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C1 adjective 12分で読める

niepewny

練習する例文メモとヒント niepewny 30秒で

解説 niepewny in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'niepewny' might be a bit advanced, but you can understand it as the opposite of 'pewny' (sure). It is used to say you are 'not sure' about something simple. For example, if someone asks you if it will rain, and you don't know, you might feel 'niepewny'. At this stage, you mostly use it to describe basic feelings or very simple situations. Think of it as 'I don't know for sure'. You might hear it in phrases like 'Jestem niepewny' (I am unsure). It's a useful word to have when you want to express that you aren't 100% certain about a basic fact, like a time or a place. In the Polish language, adjectives change their endings, so for a woman, it is 'niepewna', and for an object like a house (dom - masculine), it is 'niepewny'. Even at the beginning of your journey, knowing how to say you are unsure is very helpful for communication. You don't need to know all the complex grammar yet, just the basic meaning of 'not sure'. This helps you manage expectations in a conversation. If you are 'niepewny', people will know to check the information again. It is a building block for more complex expressions of doubt that you will learn later. Remember, 'nie' means 'not', so 'nie-pewny' is literally 'not-sure'. This makes it easier to remember. Practice saying 'Nie jestem pewny' (I am not sure) or 'Jestem niepewny' (I am unsure) to get used to the sound of the word. It is a very common part of daily life in Poland. You will see it on signs or hear it in simple questions. Don't worry if you forget the ending at first; the root 'niepewn-' is the most important part for people to understand you.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'niepewny' to describe more than just your own feelings. You can use it to describe the weather, which is often 'niepewna' (uncertain) in Poland. You might say 'Pogoda jest niepewna' (The weather is uncertain). You can also use it to describe someone's voice or look. If a friend is shy, they might have a 'niepewny głos' (uncertain voice). At this level, you should also be aware of the different endings: 'niepewny' for masculine nouns, 'niepewna' for feminine nouns, and 'niepewne' for neuter nouns. For example, 'niepewne jutro' (uncertain tomorrow). You are beginning to see how this word adds detail to your descriptions. It's not just that something is bad or good, but that it is 'uncertain'. This is a big step in making your Polish sound more natural. You can use it in simple past tense sentences too, like 'Byłem niepewny' (I was unsure). This allows you to talk about past experiences where you didn't have all the information. You might also encounter it in simple stories or news snippets. Learning to recognize 'niepewny' in these contexts will help you understand the general mood of a situation. It's a great word for describing transitions—like when you're moving to a new city or starting a new job. Everything feels a bit 'niepewne' then. By using this word, you can share these common human experiences with Polish speakers. It's also useful for asking for help: 'Jestem niepewny, gdzie jest dworzec' (I am unsure where the station is). This is a polite way to show you need guidance. Focus on matching the adjective to the noun correctly at this stage.

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At the B1 level, 'niepewny' becomes a tool for more nuanced communication. You can use it to describe abstract concepts like 'niepewna sytuacja' (an uncertain situation) or 'niepewny los' (an uncertain fate). You should be comfortable using it in various cases, not just the nominative. For example, 'Mówiliśmy o niepewnej przyszłości' (We were talking about an uncertain future) uses the locative case. You also start to use the phrase 'niepewny siebie' to describe someone who lacks self-confidence. This is a very common idiom in Polish. 'On jest bardzo niepewny siebie' (He is very unsure of himself). At this level, you can also start to compare 'niepewny' with other words like 'wątpliwy' (doubtful). You understand that 'niepewny' is more about a lack of certainty, while 'wątpliwy' might mean something is of low quality. You can use 'niepewny' to talk about your career plans or your opinions on current events. It shows that you are thinking more deeply about the world. In your writing, 'niepewny' helps you create a more sophisticated tone. Instead of just saying 'I don't know,' you can write 'Wynik jest niepewny' (The result is uncertain). This sounds more professional and precise. You will also notice this word in more complex texts, such as newspaper articles or blogs. It is often used to discuss social issues or economic trends. Understanding 'niepewny' in these contexts is key to following more advanced discussions. You should also practice using the adverbial form 'niepewnie' (uncertainly/unsteadily). 'On szedł niepewnie' (He walked unsteadily). This adds another layer to your ability to describe actions. At B1, you are moving from simple facts to expressing shades of doubt and complexity.

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At the B2 level, you should use 'niepewny' with high accuracy and in a wide range of contexts. You can use it to describe complex socio-political realities, such as 'niepewny klimat polityczny' (an uncertain political climate) or 'niepewne rynki finansowe' (uncertain financial markets). You are expected to handle the plural forms correctly: 'niepewni ludzie' (uncertain people - masculine personal) versus 'niepewne czasy' (uncertain times - non-masculine). You can also use the word to describe subtle physical sensations, like a 'niepewny uścisk dłoni' (an uncertain/weak handshake). At this level, you should be able to use 'niepewny' in formal writing, such as essays or business reports. For example, 'Z uwagi na niepewne prognozy, projekt został wstrzymany' (Due to uncertain forecasts, the project was halted). You understand the stylistic difference between using 'niepewny' and its synonyms like 'niestabilny' (unstable) or 'chwiejny' (shaky). You can explain why a situation is 'niepewna' using complex sentence structures. 'Sytuacja jest niepewna, ponieważ brakuje nam kluczowych danych' (The situation is uncertain because we are missing key data). You also recognize the word in literature, where it might be used to create an atmosphere of suspense or emotional depth. You can discuss the 'niepewność' (uncertainty) of a character's motives. This level requires you to not only know the word but to feel its weight in different registers. You might use it in a debate to express a cautious viewpoint. 'Moim zdaniem, to jest bardzo niepewna droga' (In my opinion, this is a very uncertain path). Your ability to use 'niepewny' reflects your growing fluency and your capacity to handle abstract and professional topics with ease.

