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B2 noun #4,000 よく出る 10分で読める

상반기

上位4,000

練習する例文メモとヒント 상반기 30秒で

解説 상반기 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that '상반기' means the first half of the year (January to June). Think of it as a big container for the first six months. You might use it in very simple sentences like 'The first half is busy' or 'I study in the first half.' It is a formal way to say 'the beginning part of the year.' You will see this word on calendars or in news headlines. Even if you don't use it yourself yet, recognizing it will help you understand when things are happening in Korea. It is pronounced 'sang-ban-gi.' The 'sang' means 'top' or 'first,' 'ban' means 'half,' and 'gi' means 'period.' Together, they mean the first half period of the year.

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At the A2 level, you can start using '상반기' to talk about your plans or simple facts. For example, you can say 'I will go to Korea in the first half of next year' (내년 상반기에 한국에 갈 거예요). You should also learn its opposite, '하반기' (the second half). Knowing these two words helps you divide the year into two parts, which is very common in Korean culture. You might hear your teacher talk about the '상반기' schedule. It is often used with the time particle '-에'. Try to remember that it specifically means Jan-June, not just 'any' first half of a period. It's a useful noun for basic planning and understanding simple announcements about sales or events.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '상반기' in more detailed conversations, especially about work or school. You will notice it used in compound nouns like '상반기 계획' (first-half plan) or '상반기 목표' (first-half goal). At this level, you can explain what you did during the first six months of the year using this word. You should also be able to distinguish it from '1학기' (first semester), which is for school. If you are looking for a job in Korea, you will see '상반기 채용' (first-half hiring) everywhere. It is a key word for intermediate learners because it appears frequently in news reports and office environments. You can use it to structure your speaking by comparing the first half and the second half of the year.

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At the B2 level, '상반기' is a word you should use naturally in professional and academic settings. You should understand its nuance in business contexts, such as '상반기 실적' (first-half performance/results) and '상반기 결산' (first-half financial settlement). You can use it to analyze trends, such as '상반기 경제 성장률' (economic growth rate in the first half). At this level, you should also know synonyms like '전반기' and understand when '상반기' is the more appropriate choice (usually for calendar years). You can use it in complex sentences with various particles and connectors to discuss socio-economic issues or corporate strategies. It's a standard term for anyone operating in a Korean-speaking professional environment.

At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of '상반기' and its role in formal discourse. You can use it to discuss macro-economic trends, government policies, and historical data. For example, you might analyze how '상반기 물가 지수' (consumer price index for the first half) affects the '하반기 금리' (interest rates in the second half). You understand the subtle differences between '상반기' and more specific terms like '1분기' (Q1) or '연초' (beginning of the year). You can read and write formal reports that use '상반기' as a key temporal marker. Your usage is precise, and you can handle the word in high-level debates or presentations about business cycles or national statistics without hesitation.

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At the C2 level, '상반기' is a simple but essential tool in your near-native vocabulary. You use it effortlessly in all registers, from highly technical financial analysis to casual social commentary. You can discuss the nuances of how the '상반기' cycle influences Korean society, such as the '상반기 공채' culture and its impact on the youth labor market. You are capable of synthesizing information from various '상반기' reports to form a comprehensive view of a situation. Whether you are writing a thesis on economic history or delivering a keynote speech at a corporate gala, '상반기' is used with perfect accuracy and stylistic appropriateness, reflecting your mastery of Korean time-related terminology.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

상반기 30秒で

Refers to the period from January to June.
Formed from Hanja: 上 (First) + 半 (Half) + 期 (Period).
Essential for business, school, and government contexts.
Commonly contrasted with 하반기 (July to December).

The word 상반기 (Sang-ban-gi) is a fundamental term in the Korean language used to divide the calendar year into two distinct segments. Etymologically, it is composed of three Hanja characters: 上 (상 - up/first), 半 (반 - half), and 期 (기 - period). Literally translated, it means the 'upper half period,' referring specifically to the first six months of the year, spanning from January 1st to June 30th. This term is indispensable in professional, academic, and administrative contexts in South Korea, where planning and reporting are strictly categorized by these six-month blocks.

