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B1 noun 13分で読める

uitputting

例文
解説 uitputting in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to build their Dutch vocabulary. The word 'uitputting' is generally too complex for this stage, as beginners focus on simple words like 'moe' (tired) or 'slapen' (to sleep). However, it is useful to recognize the word if you hear it in an emergency context or when watching Dutch sports on television. You might hear a commentator say a cyclist is suffering from 'uitputting'. At this level, you do not need to produce the word yourself, but understanding that it means 'very, very tired' is a great bonus. You can simply associate it with a picture of someone who has run a very long race and is lying on the ground. Focus on mastering 'Ik ben moe' (I am tired) first, before attempting to use 'uitputting' in your own sentences.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to express more detailed feelings and situations. You still primarily use 'moe' (tired) or 'erg moe' (very tired), but 'uitputting' becomes a word you can start recognizing in reading texts, especially in news articles about sports or health. You might see sentences like 'Hij is in het ziekenhuis door uitputting' (He is in the hospital due to exhaustion). You learn that it is a noun, a 'de-word' (de uitputting). You can begin to understand the difference between just needing a nap and needing serious medical rest. You might also start noticing the related adjective 'uitgeput' (exhausted), which is easier to use in daily conversation than the noun. For instance, 'Ik ben uitgeput na het werk' (I am exhausted after work). Recognizing the root 'uit' (out) and 'put' (well/pit) can help you remember that it means feeling empty.
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At the B1 level, 'uitputting' becomes an active part of your vocabulary. You are now capable of discussing health, work-life balance, and current events. You can confidently use 'uitputting' to describe severe physical or mental fatigue. You know how to construct sentences like 'De uitputting was te veel voor hem' (The exhaustion was too much for him). Crucially, at this level, you also learn its secondary meaning: the depletion of natural resources. You can read and participate in discussions about the environment, using phrases like 'de uitputting van de aarde' (the depletion of the earth). You understand the prepositions that go with it, such as 'door uitputting' (due to exhaustion) and 'sterven van uitputting' (to die of exhaustion). You are comfortable distinguishing between 'vermoeidheid' (fatigue) and 'uitputting' (exhaustion).
At the B2 level, your use of 'uitputting' becomes highly nuanced and natural. You can use it in professional and academic settings. You are able to discuss the psychological aspects of 'emotionele uitputting' in the context of burnout, a common topic in Dutch society. You can debate environmental policies regarding the 'uitputting van natuurlijke hulpbronnen' (depletion of natural resources) with fluency. You understand idiomatic expressions like 'tot uitputting toe' (until exhaustion/ad nauseam) and can apply them in complex sentence structures. You easily navigate the grammatical requirements, never confusing the noun 'uitputting' with the verb 'uitputten' or the adjective 'uitgeput'. Your vocabulary is rich enough to use synonyms like 'afmatting' or 'vermoeidheid' interchangeably depending on the precise shade of meaning you wish to convey in both spoken and written Dutch.
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At the C1 level, you wield the word 'uitputting' with native-like proficiency. You understand its cultural weight in the Netherlands, particularly in discussions about the modern work ethic, the welfare state, and environmental sustainability (such as the gas extraction in Groningen). You can read complex literary or academic texts where 'uitputting' might be used metaphorically, such as 'de uitputting van een politiek debat' (the exhaustion of a political debate). You can write persuasive essays or professional reports utilizing the term accurately to describe systemic failures or resource management crises. You are fully aware of its etymology and can appreciate how the literal draining of a well applies to abstract concepts. Your pronunciation of the difficult 'ui' diphthong is flawless, and your sentence construction using the word is sophisticated and varied.
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At the C2 level, 'uitputting' is fully integrated into your expansive Dutch lexicon. You can play with the word, using it in creative writing, poetry, or highly specialized academic discourse. You understand the subtle sociolinguistic registers, knowing exactly when 'uitputting' sounds too dramatic and when it is perfectly appropriate. You can engage in deep philosophical discussions about the 'uitputting van de westerse beschaving' (the exhaustion of Western civilization) or the profound psychological depths of human endurance. You recognize regional variations in pronunciation and usage, and you can effortlessly correct non-native errors regarding its application. Your mastery is such that you no longer translate the word from English; you conceptualize 'uitputting' directly in Dutch, feeling the full weight and exhaustion the word inherently carries.
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例文
The Dutch word 'uitputting' is a highly expressive noun that translates to 'exhaustion' or 'depletion' in English. It is derived from the verb 'uitputten', which literally means to draw something out until there is absolutely nothing left, much like draining a well until it is completely dry. When people use this word, they are referring to a state where all energy, resources, or emotional reserves have been entirely consumed. This is not merely feeling a little bit tired after a long day at the office; rather, it indicates a severe, overwhelming lack of energy that prevents a person from continuing their normal activities. You will frequently hear this word in medical contexts, sports commentary, psychological discussions regarding burnout, and environmental debates concerning the earth's natural resources. Understanding the depth of 'uitputting' requires recognizing its dual application: it applies just as much to human beings experiencing extreme fatigue as it does to the planet losing its vital materials. In the context of human physical health, 'uitputting' is the state athletes reach at the end of a grueling marathon or a demanding cycling race, such as the famous Tour de France or the Dutch Elfstedentocht.