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At the C1 level, you have a masterly command of 'niepewny' and can use it to articulate very specific nuances. You understand its role in creating rhetorical effects. For instance, you might use it to describe the 'niepewny status' of a legal precedent or the 'niepewna ontologia' of a philosophical concept. You are adept at using it with various prepositions and in complex idiomatic expressions. You can distinguish between 'niepewny czegoś' (unsure of something) and 'niepewny co do czegoś' (uncertain as to something) and choose the one that fits the rhythm of your sentence better. In academic or professional settings, you use 'niepewny' to qualify your statements precisely. 'Należy wziąć pod uwagę niepewny charakter tych szacunków' (One must take into account the uncertain nature of these estimates). You are also sensitive to the word's use in high-level literature and poetry, where it might describe the ephemeral nature of existence or the fragility of human connections. You can discuss the 'niepewny krok' of a nation emerging from a crisis, using the word metaphorically. Your vocabulary is rich enough that you don't over-rely on 'niepewny'; you know exactly when to swap it for 'enigmantyczny' (enigmatic), 'ambiwalentny' (ambivalent), or 'prekaryjny' (precarious). You can analyze the etymology of the word and how its meaning has shifted over time. In discussions, you use 'niepewny' to introduce sophisticated doubt, showing that you can handle the complexities of high-level discourse. Your use of the word is seamless, and you never make mistakes with its declension or agreement, even in the most convoluted sentences. You are a truly advanced speaker who uses 'niepewny' to navigate the most subtle aspects of the Polish language.

At the C2 level, 'niepewny' is just one of many tools in your vast linguistic arsenal, and you use it with the precision of a native-speaking scholar or professional. You can use it to explore deep philosophical questions about the 'niepewna natura rzeczywistości' (the uncertain nature of reality) or the 'niepewny byt' (uncertain existence). You are capable of using the word in highly specialized fields, such as law, where 'niepewny' might refer to a specific type of risk or liability. In creative writing, you use it to evoke specific moods, perhaps describing a 'niepewny blask świecy' (the flickering/uncertain light of a candle) to symbolize hope or fear. You understand the historical and cultural connotations of the word in Polish history—how 'niepewne czasy' has been a recurring theme in the national consciousness. You can engage in wordplay or use the word ironically in sophisticated social settings. Your understanding of the word's synonyms is so complete that you can explain the minute differences between 'niepewny', 'wątpliwy', 'chwiejny', 'podejrzany', and 'dyskusyjny' to others. You can write long, complex treatises where 'niepewny' is used to build a logical argument about the limitations of human knowledge. Your speech is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker, and you use 'niepewny' with perfect prosody and timing. You can also recognize and use the word in rare or archaic contexts found in classical Polish literature. At this level, 'niepewny' is not just a word you know; it is a concept you can manipulate to express the highest levels of thought and emotion. You are fully comfortable with all its forms, derivatives, and idiomatic uses, and you can apply them across all possible registers of the Polish language.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

niepewny 30秒で

The Polish word 'niepewny' translates to 'uncertain' or 'unsure' and is used to describe a lack of confidence, stability, or predictability in various contexts.
Grammatically, it is an adjective that must agree with the noun it modifies in gender (niepewny, niepewna, niepewne) and case (e.g., niepewnego, niepewnej).
It is commonly used in phrases like 'niepewny siebie' (unsure of oneself) and to describe external factors like 'niepewna pogoda' (uncertain weather).
At a C1 level, it is essential to distinguish it from synonyms like 'wątpliwy' (doubtful) or 'chwiejny' (shaky) to achieve precise expression.

The Polish adjective niepewny is a versatile word that functions as the direct equivalent of the English terms 'uncertain,' 'unsure,' 'unsteady,' or 'unreliable.' At its core, it describes a lack of stability, confidence, or predictability. In the Polish language, this word carries a significant weight because it can describe both the internal psychological state of a person and the external, objective state of the world. When you describe a person as niepewny, you are often highlighting their lack of self-confidence or their hesitation in a specific moment. For instance, a student standing before an exam might have a niepewny wzrok (an uncertain look), or a new employee might take niepewne kroki (unsteady steps) through the office. However, the word extends far beyond human emotion. It is frequently used in professional and academic contexts to describe data, futures, or outcomes that cannot be guaranteed. In the realm of finance, one might speak of niepewne czasy (uncertain times), referring to economic volatility. In legal or scientific contexts, it might refer to evidence or results that are not conclusive. The beauty of niepewny lies in its ability to bridge the gap between the physical and the abstract. It can describe a physically 'unsteady' bridge just as easily as it can describe an 'unreliable' witness or an 'undecided' voter. Understanding the nuances of this word requires recognizing that it is the negation of pewny (sure/certain). In Polish culture, expressing uncertainty is often done with a degree of caution, and using niepewny allows for a precise articulation of doubt without necessarily being dismissive.

Psychological Nuance: Refers to a lack of self-assurance or internal hesitation. It is often paired with 'siebie' (self) to form 'niepewny siebie' (unsure of oneself).

