A0 問題 1 min read かんたん

Asking 'What?' (ဘာ)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'ဘာ' (ba) to ask 'what' by placing it where the object would normally go in a sentence.

  • Place 'ဘာ' before the verb to ask about an object: 'ဘာစားလဲ' (What are you eating?)
  • Use 'ဘာလဲ' at the end of a sentence for simple identification: 'ဒါ ဘာလဲ' (What is this?)
  • Combine with nouns to ask 'which': 'ဘာစာအုပ်လဲ' (Which book?)
Subject + Object(ဘာ) + Verb + Question Marker(လဲ)

Meanings

The word 'ဘာ' (ba) is the primary interrogative pronoun used to ask 'what' regarding objects, actions, or identities.

1

Object identification

Asking for the name of an object.

“ဒါ ဘာလဲ။”

“ဟိုမှာ ဘာလဲ။”

2

Action inquiry

Asking what someone is doing.

“ဘာလုပ်နေလဲ။”

“ဘာလုပ်မလဲ။”

3

Object inquiry

Asking what object is being consumed or handled.

“ဘာစားမလဲ။”

“ဘာဝယ်မလဲ။”

Basic Question Formation

Subject Interrogative Verb Marker
မင်း ဘာ စား လဲ
သူ ဘာ လုပ် လဲ
ဒါ ဘာ - လဲ
သူတို့ ဘာ ဝယ် လဲ
မင်း ဘာ ဖတ် လဲ
ဒါ ဘာ ဖြစ် လဲ

Reference Table

Reference table for Asking 'What?' (ဘာ)
Form Structure Example
Object Question Noun + ဘာ + Verb + လဲ မင်း ဘာစားလဲ။
Identity Question ဒါ + ဘာ + လဲ ဒါ ဘာလဲ။
Action Question ဘာ + Verb + လဲ ဘာလုပ်လဲ။
Negative Answer ဘာ + မ + Verb + ဘူး ဘာမှ မစားဘူး။
Which Noun ဘာ + Noun + လဲ ဘာစာအုပ်လဲ။

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
ဘာလုပ်နေပါသလဲ။

ဘာလုပ်နေပါသလဲ။ (General)

ニュートラル
ဘာလုပ်နေလဲ။

ဘာလုပ်နေလဲ။ (General)

カジュアル
ဘာလုပ်နေလဲ။

ဘာလုပ်နေလဲ။ (General)

スラング
ဘာလုပ်နေတာလဲ။

ဘာလုပ်နေတာလဲ။ (General)

The 'ဘာ' Universe

ဘာ (What)

Actions

  • ဘာလုပ်လဲ What are you doing?

Objects

  • ဒါဘာလဲ What is this?
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レベル別の例文

1

ဒါ ဘာလဲ။

What is this?

2

ဘာစားမလဲ။

What will you eat?

3

ဘာလုပ်လဲ။

What are you doing?

4

ဘာလဲ။

What?

1

မင်း ဘာဝယ်မလဲ။

What will you buy?

2

သူ ဘာဖတ်နေလဲ။

What is he reading?

3

ဘာစာအုပ်လဲ။

Which book is it?

4

ဘာဖြစ်တာလဲ။

What happened?

1

ဒီနေ့ ဘာတွေလုပ်ဖို့ရှိလဲ။

What do you have to do today?

2

သူ ဘာပြောလိုက်တာလဲ။

What did he say?

3

ဘာကြောင့် နောက်ကျတာလဲ။

Why are you late?

4

ဘာပဲဖြစ်ဖြစ် လုပ်ပါ။

Do whatever happens.

1

ဘာကိုမှ မသိဘူး။

I don't know anything.

2

ဘာလုပ်ရမှန်း မသိဘူး။

I don't know what to do.

3

ဘာမှ မဟုတ်ပါဘူး။

It's nothing.

4

ဘာကိစ္စလဲ။

What is the matter?

1

ဘာကို ရည်ရွယ်တာလဲ။

What is the intention?

2

ဘာမှ မရှိတော့ဘူး။

There is nothing left.

3

ဘာပဲဖြစ်ဖြစ် အဆင်ပြေပါတယ်။

Whatever happens, it's fine.

