निर्धन 30秒で
- 'निर्धन' (nirdhan) is a formal Hindi adjective meaning poor or impoverished.
- It describes a lack of money, resources, and basic necessities.
- Used in serious contexts like news, reports, and social discussions.
- More formal than the common word 'गरीब' (gareeb).
Understanding 'निर्धन' (Nirdhan) - The Word for Poverty
The Hindi word 'निर्धन' (nirdhan) is an adjective that directly translates to 'poor,' 'impoverished,' or 'lacking money or resources.' It's a powerful word used to describe individuals, families, or even communities that struggle with financial hardship and lack the basic necessities of life. While 'गरीब' (gareeb) is a more common and everyday word for 'poor,' 'निर्धन' carries a slightly more formal and often more empathetic tone, emphasizing a state of destitution and need. You'll encounter 'निर्धन' in contexts where the severity of poverty is being highlighted, such as in social discussions, news reports, charitable appeals, and literature that aims to portray the struggles of the less fortunate.
- Core Meaning
- Lacking sufficient money, possessions, or resources to meet basic needs; impoverished.
सरकार ने निर्धन परिवारों के लिए नई योजनाएँ शुरू की हैं।
When you hear 'निर्धन,' think of a state of genuine need, where individuals are unable to afford food, shelter, healthcare, or education. It's a word that evokes a sense of sympathy and a call for support. Unlike casual mentions of being 'broke,' 'निर्धन' signifies a more profound and persistent lack of resources. It is often used in discussions about social welfare, economic disparity, and humanitarian efforts. The term underscores the systemic challenges faced by those in poverty and the urgent need for assistance and upliftment. It’s a word that demands attention and often inspires action towards alleviating suffering.
- Usage Contexts
- Social welfare reports, economic discussions, news articles about poverty, charitable appeals, literary descriptions of hardship.
समाज का निर्धन वर्ग अक्सर उपेक्षित रह जाता है।
'निर्धन' is more than just a label; it's a descriptor that points to a lack of opportunity and resources, often stemming from complex socio-economic factors. It invites empathy and a recognition of the challenges faced by a significant portion of the population. When learning this word, consider the situations where a more serious and formal term for poverty is appropriate, distinguishing it from more casual references to financial difficulties.
- Connotation
- Evokes sympathy, seriousness, and a sense of need; formal and empathetic.
Putting 'निर्धन' (Nirdhan) into Practice
Using 'निर्धन' correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective describing a state of poverty. It typically modifies nouns like 'व्यक्ति' (vyakti - person), 'परिवार' (parivar - family), 'समुदाय' (samuday - community), or 'वर्ग' (varg - class). The placement is usually before the noun it describes, similar to English adjective usage.
Basic Sentence Structures:
- Subject + 'निर्धन' + Noun: This is the most straightforward construction.
- 'निर्धन' + Noun + Verb: Describes an action taken by or related to the impoverished subject.
- Sentence describing a state of being 'निर्धन': Often uses 'है' (hai - is) or 'था' (tha - was) with the noun phrase.
यह निर्धन व्यक्ति बहुत मेहनती है।
Consider how 'निर्धन' can be used in various contexts, from describing individual hardship to societal issues. It's important to note that while 'निर्धन' is formal, it is not inherently disrespectful. It aims to describe a factual situation of lacking resources. When discussing poverty, using 'निर्धन' can lend a more serious and considered tone to your communication.
- Adjective Placement
- Typically precedes the noun it modifies.
उस निर्धन परिवार की स्थिति दयनीय थी।
When using 'निर्धन,' try to pair it with nouns that signify a group or situation where poverty is a defining characteristic. For instance, 'निर्धन बच्चे' (nirdhan bachche - poor children), 'निर्धन बस्ती' (nirdhan basti - poor settlement), or 'निर्धनता उन्मूलन' (nirdhanta unmoolan - poverty eradication) are common and appropriate usages. Remember that 'निर्धन' is an adjective, so it directly describes the noun. It does not function as a verb or an adverb on its own.
सरकार निर्धन लोगों को सहायता प्रदान करती है।
- Grammatical Role
- Adjective, describing nouns related to people, families, or groups lacking resources.
इस निर्धन क्षेत्र में विकास की बहुत आवश्यकता है।
Real-World Encounters with 'निर्धन' (Nirdhan)
You're most likely to encounter 'निर्धन' (nirdhan) in formal and serious contexts where the focus is on socio-economic conditions and issues of poverty. It's a word that carries weight and is often used by organizations, government bodies, and media outlets discussing the plight of those lacking basic resources.
Common Places to Hear 'निर्धन':
- News Reports and Documentaries: When discussing poverty statistics, the challenges faced by low-income communities, or the impact of economic policies on the poor, 'निर्धन' is frequently used.
- Government and NGO Publications: Official reports, policy papers, and appeals from non-governmental organizations working for poverty alleviation will often feature 'निर्धन' to describe their target beneficiaries.
- Social and Economic Discussions: In academic settings, debates, or formal discussions about social justice, inequality, and development, 'निर्धन' is a standard term.
- Charitable Appeals: When organizations solicit donations for those in need, they might use 'निर्धन' to emphasize the severity of the situation and the urgency of the appeal.
- Literature and Formal Writing: Authors and writers aiming for a more formal or impactful tone when depicting characters or situations of extreme poverty might choose 'निर्धन'.