Structural and Physical Stability: Used to describe physical objects that are not firm or stable, such as a shaky ladder or a loose tooth.

Predictive Uncertainty: Commonly used in weather forecasts or economic predictions where the outcome is not guaranteed.

Jego niepewny uśmiech zdradzał, że bardzo się stresuje tą rozmową kwalifikacyjną.

Translation: His uncertain smile revealed that he was very stressed about this job interview.

Inwestowanie na tak niepewnym rynku wymaga ogromnej wiedzy i stalowych nerwów.

Translation: Investing in such an uncertain market requires vast knowledge and nerves of steel.

Zrobił jeden niepewny krok na lodzie i natychmiast stracił równowagę.

Translation: He took one shaky step on the ice and immediately lost his balance.

Prognoza pogody na jutro jest wciąż niepewna, więc lepiej weź parasol.

Translation: The weather forecast for tomorrow is still uncertain, so you better take an umbrella.

Mimo niepewnego wyniku, drużyna postanowiła walczyć do samego końca.

Translation: Despite the uncertain outcome, the team decided to fight until the very end.

Integrating niepewny into your Polish repertoire requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility. As an adjective, it typically precedes the noun it modifies in descriptive sentences, such as niepewny los (uncertain fate). However, when it functions as a predicate—stating that something is uncertain—it follows the verb 'to be' (być). For example, To jest niepewne (That is uncertain). One of the most common ways this word is used is to describe the manner in which someone performs an action, often turning the adjective into an adverbial phrase or modifying the resulting noun. If you want to describe someone who is hesitant to speak, you might say they have a niepewny głos (uncertain voice). If you are discussing the future, the word becomes indispensable. Phrases like niepewna przyszłość (uncertain future) or niepewna sytuacja polityczna (uncertain political situation) are staples of Polish media and formal discourse. Furthermore, niepewny is often used with the preposition co do (as to/regarding). For instance, Jestem niepewny co do jego intencji (I am uncertain as to his intentions). This construction allows you to specify exactly what the uncertainty pertains to. It is also worth noting how the word changes in different cases. In the genitive case, which is frequently used after negations or to show possession/characteristics, niepewny becomes niepewnego (masculine/neuter) or niepewnej (feminine). For example, Boję się niepewnego jutra (I am afraid of an uncertain tomorrow). Mastering these shifts is key to reaching a C1 level of fluency, where your use of adjectives feels natural and contextually appropriate.

Attributive Usage: Placed before the noun: 'Niepewny grunt' (Uncertain ground). This is used for direct description.

Predicative Usage: Used after a linking verb: 'Wynik testu jest niepewny' (The test result is uncertain). This makes a statement about the subject.

With Prepositions: Often used with 'co do' or 'wobec': 'Niepewny wobec zmian' (Uncertain in the face of changes).

On zawsze był bardzo niepewny siebie w towarzystwie obcych ludzi.

Translation: He was always very unsure of himself in the company of strangers.

Z powodu niepewnej pogody, zdecydowaliśmy się przełożyć piknik na przyszły tydzień.

Translation: Due to the uncertain weather, we decided to postpone the picnic until next week.

To jest bardzo niepewna inwestycja, więc radzę zachować ostrożność.

Translation: This is a very uncertain investment, so I advise you to be cautious.

Jego niepewne odpowiedzi wzbudziły podejrzenia policjantów.

Translation: His uncertain answers aroused the suspicions of the police officers.

W tych niepewnych czasach trudno jest cokolwiek zaplanować z wyprzedzeniem.

Translation: In these uncertain times, it is hard to plan anything in advance.

In everyday Polish life, niepewny is a word that echoes through various spheres of existence. If you are watching the evening news (Wiadomości), you will undoubtedly hear it in reports concerning the economy or global politics. Anchors often speak of niepewna sytuacja na rynkach (uncertain situation on the markets) or niepewna przyszłość traktatu (the uncertain future of a treaty). In the workplace, your manager might describe a project's status as niepewny if funding hasn't been secured yet. It is also a word deeply rooted in Polish literature and psychology. Authors use it to describe the internal turmoil of characters who are at a crossroads. A protagonist might have a niepewne serce (an uncertain heart) or face a niepewna droga (an uncertain path). In social settings, you might hear it used more colloquially to describe someone's behavior. If a friend is acting strangely or seems hesitant to commit to plans, you might say they seem niepewni. Furthermore, in the context of health and medicine, a doctor might describe a patient's condition as niepewny if the diagnosis is not yet clear or the prognosis is guarded. Even in sports commentary, you'll hear about a niepewna obrona (an unsteady defense) when a team is struggling to keep their opponents at bay. The word is ubiquitous because uncertainty is a fundamental part of the human experience, and Polish speakers utilize niepewny to capture every shade of that doubt, from a minor hesitation to a major existential crisis. Whether it's the 'unsteady' hand of an artist or the 'uncertain' outcome of an election, this word is the primary tool for expressing that lack of definitive knowledge or stability.

Media and Journalism: Frequent in headlines about economics, global conflicts, and social trends where outcomes are unpredictable.

Academic and Scientific Discourse: Used to describe hypotheses, data sets that lack consistency, or results that require further verification.

Daily Social Interactions: Heard when people discuss their feelings, their career plans, or even their weekend travel arrangements.