Business Context: In the corporate world, 상반기 is the standard unit for financial reporting, performance reviews, and recruitment cycles. Large conglomerates like Samsung or Hyundai often announce '상반기 공채' (first-half open recruitment), which is a massive event for job seekers.
Personal Planning: Individuals use this term when discussing long-term goals or reflecting on the year. You might hear someone say they want to lose weight or learn a new skill within the 상반기.

올해 상반기 실적이 작년보다 훨씬 좋습니다. (The performance in the first half of this year is much better than last year.)

Understanding 상반기 is crucial because Korean society operates on a highly structured temporal rhythm. While Westerners might simply say 'the first half of the year,' Koreans use this specific noun as a standalone category. It is often contrasted with its counterpart, 하반기 (ha-ban-gi), which covers July to December. In news headlines, you will frequently see '상반기 경제 전망' (Economic outlook for the first half), highlighting how the term serves as a lens through which the nation views progress and trends.

상반기 결산을 하느라 팀원들이 모두 바쁩니다. (All team members are busy doing the first-half settlement.)

Furthermore, the term extends into the cultural fabric of Korea. For instance, the '상반기' is often seen as a period of new beginnings and high energy, as it includes the start of the school year in March. Unlike the US where the school year starts in August/September, the Korean academic '상반기' aligns closely with the start of the first semester (1학기). This alignment makes the term even more prominent in the lives of students and parents alike. Whether it is a government policy being implemented or a new movie being released, '상반기' provides a clear, professional timeframe that everyone understands instantly.

Statistical Use: Government agencies like the Bank of Korea release '상반기 물가 상승률' (Inflation rate for the first half) to provide a macro-economic snapshot.

정부는 상반기 내에 새로운 정책을 시행할 예정입니다. (The government plans to implement the new policy within the first half of the year.)

이번 상반기에는 해외 여행객이 급증했습니다. (The number of overseas travelers surged in the first half of this year.)

Using 상반기 correctly requires understanding its role as a time-denoting noun. It frequently appears with particles like -에 (at/in), -의 (possessive), or -내에 (within). Because it is a formal and semi-formal term, it is rarely used in very casual slang, though it is common in everyday adult conversation. When you use it, you are effectively setting a broad but specific timeframe that encompasses the first six months of the Gregorian calendar.

As a Subject: 상반기가 벌써 다 지나갔어요. (The first half of the year has already passed.) Here, '상반기' is the subject performing the action of passing.
As a Time Adverbial: 상반기에 자격증을 딸 계획이에요. (I plan to get a certificate in the first half of the year.) The particle '-에' indicates the time during which the action occurs.

상반기 동안 고생 많으셨습니다. (You have worked hard during the first half of the year.)

One of the most common ways to see this word used is in compound noun phrases. In Korean, nouns can often be strung together to create more specific meanings without needing a possessive particle. For example, 상반기 실적 (first-half results), 상반기 매출 (first-half sales), and 상반기 목표 (first-half goals). This structure is very common in office environments and professional writing. Using the possessive particle '-의' (상반기의 실적) is also grammatically correct but slightly more formal or emphatic.

저희 회사는 상반기 공채를 진행하고 있습니다. (Our company is conducting first-half open recruitment.)

To contrast with the second half of the year, speakers often use the structure '상반기에는 ... 하반기에는 ...'. This creates a balanced sentence that compares the two halves of the year. For instance: '상반기에는 바빴지만 하반기에는 좀 여유가 생길 것 같아요' (I was busy in the first half, but I think I will have some free time in the second half). This comparative usage is a great way to sound more natural and organized in your Korean speech.

In Titles/Reports: [보고서] 2023년 상반기 시장 동향 분석 ([Report] Analysis of Market Trends in the First Half of 2023).

