The Portuguese verb desparafusar is a specific technical action that every DIY enthusiast, mechanic, or person assembling flat-pack furniture will eventually encounter. At its core, it means to remove a screw or to unfasten something that is held in place by screws. It is the direct opposite of parafusar (to screw in). The word is composed of the prefix des- (denoting reversal or removal) and the noun parafuso (screw), followed by the verbal suffix -ar. While it sounds complex to an English speaker due to its length, it is a very logical construction in Portuguese morphology.
- Mechanical Context
- This is the primary use case. Whether you are fixing a car engine, opening a computer case, or taking apart an old wooden cabinet, you are performing the act of 'desparafusar'. It implies the use of a tool, typically a chave de fendas (screwdriver).
Antes de trocar a bateria do controle remoto, você precisa desparafusar a tampa traseira com cuidado.
In everyday life, you use this word when a physical object is stuck or needs maintenance. It is not just about the screw itself but the liberation of the component it secures. For instance, if a door hinge is squeaky and needs replacing, the first step is always to desparafusar the old hardware. It is a precise verb; while you could say tirar o parafuso (take out the screw), using desparafusar shows a higher level of linguistic competence and technical accuracy.
- Household Maintenance
- Commonly heard when assembling or disassembling furniture from stores like IKEA. If you move house, you will spend a lot of time 'desparafusando' your bed frames and wardrobes to make them portable.
O carpinteiro teve que desparafusar toda a estrutura para encontrar o defeito interno.
Beyond the physical act, there is a metaphorical sense, though less common, relating to 'unwinding' or 'loosening' a situation. However, in 99% of cases, stick to the literal meaning of removing screws. If you are talking about bolts, you might also hear desatarraxar, but desparafusar remains the most versatile term for anything involving threading and rotational removal.
- Professional Use
- Electricians and plumbers use this word constantly. In a professional blueprint or manual, the instruction will explicitly state 'desparafuse o componente A' to ensure the technician knows exactly how to proceed without damaging the material.
Não tente desparafusar o painel elétrico enquanto a energia estiver ligada.
Preciso de uma chave Phillips para desparafusar estes parafusos pequenos.
Finally, consider the effort involved. Desparafusar can sometimes be difficult if the screw is rusted (enferrujado) or stripped (espanado). In these cases, the verb is often accompanied by adverbs like cuidadosamente (carefully) or com força (with strength). Understanding this word is essential for anyone living in a Portuguese-speaking country who intends to do even the simplest home repairs or understand instructions on a product label.
Using desparafusar correctly involves understanding its transitivity; it is a transitive verb, meaning it almost always requires a direct object—the thing you are unscrewing. You don't just 'unscrew'; you unscrew a plate, a lid, or a screw itself. In Portuguese, the structure is typically [Subject] + [Conjugated Verb] + [Object].
- Direct Object Usage
- The most common objects are 'o parafuso' (the screw), 'a tampa' (the lid/cover), or 'a placa' (the plate). For example: 'Eu desparafusei a placa de metal'.
Você pode desparafusar essa prateleira para mim, por favor?
When conjugating in the present tense, it follows the standard -ar pattern: eu desparafuso, tu desparafusas, ele desparafusa, nós desparafusamos, vós desparafusais, eles desparafusam. In a command context (imperative), which is very frequent for this verb, you would say 'Desparafuse!' (formal/standard) or 'Desparafusa!' (informal in Brazil).
- Imperative Forms
- Used in instructions: 'Primeiro, desparafuse os quatro cantos da caixa'. This tells the user exactly where to start the disassembly process.
Nós desparafusamos os móveis antigos antes da mudança para facilitar o transporte.
In the past tense (Pretérito Perfeito), it describes a completed action: 'Ele desparafusou o suporte da TV'. This is useful for reporting what has already been done during a repair process. If the action was habitual or ongoing in the past (Pretérito Imperfeito), you would use 'desparafusava'.
- Future Intentions
- Using the immediate future with 'ir': 'Vou desparafusar a maçaneta amanhã'. This is the most common way to express future plans in spoken Portuguese.
Se você desparafusar com muita força, pode estragar a fenda do parafuso.
Para limpar o ventilador, é necessário desparafusar a grade de proteção frontal.
The verb also works well in the gerund form (desparafusando) to describe an action in progress: 'Estou desparafusando a tampa agora, espere um minuto'. This is essential for providing real-time updates during a collaborative task. By mastering these patterns, you can confidently navigate any situation involving tools and assembly.
The word desparafusar is ubiquitous in specific environments, making it a 'domain-specific' but common term. You won't hear it in a poetry reading, but you will hear it constantly in hardware stores, mechanical workshops, and during any home renovation project.