Eksperci ostrzegają, że niepewna sytuacja geopolityczna wpłynie na ceny paliw.

Translation: Experts warn that the uncertain geopolitical situation will affect fuel prices.

Po operacji stan pacjenta pozostaje niepewny, ale stabilny.

Translation: After the surgery, the patient's condition remains uncertain but stable.

Jego niepewny ton głosu sprawił, że nikt mu nie uwierzył.

Translation: His uncertain tone of voice made no one believe him.

Mamy bardzo niepewne informacje na temat tego zdarzenia.

Translation: We have very uncertain information regarding this incident.

To był niepewny okres w historii naszego kraju.

Translation: It was an uncertain period in our country's history.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using niepewny is confusing it with similar but distinct words like wątpliwy (doubtful) or niezdecydowany (indecisive). While niepewny describes a general lack of certainty or stability, wątpliwy often carries a negative connotation of suspicion or low quality. For example, wątpliwa reputacja (a doubtful/shady reputation) is not the same as a niepewna reputacja (an uncertain reputation). Another common pitfall is the misuse of the phrase niepewny siebie. Some learners mistakenly say 'niepewny o sobie' or 'niepewny w sobie,' but the correct form uses the genitive case of the reflexive pronoun: siebie. Furthermore, learners often struggle with the distinction between the adjective niepewny and the noun niepewność (uncertainty). You cannot use the adjective where the noun is required, such as in the sentence 'Czuję niepewność' (I feel uncertainty). Another grammatical hurdle is the agreement of the adjective in complex sentences. Because Polish is a highly inflected language, niepewny must change its ending based on the noun it follows. A 'niepewny mężczyzna' (uncertain man) becomes 'niepewna kobieta' (uncertain woman) and 'niepewne dziecko' (uncertain child). In the plural, it becomes 'niepewni' for groups containing at least one male person, and 'niepewne' for everything else. Forgetting these gender-based plural rules is a classic B2/C1 mistake. Finally, be careful with the word's placement. While adjectives usually come before the noun, placing niepewny after the noun can sometimes change the emphasis or make it sound more poetic or formal, which might not be the intention in casual speech. Avoiding these mistakes will significantly polish your Polish and make your speech sound more like that of a native speaker.

Confusion with 'Wątpliwy': 'Wątpliwy' usually means 'questionable' or 'dubious,' whereas 'niepewny' is more about a lack of objective certainty.

Genitive Case with 'Siebie': Always use 'niepewny siebie' to mean 'unsure of oneself.' Other prepositions are incorrect in this specific idiom.

Plural Agreement Errors: Remember 'niepewni' for masculine personal and 'niepewne' for non-masculine personal plural nouns.

Błąd: Jestem niepewny o moich wynikach. Poprawnie: Jestem niepewny moich wyników.

Note: In Polish, being unsure of something usually takes the genitive case directly or uses 'co do'.

Błąd: To jest wątpliwy krok. Poprawnie: To jest niepewny krok.

Note: 'Wątpliwy' suggests the step shouldn't have been taken; 'niepewny' suggests it was physically shaky.

Oni są niepewne. (Correct only if 'they' refers to women, children, or objects. If it includes a man, use 'niepewni').

Note: Plural gender agreement is a common stumbling block.

Błąd: Czuję się niepewność siebie. Poprawnie: Czuję niepewność lub Jestem niepewny siebie.

Note: Don't mix the noun and the adjective structures.

Błąd: Niepewny pogoda. Poprawnie: Niepewna pogoda.

Note: Feminine nouns require the -a ending.

To truly master the Polish language at a C1 level, you must be able to distinguish niepewny from its many synonyms, each of which carries a unique flavor. While niepewny is the most general term, chwiejny (shaky/unstable) is often used for physical objects or emotional states that fluctuate rapidly. You might have a chwiejny nastrój (mood swings) or walk on a chwiejny most (shaky bridge). Another alternative is podejrzany (suspicious), which is used when the uncertainty has a negative or criminal undertone. If you see a podejrzany typ (suspicious guy), you aren't just unsure about him; you think he might be up to no good. For situations that are subject to change, zmienny (variable/changeable) is a great choice. Zmienna pogoda (changeable weather) is a common phrase. If you want to describe someone who cannot make up their mind, use niezdecydowany (indecisive). This word focuses specifically on the act of making a choice, whereas niepewny might describe their general lack of confidence. In more formal or literary contexts, you might encounter wątpliwy (doubtful) or dyskusyjny (debatable). These suggest that there is room for argument or that the truth of a matter is in question. For example, wątpliwa przyjemność (a dubious pleasure) is a common ironic expression. Lastly, niestabilny (unstable) is frequently used in technical, political, or psychological contexts to describe systems or minds that are at risk of collapse. By choosing the right alternative, you can convey much more specific meaning and demonstrate a sophisticated command of Polish vocabulary. Understanding these distinctions allows you to move beyond basic communication and into the realm of precise, nuanced expression.

Chwiejny vs. Niepewny: 'Chwiejny' implies a physical or emotional swaying/oscillation, while 'niepewny' is a broader lack of certainty.

Niezdecydowany vs. Niepewny: 'Niezdecydowany' specifically means someone cannot choose between options; 'niepewny' means they lack confidence or knowledge.

Wątpliwy vs. Niepewny: 'Wątpliwy' often suggests that something is unlikely to be true or is of poor quality; 'niepewny' is more neutral about the lack of proof.