एक निर्धन महिला ने अपने बच्चों के लिए कड़ी मेहनत की।
While 'गरीब' (gareeb) is the more common, everyday word for 'poor,' 'निर्धन' is reserved for situations where a more formal, empathetic, and serious tone is required. You might hear it in speeches by dignitaries, in public service announcements, or when discussing the historical context of poverty in India. It signals a deeper level of need and often implies a lack of basic opportunities and resources. Understanding these contexts will help you appreciate the nuance of this word and use it appropriately in your own Hindi conversations and writing.
उनका जीवन निर्धनता में बीता।
- Formal vs. Informal
- 'निर्धन' is formal; 'गरीब' is informal and common.
हमें निर्धन बच्चों की शिक्षा पर ध्यान देना चाहिए।
Avoiding Pitfalls with 'निर्धन' (Nirdhan)
While 'निर्धन' (nirdhan) is a straightforward adjective, learners can sometimes make mistakes in its usage, often by confusing its formality or by misapplying it in casual contexts. Understanding these common errors will help you use the word more accurately and effectively.
Key Mistakes to Avoid:
- Using 'निर्धन' in Casual Conversations: 'निर्धन' is a formal word. Using it to describe a minor inconvenience or a temporary lack of funds, like saying 'I'm poor because I spent all my money on shopping,' would sound overly dramatic and out of place. For such situations, more common phrases like 'पैसे खत्म हो गए' (paise khatam ho gaye - money ran out) or 'मैं कंगाल हूँ' (main kangal hoon - I'm broke) are more appropriate.
- Confusing it with 'गरीब' (Gareeb): While both mean 'poor,' 'गरीब' is the everyday, informal word. 'निर्धन' implies a more severe, often systemic, lack of resources. Using 'निर्धन' for a slightly less well-off person might sound overly harsh or inaccurate. Conversely, using 'गरीब' in a formal report about poverty might lack the necessary gravitas.
- Incorrect Grammatical Application: As an adjective, 'निर्धन' should modify a noun. Mistakenly using it as a verb or adverb is incorrect. For example, saying 'वह निर्धनता से जी रहा है' (vah nirdhanta se jee raha hai - he is living with poverty) is correct, but saying 'वह निर्धन जी रहा है' (vah nirdhan jee raha hai) is grammatically incorrect. The noun form is 'निर्धनता' (nirdhanta).
- Overuse or Misapplication: Sometimes, learners might overuse 'निर्धन' when other adjectives could be more precise. For instance, if someone lacks specific skills rather than money, 'अकुशल' (akushal - unskilled) would be more fitting than 'निर्धन'.
- Formality Check
- 'निर्धन' belongs to formal register; 'गरीब' is informal.
गलत: मैं आज निर्धन महसूस कर रहा हूँ।
To avoid these mistakes, always consider the context. Is it a formal report, a serious discussion about social issues, or a casual chat? For formal settings and to describe genuine hardship, 'निर्धन' is appropriate. For everyday talk about being short on cash, 'गरीब' or other more colloquial terms are better. Remember to distinguish between the adjective 'निर्धन' and its noun form 'निर्धनता'.
सही: निर्धनता एक गंभीर सामाजिक समस्या है।
गलत: वह निर्धन था क्योंकि उसने सब पैसे खर्च कर दिए।
Exploring Nuances: Alternatives to 'निर्धन' (Nirdhan)
While 'निर्धन' (nirdhan) is a specific term for poverty, Hindi offers a range of words with similar meanings, each carrying slightly different connotations and levels of formality. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the most appropriate word for your specific context.
Key Alternatives and Comparisons:
- 1. गरीब (Gareeb)
-
Meaning: Poor, needy.
Usage: This is the most common and general word for 'poor.' It's used in everyday conversations and is less formal than 'निर्धन.' It can describe someone who lacks money but might not be in extreme destitution.
Example: वह एक गरीब आदमी है। (Vah ek gareeb aadmi hai. - He is a poor man.)
Comparison with 'निर्धन': 'गरीब' is more versatile and informal. 'निर्धन' is more formal and often implies a deeper level of poverty and hardship.
- 2. दरिद्र (Daridra)
-
Meaning: Destitute, extremely poor, wretched.
Usage: This word carries a stronger sense of misery and extreme deprivation than 'निर्धन.' It often implies a state of suffering and lack of basic necessities.
Example: उस दरिद्र बच्चे को मदद की ज़रूरत थी। (Us daridra bachche ko madad ki zaroorat thi. - That destitute child needed help.)
Comparison with 'निर्धन': 'दरिद्र' emphasizes suffering and extreme destitution more than 'निर्धन,' which focuses more on the lack of resources.
- 3. कंगाल (Kangal)
-
Meaning: Penniless, broke, utterly poor.
Usage: This is a more informal word, often used to describe someone who has lost all their money or is completely without funds. It can also be used hyperbolically in casual conversation.
Example: मैं इस महीने बिल्कुल कंगाल हूँ। (Main is mahine bilkul kangal hoon. - I am completely broke this month.)
Comparison with 'निर्धन': 'कंगाल' is informal and often refers to a temporary state of having no money, whereas 'निर्धन' is formal and describes a more persistent state of poverty.
- 4. अभावग्रस्त (Abhavgrast)
-
Meaning: Lacking, deprived, in want of.
Usage: This adjective is broader and can refer to a lack of anything, not just money. However, when used in the context of economic hardship, it implies a state of deprivation due to lack of resources.
Example: यह क्षेत्र पानी से अभावग्रस्त है। (Yah kshetra paani se abhavgrast hai. - This region is deprived of water.) वह संसाधनों से अभावग्रस्त था। (Vah sansadhanon se abhavgrast tha. - He was deprived of resources.)