De renner zakte in elkaar van uitputting net voor de finishlijn.

This illustrates the physical extreme. However, mental 'uitputting' is equally prominent in contemporary Dutch society. With the rise of demanding corporate jobs and the blurring of work-life boundaries, many individuals suffer from mental exhaustion, which is often a precursor to a clinical burnout.
Physical Exhaustion
This refers to the complete draining of bodily strength, often resulting from intense physical labor, extreme sports, or severe illness.

Na maanden van overwerken, leidde zijn stress tot totale uitputting.

Beyond the human element, 'uitputting' is a critical term in environmental science. The Dutch are highly conscious of climate change and sustainability. Therefore, 'de uitputting van natuurlijke bronnen' (the depletion of natural resources) is a phrase you will encounter frequently in news articles, political debates, and academic papers.
Resource Depletion
The consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished, such as fossil fuels, clean water, or fertile soil.

De uitputting van de bodem is een groot probleem voor de landbouw.

The versatility of this word makes it essential for anyone aiming to achieve a B1 or higher proficiency level in Dutch. It allows you to express complex ideas about health, society, and the environment with a single, powerful noun. When you say you are 'moe' (tired), it implies you need a nap. When you speak of 'uitputting', it implies a systemic failure that requires significant recovery time.
Mental Exhaustion
A state of psychological fatigue caused by prolonged stress, cognitive demands, or emotional turmoil, often leading to apathy.

Mentale uitputting is een groeiend probleem onder studenten.

We moeten voorkomen dat de uitputting van onze oceanen onomkeerbaar wordt.

By mastering the usage of 'uitputting', learners can engage in much deeper, more meaningful conversations with native Dutch speakers. It shows a level of empathy when discussing someone's health, and a level of education when discussing global issues. The word carries a heavy emotional and factual weight, making it a cornerstone of expressive Dutch vocabulary. It is not a word used lightly, and its presence in a sentence immediately signals the severity of the situation being described. Whether it is a doctor diagnosing a patient, a journalist reporting on an energy crisis, or a friend confiding their struggles with workplace stress, 'uitputting' is the precise term that captures the essence of having nothing left to give.
Using 'uitputting' correctly in a sentence involves understanding its grammatical role as a de-word (de uitputting) and the prepositions that most commonly accompany it. Because it represents a state or a process, it is frequently used with prepositions like 'van' (of/from), 'door' (by/through/due to), and 'tot' (to/until). For example, when you want to express the cause of the exhaustion, you will often use 'door'.

Zij stortte in door uitputting.

This translates to 'She collapsed due to exhaustion.' The preposition 'door' effectively links the extreme state to the action of collapsing.
Preposition: Door
Used to indicate the cause. 'Door uitputting' means 'because of exhaustion' or 'due to exhaustion'.
Another very common preposition is 'van', which can also indicate the cause but is often used in a slightly different structural context, such as 'sterven van uitputting' (to die of exhaustion) or 'huilen van uitputting' (to cry from exhaustion).

De verdwaalde wandelaars waren nabij de dood van uitputting.

When discussing the depletion of resources, the preposition 'van' is used to link the concept of depletion to the resource itself, acting as the English 'of'.
Preposition: Van (Possessive/Descriptive)
Used to specify what is being depleted. 'De uitputting van fossiele brandstoffen' translates to 'the depletion of fossil fuels'.

