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परस्पर

B2 adverb #4,000 よく出る 10分で読める

परस्पर

paraspar 上位4,000

練習する例文メモとヒント परस्पर 30秒で

解説 परस्पर in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'Paraspar' is quite advanced. A1 learners usually focus on simple words like 'saath' (with) or 'aur' (and). However, you can think of 'Paraspar' as a special word for 'each other' that you might see in very formal signs or greetings. Imagine two friends shaking hands; that handshake is a 'mutual' action. While you don't need to use 'Paraspar' yet, knowing that it means 'two people doing something together equally' is a great start. In simple English, it's like saying 'we both.' Example: 'We both like each other' can be expressed formally using this word. For now, just remember it's a 'together' word for formal situations.

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For A2 learners, you are starting to build longer sentences. You might know 'ek-dusre ke saath' (with each other). 'Paraspar' is a more 'grown-up' version of that. You will see it in school books or on the news. It is used when two things happen at the same time and involve two sides. For example, if you and your friend help each other with a heavy box, that is 'mutual help.' In Hindi, we say 'Paraspar sahyog.' You can start recognizing this word in newspapers. It usually comes before a noun like 'help' (sahyog) or 'talk' (baat). It's a good word to know if you want to sound more polite and educated.

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At the B1 level, you should begin to understand the difference between casual and formal Hindi. While you might say 'aapas mein' when talking to friends, you should recognize 'Paraspar' as the better choice for a workplace or a formal essay. It means 'reciprocally.' It's very common in phrases like 'mutual understanding' (parasparik samajh). At this stage, you should be able to read a sentence with 'Paraspar' and understand that it describes a balanced relationship between two parties. You might not use it every day, but you should definitely know it when you see it in a contract or a formal letter. It helps you describe professional relationships accurately.

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As a B2 learner, 'Paraspar' should become part of your active formal vocabulary. You are expected to discuss complex topics like society, politics, and relationships. 'Paraspar' is perfect for this. It allows you to describe 'mutual benefit,' 'mutually contradictory ideas,' and 'reciprocal respect' with precision. You should be able to use it as an adverb to modify verbs and as an adjective to modify nouns. For example, in a debate, you might say 'Your arguments are mutually contradictory' (Aapke tark paraspar virodhi hain). This level of vocabulary shows that you can handle abstract concepts and professional discourse with ease. It's about choosing the right 'flavor' of the word 'mutual' for the right context.

At the C1 level, you should have a deep appreciation for the Sanskrit roots of 'Paraspar' and how it functions in high literature and legal Hindi. You should be able to distinguish it from even more formal terms like 'Anyony.' You'll use 'Paraspar' to navigate nuances in diplomatic language or philosophical texts. You should understand how it creates a sense of symmetry in a sentence. For instance, in literary analysis, you might discuss the 'paraspar aakarshan' (mutual attraction) between characters as a central theme. Your usage should be flawless, and you should be able to explain to others why 'Paraspar' is chosen over 'Aapas mein' in a specific legal or academic context to maintain the necessary gravitas.

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At the C2 level, 'Paraspar' is a tool for stylistic mastery. You use it not just for its meaning, but for the rhythm and tone it brings to your writing. You understand its historical evolution from Sanskrit and its role in the 'Shuddh Hindi' (Pure Hindi) movement. You can use it in complex constructions, such as describing the 'paraspar-vyavartak' (mutually exclusive) nature of certain philosophical categories. You are comfortable using it in spontaneous speeches on complex social issues, using the word to emphasize the interconnectedness of human existence. For you, 'Paraspar' is not just a word; it's a concept that represents the equilibrium of the universe and the reciprocity of all interactions.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

परस्पर 30秒で

Paraspar means 'mutually' or 'reciprocally' in Hindi.
It is a formal word used in legal, academic, and professional settings.
It comes from Sanskrit and is indeclinable (doesn't change form).
Common phrases include 'paraspar sahyog' (mutual cooperation) and 'paraspar virodhi' (mutually contradictory).

The Hindi word परस्पर (Paraspar) is a sophisticated adverb and adjective that translates to 'mutually,' 'reciprocally,' or 'with each other.' It is derived from Sanskrit, where 'para' means 'other,' and the repetition signifies the back-and-forth nature of an action or relationship. While in casual Hindi, people often use the phrase 'aapas mein' (among themselves), paraspar elevates the register to a more formal, literary, or academic level. It implies a balanced, two-way street where both parties are equally involved in the action. You will encounter this word frequently in news broadcasts, legal contracts, philosophical debates, and high-level literature discussing relationships or international diplomacy.

