A1 · 初級 チャプター 17

Ability and Inability: Expressing 'Can' and 'Cannot'

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your potential in Burmese by learning how to express what you can and cannot do.

  • Identify the particles needed to express physical and mental ability.
  • Construct negative sentences to describe limitations or prohibitions.
  • Differentiate between personal capability and external permission.
Command your capabilities with confidence in Burmese.

学べること

Learn the particles and structures used to express capability or its absence. You'll be able to say 'I can speak Burmese' or 'I cannot go'.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'နိုင်' (naing) to state personal abilities like speaking languages.

ヒントとコツ (4)

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Consistency

The structure never changes for different subjects. It's always 'မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Cannot' (မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး)
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Check the Verb

Always identify the base verb first. If you don't know the base, you can't add the suffix.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is possible to...' (လုပ်လို့ရတယ်)
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Context is key

Always check if you mean physical inability or a rule.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is impossible to...' (လုပ်လို့မရဘူး)
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Focus on the end

Always listen for the end of the sentence to hear the question.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Asking 'Can you...?' (လုပ်နိုင်လား)

重要な語彙 (5)

ပြော to speak သွား to go စား to eat လုပ် to do သိ to know

Real-World Preview

coffee

Ordering at a Restaurant

Review Summary

  • Verb + နိုင် + တယ်
  • မ + Verb + နိုင် + ဘူး
  • Verb + လို့ + ရ + တယ်
  • Verb + လို့ + မရ + ဘူး
  • Sentence + လား
  • Verb + လို့ + ရ + တယ်

よくある間違い

Using နိုင် implies physical ability, but eating is a permission context here.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော် စားနိုင်တယ် for 'I am allowed to eat'.
正解: ကျွန်တော် စားလို့ရတယ်

Again, confuse ability with permission/possibility.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော် မစားနိုင်ဘူး for 'I cannot eat (not allowed)'.
正解: ကျွန်တော် စားလို့မရဘူး

Often learners forget to add the question marker correctly to the verb.

Wrong: ပြောနိုင်လား for 'Can you say?'.
正解: ပြောနိုင်သလား

Next Steps

You have done a fantastic job! Keep practicing these structures and you will be speaking fluently in no time.

Self-talk describing your skills.

Continue to: Finding Your Way: Directions and Basic Locations

クイック練習 (10)

Which sentence is correct?

Select the correct negative form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မစားရဘူး
Negative requires both မ and ဘူး.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is possible to...' (လုပ်လို့ရတယ်)

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

စားနိုင်ဘူး

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Missing prefix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Cannot' (မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး)

Fill in the blank with the correct form.

ဒီမှာ ထိုင်___။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ရတယ်
This is a statement of permission.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is possible to...' (လုပ်လို့ရတယ်)

Fix the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

သူ စားရနိုင်တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ စားနိုင်တယ်
Don't stack modals; use နိုင်တယ် for ability.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is possible to...' (လုပ်လို့ရတယ်)

Choose the correct form.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Cannot' (မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး)

Fill in the blank.

သူ မ___နိုင်ဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Verb root.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Cannot' (မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး)

Fill in the negative.

ကျွန်တော် မ___နိုင်ဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သွား
Verb stem goes here.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Can' / 'To be able to' (နိုင်သည်)

Choose the correct modal.

ဒီမှာ ထိုင်___သလား။ (Permission)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ရ
Asking for permission.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ability vs. Permission (နိုင်သည် vs. ရသည်)

Choose the negative form.

I cannot eat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မစားနိုင်ဘူး
Negative sandwich.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Can' / 'To be able to' (နိုင်သည်)

Fill in the blank.

ကျွန်တော် သွား___တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: နိုင်
Ability marker is နိုင်.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Can' / 'To be able to' (နိုင်သည်)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, it is invariant.
Usually 'ရ' is better for permission.
No, it stays the same for all subjects.
Yes, just add 'ပါ' at the end.
Mostly, but it also covers feasibility. If something is possible, you use 'ရတယ်'.
Yes, but it's better to use 'ရမယ်' if you mean 'must'.
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