De uitputting van de watervoorraden bedreigt de lokale bevolking.

You will also see 'uitputting' combined with the preposition 'tot' to indicate a limit or an endpoint. The phrase 'tot de grens van uitputting' means 'to the limit of exhaustion'. This is a powerful rhetorical device used to describe people pushing themselves as hard as humanly possible.

De soldaten vochten door tot de uitputting hen dwong te stoppen.

Preposition: Tot
Indicates reaching a threshold. 'Tot uitputting toe' means continuing an action until exhaustion sets in.

Hij oefende het muziekstuk tot uitputting toe.

It is also important to note the adjectives that frequently modify 'uitputting'. Words like 'totale' (total), 'volledige' (complete), 'lichamelijke' (physical), and 'geestelijke' (mental) are commonly placed before the noun to specify the type and severity of the exhaustion. For instance, 'totale uitputting' emphasizes that absolutely no energy remains, while 'geestelijke uitputting' clarifies that the fatigue is cognitive or emotional rather than physical. Mastering these combinations will make your Dutch sound incredibly natural and nuanced. When constructing sentences, remember that 'uitputting' is a singular concept in most contexts; you will rarely, if ever, see it used in a plural form ('uitputtingen' is grammatically possible but practically non-existent in daily use). Focus on using it as an uncountable abstract noun. By pairing it with the correct prepositions and descriptive adjectives, you can convey highly specific and dramatic situations with grammatical precision and emotional resonance.
The word 'uitputting' is not confined to textbooks; it is a vital part of the living Dutch language, echoing through various sectors of society. You will hear it vividly in the realm of sports, which holds a massive place in Dutch culture. During the broadcasting of major cycling events like the Tour de France or the Giro d'Italia, Dutch sports commentators frequently use 'uitputting' to describe the condition of the athletes as they conquer steep mountain passes.

Je kunt de uitputting op hun gezichten lezen na deze zware etappe.

Similarly, during the winter, if the legendary Elfstedentocht (Eleven Cities Tour) ice skating race were to occur, the extreme cold and immense distance would guarantee that 'uitputting' becomes the word of the day on national television.
Sports Commentary
A domain where physical limits are tested, making 'uitputting' a frequent descriptor for athletes' conditions.
Moving away from sports, the medical and psychological fields are prime environments for this vocabulary. In hospitals and clinics, doctors use 'uitputting' to describe a patient's severe lack of energy, perhaps due to a chronic illness, a severe infection, or post-operative recovery.

De arts constateerde dat haar klachten het gevolg waren van chronische uitputting.

Furthermore, in the context of occupational health, 'uitputting' is a buzzword. The Netherlands has strict labor laws and a strong focus on employee well-being, yet burnout remains a significant issue. Occupational health physicians (bedrijfsartsen) and psychologists frequently discuss 'emotionele uitputting' as the primary symptom of burnout.
Occupational Health
Workplace discussions regarding stress, sick leave, and mental health frequently involve the concept of mental exhaustion.

Het bedrijf startte een programma om uitputting onder het personeel te voorkomen.

Another major arena where you will encounter 'uitputting' is in political and environmental discourse. The Dutch are pioneers in water management, sustainable agriculture, and renewable energy. Consequently, the news is filled with discussions about the environment. When politicians debate climate policy or when activists protest, they speak of 'de uitputting van de aarde' (the depletion of the earth).
Environmental Discourse
Used to describe the unsustainable extraction of natural resources, a major topic in Dutch politics.

De snelle uitputting van gasreserves in Groningen heeft tot veel politieke discussie geleid.

Door de droogte is de uitputting van het grondwater een acuut probleem geworden.

Finally, you will hear it in everyday conversations among friends and family, usually when someone is recounting a particularly grueling experience, like moving houses, surviving a week with a newborn baby, or finishing a massive university thesis. In these informal settings, it serves to validate the intense effort someone has put into a task. Understanding these varied contexts—from the icy canals of Friesland to the corporate offices of the Zuidas, and from the hospital wards to the parliamentary debates in The Hague—demonstrates the sheer utility and cultural integration of the word 'uitputting' in the Netherlands.
When English speakers learn the Dutch word 'uitputting', they often encounter a few specific pitfalls that can disrupt the natural flow of their sentences. One of the most frequent mistakes is confusing the noun 'uitputting' with the verb 'uitputten' or the adjective 'uitgeput'. Because English uses 'exhaustion' (noun) and 'exhausted' (adjective), learners must remember to map these correctly to their Dutch equivalents.