Linguistic Register: Formal, Literary, Academic. It is rarely used in street slang but is essential for professional communication.

Understanding paraspar requires grasping the concept of reciprocity. It isn't just about two people doing something; it is about the *mutual* nature of that action. For instance, if two countries help each other, it is paraspar sahyog (mutual cooperation). If two ideas contradict each other, they are paraspar virodhi (mutually contradictory). The word acts as a bridge, connecting two entities in a shared state or action.

दोनों देशों के बीच परस्पर सहमति बनी। (A mutual agreement was reached between the two countries.)

Common Contexts: International relations, legal documents, marital counseling, scientific interactions, and social philosophy.

In the context of social harmony, paraspar is a value. It suggests a society where individuals live in a state of reciprocal respect. In Hindi literature, it is often used to describe the deep, unspoken connection between characters. When you use this word, you signal to the listener that you have a refined command of the language and are discussing a topic with seriousness and precision.

सफलता के लिए परस्पर विश्वास आवश्यक है। (Mutual trust is necessary for success.)

Furthermore, the word is indeclinable (Avyaya) in most contexts, meaning it doesn't change its form based on the gender or number of the subjects involved. This makes it grammatically 'stable' and easy to insert into various sentence structures once you understand its placement—usually right before the noun it qualifies or the verb it describes.

उनकी बातें परस्पर विरोधी हैं। (Their statements are mutually contradictory.)

Emotional Nuance: It carries a sense of balance, equity, and shared responsibility. It is a 'fair' word.

हमें परस्पर प्रेम से रहना चाहिए। (We should live with mutual love.)

यह परस्पर लाभ का सौदा है। (This is a deal of mutual benefit.)

Using परस्पर correctly involves placing it as an adverb modifying an action or as an adjective modifying a noun that represents a relationship or exchange. Because it is a formal word, the sentences surrounding it should ideally maintain a certain level of grammatical correctness and vocabulary richness. It is most commonly paired with nouns like sahyog (cooperation), vishwaas (trust), sambandh (relationship), and virodh (opposition).

Adverbial Usage: When modifying a verb, it describes *how* the action is performed. Example: 'They are talking mutually' (pertaining to an exchange).

One of the most powerful ways to use paraspar is to describe conflict or contradiction. In logic and debate, paraspar virodhi is a standard term for 'mutually exclusive' or 'contradictory.' If someone says two things that cannot both be true, their statements are paraspar virodhi. This precision is what makes the word so valuable in intellectual discourse.

विज्ञान और अध्यात्म परस्पर विरोधी नहीं हैं। (Science and spirituality are not mutually contradictory.)

Adjectival Usage: When placed before a noun, it defines the quality of that noun. Example: 'Paraspar sahyog' (Mutual cooperation).

In social and political contexts, paraspar is used to describe the ideal state of affairs between groups. 'Paraspar samman' (mutual respect) is a phrase often used by leaders when discussing diplomacy or communal harmony. It suggests that respect is not a one-way demand but a shared obligation. Using this word in such a context shows a deep understanding of Indian social values.

समाज के विकास के लिए परस्पर सहायता अनिवार्य है। (Mutual help is mandatory for the development of society.)

For learners at the B2 level, the challenge is to move away from the basic 'ek-dusre' (each other) and start integrating paraspar into written work. If you are writing a letter to a business partner, you would say 'We hope for mutual benefit'—'Humein paraspar laabh ki aasha hai.' This sounds significantly more professional than using simpler phrasing.

दोनों पक्षों ने परस्पर वार्ता द्वारा समस्या सुलझाई। (Both parties solved the problem through mutual dialogue.)

Sentence Structure Tip: Place 'Paraspar' before the noun it modifies. If it's an adverb, place it before the verb or at the beginning of the predicate phrase.

उनका परस्पर जुड़ाव बहुत गहरा है। (Their mutual connection is very deep.)

न्यायालय ने परस्पर सहमति से तलाक की अनुमति दी। (The court allowed divorce by mutual consent.)

If you are walking through a busy market in Delhi or Mumbai, you might not hear परस्पर very often. People in everyday life prefer the colloquial 'aapas mein'. However, the moment you turn on the television news, pick up a Hindi newspaper like 'Dainik Jagran' or 'The Hindu' (Hindi edition), or enter a university lecture hall, paraspar becomes a staple of communication.