Comparison with 'निर्धन': 'अभावग्रस्त' is more general; 'निर्धन' specifically refers to a lack of financial resources.
'निर्धन' की तुलना में 'गरीब' अधिक सामान्य है।
Choosing the right word depends on the level of formality and the specific nuance you wish to convey. For formal discussions about societal issues, 'निर्धन' is often the best choice. For everyday conversation, 'गरीब' is more suitable. 'दरिद्र' highlights extreme suffering, while 'कंगाल' is informal and signifies being penniless. 'अभावग्रस्त' is a broader term for deprivation.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The Sanskrit prefix 'निर्-' (nir-) is common in many Hindi words to denote absence or negation, such as 'निर्मल' (nirmal - without impurity, pure) and 'निर्भय' (nirbhay - without fear, fearless). 'धन' (dhan) is a fundamental concept related to prosperity and resources.
発音ガイド
- Mispronouncing the 'dh' sound as a simple 'd' or 'th'. It's an aspirated dental 'd'.
- Not stressing the second syllable ('DHAN').
- Pronouncing the 'i' as a long 'ee' sound instead of a short 'i'.
難易度
Recognizable meaning, but formality may require context. Understanding its use in news articles or official documents is key.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Adjective Agreement: In Hindi, adjectives generally do not change form based on the gender or number of the noun they modify. 'निर्धन' remains 'निर्धन' regardless of whether it describes a masculine or feminine noun, or a singular or plural noun.
निर्धन लड़का (Nirdhan ladka - poor boy), निर्धन लड़की (Nirdhan ladki - poor girl), निर्धन लड़के (Nirdhan ladke - poor boys), निर्धन लड़कियाँ (Nirdhan ladkiyan - poor girls).
Noun vs. Adjective: Differentiating between the adjective 'निर्धन' (poor) and its noun form 'निर्धनता' (poverty) is crucial for correct usage.
वह निर्धन है। (Vah nirdhan hai. - He is poor.) vs. निर्धनता एक समस्या है। (Nirdhanta ek samasya hai. - Poverty is a problem.)
Word Order: Adjectives typically precede the nouns they modify in Hindi, similar to English.
निर्धन व्यक्ति (Nirdhan vyakti - poor person), not व्यक्ति निर्धन (vyakti nirdhan).
Use of 'है'/'था'/'हैं'/'थे': When describing a state of being, the verb 'to be' (है/था/हैं/थे) is used after the noun phrase.
वे लोग निर्धन थे। (Those people were poor.)
Using 'से' with 'निर्धनता': The preposition 'से' (se - from/with) is often used with the noun 'निर्धनता' to indicate struggling with or suffering from poverty.
वह निर्धनता से पीड़ित है। (Vah nirdhanta se peedit hai. - He is suffering from poverty.)
レベル別の例文
वह एक गरीब आदमी है।
He is a poor man.
'गरीब' (gareeb) is the common word for poor.
मेरे पास पैसे नहीं हैं।
I don't have money.
Simple statement of lack of money.
वह भूखा है।
He is hungry.
Describes a basic need due to lack of resources.
उनका घर छोटा है।
Their house is small.
Implies limited resources for housing.
मुझे मदद चाहिए।
I need help.
A general plea for assistance.
यह बहुत महंगा है।
This is very expensive.
Indicates unaffordability.
उसके पास कपड़े नहीं हैं।
He doesn't have clothes.
Describes a lack of basic necessities.
खाना कम है।
There is little food.
Indicates scarcity of food.
सरकार ने निर्धन परिवारों के लिए योजनाएं बनाईं।
The government made schemes for poor families.
'निर्धन' (nirdhan) is used here, a more formal term for poor.
उस निर्धन व्यक्ति ने कड़ी मेहनत की।
That poor person worked hard.
'निर्धन' describes the person's financial state.
निर्धनता समाज की एक बड़ी समस्या है।
Poverty is a big problem of society.
'निर्धनता' (nirdhanta) is the noun form, meaning poverty.
हमें निर्धन बच्चों की मदद करनी चाहिए।
We should help poor children.
Expresses a call to action regarding the poor.
वह निर्धन है और उसके पास कुछ नहीं है।
He is poor and has nothing.
Emphasizes the state of having no possessions.
यह इलाका बहुत निर्धन है।
This area is very poor.
Describes an area with widespread poverty.
निर्धन लोग अक्सर मुश्किलों का सामना करते हैं।
Poor people often face difficulties.
General statement about the challenges faced by the poor.
उसने निर्धनता को दूर करने का संकल्प लिया।
He resolved to remove poverty.
Focuses on the goal of overcoming poverty.
सरकार ने निर्धन वर्ग के उत्थान के लिए कई कदम उठाए हैं।
The government has taken many steps for the upliftment of the poor class.
'निर्धन वर्ग' (nirdhan varg) refers to the poor class, a common formal phrase.
उसकी निर्धनता उसकी कड़ी मेहनत के बावजूद थी।
His poverty was despite his hard work.
Highlights the persistence of poverty even with effort.
समाज का एक बड़ा हिस्सा आज भी निर्धनता से जूझ रहा है।
A large part of society is still struggling with poverty today.
Discusses ongoing societal struggle with poverty.
निर्धनता उन्मूलन के लिए शिक्षा एक महत्वपूर्ण साधन है।
Education is an important tool for poverty eradication.
'निर्धनता उन्मूलन' (nirdhanta unmoolan) means poverty eradication.