- The Hardware Store (Loja de Ferragens)
- When asking for advice on how to remove a stuck fixture, the clerk might say: 'Você vai precisar de um lubrificante antes de tentar desparafusar isso'. This is a classic interaction where the verb is central to the problem-solving dialogue.
O mecânico disse que precisa desparafusar o cárter para verificar o vazamento de óleo.
In a professional workshop (oficina), the sounds of pneumatic tools are often followed by the verb. Mechanics use it to describe the disassembly of complex machinery. If you take your car for a service, the technician might explain the labor costs by detailing all the components they had to desparafusar just to reach a small sensor.
- DIY and Assembly Manuals
- Written instructions are a primary source for this word. Manuals for electronics, toys, and furniture use the imperative 'Desparafuse' as a step-by-step guide. It is often paired with diagrams showing a screwdriver turning counter-clockwise.
No manual de instruções, diz para desparafusar os parafusos A e B antes de puxar a alça.
You will also hear it in domestic settings. When a child's toy needs new batteries, a parent might say, 'Espera, deixa eu desparafusar aqui para colocar as pilhas'. It is a word that bridges the gap between professional technical jargon and everyday practical communication. Even in school settings, during science experiments or robotics classes, students are frequently instructed to desparafusar components.
- Construction Sites
- On a 'canteiro de obras', workers use this verb when removing scaffolding or temporary wooden forms. It implies a systematic dismantling rather than a destructive demolition.
Tivemos que desparafusar os andaimes após o término da pintura da fachada.
Cuidado ao desparafusar a lente da câmera; ela é extremamente sensível à poeira.
In summary, desparafusar is the sound of progress in reverse—the necessary step before cleaning, fixing, or upgrading almost any physical object in our modern world. Whether spoken by a father teaching his daughter how to fix a bike or a lead engineer on a production line, the word carries the same weight of mechanical necessity.
Learning a long word like desparafusar comes with several pitfalls for English speakers. The first and most common is a spelling and pronunciation error: forgetting the 's' after 'para'. Many learners mistakenly say 'desparafuar' or 'desparafurar'. The 's' is crucial because it stems from parafuso (screw).
- Spelling Confusion
- Don't confuse 'parafuso' (screw) with 'parafuso' (the verb's stem). The 's' in the middle of the word is pronounced like a 'z' because it sits between two vowels (u and a). So, it's 'des-pa-ra-fu-ZAR'.
Errado: Eu vou desparafuar a porta.
Correto: Eu vou desparafusar a porta.
Another mistake involves the choice of verb for different types of fasteners. While desparafusar is perfect for screws, it is sometimes used incorrectly for things that are simply 'unplugged' or 'unbolted'. For a bolt (porca/parafuso sextavado), desparafusar is acceptable, but desatarraxar or soltar might be more precise in a professional setting. However, never use desparafusar for buttons on clothing; that would be desabotoar.
- Overgeneralization
- Learners often use 'desparafusar' for opening jars. While it involves a twisting motion, the correct verb for a jar lid is usually 'abrir' or 'desenroscar'.
Errado: Você pode desenroscar o parafuso?
Correto: Você pode desparafusar o parafuso?
A subtle grammatical error is forgetting the preposition 'de' when it's not needed. Unlike some verbs that require a preposition to link to an object, desparafusar is direct. You 'desparafusar algo', not 'desparafusar de algo'. Confusion often arises because of the prefix des-, which in some other verbs does trigger a prepositional phrase.
- Verb Tense Confusion
- In the past tense, learners sometimes forget the irregular-sounding but regular ending: 'Eu desparafusei'. The 'e' ending for -ar verbs in the first person singular past can be tricky for beginners who expect an 'o' or 'ai'.
Errado: Ontem eu desparafusou o armário.
Correto: Ontem eu desparafusei o armário.
Não desparafuse nada sem antes ler o aviso de segurança.
Finally, watch out for the 'lefty-loosey' rule. In Portuguese, we don't have a catchy rhyme like that, but the concept is the same. If you are describing the direction, use 'sentido anti-horário' (counter-clockwise). Saying 'desparafusar para a esquerda' is common but can be ambiguous depending on where the screwdriver is positioned.
While desparafusar is the most specific term for removing screws, Portuguese offers several alternatives depending on the nuance of the action or the object being handled. Understanding these synonyms will make your speech more fluid and precise.
- Desatarraxar
- Very similar to 'desparafusar', but specifically refers to removing things that are 'atarraxados' (threaded/screwed in tightly). It is often used for bolts or threaded pipes. In many contexts, they are interchangeable.
Você precisa desatarraxar a porca antes de tirar a roda.
Another frequent alternative is desenroscar. This verb is primarily used for things that screw on with a large thread, like the cap of a bottle, a lightbulb, or a hose connector. While you desparafusar a small screw in a computer, you desenroscar a lightbulb from its socket.