4

ဘာကို ဆိုလိုတာလဲ။

What do you mean?

1

ဘာမှ မပြောနဲ့တော့။

Don't say anything anymore.

2

ဘာကိုမှ မစိုးရိမ်ပါနဲ့။

Don't worry about anything.

3

ဘာကိစ္စနဲ့ လာတာလဲ။

What business brings you here?

4

ဘာမှ မဟုတ်သလိုပဲ။

It's as if it's nothing.

間違えやすい

Asking 'What?' (ဘာ) 対 ဘာ vs ဘယ်သူ

Learners swap 'what' and 'who'.

Asking 'What?' (ဘာ) 対 ဘာ vs ဘယ်မှာ

Learners use 'what' for location.

Asking 'What?' (ဘာ) 対 ဘာ vs ဘယ်လို

Learners use 'what' for 'how'.

よくある間違い

✗

ဘာ မင်း စားလဲ

✓

မင်း ဘာစားလဲ

Don't put 'ဘာ' at the start.
✗

ဒါ ဘာ

✓

ဒါ ဘာလဲ

Need the question marker 'လဲ'.
✗

ဘာ သူ လုပ်လဲ

✓

သူ ဘာလုပ်လဲ

Subject should come first.
✗

ဘာလဲ စား

✓

ဘာစားလဲ

Verb must follow 'ဘာ'.
✗

ဘာလဲ စာအုပ်

✓

ဘာစာအုပ်လဲ

Use 'ဘာ' as a determiner.
✗

ဘာ လုပ်

✓

ဘာလုပ်လဲ

Missing the question marker.
✗

ဘာလဲ သူ

✓

သူ ဘာလဲ

Subject-Object order.
✗

ဘာကြောင့်လဲ စား

✓

ဘာကြောင့် စားတာလဲ

Complex question structure.
✗

ဘာကိုမှ မစား

✓

ဘာမှ မစားဘူး

Need negative marker 'ဘူး'.
✗

ဘာလဲ ဖြစ်တာ

✓

ဘာဖြစ်တာလဲ

Verb-particle order.
✗

ဘာကို ဆိုလိုလဲ

✓

ဘာကို ဆိုလိုတာလဲ

Nominalization required.
✗

ဘာပဲဖြစ်ဖြစ် မလုပ်ဘူး

✓

ဘာပဲဖြစ်ဖြစ် လုပ်မယ်

Contextual meaning.
✗

ဘာကိစ္စလဲ လုပ်တာ

✓

ဘာကိစ္စနဲ့ လုပ်တာလဲ

Need instrumental particle.

文型パターン

ဒါ ___ လဲ။

မင်း ___ စားမလဲ။

___ လုပ်နေတာလဲ။

___ စာအုပ်လဲ။

Real World Usage

Restaurant constant

ဘာစားမလဲ။

Texting very common

ဘာလုပ်နေလဲ။

Shopping common

ဒါ ဘာလဲ။

Work common

ဘာလုပ်ရမလဲ။

Travel occasional

ဘာမြို့လဲ။

Classroom common

ဘာရေးရမလဲ။

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💡

Keep it simple

Don't overthink the grammar. Just place 'ဘာ' where the answer would be.
⚠️

Don't move it

Avoid moving 'ဘာ' to the front of the sentence.
🎯

Use 'လဲ'

Always end with 'လဲ' to make it a question.
💬

Be polite

Add 'ပါ' to soften your questions.

Smart Tips

Use 'ဒါ' (this) + 'ဘာ' (what) + 'လဲ'.

ဘာလဲ ဒါ → ဒါ ဘာလဲ

Place 'ဘာ' directly before the verb.

လုပ် ဘာလဲ → ဘာလုပ်လဲ

Use 'ဘာ' + noun.

ဘာလဲ စာအုပ် → ဘာစာအုပ်လဲ

Add 'ပါ' at the end.

ဘာလဲ → ဘာလဲပါ

発音

ba (low)

Tone

The 'ဘာ' has a low tone. Keep it short and flat.

Rising

ဘာလဲ↑

Genuine question.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Ba' as 'Bar'—you walk into a bar and ask 'What?'