News & Media: Used to describe treaties, international conflicts, or collaborative projects. 'Parasparik sahyog' (mutual cooperation) is a buzzword in geopolitical reporting.

In the world of Bollywood, while the dialogues are mostly 'Hindustani' (a mix of Hindi and Urdu), paraspar appears in more poetic or dramatic scripts. A character might talk about their 'mutual destiny' or 'mutual suffering' in a high-stakes emotional scene. It adds a layer of gravity and philosophical depth that simpler words lack.

समाचार: भारत और रूस ने परस्पर रक्षा समझौतों पर हस्ताक्षर किए। (News: India and Russia signed mutual defense agreements.)

Academic Settings: In textbooks for sociology, psychology, or political science, 'paraspar' is used to define interactions between systems or individuals.

Legal proceedings in India are another place where this word shines. Since Indian legal Hindi is heavily influenced by Sanskrit, paraspar is the standard term for 'mutual.' Whether it is a 'mutual divorce' (parasparik sahmati se vivah-vichhed) or a 'mutual contract,' this word is indispensable for lawyers and judges.

प्रवचन: आत्मा और परमात्मा का परस्पर संबंध अटूट है। (Sermon: The mutual relationship between the soul and the Divine is unbreakable.)

You will also hear it in professional meetings. When a manager wants to emphasize teamwork, they might say, 'We need to work with paraspar vishwaas.' It sounds more authoritative and inspiring than just saying 'Trust each other.' It frames trust as a professional structural requirement rather than just a personal feeling.

Spiritual Discourse: Satsangs and philosophical talks use 'paraspar' to describe the unity of all living beings.

साहित्य: नायक और नायिका के बीच परस्पर आकर्षण स्पष्ट था। (Literature: The mutual attraction between the hero and heroine was evident.)

कानूनी दस्तावेज: यह समझौता परस्पर लाभ के सिद्धांतों पर आधारित है। (Legal Document: This agreement is based on the principles of mutual benefit.)

The most common mistake learners make with परस्पर is using it in too casual a setting. If you are telling a friend, 'Let's help each other with homework,' using paraspar will make you sound like a textbook or a 19th-century poet. In casual conversation, stick to 'ek-dusre ki' or 'aapas mein'. Reserve paraspar for formal writing, speeches, or professional environments.

Register Mismatch: Using 'Paraspar' while buying vegetables or chatting at a party. It feels overly stiff and formal.

Another error is confusing paraspar (the adverb/adjective) with parasparik (the purely adjectival form). While they are often interchangeable, parasparik is specifically used to modify nouns (e.g., parasparik sambandh), whereas paraspar can also function as an adverb modifying the entire sense of a sentence. Using 'parasparik' as an adverb is a common grammatical slip.

गलत: वे परस्परों बात कर रहे हैं। (Incorrect: They are talking 'mutuallys' - do not pluralize it.)

Grammatical Inflection: Learners often try to change the ending of 'Paraspar' to match gender. Remember, it is an 'Avyaya' (indeclinable). It stays 'Paraspar' regardless of the subject.

There is also the mistake of 'double reciprocity.' Some learners say 'ek-dusre ke paraspar'. This is redundant, like saying 'each other's mutual.' You should use either ek-dusre or paraspar, but not both in the same phrase to describe the same relationship. Choose the one that fits the tone of your conversation.

सही: हम परस्पर सहयोग करेंगे। (Correct: We will cooperate mutually.)

Finally, watch out for the pronunciation. Because it has many 'r' sounds and a 'p' sound, learners sometimes stumble over the syllables. It is 'Pa-ras-par'. Avoid adding extra vowels like 'Par-as-a-par'. Clear pronunciation is key to maintaining the formal dignity that this word carries.

Semantic Confusion: Do not confuse 'Paraspar' with 'Paramparik' (traditional). They look similar but have completely different meanings.

गलत: वे परस्परिक खेल रहे हैं। (Incorrect: They are playing mutually - usually 'Paraspar' describes interaction, not just shared activity.)

सही: उनके विचार परस्पर मिलते हैं। (Correct: Their thoughts meet mutually/align.)

To truly master परस्पर, you must know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. The most common alternative is 'aapas mein' (among/between themselves). While paraspar is formal and precise, aapas mein is warm, colloquial, and versatile. Another close relative is 'ek-dusre' (each other), which is the standard way to express reciprocity in daily speech.

