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B1 noun 10分で読める

la dépendance

練習する例文メモとヒント la dépendance 30秒で

解説 la dépendance in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should understand 'la dépendance' in its simplest form: needing someone or something. While the word itself might be a bit advanced for a total beginner, you will encounter the verb 'dépendre de' (to depend on) very early. For example, you might say 'Je dépends de mes parents' (I depend on my parents). At this level, focus on the idea that 'la dépendance' is about a connection where one person needs another. You might also see it in very basic health contexts, like 'la dépendance au sucre' (sugar dependence), which is a concept easy to grasp. Remember that it is a feminine noun ('la'). Don't worry about the complex economic or architectural meanings yet. Just think of it as the noun version of 'needing' something so much that you can't do without it. If you see it on a sign or in a simple text, it usually means addiction or a state of being a minor who needs care. Keep your sentences short and use it with simple subjects like 'les enfants' or 'les animaux'.

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At the A2 level, you can begin to use 'la dépendance' to describe common habits and social situations. You will likely encounter it in topics related to health and technology. For instance, you might discuss 'la dépendance aux écrans' (screen addiction) or 'la dépendance au café'. You should also be aware of its opposite, 'l'indépendance'. At this stage, you should practice using the correct prepositions: 'dépendance à' for substances or activities, and 'dépendance de' for people or entities. You might also start to see the word in the context of family life, such as the 'dépendance' of elderly people who need help at home. This is a very common topic in French society. You should be able to recognize the word in simple news headlines or social media posts about lifestyle. Try to form sentences like 'Il veut réduire sa dépendance au tabac' (He wants to reduce his tobacco addiction). Understanding that the word can describe both a physical need and a structural relationship is the key goal for an A2 learner.

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As a B1 learner, you are expected to use 'la dépendance' in more varied contexts, including abstract and professional ones. You should be comfortable discussing 'la dépendance affective' (emotional dependence) in the context of relationships or psychology. You will also encounter the term in economic discussions, such as 'la dépendance énergétique' (energy dependence), which is a frequent topic in French media. At this level, you should also learn the architectural meaning of 'les dépendances' (outbuildings) if you are interested in travel or real estate. You should be able to explain the concept in your own words, perhaps using synonyms like 'l'addiction' or 'le besoin'. Your grammar should be more precise, ensuring that you use 'la' and pluralize it correctly as 'les dépendances' when referring to buildings. You can start to use it in arguments, for example, discussing the pros and cons of 'l'interdépendance' (interdependence) in global trade. This word becomes a tool for expressing complex links between ideas, people, and nations.

At the B2 level, 'la dépendance' becomes a versatile term in your vocabulary for debating and analyzing social issues. You should be able to discuss the nuance between 'dépendance' and 'accoutumance' (tolerance/habituation) in a medical or scientific context. You will use the word in formal essays to describe systemic issues, such as 'la dépendance des pays en voie de développement' (the dependence of developing countries). You should also be familiar with idiomatic expressions and more formal structures like 'être en situation de dépendance'. Your ability to use the word in the plural to describe the outbuildings of a 'château' or a 'manoir' should be second nature if you are reading French literature or history. At B2, you are expected to understand the sociological implications of the word, such as 'la théorie de la dépendance'. You can use it to talk about complex psychological states, such as how 'la dépendance' can affect one's 'estime de soi' (self-esteem). You should be able to distinguish between 'dépendance' and 'subordination' in a legal or work-related conversation.