उसने अपनी निर्धनता को कभी अपनी कमजोरी नहीं बनने दिया।
He never let his poverty become his weakness.
Focuses on personal strength in the face of poverty.
कई निर्धन बच्चे स्कूल नहीं जा पाते क्योंकि उनके परिवार खर्च वहन नहीं कर सकते।
Many poor children cannot go to school because their families cannot afford the expenses.
Explains a consequence of poverty on education.
एक निर्धन राष्ट्र को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सहायता की आवश्यकता होती है।
A poor nation requires international aid.
'निर्धन राष्ट्र' (nirdhan rashtra) refers to a poor nation.
उसकी निर्धनता ने उसे जीवन के प्रति अधिक संवेदनशील बना दिया।
His poverty made him more sensitive towards life.
Suggests that hardship can foster empathy.
आर्थिक असमानता के कारण समाज में निर्धनता का एक स्थायी चक्र बन गया है।
Due to economic inequality, a permanent cycle of poverty has formed in society.
Discusses the cyclical nature of poverty due to economic factors.
सरकार की नीतियां निर्धन वर्ग के जीवन स्तर को सुधारने में सहायक सिद्ध हुई हैं।
The government's policies have proved helpful in improving the standard of living of the poor class.
Evaluates the impact of policies on the poor.
निर्धनता के मूल कारणों को समझना और उनका समाधान करना आवश्यक है।
It is necessary to understand and solve the root causes of poverty.
Emphasizes the need to address root causes of poverty.
हमें उन निर्धन समुदायों के प्रति अधिक संवेदनशील होना चाहिए जो मूलभूत सुविधाओं से वंचित हैं।
We should be more sensitive towards those poor communities who are deprived of basic amenities.
Calls for sensitivity towards deprived communities.
कई अध्ययनों से पता चला है कि निर्धनता का सीधा संबंध स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं से है।
Many studies have shown that poverty is directly related to health problems.
Links poverty to health issues based on research.
उसके निर्धन परिवार ने उसे पढ़ाने के लिए बहुत त्याग किया।
His poor family made many sacrifices to educate him.
Illustrates sacrifices made by poor families for education.
निर्धनता की मार झेल रहे लोगों के लिए आश्रय और भोजन की व्यवस्था करना हमारी नैतिक जिम्मेदारी है।
It is our moral responsibility to arrange shelter and food for people suffering from poverty.
Highlights moral responsibility to help the poor.
इस क्षेत्र में निर्धनता के कारण अपराध दर में वृद्धि देखी गई है।
Due to poverty in this region, an increase in the crime rate has been observed.
Connects poverty to increased crime rates.
वैश्विक स्तर पर निर्धनता उन्मूलन एक जटिल चुनौती बनी हुई है, जिसके लिए बहुआयामी दृष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता है।
Poverty eradication at the global level remains a complex challenge, requiring a multi-faceted approach.
Discusses global poverty eradication as a complex, multi-dimensional issue.
आर्थिक उदारीकरण के बावजूद, समाज के एक महत्वपूर्ण तबके की निर्धनता में कोई खास कमी नहीं आई है।
Despite economic liberalization, there has been no significant reduction in the poverty of a significant section of society.
Analyzes the impact of economic policies on poverty reduction.
निर्धनता केवल आय की कमी नहीं है, बल्कि यह अवसरों, स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं और शिक्षा तक पहुंच का अभाव भी है।
Poverty is not just a lack of income, but also a lack of opportunities, healthcare, and access to education.
Provides a comprehensive definition of poverty beyond just income.
सामाजिक सुरक्षा जाल को मजबूत करके ही निर्धन वर्ग को स्थायी राहत प्रदान की जा सकती है।
Sustainable relief can be provided to the poor class only by strengthening the social safety net.
Suggests strengthening social safety nets for lasting relief.
कई विकासशील देशों में, निर्धनता और अशिक्षा का दुष्चक्र एक गंभीर बाधा बना हुआ है।
In many developing countries, the vicious cycle of poverty and illiteracy remains a serious obstacle.
Describes the vicious cycle of poverty and illiteracy in developing nations.
निर्धनता के मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रभाव अक्सर अनदेखे कर दिए जाते हैं, जो व्यक्तियों के आत्म-सम्मान और प्रेरणा को कम करते हैं।
The psychological effects of poverty are often overlooked, diminishing individuals' self-esteem and motivation.
Highlights the often-overlooked psychological impacts of poverty.
सरकार को निर्धनता को संबोधित करने के लिए समावेशी विकास नीतियों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना चाहिए।
The government should focus on inclusive development policies to address poverty.
Advocates for inclusive development policies to tackle poverty.
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठनों का लक्ष्य निर्धनता के वैश्विक बोझ को कम करना है।
International organizations aim to reduce the global burden of poverty.
States the objective of international organizations regarding global poverty.
निर्धनता का बहुआयामी आयाम इसे केवल आर्थिक अभाव से कहीं अधिक जटिल बनाता है, जो सामाजिक बहिष्कार और शक्तिहीनता को भी समाहित करता है।
The multidimensional aspect of poverty makes it far more complex than mere economic deprivation, encompassing social exclusion and powerlessness as well.
Provides a sophisticated, multi-dimensional definition of poverty, including social exclusion.
समकालीन वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था में, निर्धनता के अंतर्निहित संरचनात्मक कारण अक्सर विकास की गतिशीलता को बाधित करते हैं।
In the contemporary global economy, the inherent structural causes of poverty often impede the dynamics of development.
