A1 形容詞 1 min read かんたん

Accusative Adjective Agreement

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

When an adjective describes a direct object, it must match the noun's gender and the accusative case ending.

  • Masculine inanimate nouns: Adjective stays the same as Nominative (e.g., 'novi auto').
  • Feminine nouns: Change -a to -u (e.g., 'lijepu kuću').
  • Neuter nouns: Adjective stays the same as Nominative (e.g., 'veliko selo').
Subject + Verb + [Adjective + Noun] (Accusative)

Accusative Adjective Endings

Gender Nominative Accusative
Masculine (Inanimate)
novi
novi
Masculine (Animate)
novi
novog
Feminine
nova
novu
Neuter
novo
novo

Meanings

This rule dictates how adjectives change their endings when they modify a noun that is the direct object of a verb.

1

Direct Object Modification

Used when the noun is the receiver of the action.

“Kupujem novi auto.”

“Trebam hladnu vodu.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Accusative Adjective Agreement
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subj + Verb + Adj-u + Noun-u
Vidim lijepu kuću.
Negative
Subj + ne + Verb + Adj-u + Noun-u
Ne vidim lijepu kuću.
Question
Vidim li + Adj-u + Noun-u?
Vidim li lijepu kuću?
Animate
Subj + Verb + Adj-og + Noun-a
Vidim dobrog psa.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Želio bih hladno pivo.

Želio bih hladno pivo. (Ordering at a bar)

ニュートラル
Želim hladno pivo.

Želim hladno pivo. (Ordering at a bar)

カジュアル
Hoću hladno pivo.

Hoću hladno pivo. (Ordering at a bar)

スラング
Daj mi hladnu pivu.

Daj mi hladnu pivu. (Ordering at a bar)

Accusative Case Flow

Accusative Case

Feminine

  • -u ending

Masculine Animate

  • -og ending

レベル別の例文

1

Imam novi auto.

I have a new car.

2

Vidim lijepu kuću.

I see a beautiful house.

3

Želim hladnu vodu.

I want cold water.

4

Trebam crnu kavu.

I need black coffee.

1

Kupujem veliku torbu.

I am buying a big bag.

2

Tražim dobru knjigu.

I am looking for a good book.

3

Vidim malog psa.

I see a small dog.

4

Pijem vruću čaj.

I am drinking hot tea.

1

Čitam zanimljivu priču.

I am reading an interesting story.

2

Vidim starog prijatelja.

I see an old friend.

3

Tražim novu priliku.

I am looking for a new opportunity.

4

Kupujem skupu kartu.

I am buying an expensive ticket.

1

Očekujem brzu reakciju.

I expect a quick reaction.

2

Vidim visoku zgradu.

I see a tall building.

3

Tražim iskrenog čovjeka.

I am looking for an honest man.

4

Pijem hladnu limunadu.

I am drinking cold lemonade.

1

Cijenim tvoju iskrenu namjeru.

I appreciate your honest intention.

2

Tražim savršenu harmoniju.

I am looking for perfect harmony.

3

Vidim nepoznatu osobu.

I see an unknown person.

4

Kupujem rijetku knjigu.

I am buying a rare book.

1

Tražim duboku mudrost.

I am seeking deep wisdom.

2

Vidim vječnu ljepotu.

I see eternal beauty.

3

Očekujem poštenu igru.

I expect fair play.

4

Cijenim veliku žrtvu.

I appreciate the great sacrifice.

間違えやすい

Accusative Adjective Agreement 対 Nominative vs Accusative

Both can look the same.

Accusative Adjective Agreement 対 Animate vs Inanimate Masculine

Animate adds -og.

Accusative Adjective Agreement 対 Feminine vs Neuter

Both end in vowels.

よくある間違い

✗

Vidim lijepa kuća

✓

Vidim lijepu kuću

Feminine objects need -u.
✗

Kupujem novi auto

✓

Kupujem novi auto

Inanimate masculine is same as nominative.
✗

Vidim dobar pas

✓

Vidim dobrog psa

Animate masculine needs -og.
✗

Pijem hladna voda

✓

Pijem hladnu vodu

Feminine object error.
✗

Tražim dobra knjiga

✓

Tražim dobru knjigu

Feminine object error.
✗

Vidim malog auto

✓

Vidim mali auto

Auto is inanimate.
✗

Kupujem velika torba

✓

Kupujem veliku torbu

Feminine object error.
✗

Čitam zanimljiva priča

✓

Čitam zanimljivu priču

Feminine object error.
✗

Vidim starog prijatelj

✓

Vidim starog prijatelja

Noun also needs to change.
✗

Tražim nova prilika

✓

Tražim novu priliku

Feminine object error.
✗

Cijenim tvoja iskrena namjera

✓

Cijenim tvoju iskrenu namjeru

Complex feminine agreement.
✗

Tražim savršena harmonija

✓

Tražim savršenu harmoniju

Feminine object error.
✗

Vidim nepoznata osoba

✓

Vidim nepoznatu osobu

Feminine object error.