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant question mark shaped like a 'ဘာ' character hovering over an object you don't recognize.

Rhyme

When you see a thing you don't know, just say 'ဘာ' and let it flow.

Story

You are in a market. You see a strange fruit. You point at it and ask the vendor 'ဒါ ဘာလဲ?'. The vendor smiles and says 'ဒါ သရက်သီးပါ။'. You now know the fruit is a mango.

Word Web

ဘာဘာလဲဘာလုပ်လဲဘာစားလဲဘာဝယ်လဲဘာဖြစ်လဲ

チャレンジ

Point to 5 objects in your room and ask 'ဒါ ဘာလဲ?' out loud.

文化メモ

In Burmese culture, asking 'What?' can sometimes be seen as blunt. Always add a polite particle like 'ပါ' or 'ခင်ဗျာ/ရှင်' if you are a beginner.

The word 'ဘာ' is a native Burmese interrogative pronoun.

会話のきっかけ

“

ဒါ ဘာလဲ။

“

မင်း ဘာလုပ်နေလဲ။

“

ဘာစားချင်လဲ။

“

ဘာကို အကြိုက်ဆုံးလဲ။

日記のテーマ

List 5 things on your desk and ask what they are.
Describe your daily routine using 'ဘာ'.
Write about a time you were confused.
Discuss your future plans.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

မင်း ___ စားမလဲ။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဘာ
Use 'ဘာ' for objects.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဒါ ဘာလဲ
Correct word order.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ဘာ မင်း လုပ်လဲ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မင်း ဘာလုပ်လဲ
Subject first.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မင်း ဘာစားလဲ
Subject-Object-Verb.
Translate to Burmese. 翻訳

What is this?

Answer starts with: ဒါ ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဒါ ဘာလဲ
Standard identification.
Match the question to the meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: What are you doing?
Direct translation.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Use 'ဘာ' and 'ဝယ်'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဘာဝယ်မလဲ
Verb follows 'ဘာ'.
Which is for people? 選択問題

What is for people?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဘယ်သူ
Use 'ဘယ်သူ' for people.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

မင်း ___ စားမလဲ။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဘာ
Use 'ဘာ' for objects.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဒါ ဘာလဲ
Correct word order.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ဘာ မင်း လုပ်လဲ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မင်း ဘာလုပ်လဲ
Subject first.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

စား / ဘာ / မင်း / လဲ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မင်း ဘာစားလဲ
Subject-Object-Verb.
Translate to Burmese. 翻訳

What is this?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဒါ ဘာလဲ
Standard identification.
Match the question to the meaning. Match Pairs

ဘာလုပ်လဲ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: What are you doing?
Direct translation.
Build a question. Sentence Building

Use 'ဘာ' and 'ဝယ်'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဘာဝယ်မလဲ
Verb follows 'ဘာ'.
Which is for people? 選択問題

What is for people?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဘယ်သူ
Use 'ဘယ်သူ' for people.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

No, use 'ဘယ်သူ' for people.

No, it is gender-neutral.

It is neutral and used in all registers.

It is the standard question particle.

Only in very casual speech.

Use 'ဘာ' + noun.

It can be blunt; add 'ပါ'.

Yes, 'ဘာတွေ' (what things).

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

¿Qué?

Word order is the main difference.

French moderate

Quoi?

French requires complex structures.

German moderate

Was?

German has strict verb-second rules.

Japanese high

Nani?

Particles are different.

Arabic partial

Ma?

Arabic is VSO/SVO.

Chinese moderate

Shénme?

Chinese has no question particles like 'လဲ'.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
The Question Particle (လား)
Next
Asking 'Who?' (ဘယ်သူ)

Related Grammar Rules

B2

Embedding 'Where' questions (ဘယ်မှာလုပ်လဲဆိုတာ)
B2

Embedding Yes/No questions (လုပ်လားမလုပ်လားဆိုတာ)
A1

Asking 'Do you want...?' (လိုချင်လား)
A2

Asking About Future Plans (လုပ်မလား)
B2

Embedding 'Who' questions (ဘယ်သူလုပ်လဲဆိုတာ)
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