Analyzes structural causes of poverty and their impact on development dynamics.
निर्धनता को कम करने के लिए केवल वित्तीय सहायता पर्याप्त नहीं है; इसके लिए सशक्तिकरण, शिक्षा और सामाजिक न्याय को बढ़ावा देने वाली नीतियों की आवश्यकता है।
Financial assistance alone is insufficient for poverty reduction; policies promoting empowerment, education, and social justice are required.
Argues for empowerment and social justice policies beyond mere financial aid.
निर्धनता के दुष्चक्र को तोड़ने के लिए, हमें उन अंतर्निहित सामाजिक, राजनीतिक और सांस्कृतिक बाधाओं को संबोधित करना होगा जो इसे कायम रखती हैं।
To break the vicious cycle of poverty, we must address the underlying social, political, and cultural barriers that perpetuate it.
Focuses on addressing deep-seated social, political, and cultural barriers to break poverty cycles.
निर्धनता का अनुभव व्यक्तिपरक और संदर्भ-विशिष्ट होता है, जो विभिन्न समाजों और व्यक्तियों के लिए अलग-अलग अर्थ रखता है।
The experience of poverty is subjective and context-specific, holding different meanings for different societies and individuals.
Emphasizes the subjective and context-dependent nature of poverty experience.
सतत विकास लक्ष्यों (SDGs) में निर्धनता के सभी रूपों को समाप्त करने का महत्वाकांक्षी एजेंडा शामिल है, जो वैश्विक सहयोग की मांग करता है।
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include an ambitious agenda to end all forms of poverty, demanding global cooperation.
References the SDGs and the call for global cooperation in poverty eradication.
निर्धनता के कारण उत्पन्न होने वाली निराशा और अलगाव अक्सर व्यक्तियों को समाज की मुख्यधारा से अलग कर देते हैं।
The despair and alienation arising from poverty often alienate individuals from the mainstream of society.
Discusses despair and alienation as consequences of poverty leading to social isolation.
नीति निर्माताओं को निर्धनता के दीर्घकालिक समाधानों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना चाहिए, न कि केवल तात्कालिक राहत उपायों पर।
Policymakers should focus on long-term solutions to poverty, rather than just immediate relief measures.
Urges policymakers to prioritize long-term solutions over short-term relief.
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Poverty is a serious problem.
हमें निर्धनता को गंभीरता से लेना चाहिए। (We should take poverty seriously.)
— Help the poor people.
हम सभी को निर्धन लोगों की मदद करने का प्रयास करना चाहिए। (All of us should try to help poor people.)
— He is living in poverty.
उसका जीवन संघर्षपूर्ण था क्योंकि वह निर्धनता में जी रहा था। (His life was full of struggle because he was living in poverty.)
— Due to poverty...
निर्धनता के कारण, वह स्कूल नहीं जा सका। (Due to poverty, he could not go to school.)
— To overcome poverty.
कड़ी मेहनत से निर्धनता से उबरना संभव है। (It is possible to overcome poverty with hard work.)
— Efforts for poverty eradication.
सरकार निर्धनता उन्मूलन के लिए विभिन्न प्रयास कर रही है। (The government is making various efforts for poverty eradication.)
— Below the poverty line.
लाखों लोग आज भी निर्धनता रेखा से नीचे जी रहे हैं। (Millions of people are still living below the poverty line today.)
— To face poverty.
कई परिवारों को हर दिन निर्धनता का सामना करना पड़ता है। (Many families have to face poverty every day.)
— To suffer the blow/impact of poverty.
वे लोग निर्धनता की मार झेल रहे थे। (Those people were suffering the impact of poverty.)
— To remove/eradicate poverty.
हमारा लक्ष्य निर्धनता को दूर करना है। (Our goal is to eradicate poverty.)
よく混同される語
'गरीब' is the common, informal word for 'poor.' 'निर्धन' is more formal and often implies a deeper or more systemic lack of resources. Using 'निर्धन' in a casual chat might sound overly dramatic.
'निर्धनता' is the noun form meaning 'poverty,' while 'निर्धन' is the adjective meaning 'poor.' They are related but used differently grammatically.
'अभाव' means 'lack' or 'scarcity' and can refer to a lack of anything, not just money. 'निर्धन' specifically denotes a lack of financial resources.
慣用句と表現
— To struggle to make ends meet; to find it difficult to earn enough to feed oneself and one's family.
जब से उसकी नौकरी गई है, उसे पेट पालना मुश्किल हो रहा है। (Since he lost his job, he has been struggling to make ends meet.)
Informal— To not even have enough food for two meals a day; to be extremely poor.
पहले लोग इतने गरीब थे कि उन्हें दो वक्त की रोटी नसीब न होती थी। (In the past, people were so poor that they didn't even have enough food for two meals a day.)
Informal— To be in rags; to be in a state of extreme poverty and disrepair.
युद्ध के बाद, पूरा शहर फटेहाल हो गया था। (After the war, the entire city was in rags.)
Informal— A state of extreme poverty or bankruptcy.
आर्थिक मंदी के कारण कई कंपनियाँ कंगाली की हालत में पहुँच गईं। (Due to the economic recession, many companies reached a state of bankruptcy.)
Formal/Informal— To make a huge fuss or try desperately to get help, often when facing extreme hardship.
जब कोई मदद नहीं मिली, तो उसने अपनी समस्या के लिए आसमान सिर पर उठा लिया। (When no help came, he made a huge fuss about his problem.)