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For C1 learners, 'la dépendance' is a precise instrument for academic and professional discourse. You should be able to use it to analyze philosophical concepts of autonomy versus heteronomy. In a business context, you will discuss 'la dépendance économique' and its impact on 'la chaîne d'approvisionnement' (supply chain). You should be aware of the historical weight of the word, particularly in post-colonial studies ('la dépendance post-coloniale'). Your usage should reflect an understanding of subtle registers; for example, knowing when to use 'l'assujettissement' (subjugation) for a more dramatic effect than 'la dépendance'. You will encounter the word in complex legal texts regarding 'les personnes dépendantes' and the specific laws governing their care and rights. You should be able to write long, nuanced paragraphs about the 'interdépendance' of global ecosystems or financial markets. At this level, you should also be comfortable with the word's appearance in classical literature, where 'les dépendances' might describe the sprawling estate of a 19th-century novel's protagonist. Your mastery includes the ability to use the word metaphorically and in highly technical fields like statistics or computer science.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'la dépendance' is near-native, allowing you to appreciate its most subtle connotations and uses. You can engage in high-level debates about 'la dépendance ontologique' in philosophy or 'la dépendance stochastique' in advanced mathematics. You understand the political nuances of 'la dépendance' in the context of 'le souverainisme' and how it is used as a rhetorical tool in political campaigns. You can navigate the most complex medical literature where 'la dépendance' is dissected into neurological, psychological, and social components. In literature, you can analyze how 'les dépendances' of a house serve as a metaphor for the secondary characters or hidden plotlines in a story. You are able to use the word with perfect precision in any register, from the most colloquial (talking about a 'dépendance au chocolat') to the most formal (discussing 'la dépendance mutuelle des puissances nucléaires'). You also recognize the word in its most rare or archaic forms in older texts. Your understanding of the word is not just linguistic but cultural, recognizing how the concept of 'dépendance' has evolved in French thought from the feudal era to the digital age.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

la dépendance 30秒で

La dépendance is a feminine noun meaning dependence or addiction. It describes needing something or someone to function or survive in various contexts.
In architecture, 'les dépendances' (plural) refers to outbuildings like garages or barns that are part of a larger property or estate.
Commonly used with prepositions: 'à' for addictions (dépendance au sucre) and 'de' or 'envers' for relationships (dépendance des enfants).
It is a key term in French politics (energy dependence) and psychology (emotional dependence), representing a lack of autonomy or freedom.

The French noun la dépendance is a multifaceted term that English speakers often encounter in two primary spheres: psychological/medical and structural/relational. At its core, it describes a state of subordination or a lack of autonomy. In the modern era, you will most frequently hear it in discussions regarding health, specifically addiction to substances like tobacco, alcohol, or digital devices. However, its reach extends far beyond the doctor's office. In a socio-economic sense, it describes the reliance of one entity on another, such as a country's energy dependence on foreign oil. Interestingly, in the plural form les dépendances, it takes on a completely different meaning in the context of real estate, referring to outbuildings, barns, or annexes on a property.

Medical Context: In medicine, it refers to the physiological or psychological need for a substance. It is often synonymous with 'addiction', though 'addiction' is also a commonly used loanword in modern French. For example, 'la dépendance au tabac' (tobacco addiction).

Economic and Political Context: This describes a state where a nation or organization relies on external sources for survival or success. 'La dépendance énergétique' is a major topic in French news, referring to the country's reliance on imported energy sources.

Architectural Context: When used in the plural, 'les dépendances' refers to secondary buildings attached to a main house, such as a garage, a cellar, or a shed. This is a common term in real estate listings across France.

Les experts s'inquiètent de la dépendance excessive des jeunes aux réseaux sociaux.

Cette vieille ferme est vendue avec plusieurs dépendances qui peuvent être rénovées.

La réduction de la dépendance aux énergies fossiles est un défi majeur du siècle.

Il essaie de sortir de la dépendance affective pour retrouver son autonomie.

Le pays cherche à rompre sa dépendance vis-à-vis des importations de blé.

Understanding 'la dépendance' requires recognizing its flexibility. While an English speaker might instinctively reach for 'addiction', the French 'dépendance' covers a broader spectrum of 'relying on' something. Whether it is a child's dependence on their parents (dépendance infantile) or a structural dependence in a building, the word implies a link that cannot be easily broken without consequence. In sociological discussions, 'la théorie de la dépendance' explores how resources flow from a periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. This demonstrates that the word is deeply embedded in academic, scientific, and everyday French discourse.

Using la dépendance correctly involves understanding the prepositional phrases that often accompany it. Most frequently, you will see 'dépendance à' (addiction to) or 'dépendance de' (dependence on). Choosing the right preposition is crucial for sounding natural. For instance, when talking about substances, 'à' is the standard: 'la dépendance à l'alcool'. When talking about a relationship between two entities, 'de' or 'vis-à-vis de' is more common: 'la dépendance de l'économie vis-à-vis du tourisme'.

The 'À' Pattern: Used primarily for addictions or habits. Example: 'Sa dépendance au sucre est inquiétante.' (His sugar addiction is worrying.)

The 'De' Pattern: Used for structural or logical reliance. Example: 'La dépendance de cet enfant envers ses parents est naturelle.' (This child's dependence on their parents is natural.)