Incorrect: Ik voel me uitputting. (I feel exhaustion)

Correct: Ik ben uitgeput. (I am exhausted) OR Ik lijd aan uitputting. (I suffer from exhaustion)

Noun vs. Adjective
Always ensure you are using 'uitputting' as a thing or state, not as a description of how you currently feel. Use 'uitgeput' for the feeling.
Another common error involves the misuse of prepositions. English speakers naturally want to translate 'exhaustion of' directly, but in Dutch, the preposition depends heavily on the context. If you mean dying from exhaustion, you must say 'sterven van uitputting', not 'sterven door uitputting' (though 'door' is understood, 'van' is the idiomatic standard).

Hij viel in slaap van pure uitputting.

Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation, particularly the 'ui' sound, which does not exist in English. It is a diphthong that requires starting with an 'ah' sound and gliding towards a 'y' sound, with rounded lips. Pronouncing it as 'ow' or 'oo' immediately marks a speaker as foreign and can sometimes cause confusion.
Pronunciation of 'ui'
The 'ui' in 'uitputting' is a unique Dutch sound. Practice it by saying 'house' in a Scottish accent, or blending the vowel sounds of 'out' and 'eight'.
Additionally, there is the issue of the article. 'Uitputting' is a de-word. Using 'het uitputting' is grammatically incorrect and sounds jarring to native speakers. Because it ends in '-ing', a common suffix for nouns derived from verbs, it automatically takes the article 'de'.

De arts waarschuwde hem voor de gevolgen van de uitputting.

Finally, learners sometimes use 'uitputting' when they simply mean they are tired. If you worked a normal eight-hour day and feel like going to bed, you are experiencing 'vermoeidheid' (fatigue), not 'uitputting'. Reserving 'uitputting' for extreme scenarios is crucial for maintaining the word's impact. Overusing it dilutes its meaning and makes the speaker sound overly dramatic.
Overstatement
Avoid using 'uitputting' for mild tiredness. Reserve it for absolute depletion of energy or resources.

Na een uurtje wandelen spreek je van vermoeidheid, niet van uitputting.

By being mindful of these common mistakes—distinguishing the noun from the adjective, mastering the prepositions, perfecting the pronunciation, remembering the correct article, and applying the word to the appropriate level of severity—learners can utilize 'uitputting' with the confidence and accuracy of a native Dutch speaker.
To truly master Dutch vocabulary, one must understand the nuances between 'uitputting' and its synonyms. While 'uitputting' is a powerful word, there are several alternatives that might be more appropriate depending on the exact context. The most common related word is 'vermoeidheid', which translates to 'fatigue' or 'tiredness'. While 'uitputting' implies a complete lack of energy, 'vermoeidheid' is a broader term that covers everything from mild sleepiness to chronic fatigue.
Vermoeidheid vs. Uitputting
'Vermoeidheid' is general tiredness. 'Uitputting' is extreme, debilitating exhaustion. You can work through vermoeidheid, but uitputting stops you in your tracks.

Na een lange vlucht voelde hij lichte vermoeidheid, maar geen uitputting.

Another excellent alternative is 'afmatting'. This word also means exhaustion, but it carries a specific connotation of being worn down over time by continuous, grueling effort or harassment. It is often used in military contexts or when describing extremely demanding physical training.
Afmatting
Focuses on the process of being worn out by continuous, punishing exertion. Often implies an external force wearing you down.

De militaire oefening was een ware afmatting, die leidde tot totale uitputting.

In psychological contexts, the English loanword 'burn-out' is incredibly common in Dutch. While 'mentale uitputting' describes the symptom, 'burn-out' is the clinical diagnosis. Dutch people use 'burn-out' extensively to describe a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress.
Burn-out
A specific medical/psychological condition resulting from chronic workplace or personal stress. It is a specific type of long-term 'uitputting'.

Zijn emotionele uitputting resulteerde uiteindelijk in een zware burn-out.