Informal— To go to bed hungry; to be so poor that one cannot afford to eat.
गरीब बच्चे अक्सर भूखे पेट सोते हैं। (Poor children often go to bed hungry.)
Informal— Literally, the cooking fire not being lit; metaphorically, to be so poor that one cannot even cook a meal.
उनके घर में कई दिनों से चूल्हा नहीं जला था। (The cooking fire hadn't been lit in their house for many days.)
Informal/Literary— To lose everything; to be completely impoverished.
बाढ़ में उसका सब कुछ लुट गया और वह बिल्कुल कंगाल हो गया। (He lost everything in the flood and became completely broke.)
Informal— To be dependent on every single penny; to be extremely poor and have to count every coin.
बुढ़ापे में वह कौड़ी-कौड़ी का मोहताज हो गया। (In his old age, he became dependent on every single penny.)
Informal— To get into trouble or debt that is beyond one's means; to dig one's own grave financially.
बिना सोचे-समझे लोन लेने से फटे में पाँव डालने जैसा है। (Taking a loan without thinking is like getting into trouble one cannot handle.)
Informal間違えやすい
Both mean 'poor'.
'गरीब' is informal and common for everyday use. 'निर्धन' is formal and used in more serious discussions about socio-economic conditions, implying a greater degree of deprivation.
Informal: मेरा दोस्त गरीब है। (My friend is poor.) Formal: सरकार निर्धन वर्ग की सहायता कर रही है। (The government is helping the poor class.)
Both describe a state of extreme poverty.
'दरिद्र' emphasizes suffering and destitution, evoking a stronger sense of misery. 'निर्धन' focuses more directly on the lack of financial resources and basic necessities, often in a more objective or formal tone.
He lived in 'निर्धनता' (poverty). The child was 'दरिद्र' (destitute) and suffering.
Both refer to a lack of money.
'कंगाल' is informal and typically means 'penniless' or 'broke,' often implying a temporary state or a dramatic expression. 'निर्धन' is formal and describes a more persistent and serious condition of poverty.
Casual: मैं आज कंगाल हूँ। (I'm broke today.) Formal: निर्धन परिवारों को आर्थिक सहायता की ज़रूरत है। (Poor families need financial aid.)
Both imply a lack of something.
'वंचित' means 'deprived' or 'disadvantaged' and can refer to a lack of opportunities, rights, or resources. 'निर्धन' specifically refers to a lack of financial wealth and material possessions.
He is 'निर्धन' (poor) because he lacks money. He is 'वंचित' (deprived) of education.
They are derived from the same root.
'निर्धन' is an adjective describing a person or thing as poor. 'निर्धनता' is the noun form, referring to the state or condition of poverty itself.
Adjective: वह निर्धन है। (He is poor.) Noun: निर्धनता एक समस्या है। (Poverty is a problem.)
文型パターン
निर्धन + Noun
निर्धन बच्चा रो रहा था। (Nirdhan bachcha ro raha tha.) - The poor child was crying.
Noun + निर्धन है/हैं।
वह परिवार निर्धन है। (Vah parivar nirdhan hai.) - That family is poor.
सरकार/संस्था + निर्धन + Noun + के लिए + Noun Phrase
सरकार निर्धन लोगों के लिए आवास प्रदान करती है। (Sarkar nirdhan logon ke liye aavaas pradaan karti hai.) - The government provides housing for poor people.
निर्धनता + एक + Noun
निर्धनता एक गंभीर समस्या है। (Nirdhanta ek gambhir samasya hai.) - Poverty is a serious problem.
Noun + निर्धनता + से + Verb/Adjective
वे निर्धनता से जूझ रहे थे। (Ve nirdhanta se joojh rahe the.) - They were struggling with poverty.
हमें + निर्धन + Noun + के प्रति + Adjective + होना चाहिए।
हमें निर्धन समुदायों के प्रति अधिक संवेदनशील होना चाहिए। (Hamein nirdhan samudayon ke prati adhik sanvedansheel hona chahiye.) - We should be more sensitive towards poor communities.
निर्धनता + का + Noun + Noun Phrase
निर्धनता का उन्मूलन एक वैश्विक लक्ष्य है। (Nirdhanta ka unmoolan ek vaishvik lakshya hai.) - Poverty eradication is a global goal.
Noun Phrase + निर्धनता + के + कारण + Noun Phrase
स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं के कारण, वह निर्धनता में गिर गया। (Swasthya samasyaon ke karan, vah nirdhanta mein gir gaya.) - Due to health problems, he fell into poverty.
語族
名詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Medium. Less common than 'गरीब' but frequently used in formal contexts.
-
Using 'निर्धन' in casual conversation.
→
Use 'गरीब' or other informal terms like 'कंगाल' for casual contexts.
'निर्धन' is a formal word. Using it casually can sound overly dramatic or out of place, similar to using 'destitute' in English for a minor financial inconvenience.
-
Confusing 'निर्धन' (adjective) with 'निर्धनता' (noun).
→
Use 'निर्धन' to describe a person/thing (e.g., निर्धन व्यक्ति) and 'निर्धनता' to refer to the state of poverty (e.g., निर्धनता एक समस्या है).
This is a common grammatical error. 'निर्धन' modifies nouns, while 'निर्धनता' is the concept itself. For example, 'He is poor' (वह निर्धन है) vs. 'Poverty is a problem' (निर्धनता एक समस्या है).
-
Pronouncing 'dh' as a simple 'd' or 'th'.