The Plural Usage: In real estate, it is almost always plural. Example: 'La maison dispose de plusieurs dépendances, dont une grange et un atelier.' (The house has several outbuildings, including a barn and a workshop.)

Il a réussi à vaincre sa dépendance aux jeux d'argent après des années de lutte.

L'Europe cherche à réduire sa dépendance technologique vis-à-vis des autres continents.

La dépendance aux drogues dures nécessite un suivi médical strict.

Nous avons loué un gîte qui se trouve dans une ancienne dépendance du château.

La dépendance affective peut être un obstacle majeur au bonheur personnel.

In formal writing, 'la dépendance' is often paired with verbs like 'accroître' (to increase), 'réduire' (to reduce), or 'rompre' (to break). For example, 'rompre la dépendance' is a strong, evocative way to describe achieving independence. In professional contexts, particularly in project management, you might hear about 'les dépendances entre les tâches', which refers to how the completion of one task relies on the completion of another. This shows that the word is essential for describing logical structures and workflows. Always remember that while 'addiction' is used in French, 'dépendance' remains the more formal and comprehensive choice for all types of reliance.

You will hear la dépendance in a variety of real-life settings in France, ranging from the evening news to casual conversations about lifestyle. One of the most common places is in political debates regarding 'souveraineté' (sovereignty). French politicians frequently discuss 'la dépendance énergétique de la France', especially in the context of nuclear power versus renewable energy or natural gas imports. If you listen to French radio stations like France Inter or France Info, this term will appear daily in segments about the economy, ecology, or international relations.

On the News: Journalists use it to describe global issues: 'La dépendance de l'Europe au gaz russe a été au centre des discussions.' (Europe's dependence on Russian gas has been at the center of discussions.)

In Schools and Parenting: Teachers and parents often discuss 'la dépendance aux jeux vidéo' or 'la dépendance au smartphone' during meetings about student well-being and concentration.

In the Countryside: If you are looking to buy a house in rural France, real estate agents will constantly point out the 'dépendances'. 'Cette maison a de belles dépendances' means the property includes useful extra buildings like a barn or a guest house.

Le gouvernement annonce un plan pour lutter contre la dépendance des personnes âgées.

Il y a une forte dépendance entre ces deux facteurs économiques.

La dépendance au travail, ou workaholisme, est de plus en plus reconnue en France.

Beyond these specific fields, 'la dépendance' is a key concept in French psychology. You will find many books and articles discussing 'la dépendance affective', which describes an unhealthy emotional reliance on a partner. In a more academic setting, historians might discuss 'les dépendances coloniales', referring to the former colonies' reliance on their metropoles. This linguistic versatility makes it a high-frequency word that bridges the gap between technical terminology and everyday expression. Whether you are reading a medical report, a real estate brochure, or a political manifesto, 'la dépendance' will be there to describe the ties that bind entities together, for better or for worse.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make with la dépendance is a confusion with the English word 'dependence' versus 'dependency'. In French, 'dépendance' covers both. Another common pitfall is the gender; many learners mistakenly treat it as masculine because 'dépendant' (the adjective) sounds masculine. Remember, it is always la dépendance. Furthermore, the use of prepositions can be tricky. Learners often use 'sur' (on) because of the English 'dependence on', but in French, you must use 'de', 'à', or 'envers'.

Preposition Error: 'Sur': Incorrect: 'Ma dépendance sur le café.' Correct: 'Ma dépendance au café.' Never use 'sur' with this noun.

Confusion with 'Addiction': While 'addiction' is now a French word, 'dépendance' is more formal. Using 'addiction' in a formal medical paper might be seen as an anglicism in some traditional circles.

The 'Outbuilding' Trap: English speakers often forget the architectural meaning. If you see 'maison avec dépendances', it doesn't mean the house has problems with addiction; it means it has extra buildings!

Faux : Il a une dépendance sur son téléphone. Vrai : Il a une dépendance à son téléphone.

Faux : Le dépendance est grave. Vrai : La dépendance est grave.

Attention : Ne confondez pas dépendance (noun) et dépendant (adjective).

Another nuance is the difference between 'dépendance' and 'asservissement' (enslavement). While 'dépendance' implies a need or a link, 'asservissement' implies a much harsher, forced lack of freedom. Learners should avoid using 'dépendance' when they mean 'esclavage' (slavery) or total domination, although in political rhetoric, the two are sometimes linked. Finally, be careful with the verb 'dépendre'. While the noun is 'dépendance', the verb 'dépendre de' is used very broadly to mean 'it depends on'. For example, 'Ça dépend du temps' (It depends on the weather). Don't try to use the noun here; the verb is the natural choice for that specific English equivalent.