文型パターン

Vidim ___ ___.

Kupujem ___ ___.

Tražim ___ ___.

Očekujem ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Želim hladnu kavu.

Shopping very common

Kupujem novi auto.

Social media common

Vidim lijepu sliku!

Job interview occasional

Očekujem dobru priliku.

Travel common

Tražim jeftinu kartu.

Texting constant

Vidim super film.

💡

Check the gender

Always identify the noun's gender first.
⚠️

Animate masculine

Don't forget the -og ending for people.
🎯

Feminine is key

The -u ending is your best friend.
💬

Casual speech

In some regions, endings might be dropped.

Smart Tips

Add -u to the adjective.

Vidim lijepa kuća. → Vidim lijepu kuću.

Use -og ending.

Vidim dobar prijatelj. → Vidim dobrog prijatelja.

Keep it nominative.

Vidim novog auto. → Vidim novi auto.

Keep it nominative.

Vidim veliku selo. → Vidim veliko selo.

発音

u

Vowel length

The -u ending is short.

Statement

Vidim lijepu kuću. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Feminine objects love the letter U, like a U-turn back to the verb.

視覚的連想

Imagine a woman (Feminine) holding a giant letter U (the ending) while she is being watched (the object).

Rhyme

For the object, keep it true, feminine ends in -u.

Story

Ana is buying a house. She walks into the store. She points at the house. 'Vidim lijepu kuću!' she shouts. The house is the object, so it gets the -u.

Word Web

lijepunovudobruvelikumalucrnu

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences about things you see in your room using the accusative case.

文化メモ

Often drops endings in casual speech.

Standard usage is strictly followed.

Very clear pronunciation of endings.

Derived from Proto-Slavic case systems.

会話のきっかけ

“

Što vidiš?

“

Što kupuješ?

“

Tražiš li novu knjigu?

“

Što očekuješ od života?

日記のテーマ

Describe your room.
What did you buy today?
What are you looking for in a friend?
Describe your ideal day.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Vidim lijepu ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kuću
Feminine object.
Choose the correct adjective. 選択問題

Kupujem ___ auto.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: novi
Inanimate masculine.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vidim dobar pas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vidim dobrog psa.
Animate masculine.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

lijepu / vidim / kuću

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vidim lijepu kuću.
Standard order.
Match the adjective to the noun. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Feminine: -u
Correct match.
Fill in the blank.

Tražim ___ knjigu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dobru
Feminine object.
Choose the correct form. 選択問題

Očekujem ___ reakciju.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: brzu
Feminine object.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Pijem hladna voda.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pijem hladnu vodu.
Feminine object.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Vidim lijepu ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kuću
Feminine object.
Choose the correct adjective. 選択問題

Kupujem ___ auto.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: novi
Inanimate masculine.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vidim dobar pas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vidim dobrog psa.
Animate masculine.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

lijepu / vidim / kuću

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vidim lijepu kuću.
Standard order.
Match the adjective to the noun. Match Pairs

Match gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Feminine: -u
Correct match.
Fill in the blank.

Tražim ___ knjigu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dobru
Feminine object.
Choose the correct form. 選択問題

Očekujem ___ reakciju.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: brzu
Feminine object.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Pijem hladna voda.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pijem hladnu vodu.
Feminine object.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

To show the noun is the object.

No, only feminine and animate masculine.

Plural has different rules.

Yes, all the time.

Using nominative for feminine objects.

German changes articles.

It is used in all registers.

Use the -u rhyme.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

German moderate

Akkusativ

German changes the article, Croatian changes the adjective.

French low

Direct Object

French relies on syntax, Croatian on morphology.

Spanish low

Objeto Directo

Spanish uses prepositions, Croatian uses suffixes.

Japanese low

O-particle

Japanese particles are separate words.

Arabic moderate

Mansub

Arabic uses diacritics.

Chinese none

SVO order

Chinese has no inflection.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Accusative Endings for Neuter Nouns
Next
Prepositions Governing Accusative (u, na, kroz, za)

Related Grammar Rules

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Adjectives of Origin (e.g., hrvatski)
A1

Using Demonstratives as Adjectives
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Declension of Adjectives (All Genders)
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Nominative Case for Adjectives: Agreement with Nouns
A1

Nominative Plural Endings for Adjectives
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