Zamiast mówić, że wynik jest niepewny, można powiedzieć, że jest dyskusyjny.

Note: 'Dyskusyjny' implies that people might argue about the result.

Ten stary stolik jest bardzo chwiejny, więc nie stawiaj na nim herbaty.

Note: 'Chwiejny' is better for physical wobbling than 'niepewny'.

Jestem niezdecydowany co do wyboru dania w restauracji.

Note: Use 'niezdecydowany' when you have too many choices.

Jego zachowanie było bardzo podejrzane, więc wezwaliśmy ochronę.

Note: 'Podejrzane' implies something might be wrong or illegal.

To jest bardzo niestabilny związek, pełen kłótni i powrotów.

Note: 'Niestabilny' is perfect for describing volatile relationships or systems.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In Old Polish, 'pewny' was sometimes used to describe a loyal servant or a reliable witness, emphasizing the social aspect of certainty and trust.

発音ガイド

UK /ɲɛˈpɛvnɨ/

US /njɛˈpɛvnɨ/

The stress is on the penultimate syllable: nie-PEW-ny.

韻が合う語

gniewny rzewny ulewny krzewny śpiewny powiewny zalewny odlewny

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'y' like English 'ee' (pewni vs pewny).
Hardening the initial 'ni' sound to a standard 'n'.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
De-voicing the 'w' (v sound) at the end of syllables in other forms (e.g., niepewność).
Failing to pronounce the 'n' and 'y' distinctly.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to the 'nie-' prefix and common root.

ライティング 7/5

Requires correct declension and understanding of case government (genitive vs 'co do').

スピーキング 6/5

Pronouncing the 'y' and 'ni' correctly takes practice for English speakers.

リスニング 4/5

Clearly articulated in most contexts, but can be confused with 'niepełny' (incomplete).

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

pewny nie pogoda krok siebie

次に学ぶ

niepewność wątpliwość zdecydowany chwiejny podejrzany

上級

ambiwalencja prekariat entropia indeterminizm sceptycyzm

知っておくべき文法

Adjective-Noun Agreement

Niepewny (m) mężczyzna, niepewna (f) kobieta.

Genitive Case after 'Niepewny'

Jestem niepewny (czego?) wyniku.

Plural Masculine Personal vs Non-Masculine

Niepewni (people) vs niepewne (things).

Adverb Formation

Niepewny -> niepewnie.

Negation with 'nie'

Prefix 'nie-' is written together with adjectives.

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レベル別の例文

Jestem niepewny.

I am unsure.

Simple nominative masculine singular form.

Ona jest niepewna.

She is unsure.

Feminine singular form ending in -a.

To jest niepewne.

That is uncertain.

Neuter singular form ending in -e.

Mam niepewny plan.

I have an uncertain plan.

Accusative masculine singular (same as nominative for inanimate nouns).

Czy on jest niepewny?

Is he unsure?

Interrogative sentence with masculine singular adjective.

To niepewny krok.

This is an uncertain step.

Adjective-noun agreement with a masculine noun.

Pogoda jest niepewna.

The weather is uncertain.

Feminine singular adjective describing 'pogoda'.

Niepewny czas.

Uncertain time.

Basic masculine singular phrase.

Jego głos był bardzo niepewny.

His voice was very uncertain.

Past tense of 'to be' with the masculine singular adjective.

Zrobiła niepewny uśmiech.

She made an uncertain smile.

Accusative case, masculine singular describing 'uśmiech'.

Jutro jest niepewne.

Tomorrow is uncertain.

Neuter singular form used as a predicate.

Oni są niepewni jutra.

They are unsure of tomorrow.

Masculine personal plural form 'niepewni'.

Masz niepewny wzrok.

You have an uncertain look.

Accusative masculine singular.

To niepewna droga do domu.

This is an uncertain way home.

Feminine singular adjective describing 'droga'.

Czułem się niepewny siebie.

I felt unsure of myself.

Masculine singular with the reflexive pronoun 'siebie'.

Wynik meczu był niepewny.

The match result was uncertain.

Masculine singular adjective describing 'wynik'.

Mimo niepewnej pogody, poszliśmy w góry.

Despite the uncertain weather, we went to the mountains.

Genitive feminine singular after the preposition 'mimo'.

Jestem niepewny, czy to dobry pomysł.

I am unsure if this is a good idea.

Adjective followed by a subordinate clause.

Jej niepewne ruchy zdradzały lęk.

Her uncertain movements betrayed fear.

Non-masculine personal plural 'niepewne'.

Żyjemy w niepewnych czasach.

We live in uncertain times.

Locative plural form 'niepewnych'.

On zawsze wydawał się niepewny swoich decyzji.

He always seemed unsure of his decisions.

Genitive plural 'niepewny swoich decyzji'.

To jest bardzo niepewna inwestycja.

This is a very uncertain investment.

Feminine singular adjective used as a description.

Zadał mi niepewne pytanie.

He asked me an uncertain question.

Accusative neuter singular.

Niepewny los czekał uchodźców.

An uncertain fate awaited the refugees.

Nominative masculine singular.

Sytuacja na granicy jest wciąż niepewna.

The situation at the border is still uncertain.

Feminine singular adjective as a predicate.

Dziecko stawiało pierwsze, niepewne kroki.

The child was taking its first, shaky steps.

Accusative plural masculine inanimate 'niepewne'.

Byłem niepewny co do jego prawdziwych intencji.