To enrich your French vocabulary, it is helpful to know words related to la dépendance that can provide more precision depending on the context. While 'dépendance' is the general term, French offers several alternatives that specify the nature of the reliance. For instance, 'l'addiction' is increasingly common for behavioral or chemical habits. 'L'assuétude' is a more literary or Belgian French term for a habit that has become a need. 'La subordination' is used in professional or hierarchical contexts to describe a legal or structural link.

Addiction vs. Dépendance: 'Addiction' is often used for modern behaviors (screens, shopping), while 'dépendance' is the classic choice for chemical substances (drugs, alcohol).

Assujettissement: This is a much stronger word, meaning 'subjection' or 'subjugation'. It implies a loss of will or political freedom.

Annexes vs. Dépendances: In architecture, 'annexes' is a perfect synonym for 'dépendances'. Both refer to additional buildings on a property.

L'interdépendance des économies mondiales rend les crises plus contagieuses.

L'autonomie est l'exact opposé de la dépendance.

Le mot 'assuétude' est parfois utilisé pour désigner une accoutumance à une drogue.

In summary, while 'la dépendance' is your go-to word, being aware of 'l'autonomie' (independence/autonomy) as its antonym is equally important. In social work, professionals often speak of 'le passage de la dépendance à l'autonomie'. Another useful related word is 'tributaire', an adjective meaning 'dependent on' or 'tributary to', often used in elegant French: 'Nous sommes tributaires du bon vouloir de nos créanciers' (We are dependent on the goodwill of our creditors). By mastering these nuances, you will be able to describe complex relationships of reliance with the precision of a native speaker.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The same Latin root 'pendere' (to hang) gives us words like 'pendant', 'pendulum', and 'appendix'. The idea is that a dependent person 'hangs' from their provider like a pendant hangs from a necklace.

発音ガイド

UK /de.pɑ̃.dɑ̃s/

US /de.pɑ̃.dɑ̃s/

In French, stress is usually placed on the final syllable of the word or phrase. Stress the 'dance' part slightly.

韻が合う語

indépendance tendance confiance espérance ordonnance résistance naissance connaissance

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the final 'e'. It should be silent.
Pronouncing the 'n' in 'en/an'. These are nasal vowels; the 'n' is not articulated.
Making the 'é' sound like 'ee'. It should be a closed 'e'.
Confusing the nasal 'en' with the English 'en' in 'pen'.
Stress on the first syllable like in English 'dependence'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize due to the English cognate, but nuances in meaning (like architecture) require attention.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct preposition usage (à vs de) and memory of the feminine gender.

スピーキング 4/5

Nasal vowels 'en/an' can be challenging for English speakers to differentiate and pronounce correctly.

リスニング 3/5

Clearly articulated in formal speech, but can be lost in fast colloquial talk due to its length.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

dépendre besoin aide maison drogue

次に学ぶ

autonomie assujettissement souveraineté toxicomanie interdépendance

上級

subordination aliénation heteronomie tributaire accoutumance

知っておくべき文法

Nasal Vowels (en/an)

The 'en' in 'dépendance' and 'an' in 'dépendance' are pronounced exactly the same in modern French.

Preposition 'à' for Addictions

La dépendance au (à + le) jeu.

Preposition 'de' for Origin/Relation

La dépendance de l'enfant.

Feminine Noun Endings in -ance

Most nouns ending in -ance (dépendance, confiance, chance) are feminine.

Plural of Nouns

Add 's' for 'les dépendances' when referring to multiple buildings.

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レベル別の例文

Le bébé est dans une situation de dépendance totale.

The baby is in a state of total dependence.

Note the use of 'la' with 'dépendance'.

Ma dépendance au café est très forte.

My dependence on coffee is very strong.

Use 'au' (à + le) after 'dépendance' for substances.

L'enfant a besoin de ses parents, c'est une dépendance.

The child needs their parents, it is a dependence.

Simple noun usage.

Il y a une dépendance entre ces deux choses.

There is a dependence between these two things.

General relationship.

La dépendance au sucre n'est pas bonne.

Sugar dependence is not good.

Feminine noun.

Elle lutte contre sa dépendance.