If you are looking for a more formal or medical term for physical weakness, 'verzwakking' (weakening) or 'debilitatie' (debilitation) can be used, though the latter is very rare in everyday speech. 'Verzwakking' implies a loss of strength, which can lead to 'uitputting', but they are not strictly synonymous.

De wetenschapper schreef een paper over de depletie, oftewel de uitputting, van de ozonlaag.

Finally, for a sudden loss of energy or a breakdown, the word 'inzinking' (collapse/slump) is highly applicable. An 'inzinking' is a temporary, sudden drop in physical or mental capability, whereas 'uitputting' is the continuous state of being empty.

Tijdens de marathon kreeg hij een inzinking door de naderende uitputting.

Understanding these subtle differences allows a learner to choose precisely the right word for the situation, elevating their Dutch from functional to fluent. It shows an appreciation for the rich descriptive power of the language.
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レベル別の例文

1

De man is moe door de uitputting.

The man is tired due to the exhaustion.

Uses basic vocabulary to introduce the noun.

2

Uitputting is niet goed voor je.

Exhaustion is not good for you.

Simple sentence structure (Subject + verb + adjective).

3

Ik zie uitputting in zijn ogen.

I see exhaustion in his eyes.

Basic subject-verb-object structure.

4

Na het rennen is er uitputting.

After running there is exhaustion.

Introduction of a simple prepositional phrase.

5

De dokter spreekt over uitputting.

The doctor speaks about exhaustion.

Using 'over' with the noun.

6

Zij huilt van uitputting.

She cries from exhaustion.

Using 'van' to show cause.

7

Uitputting maakt je heel zwak.

Exhaustion makes you very weak.

Simple cause and effect.

8

Het kind slaapt door uitputting.

The child sleeps due to exhaustion.

Using 'door' to show reason.

1

Hij kon niet meer werken door totale uitputting.

He could no longer work due to total exhaustion.

Adding an adjective (totale) to the noun.

2

De uitputting van de sporters was duidelijk te zien.

The exhaustion of the athletes was clearly visible.

Using 'van de' to show possession/association.

3

Zij is naar het ziekenhuis gebracht met tekenen van uitputting.

She was brought to the hospital with signs of exhaustion.

Using 'tekenen van' (signs of).

4

Veel stress kan leiden tot mentale uitputting.

A lot of stress can lead to mental exhaustion.

Using 'leiden tot' (lead to).

5

We moeten stoppen voordat uitputting een probleem wordt.

We must stop before exhaustion becomes a problem.

Using a subordinate clause with 'voordat'.

6

De hond viel om van uitputting na de lange wandeling.

The dog fell over from exhaustion after the long walk.

Using 'omvallen van' (fall over from).

7

Uitputting is een serieus gevaar in de hete zon.

Exhaustion is a serious danger in the hot sun.

Connecting the noun to a specific environment.

8

Hij nam een week vrij om te herstellen van zijn uitputting.

He took a week off to recover from his exhaustion.

Using 'herstellen van' (recover from).

1

De uitputting van de natuurlijke bronnen is een groot milieuprobleem.

The depletion of natural resources is a major environmental problem.

Using the environmental meaning of the word.

2

Door de extreme hitte was uitputting een reëel risico voor de marathonlopers.

Due to the extreme heat, exhaustion was a real risk for the marathon runners.

Complex sentence with a prepositional phrase at the start.

3

Zijn burn-out was het directe gevolg van jarenlange emotionele uitputting.

His burnout was the direct result of years of emotional exhaustion.

Combining psychological terms.

4

De regering debatteert over de snelle uitputting van de gasreserves in Groningen.

The government is debating the rapid depletion of the gas reserves in Groningen.

Using the word in a political/economic context.

5

Ze hebben de discussie tot uitputting toe herhaald, zonder resultaat.

They repeated the discussion ad nauseam, without result.

Using the idiom 'tot uitputting toe'.

6

Fysieke uitputting vereist rust, maar mentale uitputting vraagt om een verandering van levensstijl.

Physical exhaustion requires rest, but mental exhaustion demands a change in lifestyle.

Contrasting two types of the noun.

7

De reddingswerkers stortten in van uitputting na de lange zoektocht.

The rescue workers collapsed from exhaustion after the long search.