I was uncertain as to his true intentions.

Phrase 'niepewny co do' + genitive case.

Prognozy ekonomiczne są obecnie niezwykle niepewne.

Economic forecasts are currently extremely uncertain.

Non-masculine personal plural 'niepewne'.

Mówił z niepewnym uśmiechem na twarzy.

He spoke with an uncertain smile on his face.

Instrumental masculine singular after 'z'.

To niepewne źródło informacji, nie ufaj mu.

This is an uncertain source of information, don't trust it.

Neuter singular adjective.

Jego pozycja w firmie stała się niepewna.

His position in the company became uncertain.

Feminine singular adjective describing 'pozycja'.

Niepewni wyborcy mogą zmienić wynik elekcji.

Uncertain voters can change the election result.

Masculine personal plural 'niepewni'.

W obliczu tak niepewnej przyszłości trudno o optymizm.

In the face of such an uncertain future, optimism is hard to come by.

Genitive feminine singular after 'obliczu'.

Jego niepewny status prawny uniemożliwiał mu podróże.

His uncertain legal status made travel impossible for him.

Masculine singular adjective describing 'status'.

Relacja między nimi była niepewna i pełna niedomówień.

The relationship between them was uncertain and full of understatements.

Feminine singular adjective describing 'relacja'.

Zastosowano niepewne metody badawcze, co podważyło wyniki.

Uncertain research methods were used, which undermined the results.

Non-masculine personal plural 'niepewne' in the accusative.

Była to postać o niepewnej konduicie moralnej.

It was a character of uncertain moral conduct.

Genitive feminine singular describing 'konduita'.

Niepewny grunt pod nogami sprawił, że się zachwiał.

Uncertain ground beneath his feet made him stumble.

Nominative masculine singular.

Jego niepewny ton głosu sugerował brak kompetencji.

His uncertain tone of voice suggested a lack of competence.

Masculine singular adjective describing 'ton'.

Wielu artystów prowadzi niepewny żywot.

Many artists lead an uncertain life.

Accusative masculine singular 'żywot'.

Ontologicznie niepewny status bytu był tematem jego rozprawy.

The ontologically uncertain status of being was the subject of his dissertation.

Complex academic sentence using 'niepewny' as an attribute.

Niepewny blask świecy rzucał długie cienie na ściany.

The flickering light of the candle cast long shadows on the walls.

Literary use of 'niepewny' to mean flickering/weak.

Polityka ta opiera się na niepewnych przesłankach metafizycznych.

This policy is based on uncertain metaphysical premises.

Locative plural feminine 'niepewnych przesłankach'.

Jego niepewny uścisk dłoni był jedynym sygnałem słabości.

His uncertain handshake was the only signal of weakness.

Masculine singular adjective describing 'uścisk'.

W literaturze modernizmu często pojawia się motyw niepewnego 'ja'.

In modernist literature, the motif of the uncertain 'self' often appears.

Genitive neuter singular describing 'ja'.

Zjawisko to ma charakter niepewny i efemeryczny.

This phenomenon is of an uncertain and ephemeral nature.

Accusative masculine singular 'charakter'.

Niepewne sojusze dyplomatyczne mogą doprowadzić do wojny.

Uncertain diplomatic alliances can lead to war.

Non-masculine personal plural 'niepewne'.

Czuł niepewny rytm swojego serca w chwilach trwogi.

He felt the uncertain rhythm of his heart in moments of dread.

Accusative masculine singular 'rytm'.

類義語

wątpliwy chwiejny podejrzany zmienny niezdecydowany niestabilny wahający się dyskusyjny

反対語

pewny zdecydowany stabilny bezpieczny

よく使う組み合わせ

niepewny krok

niepewna przyszłość

niepewny siebie

niepewna pogoda

niepewny wynik

niepewny głos

niepewne czasy

niepewny los

niepewny zysk

niepewny grunt

よく使うフレーズ

być niepewnym jutra

— To be unsure of what the next day will bring. It implies general life instability.

Bez stałej pracy człowiek jest niepewny jutra.

robić niepewne miny

— To make faces that show doubt or hesitation. Often used in social contexts.

Goście robili niepewne miny, gdy spróbowałam mojej nowej potrawy.

niepewny uścisk

— A weak or hesitant grip, often reflecting a lack of confidence.

Jego niepewny uścisk dłoni nie zrobił dobrego wrażenia.

niepewne informacje

— Rumors or data that have not been verified yet.

To są na razie niepewne informacje z mediów społecznościowych.

czuć się niepewnie

— To feel uncomfortable or out of place in a situation.

Zawsze czuję się niepewnie w nowym towarzystwie.

niepewny grunt

— A situation that is risky or where one lacks knowledge.

Dyskusja o religii to dla niego niepewny grunt.

niepewne spojrzenie

— A look that shows the person is searching for answers or reassurance.

Rzuciła mi niepewne spojrzenie przed wejściem na salę.

niepewny status

— When the official position of someone or something is not defined.

Jego status w zespole jest obecnie niepewny.

niepewne rokowania

— Guarded or uncertain medical prognosis.

Lekarze dają niepewne rokowania co do powrotu do zdrowia.

niepewny sojusznik

— Someone who might not support you when needed.

On jest bardzo niepewnym sojusznikiem w tej walce.