She is fighting against her dependence.

Possessive adjective 'sa' matches feminine 'dépendance'.

C'est une petite dépendance de la maison.

It is a small outbuilding of the house.

Architectural meaning.

La dépendance est un problème pour lui.

Dependence is a problem for him.

Subject of the sentence.

La dépendance aux écrans touche beaucoup de jeunes.

Screen addiction affects many young people.

Plural 'aux' for 'écrans'.

Nous avons acheté une maison avec deux dépendances.

We bought a house with two outbuildings.

Plural usage for buildings.

Sa dépendance à l'alcool l'empêche de travailler.

His alcohol addiction prevents him from working.

Use 'à l'' before a vowel.

Il faut éviter la dépendance excessive.

One must avoid excessive dependence.

Adjective 'excessive' is feminine.

La dépendance énergétique est un sujet important.

Energy dependence is an important subject.

Compound concept.

Le chien est dans une dépendance totale de son maître.

The dog is in total dependence on its master.

Use 'de' for the person relied upon.

Ils parlent de la dépendance au tabac à l'école.

They talk about tobacco addiction at school.

Prepositional phrase.

Elle a une dépendance affective envers son frère.

She has an emotional dependence on her brother.

Psychological usage.

La dépendance de l'économie au tourisme est risquée.

The economy's dependence on tourism is risky.

Complex noun phrase.

Il a transformé la dépendance en chambre d'amis.

He turned the outbuilding into a guest room.

Singular architectural use.

La dépendance aux réseaux sociaux réduit la concentration.

Social media addiction reduces concentration.

Abstract concept.

Les personnes âgées craignent la perte d'autonomie et la dépendance.

Elderly people fear loss of autonomy and dependence.

Paired with 'autonomie'.

Cette plante vit en dépendance avec un champignon.

This plant lives in dependence with a fungus.

Biological context.

L'Europe veut réduire sa dépendance au gaz étranger.

Europe wants to reduce its dependence on foreign gas.

Political/Economic usage.

La dépendance peut être physique ou psychologique.

Dependence can be physical or psychological.

Categorization.

Il existe une dépendance mutuelle entre les deux pays.

There is a mutual dependence between the two countries.

Adjective 'mutuelle' is feminine.

La dépendance fonctionnelle est évaluée par les médecins.

Functional dependence is evaluated by doctors.

Medical terminology.

L'indépendance est souvent le remède à la dépendance.

Independence is often the remedy for dependence.

Contrasting terms.

Les dépendances de ce château datent du XVIIIe siècle.

The outbuildings of this castle date from the 18th century.

Historical context.

La dépendance au travail peut détruire la vie de famille.

Work addiction can destroy family life.

Social issue.

Il faut rompre le cycle de la dépendance financière.

One must break the cycle of financial dependence.

Metaphorical use.

La dépendance des données est un concept informatique.

Data dependency is a computer science concept.

Technical usage.

Elle souffre d'une forte dépendance aux médicaments.

She suffers from a strong addiction to medication.

Verb 'souffrir de'.

La dépendance du sentier est un concept en économie.

Path dependence is a concept in economics.

Specialized term.

La dépendance structurelle entrave le développement du pays.

Structural dependency hinders the country's development.

Academic tone.

L'aliénation est une forme extrême de dépendance.

Alienation is an extreme form of dependence.

Philosophical context.

L'inventaire mentionne la maison de maître et ses dépendances.

The inventory mentions the master house and its outbuildings.

Legal/Administrative usage.

Il analyse la dépendance des variables dans son étude.

He analyzes the dependence of variables in his study.

Scientific usage.

La dépendance à l'égard d'autrui peut être pesante.

Dependence on others can be burdensome.

Use of 'à l'égard de'.

La dépendance aux importations fragilise la souveraineté.

Dependence on imports weakens sovereignty.

Political discourse.

Le poète évoque la dépendance de l'âme envers le divin.

The poet evokes the soul's dependence on the divine.

Literary usage.

La dépendance au sentier conditionne les choix futurs.

Path dependency conditions future choices.

Theoretical concept.

La dépendance ontologique interroge l'essence même de l'être.

Ontological dependence questions the very essence of being.

High-level philosophy.

L'interdépendance réticulaire définit notre ère numérique.

Reticular interdependence defines our digital era.

Advanced sociological term.

Il s'agit d'une dépendance stochastique entre les processus.

It is a stochastic dependence between the processes.