- Desenroscar vs. Desparafusar
- Use 'desenroscar' for wider objects (caps, bulbs) and 'desparafusar' for actual metal screws that require a tool.
É mais fácil desenroscar a lâmpada quando ela estiver fria.
For broader actions, desmontar (to disassemble) is a great word. If you are taking apart a whole piece of furniture, you are desmontando it, which involves many individual acts of desparafusar. If you are just loosening a screw without fully removing it, the verb is desapertar (to loosen/un-tighten).
- Desapertar
- Use this when the goal is to reduce tension. 'Desaperte o parafuso um pouco para ajustar a posição'. It doesn't necessarily mean taking the screw all the way out.
Vamos desmontar a estante para que ela caiba no carro.
Pode soltar esses parafusos laterais para liberar a tampa.
In summary, choose desparafusar for screws, desenroscar for caps and bulbs, desapertar for loosening, and desmontar for the whole project. This variety allows you to describe the mechanical world with the precision of a native speaker.
レベル別の例文
Eu vou desparafusar a caixa.
I am going to unscrew the box.
Simple future with 'vou' + infinitive.
Você desparafusa o brinquedo?
Do you unscrew the toy?
Present tense question.
O parafuso é difícil de desparafusar.
The screw is difficult to unscrew.
Adjective + 'de' + infinitive.
Nós desparafusamos a mesa azul.
We unscrew the blue table.
Present tense, 'nós' form.
Ela quer desparafusar a porta.
She wants to unscrew the door.
Verb 'querer' + infinitive.
Não desparafuse isso agora!
Don't unscrew that now!
Negative imperative.
Eu preciso de uma chave para desparafusar.
I need a tool to unscrew.
'Para' + infinitive indicating purpose.
Eles desparafusam a cadeira.
They unscrew the chair.
Present tense, 'eles' form.
Para trocar as pilhas, desparafuse a tampa.
To change the batteries, unscrew the cover.
Imperative used in instructions.
Eu desparafusei o armário ontem à noite.
I unscrewed the cabinet last night.
Pretérito Perfeito (simple past).
Você consegue desparafusar esta peça?
Can you manage to unscrew this piece?
'Conseguir' + infinitive.
Nós vamos desparafusar a estante para a mudança.
We are going to unscrew the bookshelf for the move.
Future with 'ir' + infinitive.
Ele estava desparafusando a bicicleta quando cheguei.
He was unscrewing the bicycle when I arrived.
Past continuous (imperfeito + gerund).
É necessário desparafusar os quatro cantos.
It is necessary to unscrew the four corners.
Impersonal expression + infinitive.
Por que você está desparafusando a janela?
Why are you unscrewing the window?
Present continuous.
Eu nunca desparafusei um motor antes.
I have never unscrewed an engine before.
Past tense with negation 'nunca'.
Se eu tivesse a ferramenta certa, já teria desparafusado tudo.
If I had the right tool, I would have already unscrewed everything.
Conditional sentence with imperfect subjunctive.
O manual sugere que se desparafuse a base primeiro.
The manual suggests that the base be unscrewed first.
Subjunctive after 'sugere que'.
Enquanto ele desparafusava o painel, eu segurava a lanterna.
While he was unscrewing the panel, I was holding the flashlight.
Past imperfect describing simultaneous actions.
A peça ficou solta depois que desparafusamos o suporte.
The piece became loose after we unscrewed the support.
Past tense with temporal clause 'depois que'.
Você deve desparafusar com cuidado para não danificar a madeira.
You must unscrew carefully so as not to damage the wood.
Modal 'deve' + infinitive.
Espero que eles consigam desparafusar a fechadura antiga.
I hope they can unscrew the old lock.
Present subjunctive after 'espero que'.
Ao desparafusar a máquina, encontramos muita sujeira.
Upon unscrewing the machine, we found a lot of dirt.
'Ao' + infinitive (temporal).
Ninguém conseguiu desparafusar o parafuso enferrujado.
Nobody managed to unscrew the rusty screw.
Negative subject 'ninguém'.
A estrutura começou a ceder assim que ele terminou de desparafusar a viga.
The structure began to give way as soon as he finished unscrewing the beam.
Temporal conjunction 'assim que'.
É fundamental que você desparafuse os componentes na ordem correta.
It is fundamental that you unscrew the components in the correct order.
Subjunctive after 'é fundamental que'.
Caso você desparafuse a tampa frontal, a garantia será anulada.
In case you unscrew the front cover, the warranty will be voided.
Future subjunctive with 'caso'.
O técnico desparafusou o HD com uma precisão cirúrgica.
The technician unscrewed the hard drive with surgical precision.
Adverbial phrase 'com uma precisão cirúrgica'.
Mesmo desparafusando todos os parafusos, a placa não saía.
Even unscrewing all the screws, the plate wouldn't come off.
Concessive gerund 'mesmo desparafusando'.