상반기 마무리 잘 하세요! (Finish the first half of the year well! - A common greeting in late June.)

If you live in Korea or watch Korean media, 상반기 is a word you will encounter daily, especially during certain times of the year like late December (looking forward) or June (looking back). It is a staple of news broadcasting, financial shows, and corporate life. However, its reach extends beyond just the 'boring' stuff; it is also heavily used in the entertainment industry and social planning.

News and Media: News anchors will say things like '올해 상반기 수출액이 역대 최고를 기록했습니다' (Export volume in the first half of this year reached an all-time high). It is the standard unit for reporting statistics.
K-Pop and Entertainment: Music programs like 'Music Bank' or 'M Countdown' often have '상반기 결산' (First-half wrap-up) specials in late June, where they perform the most popular songs from the first six months of the year.

이번 상반기 최고의 히트곡은 무엇일까요? (What is the best hit song of the first half of this year?)

In the workplace, the word is unavoidable. During the months of January and February, managers will talk about '상반기 전략' (first-half strategy). In June, the focus shifts to '상반기 평가' (first-half evaluation). Even if you are not in an office, you might hear it at a gym where they offer '상반기 할인 이벤트' (first-half discount event) or at a bookstore promoting the '상반기 베스트셀러' (first-half bestsellers).

상반기에는 정말 정신없이 바빴어요. (I was incredibly busy in the first half of the year.)

You will also hear this word in the context of government announcements. For instance, the Korean government often releases data on '상반기 고용 동향' (first-half employment trends). This formal usage trickles down into everyday conversation when people discuss the economy or their job prospects. It sounds more professional than saying 'the first few months' or 'from January to June,' making it a preferred choice for adults in any serious discussion.

Real Estate and Finance: Bankers and real estate agents use it to describe market cycles: '상반기 금리 변동' (Interest rate fluctuations in the first half).

주식 시장이 상반기에는 약세를 보였습니다. (The stock market showed weakness in the first half of the year.)

While 상반기 is a relatively straightforward term, English speakers often make mistakes by confusing it with other time-related words or using it in contexts where a different word is more appropriate. The most common error is confusing it with '1학기' or using it to mean 'the first half of anything' rather than specifically 'the first half of the year.'

Confusing with Semester: Mistake: '상반기 시험' when you mean 'midterm/final exams' for school. Correct: '1학기 기말고사'. While the semester happens *during* the 상반기, they are different systems. Use 상반기 for calendar time and 학기 for school time.
Using it for Games or Movies: Mistake: Calling the first half of a soccer match '상반기'. Correct: '전반전' (jeon-ban-jeon). 상반기 is *only* for years.

❌ 축구 경기 상반기가 끝났어요. (Wrong: The first half of the soccer game is over.)
✅ 축구 경기 전반전이 끝났어요. (Correct)

Another mistake is thinking that '상반기' can be any six-month period. In English, you might say 'the first half of our project,' which could be from March to August. In Korean, 상반기 is fixed: it is always January to June. If you want to say the first half of a project that doesn't align with the year, you should use '전반기' (jeon-ban-gi) or '앞부분' (ap-bu-bun).

❌ 프로젝트의 상반기가 중요합니다. (Wrong: The first half of the project is important.)
✅ 프로젝트의 전반기가 중요합니다. (Correct)

Lastly, learners sometimes forget that '상반기' is a noun and try to use it as an adjective directly before another noun without considering if it's a standard compound. While '상반기 실적' works, something like '상반기 사람' (a first-half person) makes no sense. Always check if the noun following '상반기' relates to a time-based outcome, plan, or event.

Spelling Note: Make sure not to confuse the '상' (up) with '산' (mountain). '산반기' is not a word.

❌ 상반기 동안에 비가 많이 왔어요. (Natural but slightly redundant: during the first half period.)
✅ 상반기에 비가 많이 왔어요. (More natural)

To truly master 상반기, it is helpful to understand the surrounding vocabulary that describes other time divisions. Korean has several words for 'half' or 'period,' and choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about a year, a game, a month, or a specific task.