Advanced mathematics.

La dépendance aux énergies fossiles est un verrou systémique.

Dependence on fossil fuels is a systemic lock-in.

Metaphorical/Technical.

L'œuvre explore la dépendance psychique du créateur à son œuvre.

The work explores the creator's psychic dependence on their work.

Art criticism.

La dépendance des trajectoires historiques est indéniable.

The dependence of historical trajectories is undeniable.

Historiography.

La dépendance au milieu est cruciale en écologie profonde.

Environmental dependence is crucial in deep ecology.

Ecological theory.

La dépendance du sujet vis-à-vis du langage est totale.

The subject's dependence on language is total.

Linguistic philosophy.

よく使う組み合わせ

dépendance énergétique

dépendance affective

dépendance au tabac

dépendance physique

dépendance aux écrans

réduire la dépendance

créer une dépendance

maison avec dépendances

dépendance mutuelle

seuil de dépendance

よく使うフレーズ

en situation de dépendance

— Being in a state where one relies on others for daily life. Often used for the elderly.

L'aide à domicile est cruciale pour les personnes en situation de dépendance.

sortir de la dépendance

— To overcome an addiction or to become independent. A common goal in therapy.

Il a fallu un an pour sortir de la dépendance à l'héroïne.

la théorie de la dépendance

— A social science theory explaining the relationship between wealthy and poor nations.

La théorie de la dépendance a été très populaire dans les années 70.

une dépendance totale

— A state where absolutely everything relies on something else. Complete reliance.

C'est une dépendance totale vis-à-vis de la technologie.

lutter contre la dépendance

— To fight against addiction. Used in public health campaigns.

Le gouvernement lutte contre la dépendance aux drogues.

la dépendance économique

— When an economy relies heavily on one sector or foreign aid.

La dépendance économique au pétrole est un problème pour ce pays.

dépendance au sentier

— The idea that past decisions limit current choices (Path Dependence).

La dépendance au sentier explique pourquoi nous utilisons encore ce clavier.

dépendance psychologique

— A mental need for something, as opposed to a physical one.

La dépendance psychologique est parfois plus dure à vaincre.

dépendance fonctionnelle

— Inability to perform basic tasks like eating or dressing without help.

L'infirmière évalue la dépendance fonctionnelle du patient.

les dépendances d'un domaine

— The various outbuildings and secondary structures of a large estate.

Nous avons visité les dépendances du domaine viticole.

よく混同される語

la dépendance vs dépense

Learners often confuse 'dépendance' (dependence) with 'dépense' (expense) because they sound somewhat similar.

la dépendance vs indépendance

The opposite word. Be careful not to use them interchangeably.

la dépendance vs appendice

Related root, but 'appendice' is an appendix (book or body part).

慣用句と表現

"être sous la dépendance de quelqu'un"

— To be completely under someone's control or influence. Often implies a lack of freedom.

Il est totalement sous la dépendance de son patron.

neutral

"vivre dans la dépendance"

— To live in a state where one is not self-sufficient. Usually refers to financial or social status.

Il ne veut plus vivre dans la dépendance de ses parents.

neutral

"rompre les liens de dépendance"

— To break free from a state of reliance. Often used in political or personal contexts.

La nation a rompu les liens de dépendance avec l'empire.

formal

"tomber dans la dépendance"

— To become addicted or to lose one's autonomy. Implies a downward slide.

Il est facile de tomber dans la dépendance aux jeux.

neutral

"une dépendance de tous les instants"

— A dependence that is constant and never stops. Used for very heavy care needs.

Ce handicap nécessite une dépendance de tous les instants.

formal

"créer un lien de dépendance"

— To establish a relationship where one side relies on the other. Common in business.

Cette stratégie vise à créer un lien de dépendance avec le client.

neutral

"la dépendance du sort"

— The reliance on fate or luck. A literary way to describe uncertainty.

Nous sommes dans la dépendance du sort pour cette mission.

literary

"tenir quelqu'un dans la dépendance"

— To keep someone in a state where they rely on you, often to control them.

Il tient ses employés dans la dépendance en ne les formant pas.

formal

"la dépendance réciproque"

— Mutual dependence where both parties need each other equally.

Leur amitié est basée sur une dépendance réciproque.

neutral

"dépendance à outrance"

— Excessive or extreme dependence. Often used in criticism.