よく混同される語

niepewny vs niepełny

Means 'incomplete' or 'not full'. It sounds similar but has a different meaning.

niepewny vs niepiękny

Means 'not beautiful'. Only similar in prefix and structure.

niepewny vs niepewność

This is the noun 'uncertainty'. Don't use it as an adjective.

慣用句と表現

"stąpać po niepewnym gruncie"

— To be in a risky situation or to talk about a subject one doesn't know well.

Kiedy zaczął mówić o fizyce kwantowej, poczuł, że stąpa po niepewnym gruncie.

neutral

"niepewny jak pogoda w marcu"

— Extremely changeable and unpredictable. March weather in Poland is notoriously erratic.

Jego nastroje są niepewne jak pogoda w marcu.

informal/proverbial

"mieć niepewne ręce"

— To be nervous or physically shaky, often when performing a delicate task.

Chirurg nie może mieć niepewnych rąk podczas operacji.

neutral

"niepewny swego"

— Not confident in one's own position, arguments, or safety.

Mimo sukcesu, wciąż wydawał się niepewny swego.

literary

"niepewny losu"

— Waiting for a decision that will determine one's future.

Więzień siedział w celi, niepewny swego losu.

formal

"grać o niepewną stawkę"

— To take a risk where the reward is not guaranteed.

Inwestując w start-upy, zawsze grasz o niepewną stawkę.

neutral

"niepewny grunt pod nogami"

— A feeling of losing stability in life or a specific situation.

Po utracie pracy poczuł niepewny grunt pod nogami.

neutral

"mieć niepewny wzrok"

— To look around in a way that shows fear or lack of understanding.

Zagubione dziecko miało niepewny wzrok.

neutral

"niepewny jak domek z kart"

— Very fragile and likely to collapse at any moment.

Ich porozumienie jest niepewne jak domek z kart.

informal

"niepewny uścisk"

— Metaphorically, a weak hold on power or a situation.

Dyktator miał coraz bardziej niepewny uścisk na władzy.

formal

間違えやすい

niepewny vs wątpliwy

Both translate to 'uncertain' or 'doubtful'.

'Wątpliwy' often implies that something is unlikely or suspicious, while 'niepewny' is more about a lack of stability or knowledge.

To jest wątpliwy zaszczyt (dubious honor) vs To jest niepewny wynik (uncertain result).

niepewny vs chwiejny

Both can mean 'unsteady'.

'Chwiejny' is specifically about physical wobbling or emotional mood swings, whereas 'niepewny' is broader.

Chwiejny stół vs Niepewny los.

niepewny vs niezdecydowany

Both relate to a lack of certainty.

'Niezdecydowany' is about the inability to make a choice; 'niepewny' is about a lack of confidence or objective facts.

Jestem niezdecydowany, co zjeść vs Jestem niepewny, czy to prawda.

niepewny vs podejrzany

Uncertainty can lead to suspicion.

'Podejrzany' means you think something is wrong or illegal; 'niepewny' just means you don't know for sure.

Podejrzany typ vs Niepewny gość.

niepewny vs niestabilny

Synonyms for 'unstable'.

'Niestabilny' is more technical/formal and often used for systems or structures at risk of failing.

Niestabilny system vs Niepewna przyszłość.

文型パターン

Jestem niepewny.

To jest niepewna [noun].

To jest niepewna pogoda.

Jestem niepewny [genitive noun].

Jestem niepewny jutra.

Mimo [genitive adjective] [genitive noun]...

Mimo niepewnej pogody...

W obliczu [genitive adjective] [genitive noun]...

W obliczu niepewnej przyszłości...

Niepewny co do [genitive noun]...

Niepewny co do wyniku...

[Noun] o niepewnym charakterze...

Zjawisko o niepewnym charakterze...

Niepewny status [genitive noun]...

Niepewny status prawny oskarżonego.

語族

名詞

niepewność (uncertainty)

pewność (certainty)

pewniak (a sure thing - slang)

動詞

upewnić (to make sure)

upewniać (to be making sure)

zapewnić (to ensure/provide)

形容詞

pewny (certain)

niepewny (uncertain)

pewny siebie (self-confident)

使い方

frequency

Very common in both spoken and written Polish.

よくある間違い

On jest niepewna. → On jest niepewny.
The adjective must match the masculine subject 'On'.
Jestem niepewny o wynik. → Jestem niepewny wyniku.
In Polish, the genitive case is used directly without the preposition 'o' in this context.
Oni są niepewne. → Oni są niepewni.
When referring to a group of men or a mixed group, use the masculine personal plural 'niepewni'.
To jest wątpliwy krok. → To jest niepewny krok.
If the step is physically shaky, 'niepewny' is the correct choice. 'Wątpliwy' implies it was a bad idea.
Czuję niepewny. → Czuję niepewność.
You feel a noun (uncertainty), not an adjective (uncertain).

ヒント

Adjective Endings

Always match 'niepewny' with the noun's gender. Masculine: niepewny, Feminine: niepewna, Neuter: niepewne.

Niepewny Siebie

This is the standard way to say someone lacks self-confidence. Don't forget to use 'siebie'!

Nuance with Wątpliwy

Use 'wątpliwy' for things that are suspicious or unlikely, and 'niepewny' for things that are simply not guaranteed.

The Y Sound

Practice the Polish 'y' to avoid confusing the singular 'niepewny' with the plural 'niepewni'.

Weather Context

In Poland, 'niepewna pogoda' is a very common phrase. Use it when the sky looks like it might rain but hasn't yet.