상반기 vs. 하반기: These are direct opposites. 상반기 (Jan-Jun) vs. 하반기 (Jul-Dec). They are the most common pair for calendar years.
상반기 vs. 전반기: 전반기 (jeon-ban-gi) also means 'first half' but is more flexible. It can mean the first half of a sports season, the first half of a military service term, or the first half of a century. 상반기 is almost exclusively for the 12-month calendar year.
상반기 vs. 1분기/2분기: A year is also divided into quarters (분기). 1분기 (Jan-Mar) and 2분기 (Apr-Jun) together make up the 상반기. Use '분기' for more granular business reporting.

상반기는 1분기와 2분기를 포함합니다. (The first half includes the first and second quarters.)

If you are talking about a month, you would use 초순 (early part of the month), 중순 (middle), and 하순 (late). These are not used for years. Similarly, if you want to say 'the beginning of the year' (like just January or February), you would use 연초 (yeon-cho) instead of 상반기.

상반기 대신 '올해의 첫 6개월'이라고 말할 수도 있지만, 상반기가 훨씬 더 자주 쓰입니다. (You can say 'the first 6 months of the year' instead of 상반기, but 상반기 is used much more often.)

In summary, choose '상반기' when you are dealing with official dates, business goals, or general year-long planning. Use '전반기' for sports or non-calendar durations, and '연초' for specifically the very beginning of the year. Mastery of these distinctions will make your Korean sound much more sophisticated and precise.

Academic Alternative: 1학기 (First Semester) - Used specifically for school schedules from March to June/July.

기업들은 상반기 실적을 바탕으로 하반기 계획을 세웁니다. (Companies set second-half plans based on first-half performance.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The character 上 (상) is often used to mean 'first' or 'previous' in time-related words, while 下 (하) means 'second' or 'following.'

発音ガイド

UK /sʰaŋ.ban.ɡi/

US /sɑŋ.bæn.ɡi/

In Korean, syllables generally have equal weight, but the first syllable '상' often sounds slightly more emphasized due to the high pitch of the 's' sound.

韻が合う語

하반기 (ha-ban-gi) 전반기 (jeon-ban-gi) 후반기 (hu-ban-gi) 분기 (bun-gi) 학기 (hak-gi) 초기 (cho-gi) 중기 (jung-gi) 말기 (mal-gi)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'ban' like the English word 'ban' (to forbid). It should be more like 'bahn'.
Dropping the 'ng' in 'sang'.
Confusing 'gi' with 'ji'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once you know the Hanja roots.

ライティング 4/5

Requires remembering the specific Hanja-derived spelling.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward.

リスニング 3/5

Commonly heard in news and professional settings.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

1월 6월 반 (half) 기간 (period) 해 (year)

次に学ぶ

하반기 분기 결산 실적 채용

上級

전반기 후반기 회계연도 분기별 격주

知っておくべき文法

Time Particle -에

상반기에 여행을 가요.

Duration Particle -동안

상반기 동안 공부했어요.

Comparison Particle -보다

상반기보다 하반기가 더 바빠요.

Possessive Particle -의

상반기의 추억.

Topic Particle -은/는

상반기는 정말 짧았어요.

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レベル別の例文

상반기는 1월부터 6월입니다.

The first half is from January to June.

Simple noun '상반기' as the subject.

상반기에 한국어를 배워요.

I learn Korean in the first half of the year.

'-에' indicates the time period.

상반기가 좋아요.

I like the first half of the year.

'-가' is the subject particle.

올해 상반기는 바빠요.

This year's first half is busy.

'-는' is the topic particle.

상반기에는 날씨가 따뜻해요.

In the first half, the weather is warm.

'-에는' emphasizes the time.

상반기 계획이 뭐예요?

What is your plan for the first half?

Compound noun '상반기 계획'.

상반기가 끝났어요.

The first half is over.

Past tense verb '끝났어요'.