Paraspar vs. Aapas mein: 'Paraspar' is like a tuxedo; 'Aapas mein' is like a comfortable t-shirt. Use the former for documents and the latter for family dinners.

Then there is 'anyony' (अन्योन्य), a very high-level Sanskritized word that also means mutual or reciprocal. You will almost exclusively find anyony in philosophical texts or advanced scientific Hindi. It is even more formal than paraspar. For a B2 learner, knowing paraspar is essential, but recognizing anyony is a sign of a C1/C2 level understanding.

विकल्प: हमें आपस में झगड़ना नहीं चाहिए। (Alternative: We should not fight among ourselves - more natural for daily talk.)

Paraspar vs. Ek-dusre: 'Ek-dusre' is a pronoun-based phrase, whereas 'Paraspar' functions more as a modifier. 'Ek-dusre' is used for physical actions ('They hit each other'), while 'Paraspar' is better for abstract concepts ('Mutual respect').

In terms of adjectives, 'parasparik' is the direct adjectival form. It is often used in terms like 'parasparik hit' (mutual interest). If you want to describe a relationship as 'reciprocal,' parasparik is your best bet. Another alternative is 'dvipakshiya' (bilateral), which is used specifically in political and legal contexts involving two parties or countries.

उच्च स्तर: अन्योन्य आश्रय (Mutual dependence - very high-level Hindi.)

For those looking to express 'contradiction,' 'vipariti' (opposite) can sometimes be used, but it lacks the 'reciprocal' sense of paraspar virodhi. When you want to say two things clash specifically *against each other*, stick with paraspar. It captures the dynamic tension between the two elements perfectly.

Register Comparison: 1. Aapas mein (Informal) 2. Ek-dusre (Neutral) 3. Paraspar (Formal) 4. Anyony (Very Formal/Literary).

व्यापार: द्विपक्षीय व्यापार समझौता (Bilateral trade agreement - a specific type of mutual deal.)

संबंध: उनका साझा उद्देश्य है। (Their shared objective - 'Sajha' implies commonality.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The structure of the word (repetition of 'para') is a linguistic technique called reduplication, common in ancient languages to emphasize relationship or intensity.

発音ガイド

UK /pə.ɾəs.pəɾ/

US /pə.rəs.pər/

The primary stress is on the second syllable 'ras'.

韻が合う語

अक्षर (Akshar) अवसर (Avsar) बंजर (Banjar) सादर (Saadar) चादर (Chaadar) बाहर (Baahar) भीतर (Bheetar) अंबर (Ambar)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'Para-sapar' (adding extra vowels).
Confusing the 'p' and 'b' sounds.
Not tapping the 'r' correctly.
Stressing the first syllable instead of the second.
Pronouncing 's' like 'sh'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in formal texts once learned.

ライティング 4/5

Requires understanding of formal register to use correctly.

スピーキング 4/5

Tongue-twister for some; requires practice with 'r' sounds.

リスニング 3/5

Distinct sound, easy to pick out in news or lectures.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

साथ आपस मदद बात विश्वास

次に学ぶ

पारस्परिक अन्योन्य सहमति विरोध पूरक

上級

व्यतिहार सापेक्षता अनिवार्यता संवाद विच्छेदन

知っておくべき文法

Avyaya (Indeclinables)

Words like 'Paraspar' do not change with gender or number.

Reciprocal Pronouns

Using 'Ek-dusre' vs 'Paraspar'.

Compound Nouns

How 'Paraspar' joins with nouns like 'Virodh' to form new concepts.

Formal Register

Choosing Sanskrit-origin words for professional contexts.

Adverbial Placement

Placing 'Paraspar' before the verb to modify the action.

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レベル別の例文

वे परस्पर बात करते हैं।

They talk to each other.

Paraspar is used here as an adverb.

परस्पर प्रेम अच्छा है।

Mutual love is good.

Paraspar acts as an adjective for 'Prem'.

हमें परस्पर मदद करनी चाहिए।

We should help each other.

Formal way to say 'help each other'.

उनका परस्पर आदर है।

They have mutual respect.

A noun-based sentence.

यह परस्पर खेल है।

This is a mutual game.

Simple adjectival use.

वे परस्पर हँसते हैं।

They laugh with each other.

Describing a shared action.

परस्पर शांति रखें।

Keep mutual peace.

Imperative sentence.

दो मित्र परस्पर मिले।

Two friends met each other.