Business Caution

Use 'niepewny' in business to manage expectations about deadlines or project outcomes.

No-Pen-y

Remember: No pen? Unsure (niepewny) of the answer!

Case Government

Remember that being unsure 'of something' usually requires the genitive case in Polish.

Social Cues

Saying someone is 'niepewny' is more polite than saying they are 'strachliwy' (fearful).

Metaphorical Ground

Use 'niepewny grunt' to describe a risky topic of conversation or a difficult legal situation.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'NIE' (No) + 'PEWNY' (Sure). If you are NOT SURE, you are NIEPEWNY. Imagine a person saying 'NIE' to a 'PEW' (church bench) because it looks shaky.

視覚的連想

Visualize a tightrope walker taking a 'niepewny krok' (shaky step) on a thin wire high above the ground.

Word Web

niepewny niepewność wątpliwość strach ryzyko zmiana przyszłość wahanie

チャレンジ

Try to use 'niepewny' in three different contexts today: once for your feelings, once for the weather, and once for a physical object.

語源

The word 'niepewny' is formed by the prefix 'nie-' (not) and the adjective 'pewny' (sure/certain). The root 'pew-' comes from the Old Polish 'pewny', which is related to the Proto-Slavic '*pěvьnъ'.

元の意味： The original meaning related to being 'fixed', 'firm', or 'trustworthy'.

Indo-European -> Slavic -> West Slavic -> Lechitic -> Polish.

文化的な背景

Be careful when describing someone as 'niepewny siebie' in a professional review, as it can sound like a lack of leadership ability.

English speakers often use 'unsure' for people and 'uncertain' for situations. Polish uses 'niepewny' for both, which can be a point of simplification for learners.

The poem 'Niepewność' by Adam Mickiewicz, which explores the ambiguity of love. Polish news segments often use the phrase 'Niepewna przyszłość' when discussing EU regulations. The song 'Niepewność' performed by Marek Grechuta, a classic of Polish sung poetry.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Weather

Niepewna pogoda
Prognozy są niepewne
Niebo wygląda niepewnie
Niepewny front atmosferyczny

Finance

Niepewna inwestycja
Niepewny zysk
Niepewna sytuacja na giełdzie
Niepewne rynki

Personal Feelings

Jestem niepewny siebie
Czuć się niepewnie
Niepewny głos
Niepewny uśmiech

Politics

Niepewna koalicja
Niepewny wynik wyborów
Niepewna przyszłość kraju
Niepewny sojusz

Physical State

Niepewny krok
Niepewna konstrukcja
Niepewny grunt
Niepewna poręcz

会話のきっかけ

"Czy czujesz się czasem niepewny siebie w nowym miejscu?"

"Co sądzisz o obecnej, niepewnej sytuacji na świecie?"

"Czy uważasz, że inwestowanie w kryptowaluty jest zbyt niepewne?"

"Jak radzisz sobie, gdy Twoja przyszłość wydaje się niepewna?"

"Czy kiedykolwiek miałeś niepewny uścisk dłoni, który Cię zawstydził?"

日記のテーマ

Opisz sytuację, w której czułeś się bardzo niepewny swoich decyzji.

Czy wolisz stabilne życie, czy akceptujesz niepewny los dla większych przygód?

Napisz o tym, jak niepewna pogoda wpłynęła na Twoje plany wakacyjne.

Zastanów się, dlaczego niektórzy ludzie są bardziej niepewni siebie niż inni.

Opisz świat za 50 lat - czy Twoja wizja jest pewna czy raczej niepewna?

よくある質問

10 問

Not necessarily, but it usually implies a lack of comfort or security. A 'niepewny wynik' (uncertain result) can sometimes be a good thing if you were expecting a bad one, but generally, humans prefer certainty. In literature, it can be used neutrally to describe a flickering light or a mysterious atmosphere.

You can say 'Nie jestem pewny' (masculine) or 'Nie jestem pewna' (feminine). Alternatively, you can say 'Jestem niepewny/niepewna', but the first version is slightly more common for expressing a simple lack of knowledge.

Yes, it describes someone who lacks self-confidence ('niepewny siebie') or someone who is currently hesitating. For example: 'On jest bardzo niepewny w nowej pracy' (He is very unsure in his new job).

'Niepewny' refers to a lack of confidence or certainty about facts/stability. 'Niezdecydowany' refers specifically to someone who cannot make a choice between options. You are 'niezdecydowany' at a restaurant, but 'niepewny' about the future.

It is usually followed by the genitive case. For example: 'niepewny (czego?) sukcesu'. You can also use 'co do' followed by the genitive: 'niepewny co do (czego?) wyniku'.

It is a sound that doesn't exist in English. It's similar to the 'i' in 'bit' but produced deeper in the throat. Avoid making it sound like 'ee' in 'see', which would change it to the plural form 'niepewni'.

Yes, very often. It describes 'niepewne rynki' (uncertain markets), 'niepewne zyski' (uncertain profits), or 'niepewne terminy' (unconfirmed deadlines).

Yes, it can mean 'shaky' or 'unstable'. A 'niepewny most' is a shaky bridge. A 'niepewny krok' is a shaky step.

The adverb is 'niepewnie'. For example: 'On szedł niepewnie' (He walked unsteadily) or 'Uśmiechnęła się niepewnie' (She smiled uncertainly).

Yes, the noun is 'niepewność', which means 'uncertainty'. It is a feminine noun.

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