상반기에 여행을 가요.

I am going on a trip in the first half.

'-에' for time.

내년 상반기에 이사를 할 거예요.

I will move in the first half of next year.

Future tense '-할 거예요'.

상반기 동안 운동을 열심히 했어요.

I exercised hard during the first half.

'-동안' means 'during'.

이번 상반기에는 책을 다섯 권 읽었어요.

I read five books in the first half of this year.

Counter word '권' for books.

상반기 실적을 확인하세요.

Please check the first-half results.

Imperative mood '-하세요'.

우리 회사는 상반기에 신입 사원을 뽑아요.

Our company hires new employees in the first half.

Present tense for general facts.

상반기 마무리를 잘 하고 싶어요.

I want to finish the first half well.

'-고 싶어요' expresses desire.

상반기에는 눈이 오고 꽃이 피어요.

In the first half, it snows and flowers bloom.

Connecting two sentences with '-고'.

지난 상반기보다 더 바빠요.

I am busier than last first half.

'-보다' for comparison.

상반기 결산을 위해 서류를 준비하세요.

Prepare the documents for the first-half settlement.

'-을 위해' means 'for the sake of'.

상반기 목표를 달성해서 기뻐요.

I am happy because I achieved my first-half goals.

'-아서/어서' for reason.

올해 상반기에는 경제가 어려웠습니다.

The economy was difficult in the first half of this year.

Formal polite ending '-습니다'.

상반기 채용 공고를 기다리고 있어요.

I am waiting for the first-half recruitment announcement.

'-고 있다' for continuous action.

상반기에는 주로 교육을 받았습니다.

I mainly received training in the first half.

Adverb '주로' meaning 'mainly'.

상반기 성적표가 나왔어요.

The first-half report card is out.

Compound noun '상반기 성적표'.

정부는 상반기 내에 대책을 마련할 것입니다.

The government will prepare measures within the first half.

'-내에' means 'within'.

상반기 동안의 변화를 분석해 봅시다.

Let's analyze the changes during the first half.

'-어 봅시다' for suggestion.

상반기 실적이 예상치를 웃돌았습니다.

The first-half results exceeded expectations.

Verb '웃돌다' means 'to exceed'.

이번 상반기는 작년 동기 대비 성장이 둔화되었습니다.

Growth in this first half has slowed compared to the same period last year.

'동기 대비' means 'compared to the same period'.

상반기 내내 프로젝트에 매진했습니다.

I devoted myself to the project throughout the first half.

'-내내' means 'throughout'.

상반기 결산 보고서를 내일까지 제출하세요.

Submit the first-half settlement report by tomorrow.

Formal imperative.

상반기에는 신제품 출시가 지연되었습니다.

The new product launch was delayed in the first half.

Passive form '지연되다'.

상반기 워크숍에서 팀워크를 다졌습니다.

We strengthened teamwork at the first-half workshop.

Verb '다지다' meaning 'to strengthen/solidify'.

상반기 물가 상승률이 심상치 않습니다.

The inflation rate in the first half is unusual (worrisome).

Adjective '심상치 않다' means 'unusual/serious'.

상반기 성과를 바탕으로 인센티브가 지급됩니다.

Incentives are paid based on first-half performance.

'-을 바탕으로' means 'based on'.

상반기 경상수지 흑자 폭이 축소되었습니다.

The current account surplus narrowed in the first half.

Technical term '경상수지' (current account).

상반기 내수 시장의 부진이 계속되고 있습니다.

The slump in the domestic market continues in the first half.

Technical term '내수 시장' (domestic market).

상반기 회고를 통해 하반기 전략을 수정해야 합니다.

We must revise our second-half strategy through a review of the first half.

Noun '회고' (retrospection/review).

상반기 고용 지표는 다소 낙관적입니다.

Employment indicators for the first half are somewhat optimistic.

Noun '지표' (indicator).

상반기 중으로 법안이 통과될 가능성이 큽니다.

There is a high possibility that the bill will pass within the first half.