Cette dépendance à outrance aux aides sociales est critiquée.

formal

間違えやすい

la dépendance vs Addiction

Both mean the same in a medical context.

'Addiction' is more modern and often used for behaviors (games, internet), while 'dépendance' is more clinical and broad.

J'ai une addiction au téléphone / Il souffre d'une dépendance à l'héroïne.

la dépendance vs Accoutumance

Both relate to substance use.

'Accoutumance' is the physical process of needing more of a substance to get the same effect (tolerance). 'Dépendance' is the overall state of needing it.

L'accoutumance au médicament oblige à augmenter la dose.

la dépendance vs Subordination

Both imply a lack of autonomy.

'Subordination' is strictly hierarchical or legal (boss/employee). 'Dépendance' can be physical, emotional, or structural.

Le lien de subordination est clair dans ce contrat.

la dépendance vs Annexes

Both refer to extra buildings.

They are synonyms, but 'dépendances' is more common for residential/historical properties, while 'annexes' is used for public or administrative buildings.

Les dépendances de la ferme sont en ruine.

la dépendance vs Esclavage

Both describe a lack of freedom.

'Esclavage' is a forced, legal status of being owned. 'Dépendance' is a state of needing something, which can be voluntary or involuntary.

Sa dépendance est devenue un véritable esclavage mental.

文型パターン

C'est une dépendance.

Le café ? C'est une dépendance.

Il a une dépendance à [noun].

Il a une dépendance au chocolat.

La dépendance de [A] envers [B].

La dépendance de l'enfant envers sa mère.

Réduire la dépendance vis-à-vis de [noun].

Il faut réduire la dépendance vis-à-vis du pétrole.

Être en situation de dépendance.

De nombreuses personnes âgées sont en situation de dépendance.

Rompre le lien de dépendance.

Il est temps de rompre le lien de dépendance avec ce fournisseur.

La dépendance ontologique de [A].

La dépendance ontologique de l'effet par rapport à sa cause.

S'affranchir de toute dépendance.

L'objectif est de s'affranchir de toute dépendance extérieure.

語族

名詞

indépendance

interdépendance

codépendance

動詞

dépendre

形容詞

dépendant

indépendant

interdépendant

使い方

frequency

High, especially in news, medicine, and real estate.

よくある間違い

Using 'sur' instead of 'à' or 'de'. → La dépendance au tabac.
English speakers translate 'dependence ON' literally. In French, it is 'dépendance À' for substances.
Making 'dépendance' masculine. → La dépendance est grave.
Even though 'dépendant' is masculine, the noun is always feminine. Use 'la' or 'une'.
Using 'dépendance' for 'it depends'. → Ça dépend du temps.
Don't use the noun where a verb is needed. Use the verb 'dépendre'.
Confusion between 'dépendance' and 'dépense'. → Ma dépense était de 10 euros.
'Dépense' means expense/spending. 'Dépendance' means reliance/addiction. They sound similar but are very different.
Using plural 'dépendances' to mean multiple addictions. → Il a plusieurs addictions.
While possible, 'les dépendances' usually refers to buildings. For multiple addictions, 'addictions' is clearer in modern French.

ヒント

Gender Memory

Remember that almost all French nouns ending in '-ance' are feminine. This will help you remember 'la dépendance' along with 'la chance' and 'la confiance'.

Real Estate Hack

If you are renting a 'gîte' in France, it might be located in one of the 'dépendances'. This is often a charming, renovated part of a larger estate.

Nasal Perfection

Practice the 'en' and 'an' sounds by opening your mouth slightly and letting the air go through your nose. Don't let your tongue touch your teeth!

Energy Talk

If you want to talk about politics in French, 'dépendance énergétique' is a great term to know. It makes you sound very informed about current events.

Emotional Nuance

Use 'dépendance affective' to describe relationships. It's a very common and useful term in French social and psychological discussions.

Preposition Check

Always double-check your prepositions. 'Dépendance au café' (addiction) vs 'Dépendance de son aide' (reliance on help).

News Keywords

When listening to the news, 'réduire la dépendance' is a very common phrase. Usually, it refers to oil, gas, or foreign technology.

Be Formal

In a professional email or essay, use 'dépendance' instead of 'addiction'. It sounds more sophisticated and precise.

Autonomy

Always pair 'dépendance' with 'autonomie' in your mind. They are the two sides of the same coin in French social care and philosophy.