Using 'instorten van' (collapse from).

8

Het is belangrijk om de signalen van uitputting vroegtijdig te herkennen.

It is important to recognize the signals of exhaustion early on.

Using an infinitive construction.

1

De voortdurende uitputting van de landbouwgrond vormt een bedreiging voor de voedselzekerheid.

The continuous depletion of agricultural land poses a threat to food security.

Formal academic sentence structure.

2

Patiënten met deze chronische ziekte ervaren vaak een slopende vorm van uitputting.

Patients with this chronic illness often experience a debilitating form of exhaustion.

Using advanced adjectives (slopende).

3

De grens tussen gezonde vermoeidheid en gevaarlijke uitputting is soms moeilijk te trekken.

The line between healthy fatigue and dangerous exhaustion is sometimes difficult to draw.

Comparing related concepts.

4

Na de intensieve verhoren vertoonde de verdachte duidelijke symptomen van geestelijke uitputting.

After the intensive interrogations, the suspect showed clear symptoms of mental exhaustion.

Using formal legal/police terminology.

5

Het economische model is gebaseerd op de onvermijdelijke uitputting van fossiele brandstoffen.

The economic model is based on the inevitable depletion of fossil fuels.

Passive voice construction.

6

Zij is bezweken aan de uitputting tijdens haar soloreis over de oceaan.

She succumbed to exhaustion during her solo journey across the ocean.

Using 'bezweken aan' (succumbed to).

7

De bedrijfsarts constateerde dat de werknemer leed aan ernstige werkgerelateerde uitputting.

The company doctor concluded that the employee suffered from severe work-related exhaustion.

Professional workplace vocabulary.

8

Om volledige uitputting te voorkomen, is het cruciaal om regelmatig pauzes in te lassen.

To prevent complete exhaustion, it is crucial to schedule regular breaks.

Using 'om ... te' construction for purpose.

1

De algehele uitputting van het electorale debat heeft geleid tot politieke apathie onder de jeugd.

The general exhaustion of the electoral debate has led to political apathy among the youth.

Metaphorical use of the word in a sociopolitical context.

2

Wetenschappers waarschuwen voor een onomkeerbare uitputting van de biodiversiteit als we niet onmiddellijk ingrijpen.

Scientists warn of an irreversible depletion of biodiversity if we do not intervene immediately.

Complex conditional sentence.

3

De roman beschrijft op meesterlijke wijze de existentiële uitputting van de naoorlogse generatie.

The novel masterfully describes the existential exhaustion of the post-war generation.

Literary analysis vocabulary.

4

Zijn betoog werd gekenmerkt door een zekere intellectuele uitputting, alsof hij zijn eigen argumenten beu was.

His argument was characterized by a certain intellectual exhaustion, as if he were tired of his own arguments.

Using advanced descriptive clauses.

5

De transitie naar groene energie is noodzakelijk om de systematische uitputting van onze planeet een halt toe te roepen.

The transition to green energy is necessary to put a halt to the systematic depletion of our planet.

Using the formal idiom 'een halt toeroepen'.

6

Zonder adequate psychologische begeleiding kan de uitputting ontaarden in een zware, klinische depressie.

Without adequate psychological guidance, the exhaustion can degenerate into a severe, clinical depression.

Using 'ontaarden in' (degenerate into).

7

De aanhoudende bezuinigingen hebben geleid tot de uitputting van de reserves in de gezondheidszorg.

The continuous budget cuts have led to the depletion of reserves in the healthcare sector.

Discussing macroeconomic policy.

8

Zij vocht tegen de naderende uitputting met een bewonderenswaardige, bijna bovenmenselijke wilskracht.

She fought against the approaching exhaustion with an admirable, almost superhuman willpower.

Rich use of adjectives and adverbs.

1

De socioloog betoogde dat de hyperconsumptiemaatschappij onvermijdelijk afstevent op haar eigen ecologische en morele uitputting.

The sociologist argued that the hyper-consumer society is inevitably heading towards its own ecological and moral exhaustion.

Highly academic and philosophical sentence structure.

2

Het is niet zozeer de fysieke inspanning, maar de cognitieve dissonantie die resulteert in deze diepgewortelde uitputting.

It is not so much the physical effort, but the cognitive dissonance that results in this deeply roote

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