'-중으로' meaning 'within/by the end of'.

상반기 매출 급감의 원인을 규명해야 합니다.

We must identify the cause of the sharp drop in sales in the first half.

Verb '규명하다' (to investigate/identify).

상반기 동안 축적된 데이터를 분석 중입니다.

We are analyzing the data accumulated during the first half.

Passive participle '축적된' (accumulated).

상반기 경영 환경이 매우 불투명했습니다.

The business environment in the first half was very uncertain.

Adjective '불투명하다' (opaque/uncertain).

상반기 거시 경제 지표의 변동성이 확대되었습니다.

The volatility of macroeconomic indicators increased in the first half.

Technical term '거시 경제' (macroeconomy).

상반기 결산 결과, 당기순이익이 전년 대비 급증했습니다.

As a result of the first-half settlement, net profit for the period surged compared to last year.

Technical term '당기순이익' (net profit for the period).

상반기 정책 기조의 변화가 시장에 큰 충격을 주었습니다.

The change in the policy stance during the first half had a major impact on the market.

Noun '기조' (stance/tone).

상반기 동안의 지정학적 리스크가 수출에 악영향을 미쳤습니다.

Geopolitical risks during the first half adversely affected exports.

Technical term '지정학적' (geopolitical).

상반기 노사 협상이 난항을 겪으며 생산에 차질이 생겼습니다.

Labor-management negotiations in the first half faced difficulties, causing production disruptions.

Idiom '난항을 겪다' (to face difficulties/rough sailing).

상반기 금융 시장의 불안정성은 금리 인상의 여파입니다.

The instability of the financial market in the first half is the aftermath of the interest rate hike.

Noun '여파' (aftermath/repercussions).

상반기 사회적 담론의 핵심은 공정성이었습니다.

The core of social discourse in the first half was fairness.

Noun '담론' (discourse).

상반기 기술 혁신의 성과가 가시화되기 시작했습니다.

The achievements of technological innovation in the first half have begun to manifest.

Verb '가시화되다' (to become visible/manifest).

類義語

전반기 앞반기 일사분기 및 이사분기 연초

反対語

하반기

よく使う組み合わせ

상반기 실적

상반기 채용

상반기 결산

상반기 목표

상반기 공채

상반기 마무리

상반기 보고서

상반기 계획

상반기 경제

상반기 결과

よく使うフレーズ

상반기 내에

— Within the first half of the year.

상반기 내에 작업을 마쳐야 합니다.

상반기 중으로

— By some point in the first half of the year.

상반기 중으로 연락드리겠습니다.

상반기 내내

— Throughout the entire first half of the year.

상반기 내내 비가 많이 왔다.

상반기 대비

— Compared to the first half of the year.

하반기 실적이 상반기 대비 올랐다.

상반기 결산 세일

— First-half settlement sale (clearance).

백화점에서 상반기 결산 세일을 한다.

상반기 베스트셀러

— Bestsellers of the first half of the year.

이 책은 상반기 베스트셀러 1위다.

상반기 히트작

— Hit works (movies/songs) of the first half.

그 영화는 상반기 최고의 히트작이다.

상반기 성과

— Achievements/Performance of the first half.

팀의 상반기 성과가 우수하다.

상반기 일정

— Schedule for the first half.

상반기 일정을 확인해 보세요.

상반기 전망

— Outlook/Forecast for the first half.

올해 상반기 전망은 밝습니다.

よく混同される語

상반기 vs 전반기

전반기 is more general (sports, military), while 상반기 is strictly for calendar years.

상반기 vs 1학기

1학기 is the academic semester (Mar-July), which is part of the 상반기 but not the same thing.

상반기 vs 연초

연초 refers to the very beginning of the year (Jan-Feb), not the whole six months.

慣用句と表現

"상반기를 매듭짓다"

— To wrap up or conclude the first half of the year.

우리는 프로젝트를 끝내며 상반기를 매듭지었다.