Past tense usage.

दोनों देशों में परस्पर व्यापार होता है।

Mutual trade happens between both countries.

Focus on trade context.

परस्पर सहयोग से काम आसान होता है।

Work becomes easy with mutual cooperation.

Using 'se' (with) with a noun phrase.

हमें परस्पर विश्वास बढ़ाना होगा।

We will have to increase mutual trust.

Future tense with 'hoga'.

उनकी बातें परस्पर विरोधी नहीं हैं।

Their words are not mutually contradictory.

Negative sentence structure.

परस्पर बातचीत से समस्या हल होगी।

The problem will be solved through mutual conversation.

Instrumental use of 'baatchit'.

वे परस्पर एक-दूसरे का सम्मान करते हैं।

They mutually respect each other.

Slightly redundant but common for emphasis.

परस्पर सहमति आवश्यक है।

Mutual consent is necessary.

Adjective + Noun + Adjective.

हम परस्पर लाभ के लिए काम करते हैं।

We work for mutual benefit.

Using 'ke liye' (for).

सफल विवाह के लिए परस्पर समझ बहुत जरूरी है।

Mutual understanding is very important for a successful marriage.

Complex sentence with multiple clauses.

दोनों कंपनियों ने परस्पर विलय का निर्णय लिया।

Both companies decided on a mutual merger.

Business terminology.

हमें परस्पर भेदभाव मिटाना चाहिए।

We should erase mutual discrimination.

Social justice context.

उनका परस्पर जुड़ाव काफी पुराना है।

Their mutual connection is quite old.

Describing a state of being.

परस्पर चर्चा के बाद ही फैसला होगा।

The decision will be made only after mutual discussion.

Using 'ke baad' (after).

वे परस्पर एक ही लक्ष्य की ओर बढ़ रहे हैं।

They are mutually moving towards the same goal.

Describing shared direction.

परस्पर विरोधी दावों की जाँच की जा रही है।

Mutually contradictory claims are being investigated.

Passive voice 'ki ja rahi hai'.

यह परस्पर निर्भरता का युग है।

This is the era of mutual interdependence.

Abstract noun 'nirbharta'.

लोकतंत्र में परस्पर विरोधी विचारों का सम्मान होना चाहिए।

In a democracy, mutually opposing views should be respected.

Political context.

वैज्ञानिकों ने परस्पर सहयोग से नई दवा खोजी।

Scientists discovered a new medicine through mutual cooperation.

Academic/Scientific context.

परस्पर लाभ के सिद्धांतों पर यह संधि आधारित है।

This treaty is based on the principles of mutual benefit.

Legal/Diplomatic register.

उनकी गवाही परस्पर मेल नहीं खाती।

Their testimonies do not mutually match/align.

Idiomatic 'mel khana' with paraspar.

परस्पर सद्भाव समाज की नींव है।

Mutual harmony is the foundation of society.

Philosophical statement.

दोनों पक्षों ने परस्पर सहमति से समझौता किया।

Both sides reached an agreement by mutual consent.

Legal phraseology.

यह एक परस्पर संवादात्मक प्रक्रिया है।

This is a mutually interactive process.

Technical adjective 'sanvadatmak'.

परस्पर विश्वास की कमी के कारण युद्ध हुआ।

The war happened due to a lack of mutual trust.

Causal sentence structure.

साहित्य में प्रकृति और मनुष्य का परस्पर संबंध दर्शाया गया है।

In literature, the mutual relationship between nature and man is depicted.

Literary analysis.

आर्थिक विकास और पर्यावरण संरक्षण परस्पर पूरक होने चाहिए।

Economic development and environmental protection should be mutually complementary.

High-level policy discussion.

न्यायालय ने परस्पर विरोधी साक्ष्यों को खारिज कर दिया।

The court dismissed the mutually contradictory evidence.

Legal 'sakshya' (evidence).

उनकी विचारधाराएँ परस्पर टकराती हैं।

Their ideologies mutually clash.

Abstract verbal usage.

परस्पर निर्भरता ही वैश्विक शांति का मार्ग है।

Mutual interdependence is the only path to global peace.

Philosophical/Globalist tone.

परस्पर विनिमय की यह प्रणाली अत्यंत प्राचीन है।

This system of mutual exchange is extremely ancient.

Historical/Economic context.

लेखक ने परस्पर विरोधी भावनाओं का सुंदर चित्रण किया है।

The author has beautifully portrayed mutually contradictory emotions.