Deveríamos ter desparafusado a mesa antes de tentar passá-la pela porta.
We should have unscrewed the table before trying to pass it through the door.
Compound conditional 'deveríamos ter' + participle.
O parafuso espanou enquanto eu tentava desparafusá-lo.
The screw stripped while I was trying to unscrew it.
Pronominal object '-lo' attached to infinitive.
A vibração constante fez com que alguns parafusos se desparafusassem sozinhos.
The constant vibration caused some screws to unscrew themselves.
Reflexive 'se' indicating spontaneous action.
Embora a tarefa parecesse simples, desparafusar aquela liga metálica exigiu ferramentas especiais.
Although the task seemed simple, unscrewing that metal alloy required special tools.
Concessive clause with 'embora' + subjunctive.
Se tivéssemos desparafusado o reator a tempo, o vazamento teria sido evitado.
If we had unscrewed the reactor in time, the leak would have been avoided.
Conditional perfect (pluperfect subjunctive + conditional perfect).
A complexidade de desparafusar componentes subaquáticos é frequentemente subestimada.
The complexity of unscrewing underwater components is often underestimated.
Passive voice 'é subestimada'.
Ao desparafusar o invólucro, o engenheiro notou sinais de corrosão galvânica.
Upon unscrewing the casing, the engineer noticed signs of galvanic corrosion.
Temporal 'ao' + infinitive.
Seria prudente que o estagiário não tentasse desparafusar a válvula de alta pressão.
It would be prudent for the intern not to try to unscrew the high-pressure valve.
Negative subjunctive in a formal recommendation.
A peça, uma vez desparafusada, revelou um mecanismo interno datado do século XIX.
The piece, once unscrewed, revealed an internal mechanism dating from the 19th century.
Reduced relative clause with participle 'uma vez desparafusada'.
Não convém desparafusar o suporte sem antes garantir a estabilidade da carga.
It is not advisable to unscrew the support without first ensuring the stability of the load.
Formal expression 'não convém' + infinitive.
O sucesso da operação dependia de desparafusarmos o módulo em menos de dez segundos.
The success of the operation depended on us unscrewing the module in less than ten seconds.
Personal infinitive 'desparafusarmos'.
A hermenêutica do texto permite-nos, por assim dizer, desparafusar as camadas superficiais do discurso.
The hermeneutics of the text allow us, so to speak, to unscrew the superficial layers of the discourse.
Metaphorical use in a highly formal academic context.
Oxalá tivessem desparafusado a estrutura antes que a oxidação a tornasse perenemente fixa.
If only they had unscrewed the structure before oxidation made it permanently fixed.
Optative 'oxalá' + pluperfect subjunctive.
A minúcia exigida para desparafusar tais filigranas eletrônicas beira o impossível para mãos humanas.
The precision required to unscrew such electronic filigrees borders on the impossible for human hands.
Subject is a complex noun phrase 'A minúcia exigida...'
Haja o que houver, não permita que desparafusem o selo de segurança do acelerador.
Whatever happens, do not allow them to unscrew the security seal of the accelerator.
Idiomatic 'haja o que houver' + subjunctive command.
O restauro implicou desparafusar cada dobradiça com solventes químicos específicos.
The restoration involved unscrewing each hinge with specific chemical solvents.
Verb 'implicar' in the sense of 'to involve/require'.
A despeito de sua resistência, o artefato acabou por se desparafusar ante a pressão centrífuga.
Despite its resistance, the artifact eventually unscrewed itself under centrifugal pressure.
Concessive 'a despeito de' + reflexive verb.
Tão logo desparafuseis os fechos, a pressão interna se equalizará com a atmosfera.
As soon as you (plural, formal) unscrew the latches, the internal pressure will equalize with the atmosphere.
Future subjunctive 'desparafuseis' (vós form).
A desparafusação, se assim a podemos chamar, revelou um segredo há muito oculto no âmago da estátua.
The unscrewing, if we may call it that, revealed a secret long hidden in the heart of the statue.
Nominalization 'desparafusação' used as a stylistic device.
関連コンテンツ
homeの関連語
à direita de
A2To the right side of something or someone.
à esquerda de
A2To the left side of something or someone.
a gás
B1ガス式の。ガスを燃料として動く機器や車両を指す言葉です。
a minha
B1My (feminine singular possessive determiner).
a nossa
B1私たちの（女性単数形）。
a tua
B1あなたの（親しい間柄、女性名詞用）。'a tua casa' は「あなたの家」という意味です。
abafado
A2この部屋は窓がなくて、とても息苦しいです。
abaixo de
A2猫はテーブルの下 (abaixo de) にいます。
abajur
A2アバジュールは、シェードの付いた小さなテーブルランプのことです。
abrir à chave
A2鍵で開ける。鍵を使ってドアや箱のロックを解除する行為。