Formal

"상반기 기세를 몰아"

— Following the momentum of the first half.

상반기 기세를 몰아 하반기에도 승리하자.

Neutral

"상반기 성적표를 받다"

— To receive the results of one's efforts in the first half (often metaphorical).

기업들이 이제 상반기 성적표를 받고 있다.

Neutral

"상반기 문을 열다"

— To start the first half of the year.

새로운 희망으로 상반기 문을 열었다.

Poetic/Neutral

"상반기 정점을 찍다"

— To reach the peak in the first half.

그 가수는 상반기에 인기의 정점을 찍었다.

Neutral

"상반기 내실을 다지다"

— To strengthen the internal substance during the first half.

상반기에는 내실을 다지는 데 집중했습니다.

Formal/Business

"상반기 가닥을 잡다"

— To get a sense of direction for the first half.

이제야 상반기 업무의 가닥을 잡았다.

Neutral

"상반기 발판을 마련하다"

— To prepare a stepping stone in the first half.

상반기에 성공의 발판을 마련했다.

Neutral

"상반기 허리띠를 졸라매다"

— To tighten the belt (save money) in the first half.

상반기에는 예산 부족으로 허리띠를 졸라매야 했다.

Neutral/Informal

"상반기 파란을 일으키다"

— To cause a sensation/stir in the first half.

그 신인 배우는 상반기 영화계에 파란을 일으켰다.

Neutral

間違えやすい

상반기 vs 전반전

Both start with 'first half' meanings.

전반전 is for the first half of a sports match (like soccer).

축구 전반전이 끝났습니다.

상반기 vs 전반기

Both mean 'first half period'.

상반기 is for years; 전반기 is for projects, seasons, or military terms.

프로젝트의 전반기가 중요합니다.

상반기 vs 초기

Both refer to an early time.

초기 means 'early stage' of any process, not specifically 6 months.

병의 초기 증상.

상반기 vs 1분기

Both are parts of the year.

1분기 is only 3 months (Jan-Mar).

1분기 실적 발표.

상반기 vs 상반신

Similar sound ('상반').

상반신 means 'upper body'.

상반신 사진을 찍으세요.

文型パターン

상반기는 [Time]입니다.

상반기는 1월부터 6월입니다.

상반기에 [Action]을/를 할 거예요.

상반기에 한국에 갈 거예요.

상반기 [Noun]이/가 [Adjective]습니다.

상반기 실적이 좋습니다.

상반기 [Noun]을/를 바탕으로 [Action].

상반기 성과를 바탕으로 계획을 세웁니다.

상반기 [Noun]의 [Noun]이/가 [Verb]되었습니다.

상반기 수출의 증가세가 둔화되었습니다.

상반기 동안의 [Noun]은/는 [Noun]의 여파입니다.

상반기 동안의 시장 불안정은 금리 인상의 여파입니다.

Mixed

상반기에는 [A], 하반기에는 [B].

상반기에는 공부를 했고, 하반기에는 일을 했어요.

Formal

[Year]년 상반기 [Noun] 보고.

2023년 상반기 결산 보고.

語族

名詞

상반기 (first half)

하반기 (second half)

반기 (half period)

전반기 (first half - general)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in professional, academic, and media contexts.

よくある間違い

Using 상반기 for the first half of a game. → 전반전
상반기 is only for years. 전반전 is for sports matches.
Saying '상반기 달' for the first half of a month. → 초순
상반기 is for 6 months. For a month's division, use 초순/중순/하순.
Confusing 상반기 with 1학기. → 1학기
1학기 is the school semester. 상반기 is the calendar period.
Writing '산반기'. → 상반기
The first character is 상 (上), not 산 (山).
Using 상반기 for any 6-month period (e.g., March to August). → 전반기 / 6개월 동안
상반기 is fixed from January to June.

ヒント

Business Reports

Always use 상반기 and 하반기 to divide your annual reports for a professional look.

Recruitment Cycles

If you want to work in Korea, look for '상반기 채용' notices starting in February or March.