→
Pronounce 'dh' as an aspirated dental 'd' (like 'th' in 'this' but with more air).
Incorrect pronunciation can make the word sound unfamiliar or incorrect. The 'dh' sound is crucial for accurate Hindi pronunciation.
-
Applying adjective agreement where it's not needed.
→
'निर्धन' does not change form for gender or number.
Unlike some other Hindi words, adjectives like 'निर्धन' do not inflect. So, it's always 'निर्धन व्यक्ति', 'निर्धन महिला', 'निर्धन लोग', etc. No change is needed.
-
Using 'निर्धन' when a more specific term is needed.
→
Consider words like 'वंचित' (deprived) or 'अभावग्रस्त' (lacking) if the focus is on a specific lack other than general poverty.
While 'निर्धन' means poor, it's a general term. If someone lacks specific opportunities or resources (like education or water), a more precise word might be better. For example, 'शिक्षा से वंचित बच्चे' (children deprived of education) is more specific than just 'निर्धन बच्चे'.
ヒント
Master the 'Dh' Sound
The 'dh' in 'निर्धन' is an aspirated dental 'd' sound (like 'th' in 'this' but with more air). Practice this sound to pronounce the word correctly and sound more natural.
Adjective vs. Noun
Remember that 'निर्धन' is an adjective describing a noun (e.g., निर्धन व्यक्ति - poor person). Its noun form is 'निर्धनता' (poverty). Ensure you use them in the correct grammatical role.
Visual Association
Create a mental image: picture someone with empty pockets and a sad expression, symbolizing 'Nir-Dhan' (no money). This visual link can help you recall the word and its meaning.
Compare and Contrast
Actively compare 'निर्धन' with similar words like 'गरीब', 'दरिद्र', and 'कंगाल'. Understanding their nuances in formality and meaning will help you choose the most precise word for any situation.
Sentence Construction
Practice building sentences using 'निर्धन' in various contexts. Try describing different scenarios – a poor family, a struggling student, or an impoverished region. This active usage solidifies your understanding.
Cultural Significance
Understand that poverty is a significant social issue in India. The term 'निर्धन' often carries a connotation of empathy and a call to action, reflecting cultural values of compassion and social responsibility.
Word Family Exploration
Explore related words like 'निर्धनता' (poverty), 'निर्धन-वर्ग' (poor class), and 'निर्धन-परिवार' (poor family). Building a network of related terms enhances your vocabulary.
Active Listening
When listening to Hindi news, documentaries, or formal speeches, pay attention to how and when 'निर्धन' is used. This will provide real-world examples and reinforce your understanding of its register.
Formal Writing Practice
In your formal writing assignments, try to incorporate 'निर्धन' appropriately. For instance, when discussing social issues or economic challenges, using 'निर्धन' will lend a more professional and serious tone to your text.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'Nir-Dhan'. 'Nir' sounds like 'near' and 'Dhan' means 'money'. So, someone who is 'near' no 'money' is 'निर्धन' (poor). Alternatively, imagine someone saying 'No Dhan!' (No money!) with a sigh – that's the feeling of being 'निर्धन'.
視覚的連想
Imagine a person standing with empty pockets, looking sad. Their pockets are 'Nir-Dhan' (no money). Or picture a barren field with no crops – it's 'निर्धन' (lacking resources).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe a character in a story who is 'निर्धन'. Use the word at least three times, focusing on different aspects of their hardship, like lack of food, shelter, or opportunities. This will help you internalize the meaning and usage in context.
語源
The word 'निर्धन' (nirdhan) is derived from Sanskrit. It is a compound word formed from the prefix 'निर्-' (nir-) meaning 'without' or 'lacking', and the root word 'धन' (dhan) meaning 'wealth' or 'money'.
元の意味： Literally means 'without wealth' or 'lacking money'.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)文化的な背景
When discussing poverty or referring to individuals as 'निर्धन', it's important to do so with empathy and respect. Avoid using the term in a derogatory or judgmental manner. The focus should be on the condition of lacking resources, not on labeling individuals negatively.
In English-speaking contexts, the closest equivalents are 'poor,' 'impoverished,' 'destitute,' or 'needy.' The choice depends on the severity and formality of the situation.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Social Welfare and Government Policies
- निर्धन परिवारों के लिए योजनाएं (Schemes for poor families)
- निर्धन वर्ग का उत्थान (Upliftment of the poor class)
- निर्धनता उन्मूलन कार्यक्रम (Poverty eradication programs)
Economic Discussions
- निर्धनता रेखा से नीचे (Below the poverty line)
- आर्थिक निर्धनता (Economic poverty)
- निर्धनता का चक्र (Cycle of poverty)
News and Media
- निर्धनता की मार झेल रहे लोग (People suffering the impact of poverty)
- निर्धन समुदायों की स्थिति (Condition of poor communities)
- निर्धनता से जुड़ी खबरें (News related to poverty)
Humanitarian Aid and Charity
- निर्धन बच्चों की मदद (Help for poor children)
- जरूरतमंद निर्धन लोगों को दान (Donation to needy poor people)
- निर्धनता में जी रहे लोग (People living in poverty)
Literature and Social Commentary
- एक निर्धन व्यक्ति की कहानी (Story of a poor person)
- समाज की निर्धनता (Poverty of society)
- निर्धनता के कारण (Causes of poverty)
会話のきっかけ
"Have you heard the Hindi word 'निर्धन' (nirdhan)? What do you think it means?"
"When might you use 'निर्धन' instead of a more common word like 'गरीब' (gareeb)?"