Critique vocabulary.

परस्पर सम्मान की संस्कृति को बढ़ावा देना अनिवार्य है।

It is mandatory to promote a culture of mutual respect.

Institutional/Formal tone.

ब्रह्मांड की समस्त वस्तुएँ परस्पर गुरुत्वाकर्षण से बँधी हैं।

All objects in the universe are bound by mutual gravitation.

Scientific/Cosmological usage.

परस्पर-व्यावर्तक श्रेणियों का विश्लेषण दार्शनिक दृष्टि से आवश्यक है।

Analysis of mutually exclusive categories is philosophically necessary.

Highly academic 'paraspar-vyavartak'.

उनकी कविताओं में विरह और मिलन का परस्पर द्वंद्व झलकता है।

In his poems, the mutual conflict of separation and union is reflected.

Literary 'dwandwa' (conflict).

परस्पर हितसाधन ही कूटनीति का मूल मंत्र है।

Mutual interest-seeking is the core mantra of diplomacy.

Sanskritized 'hitsadhan'.

समाज की संरचना परस्पर क्रियाओं का ही परिणाम है।

The structure of society is the result of mutual interactions.

Sociological theory.

परस्पर संव्याप्ति के सिद्धांतों को समझना कठिन है।

It is difficult to understand the principles of mutual overlapping/pervasion.

Technical 'sanvyapti'.

अद्वैत दर्शन में ज्ञाता और ज्ञेय का परस्पर अभेद बताया गया है।

In Advaita philosophy, the mutual non-difference between the knower and the known is stated.

Theological/Philosophical.

परस्पर विनाश की आशंका ने ही परमाणु निशस्त्रीकरण को जन्म दिया।

The fear of mutual destruction gave birth to nuclear disarmament.

Historical/Political analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

परस्पर सहयोग

परस्पर विरोधी

परस्पर सहमति

परस्पर विश्वास

परस्पर लाभ

परस्पर बातचीत

परस्पर संबंध

परस्पर सम्मान

परस्पर निर्भरता

परस्पर आकर्षण

よく使うフレーズ

परस्पर विरोधी बातें

— Statements that contradict each other.

नेता परस्पर विरोधी बातें कर रहे हैं।

परस्पर हित

— Mutual interest or benefit.

हमें परस्पर हित का ध्यान रखना चाहिए।

परस्पर मेल

— Mutual alignment or agreement.

उनके विचारों में परस्पर मेल नहीं है।

परस्पर व्यवहार

— Mutual conduct or behavior towards each other.

उनका परस्पर व्यवहार बहुत सभ्य है।

परस्पर जुड़ाव

— Mutual connection or link.

इतिहास और भूगोल का परस्पर जुड़ाव है।

परस्पर सहमति से तलाक

— Mutual consent divorce (legal term).

उन्होंने परस्पर सहमति से तलाक लिया।

परस्पर लाभप्रद

— Mutually beneficial.

यह योजना परस्पर लाभप्रद है।

परस्पर पूरक

— Mutually complementary.

पति-पत्नी परस्पर पूरक होते हैं।

परस्पर आदर

— Mutual respect.

परस्पर आदर से शांति बनी रहती है।

परस्पर संवाद

— Mutual dialogue.

परस्पर संवाद ही लोकतंत्र की जान है।

よく混同される語

परस्पर vs परंपरा (Parampara)

Means 'tradition'. It sounds similar but refers to history, not reciprocity.

परस्पर vs परसों (Parson)

Means 'day before yesterday' or 'day after tomorrow'. Only the first syllable is similar.

परस्पर vs परस्पर (Paraspar) vs पारस्परिक (Parasparik)

Paraspar is mostly an adverb/modifier; Parasparik is strictly an adjective.

慣用句と表現

"परस्पर विरोधी होना"

— To be at loggerheads or completely opposite.

उनकी नीतियाँ परस्पर विरोधी हैं।

Formal

"परस्पर मेल खाना"

— To be in sync or agree perfectly.

दोनों कहानियाँ परस्पर मेल खाती हैं।

Neutral

"परस्पर बँधे होना"

— To be mutually bound or interdependent.

हम सब परस्पर बँधे हुए हैं।

Literary

"परस्पर पूरक होना"

— To complete each other.

ज्ञान और कर्म परस्पर पूरक हैं।

Philosophical

"परस्पर टकराना"

— To clash (ideologically).

