A1 · 초급 챕터 17

Ability and Inability: Expressing 'Can' and 'Cannot'

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your potential in Burmese by learning how to express what you can and cannot do.

  • Identify the particles needed to express physical and mental ability.
  • Construct negative sentences to describe limitations or prohibitions.
  • Differentiate between personal capability and external permission.
Command your capabilities with confidence in Burmese.

배울 내용

Learn the particles and structures used to express capability or its absence. You'll be able to say 'I can speak Burmese' or 'I cannot go'.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'နိုင်' (naing) to state personal abilities like speaking languages.

팁과 요령 (4)

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Consistency

The structure never changes for different subjects. It's always 'မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Cannot' (မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး)
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Check the Verb

Always identify the base verb first. If you don't know the base, you can't add the suffix.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is possible to...' (လုပ်လို့ရတယ်)
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Context is key

Always check if you mean physical inability or a rule.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is impossible to...' (လုပ်လို့မရဘူး)
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Focus on the end

Always listen for the end of the sentence to hear the question.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Asking 'Can you...?' (လုပ်နိုင်လား)

핵심 어휘 (5)

ပြော to speak သွား to go စား to eat လုပ် to do သိ to know

Real-World Preview

coffee

Ordering at a Restaurant

Review Summary

  • Verb + နိုင် + တယ်
  • မ + Verb + နိုင် + ဘူး
  • Verb + လို့ + ရ + တယ်
  • Verb + လို့ + မရ + ဘူး
  • Sentence + လား
  • Verb + လို့ + ရ + တယ်

자주 하는 실수

Using နိုင် implies physical ability, but eating is a permission context here.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော် စားနိုင်တယ် for 'I am allowed to eat'.
정답: ကျွန်တော် စားလို့ရတယ်

Again, confuse ability with permission/possibility.

Wrong: ကျွန်တော် မစားနိုင်ဘူး for 'I cannot eat (not allowed)'.
정답: ကျွန်တော် စားလို့မရဘူး

Often learners forget to add the question marker correctly to the verb.

Wrong: ပြောနိုင်လား for 'Can you say?'.
정답: ပြောနိုင်သလား

Next Steps

You have done a fantastic job! Keep practicing these structures and you will be speaking fluently in no time.

Self-talk describing your skills.

Continue to: Finding Your Way: Directions and Basic Locations

빠른 연습 (10)

Choose the correct modal.

ဒီမှာ ထိုင်___သလား။ (Permission)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ရ
Asking for permission.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ability vs. Permission (နိုင်သည် vs. ရသည်)

Fill in the blank.

သင် စား___လား။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: နိုင်
The suffix for ability is နိုင်.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Asking 'Can you...?' (လုပ်နိုင်လား)

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

စားနိုင်ဘူး

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Missing prefix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Cannot' (မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး)

Choose the correct form.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Cannot' (မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး)

Fill in the blank.

ဒီမှာ ထိုင်___မရဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: လို့
Standard structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is impossible to...' (လုပ်လို့မရဘူး)

Which sentence is correct?

Select the correct negative form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မစားရဘူး
Negative requires both မ and ဘူး.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'It is possible to...' (လုပ်လို့ရတယ်)

Fill in the blank.

ကျွန်တော် မ___နိုင်ဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Verb root is needed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Cannot' (မ + Verb + နိုင်ဘူး)

Select the correct question.

Can you come?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: လာနိုင်လား
Informal question.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Can' / 'To be able to' (နိုင်သည်)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

ကျွန်တော် သွားနိုင်တယ် (meaning I am allowed to go).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ကျွန်တော် သွားရတယ်
Should use permission modal.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ability vs. Permission (နိုင်သည် vs. ရသည်)

Fill in the negative.

ကျွန်တော် မ___နိုင်ဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သွား
Verb stem goes here.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'Can' / 'To be able to' (နိုင်သည်)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

No, it is invariant.
Usually 'ရ' is better for permission.
No, it stays the same for all subjects.
Yes, just add 'ပါ' at the end.
Mostly, but it also covers feasibility. If something is possible, you use 'ရတယ်'.
Yes, but it's better to use 'ရမယ်' if you mean 'must'.
이전 챕터
Expressing Desires: Saying 'Want' and 'Like'
다음 챕터
Finding Your Way: Directions and Basic Locations
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