management, linguistics, and sports. You will find it in modern dictionaries like Le Petit Robert.

Yes, you can. It is common to speak of the 'démotion' of a club to a lower division, although 'relégation' is also very frequently used in that specific context.

In most cases, they are synonyms. However, 'rétrogradation' is the technical term in French labor law. 'Démotion' is slightly more modern and is sometimes considered an anglicism by purists.

It is feminine: 'la démotion' or 'une démotion'. Almost all French nouns ending in -tion are feminine.

It is pronounced 'syon' [sjɔ̃]. The 't' sounds like an 's', and the 'on' is a nasal vowel. It does NOT sound like the English 'shun'.

Usually, no. A demotion changes the employment contract, so the employee must agree and sign an amendment (un avenant). If they refuse, the employer must find another solution or fire them for other reasons.

In a professional context, yes, it almost always implies a reduction in salary along with the reduction in rank.

No, that verb does not exist in French. You should use the verb 'rétrograder' instead.

This is a technical term in linguistics. It refers to when a part of a sentence (like the subject) is moved to a less important grammatical position.

Pluto was demoted to a 'dwarf planet' (planète naine) because it did not meet all the new criteria for being a full planet defined by astronomers in 2006.

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