Castle Terms

If you visit a French château, the 'dépendances' are where the servants used to live or where the horses were kept. It's a key word for history buffs.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'pendant' hanging from a chain. A 'pendant' is 'dépendant' on the chain. If the chain breaks, the pendant falls. This is 'la dépendance'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a large house with a small shed (dépendance) leaning against it. The shed cannot stand without the house. Or imagine a person chained to a coffee cup.

Word Web

Addiction Besoin Subordination Autonomie (Opposite) Énergie Affective Bâtiment Lien

チャレンジ

Try to use 'la dépendance' in three different ways today: one for a habit, one for a relationship, and one for a building. Write them down in your journal.

語源

Derived from the Old French verb 'dépendre', which comes from the Latin 'dependere'. The Latin root means 'to hang from' or 'to be suspended from'. This literal meaning evolved into the figurative sense of being supported by or reliant on something else.

元の意味： To hang down from; to be attached to.

Romance (Latin root)

文化的な背景

When discussing addiction, 'dépendance' is clinical and neutral. However, calling someone 'dépendant' in a social context can sometimes sound patronizing, implying they lack strength or character.

In English, 'dependency' is often used for the state, while 'dependence' is the general noun. In French, only one word exists for both. Also, 'addiction' is a direct loanword in French but 'dépendance' remains the preferred formal term.

The 'Théorie de la dépendance' (Dependency Theory) in international relations. The film 'La Dépendance' (hypothetical title/common theme in French cinema). Legal texts on 'Aide aux personnes dépendantes'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Medical/Health

dépendance physique
dépendance psychique
traitement de la dépendance
sevrage de la dépendance

Economics/Politics

dépendance énergétique
dépendance aux importations
réduire la dépendance
dépendance financière

Real Estate

maison avec dépendances
rénover une dépendance
les dépendances du château
surface des dépendances

Psychology/Relationships

dépendance affective
lien de dépendance
sortir de la dépendance
dépendance mutuelle

Technology

dépendance aux écrans
cyberdépendance
dépendance aux réseaux sociaux
dépendance technologique

会話のきっかけ

"Pensez-vous que la dépendance aux smartphones est le plus grand problème de notre époque ?"

"Comment peut-on réduire la dépendance énergétique d'un pays selon vous ?"

"Avez-vous déjà visité une maison avec de vieilles dépendances en pierre ?"

"Est-ce que la dépendance affective est toujours une mauvaise chose dans un couple ?"

"Quelle est, selon vous, la dépendance la plus difficile à arrêter : le sucre ou le tabac ?"

日記のテーマ

Réfléchissez à une petite dépendance que vous avez dans votre vie quotidienne (café, sport, etc.) et comment elle vous influence.

Décrivez la maison de vos rêves. Est-ce qu'elle possède des dépendances ? À quoi serviraient-elles ?

Analysez l'impact de la dépendance technologique sur votre productivité et votre bien-être.

Écrivez sur une situation où vous avez dû aider une personne en situation de dépendance.

Discutez de l'importance de l'indépendance par rapport à la dépendance mutuelle dans une amitié saine.

よくある質問

10 問

Not necessarily. In architecture, it just describes extra buildings. In biology, 'interdépendance' is a neutral and often positive term for how species help each other. However, in personal and medical contexts, it usually implies a problem that needs to be solved.

In casual conversation, both are fine. In a formal, medical, or academic setting, 'dépendance' is much better. 'Addiction' is sometimes criticized as an anglicism by French language purists, though it is very common now.

It refers to a psychological state where a person's happiness and emotional stability depend entirely on another person, usually a romantic partner. It is a common topic in French self-help books and psychology.

You use the plural: 'les dépendances'. If you see a real estate ad saying 'maison avec dépendances', it means the house comes with a garage, barn, or shed.

No. This is a common mistake for English speakers. You must use 'à' (for substances/activities) or 'de/envers' (for people/entities). 'Dépendance sur' is incorrect.

It's the degree to which a country relies on imported energy (like oil or gas) to function. It is a very hot topic in French politics and news today.

It is always 'la' (feminine). Even though the adjective 'dépendant' can be masculine, the noun 'dépendance' is always feminine.

It means they need help with daily activities like washing, eating, or walking. It is the formal way to describe elderly people who require care.

In very old or legal French, it could mean something that follows from something else, but in modern French, this meaning is virtually obsolete.

It is a modern term for addiction to the internet or digital devices. It is a growing concern in French schools and health centers.

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