"Can you think of a situation where describing someone as 'निर्धन' would be appropriate?"
"What are some of the challenges faced by people described as 'निर्धन'?"
"How does the concept of 'निर्धनता' (poverty) affect society?"
日記のテーマ
Write a short paragraph describing a character who is 'निर्धन', focusing on their daily struggles and hopes.
Imagine you are writing an appeal for donations. How would you use the word 'निर्धन' to convey the urgency of the situation?
Reflect on the difference between 'निर्धन' and 'गरीब'. When would each term be more suitable?
Write a brief story about a person overcoming 'निर्धनता'. Use the word 'निर्धन' and its related noun form 'निर्धनता'.
Discuss the societal responsibility towards 'निर्धन' individuals and communities.
よくある質問
10 問'निर्धन' (nirdhan) is a more formal adjective used to describe poverty, often in official reports, news, or serious discussions. It implies a significant lack of resources and basic necessities. 'गरीब' (gareeb) is the common, everyday word for 'poor' and is used in informal conversations and general descriptions. While both mean poor, 'निर्धन' carries more weight and formality.
No, 'निर्धन' is not inherently disrespectful. It is a formal and empathetic term used to describe a condition of lacking resources. However, like any word describing hardship, it should be used with sensitivity and in appropriate contexts, focusing on the condition rather than labeling individuals negatively.
Yes, 'निर्धन' can be used to describe places or regions that are economically deprived or lack resources. For example, 'निर्धन क्षेत्र' (nirdhan kshetra - poor area) or 'निर्धन देश' (nirdhan desh - poor country). It describes the state of lacking wealth or resources.
The noun form of 'निर्धन' is 'निर्धनता' (nirdhanta), which means 'poverty' or 'destitution'.
Use 'निर्धन' when you are in a formal setting, discussing socio-economic issues, writing reports, or when you want to emphasize a deeper, more serious state of poverty and lack of resources. Use 'गरीब' for everyday conversations and casual descriptions.
As an adjective, 'निर्धन' does not change its form based on the gender or number of the noun it describes. It remains 'निर्धन' whether you are referring to a single male, a single female, or multiple people. For example, 'निर्धन व्यक्ति' (poor person), 'निर्धन महिला' (poor woman), 'निर्धन लोग' (poor people).
Common phrases include 'निर्धन परिवार' (poor family), 'निर्धन वर्ग' (poor class), 'निर्धन बच्चे' (poor children), 'निर्धनता उन्मूलन' (poverty eradication), and 'निर्धनता रेखा' (poverty line).
A mnemonic is to think of 'Nir' (near) and 'Dhan' (money). Someone who is 'near' having no 'money' is 'निर्धन'. Visualizing empty pockets can also help.
Yes, besides 'निर्धन' which implies significant poverty, 'दरिद्र' (daridra) means destitute or extremely poor, emphasizing suffering. 'कंगाल' (kangal) is an informal term for being penniless or broke.
The direct opposites of 'निर्धन' are 'अमीर' (ameer - rich), 'धनी' (dhani - wealthy), 'संपन्न' (sampann - prosperous), and 'समृद्ध' (samriddh - flourishing).
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The Hindi adjective 'निर्धन' (nirdhan) signifies a state of poverty, emphasizing a lack of financial resources and basic necessities. It is a formal term, often encountered in news reports, academic discussions, and official documents concerning socio-economic issues, distinct from the more colloquial 'गरीब' (gareeb).
- 'निर्धन' (nirdhan) is a formal Hindi adjective meaning poor or impoverished.
- It describes a lack of money, resources, and basic necessities.
- Used in serious contexts like news, reports, and social discussions.
- More formal than the common word 'गरीब' (gareeb).
Context is Key
Always consider the context when using 'निर्धन'. It's formal, so reserve it for situations where seriousness and empathy are required, such as in reports, formal speeches, or discussions about social issues. Avoid using it in casual chats where 'गरीब' is more appropriate.
Master the 'Dh' Sound
The 'dh' in 'निर्धन' is an aspirated dental 'd' sound (like 'th' in 'this' but with more air). Practice this sound to pronounce the word correctly and sound more natural.
Adjective vs. Noun
Remember that 'निर्धन' is an adjective describing a noun (e.g., निर्धन व्यक्ति - poor person). Its noun form is 'निर्धनता' (poverty). Ensure you use them in the correct grammatical role.
Visual Association
Create a mental image: picture someone with empty pockets and a sad expression, symbolizing 'Nir-Dhan' (no money). This visual link can help you recall the word and its meaning.
例文
हमें निर्धन लोगों की मदद करनी चाहिए।
関連コンテンツ
societyの関連語
आस्था
A2私は神に深い信仰を持っています。
आज़ादी
A2自由とは、自分の意志で行動できる状態のことです。
अहिंसा
A2アヒンサーは、インド哲学における「不殺生」や「非暴力」を意味します。
अजनबी
A2見知らぬ人。知らない人。
अमीर
A2Rich, wealthy.
अपराधी
B1『अपराधी』とは、犯罪を犯した人のことです。泥棒は『अपराधी』として特定され、逮捕されました。
अशिष्ट
B1Ashishtはヒンディー語で「失礼な」または「不作法な」という意味です。礼儀作法が欠けていることを表す正式な言葉です。
भगवान
A2God; a deity or supreme being.
भारत
A1南アジアの大きな国。
बेईमान
A2正直ではない、または不誠実な人。他人の信頼を裏切ることは不誠実な行為です。