दो संस्कृतियाँ यहाँ परस्पर टकराती हैं।

Academic

"परस्पर सहमति जताना"

— To express mutual agreement.

दोनों ने परस्पर सहमति जताई।

Formal

"परस्पर विश्वास जीतना"

— To win mutual trust.

हमें परस्पर विश्वास जीतना होगा।

Neutral

"परस्पर दूरी बनाना"

— To create mutual distance (metaphorical).

गलतफहमी से परस्पर दूरी बढ़ गई।

Literary

"परस्पर जुड़ा होना"

— To be interconnected.

सभी घटनाएँ परस्पर जुड़ी हैं।

Neutral

"परस्पर निर्भर होना"

— To be mutually dependent.

प्रकृति और मानव परस्पर निर्भर हैं।

Academic

間違えやすい

परस्पर vs पारस्परिक

Almost identical meaning.

Parasparik is used specifically as an adjective (e.g., Parasparik sambandh). Paraspar is more flexible.

यह हमारा पारस्परिक निर्णय है।

परस्पर vs आपस

Both mean 'mutual'.

Aapas is informal and usually requires postpositions (aapas mein). Paraspar is formal and often stands alone.

आपस में बात करो।

परस्पर vs अन्योन्य

Synonym for mutual.

Anyony is much more formal and rare, used in philosophy.

अन्योन्य आश्रय।

परस्पर vs सहयोग

Often used together.

Sahyog is 'cooperation' (the action); Paraspar is 'mutual' (how it is done).

परस्पर सहयोग।

परस्पर vs साझा

Means shared.

Sajha implies a common asset or goal; Paraspar implies a two-way interaction.

साझा बैंक खाता (Shared bank account).

文型パターン

वे [परस्पर] [Verb] हैं।

वे परस्पर हँसते हैं।

[परस्पर] [Noun] [Adjective] है।

परस्पर सहयोग अच्छा है।

[Noun] के लिए [परस्पर] [Noun] चाहिए।

शांति के लिए परस्पर विश्वास चाहिए।

दोनों [Noun] में [परस्पर] [Noun] है।

दोनों देशों में परस्पर व्यापार है।

[Noun] और [Noun] [परस्पर] [Adjective] हैं।

विचार और कर्म परस्पर पूरक हैं।

[परस्पर] [Noun] ही [Noun] का आधार है।

परस्पर निर्भरता ही वैश्विक शांति का आधार है।

[Subject] ने [परस्पर] [Noun] से [Verb] किया।

उन्होंने परस्पर सहमति से समझौता किया।

[Noun] में [परस्पर] [Noun] झलकता है।

कविताओं में परस्पर द्वंद्व झलकता है।

語族

名詞

पारस्परिकता (Parasparikta - Mutuality/Reciprocity)

形容詞

पारस्परिक (Parasparik - Mutual/Reciprocal)

使い方

frequency

High in formal contexts; Low in street slang.

よくある間違い

Using 'Paraspar' for 'Together' in a physical sense. → Using 'Saath-saath' or 'Milkar'.
You don't say 'We walked paraspar'. You say 'We walked together'. Paraspar is for interaction or relationship.
Saying 'Ek-dusre ke paraspar'. → Use one or the other.
This is redundant. It's like saying 'each other's mutual'.
Pluralizing the word (Parasparon). → Paraspar
As an indeclinable, it never takes a plural form.
Using it in very informal slang. → Aapas mein
It sounds robotic or overly formal in a casual setting.
Confusing it with 'Parampara'. → Paraspar
Parampara means tradition; Paraspar means mutual. They are not related.

ヒント

Don't Inflect

Never say 'Paraspari' or 'Parasparon'. The word is indeclinable. It remains 'Paraspar' in every sentence structure.

Pairing

If you are stuck, pair it with 'Sahyog' (Cooperation). It is the most common and safest collocation for a learner.

Elevate Your Tone

Use 'Paraspar' when writing a formal application or a letter to an official. it shows you respect the formal standards of Hindi.

The 'R' sound

Ensure the final 'r' is audible but soft. Don't let it drop off, or the word might sound like 'Paraspa'.

Global Issues

When discussing global warming or world peace, 'Paraspar' is the go-to word for describing international relations.

Identify in News

Scan a Hindi newspaper for 'परस्पर'. You will almost always find it in the political or international news section.

Symmetry

Think of the word 'Symmetry'. Paraspar is the linguistic representation of social or conceptual symmetry.