Compound Nouns

You can combine 상반기 with almost any business noun (실적, 계획, 매출) without particles.

Antonym Pair

Learn 상반기 and 하반기 together as a set. They are almost always used in relation to each other.

Greetings

In June, '상반기 마무리 잘 하세요' is a very polite and common way to greet colleagues.

News Keywords

When you hear '상반기' on the news, prepare to hear statistics or economic data.

Year Formatting

Place the year before the word: [Year]년 상반기.

Semester Context

Remember that Korean school years start in the 상반기 (March), unlike the US/UK.

Hanja Roots

Remember 상 (Up) + 반 (Half) + 기 (Period) to never forget the meaning.

Goal Setting

Divide your yearly goals into 상반기 and 하반기 to make them more manageable.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Sang' as 'Sun rising' in the first part of the day, and 'Ban' as 'Half'. So, 'Sang-ban' is the 'Sunrise Half' of the year.

視覚的連想

Imagine a calendar cut in half horizontally. The top half (Jan-Jun) is 'Sang' (Up/Top).

Word Web

January February March April May June Recruitment Reports

チャレンジ

Try to list three things you want to achieve in the next 상반기 using the word at least three times.

語源

Derived from Sino-Korean characters (Hanja).

元の意味：上 (상 - upper/top) + 半 (반 - half) + 期 (기 - period/time).

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary).

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but using it correctly in business shows high professional competence.

English speakers usually say 'the first half of the year' or 'H1' in business. '상반기' is more common in daily speech than 'H1' is in English.

K-Pop 'Music Bank Half-Year Special' (상반기 결산) Samsung Electronics First-Half Earnings Report Government Employment Data for H1

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Office/Business

상반기 실적 보고
상반기 목표 달성
상반기 결산 회의
상반기 인사 평가

Job Seeking

상반기 공채
상반기 인턴십
상반기 채용 시장
상반기 합격

Personal Life

상반기 계획
상반기 다이어트
상반기 여행
상반기 회고

News/Economy

상반기 물가 상승
상반기 수출 호조
상반기 금리 동향
상반기 성장률

Academic

상반기 학사 일정
상반기 장학금
상반기 시험
상반기 동아리 활동

会話のきっかけ

"올해 상반기 목표는 다 이루셨나요?"

"상반기에 가장 기억에 남는 일이 뭐예요?"

"상반기 마무리는 어떻게 하실 계획인가요?"

"이번 상반기에는 날씨가 어땠던 것 같아요?"

"상반기보다 하반기에 더 기대되는 점이 있나요?"

日記のテーマ

올해 상반기를 한 단어로 표현한다면? 그 이유는 무엇인가요?

상반기 동안 내가 가장 잘한 일 세 가지를 써보세요.

상반기에 계획했지만 하지 못한 일들을 하반기에 어떻게 실천할까요?

상반기 동안 나의 감정 변화를 그래프로 그려보고 설명해 보세요.

내년 상반기에는 어떤 새로운 도전을 하고 싶은지 구체적으로 적어보세요.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, in the context of a calendar year, it always refers to the first six months. It is a fixed period.

Not exactly. Use '1학기' for school terms. '상반기' describes the calendar time during which the semester happens.

상반기 is for the calendar year. 전반기 is for sports games, military service, or the first half of a specific project.

Yes, but it sounds slightly more adult or professional than saying 'the beginning of the year.' It's very common among adults.

You say '2024년 상반기' (i-cheon-i-sip-sa-nyeon sang-ban-gi).

The opposite is 하반기 (ha-ban-gi), which means the second half of the year (July-December).

It is a noun, but it can act like an adjective in compound nouns like '상반기 실적' (first-half results).

No, for a month, use '초순' (early), '중순' (middle), and '하순' (late).

Because major Korean companies have '상반기 공채' (first-half open recruitment) usually starting around March.

It is pronounced [상반기] (sang-ban-gi). All syllables are relatively equal in length.

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