Consent

Remember 'Paraspar Sahmati' means 'Mutual Consent'. This is vital for understanding legal news in Hindi.

Essays

In argumentative essays, use 'परस्पर विरोधी' to point out flaws in an opposing argument.

Harmony

Use 'परस्पर सद्भाव' (Mutual harmony) when talking about religious or cultural unity in India.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of two 'Paras' (Parrots) talking to each other. Para + Para = Paraspar. They are talking mutually!

視覚的連想

Imagine two gears interlocking perfectly. They are 'Paraspar'—each one moves because of the other.

Word Web

Mutual Reciprocal Together Each other Cooperation Agreement Contradiction Interdependent

チャレンジ

Try to write a three-sentence paragraph about a partnership using 'Paraspar' at least twice.

語源

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'परस्पर' (paraspara). It is a compound of 'para' (other) and 'para' (other).

元の意味： One to another; each other; mutual.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)

文化的な背景

There are no major sensitivities, but using it in very informal or slang-heavy contexts might make you sound pretentious or out of touch.

English speakers might find 'Paraspar' similar to the formal use of 'reciprocal' in legal or academic texts. It lacks a direct one-word informal equivalent that isn't a phrase like 'each other'.

The Jain motto: 'Parasparopagraho Jivanam' (Souls render service to one another). Commonly heard in Doordarshan (National TV) news broadcasts. Used in the Hindi translation of the UN Charter.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Legal Agreements

परस्पर सहमति (Mutual consent)
परस्पर दायित्व (Mutual liability)
परस्पर लाभ (Mutual benefit)
परस्पर विलेख (Mutual deed)

Academic Writing

परस्पर संबंध (Mutual relationship)
परस्पर प्रभाव (Mutual effect)
परस्पर विरोधी सिद्धांत (Mutually contradictory theories)
परस्पर निर्भरता (Interdependence)

Diplomacy

परस्पर सहयोग (Mutual cooperation)
परस्पर सम्मान (Mutual respect)
परस्पर विश्वास (Mutual trust)
परस्पर हित (Mutual interest)

Relationships

परस्पर समझ (Mutual understanding)
परस्पर प्रेम (Mutual love)
परस्पर आकर्षण (Mutual attraction)
परस्पर आदर (Mutual respect)

Science

परस्पर क्रिया (Interaction)
परस्पर जुड़ाव (Mutual connection)
परस्पर बल (Mutual force)
परस्पर विनिमय (Mutual exchange)

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आपको लगता है कि परस्पर विश्वास के बिना व्यापार संभव है?"

"दोनों देशों के बीच परस्पर सहयोग कैसे बढ़ाया जा सकता है?"

"क्या विज्ञान और धर्म परस्पर विरोधी हैं?"

"सफल टीम के लिए परस्पर समझ क्यों जरूरी है?"

"क्या परस्पर निर्भरता हमें कमजोर बनाती है या मजबूत?"

日記のテーマ

आज मैंने किसी के साथ परस्पर सहयोग का अनुभव किया...

मेरे जीवन में परस्पर सम्मान का क्या महत्व है?

दो परस्पर विरोधी विचारों के बीच संतुलन कैसे बनाएँ?

एक ऐसी घटना लिखें जहाँ परस्पर बातचीत से समस्या हल हुई।

क्या हमारे समाज में परस्पर सद्भाव की कमी है? अपने विचार लिखें।

よくある質問

10 問

You can, but it will sound very formal. It's like saying 'We have a reciprocal agreement' instead of 'We're cool'. Better to use 'aapas mein'.

Neither. It is an adverb or an adjective. It modifies how an action is done or describes a noun.

No. It is an 'Avyaya' (indeclinable word), so it stays the same for male, female, singular, and plural.

The closest equivalent is 'Reciprocal' or 'Mutual'.

Rarely. Songwriters prefer simpler words like 'Aapas' or 'Hum-tum' to keep the lyrics relatable.

The formal term is 'परस्पर-व्यावर्तक' (Paraspar-Vyavartak) or 'परस्पर विरोधी' (Paraspar Virodhi).

It is grammatically okay but redundant. Usually, 'Paraspar' alone is enough to convey the meaning.

Yes, it is a 'Tatsam' word, meaning it is taken directly from Sanskrit into Hindi without changes.

In newspaper headlines, legal documents, and academic textbooks.

The opposite is 'Ek-tarfa' (one-sided) or 'Vyaktigat' (individual).

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