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A2 adjective #10,000 よく出る 11分で読める

envelhecida

上位10,000

練習する例文メモとヒント envelhecida 30秒で

解説 envelhecida in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn adjectives. You should focus on the fact that envelhecida means 'aged' or 'looking old' and that it is the feminine form. You might see it in simple descriptions of things like a 'casa envelhecida' (an old/aged house). At this stage, just remember that adjectives in Portuguese must change their ending to match the person or thing they are describing. If you are talking about a woman, you use the 'a' at the end. If you are talking about a man, you use 'o' (envelhecido). You don't need to worry about the complex nuances yet; just think of it as a more specific way to say 'old'. For example, if you see a picture of an old lady, you might say 'Ela parece envelhecida'. It is a good word to start expanding your vocabulary beyond the basic 'velha'. You will likely encounter it in reading exercises about families or descriptions of old buildings in a city. Try to notice the pattern: 'a' for feminine, 'o' for masculine. This is one of the fundamental rules of Portuguese grammar that you are learning right now.

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At the A2 level, you should start to understand that envelhecida comes from the verb envelhecer (to age). This is the past participle form used as an adjective. You will use it to describe states that have resulted from a process. For example, 'A pele está envelhecida pelo sol' (The skin is aged by the sun). You are now learning the difference between the verbs ser and estar. With envelhecida, we almost always use estar or parecer because we are describing a current state or an appearance. You might also start to see this word in the context of food or drinks, like 'bebida envelhecida'. It's important to start distinguishing it from velha. While velha is just 'old', envelhecida sounds a bit more formal and descriptive. You might use it in a short writing task about your hometown, describing the 'ruas envelhecidas' (aged streets). Focus on the agreement: uma cadeira envelhecida (feminine), um livro envelhecido (masculine). This level is about building confidence with these common descriptive words in everyday contexts.

At the B1 level, you can handle more nuanced uses of envelhecida. You should be able to use it in more complex sentences and understand its metaphorical meanings. For instance, you might describe a 'voz envelhecida' (an aged voice) to imply it sounds raspy or experienced. You are also becoming more aware of the social implications of words. You'll know that calling someone envelhecida can be a bit sensitive, as it focuses on the physical signs of aging rather than just their age. You will encounter this word in news articles or magazine stories, perhaps discussing health, skincare, or history. You should also be comfortable using it in the passive voice: 'A madeira foi envelhecida para parecer uma antiguidade' (The wood was aged to look like an antique). At B1, you are expected to move beyond simple descriptions and start expressing opinions and observations. Using envelhecida instead of just velha shows that you have a more sophisticated grasp of the language and can describe the *quality* of being old, not just the fact of it.

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At the B2 level, you should be familiar with envelhecida in a wide variety of professional and literary contexts. You will see it in technical descriptions, such as 'população envelhecida' (an aging/aged population) when discussing sociology or demographics. You should also understand its use in the world of fine dining and spirits, where 'aguardente envelhecida' is a term of quality. Your understanding of the word should include its ability to describe abstract concepts, like an 'ideia envelhecida' (an outdated or stale idea). You can now use the word to add texture to your writing and speaking. Instead of saying something is 'old and broken', you might say it is 'envelhecida e desgastada pelo tempo' (aged and worn by time). You should also be able to recognize the word in different tenses of the verb envelhecer and understand how the past participle functions as an adjective in various syntactic positions. At this level, you are refining your vocabulary to choose the most precise word for the situation, and envelhecida is a key tool for describing maturation and the physical effects of time.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep, intuitive understanding of envelhecida. You can use it to convey subtle shades of meaning and emotion. You might use it in a literary analysis to describe the 'estética envelhecida' (aged aesthetic) of a film or a poem. You understand the difference between 'envelhecida' and its many synonyms like 'decrépita', 'caduca', 'ancestral', or 'veterana'. You can use the word in formal debates or academic papers, perhaps discussing the 'sociedade envelhecida' and its economic implications. You are also aware of regional variations in how the word might be used or perceived across the Lusophone world. Your use of the word is effortless, and you can play with its connotations—using it to evoke nostalgia in one sentence and clinical precision in the next. You understand that envelhecida is not just a descriptor but often carries a narrative of what has happened to the object or person over time. You can use it in complex grammatical structures, including those involving reduced relative clauses or as part of sophisticated idiomatic expressions.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of envelhecida is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker. You can use it with absolute precision in any context, from the most technical scientific report to the most evocative piece of creative writing. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its root velho. You can appreciate and use the word in wordplay, irony, or highly formal oratory. You might use it to describe the 'alma envelhecida' of a young protagonist in a philosophical essay, or the 'técnica envelhecida' of a master craftsman in a specialized journal. You are fully aware of the phonetic nuances of the word in different dialects (such as the difference between the Portuguese and Brazilian pronunciation of the 'e' and 'd'). At this level, envelhecida is just one of thousands of tools in your linguistic arsenal, and you use it to create rich, layered meanings that go far beyond simple translation. You can discuss the 'envelhecida' quality of a vintage port wine with the same ease as you would describe the 'envelhecida' appearance of a historical monument, choosing the word precisely because of the specific process of time it implies.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

envelhecida 30秒で

Envelhecida is the feminine singular adjective for 'aged' or 'looking old' in Portuguese.
It comes from the verb 'envelhecer' and implies a process of aging or maturation.
It is used for people, skin, drinks, furniture, and abstract concepts like ideas.
Always ensure it agrees with feminine nouns; use 'envelhecido' for masculine ones.

The Portuguese word envelhecida is a versatile adjective and the feminine past participle of the verb envelhecer, which means 'to age' or 'to grow old'. At its core, it describes a female subject or a feminine noun that has undergone the process of aging, whether that process is natural, premature, or intentional. Unlike the simple adjective velha (old), which often denotes a chronological state or a static condition, envelhecida carries a nuance of transformation. It implies that time has left its mark, suggesting a transition from a state of youth or newness to one of maturity or wear. This word is frequently employed in contexts ranging from dermatology and beauty—referring to skin that shows signs of aging—to gastronomy, where it describes spirits or foods that have been matured to enhance their flavor profile.

Biological Aging: When referring to a person, it often describes someone who appears older than their actual years or whose features reflect the hardships of life. It is more descriptive and sometimes more sensitive than simply calling someone 'old'.
Artistic and Material Contexts: In the world of antiques or interior design, an object might be described as envelhecida if it has a patina or has been treated to look vintage. For example, a piece of furniture with a distressed finish is often called 'madeira envelhecida'.
Culinary Maturity: In Portuguese-speaking cultures, particularly in Portugal, high-quality spirits like 'aguardente' (brandy) are frequently labeled as envelhecida to indicate they have been aged in oak barrels, which is a mark of prestige and quality.

Understanding the emotional weight of this word is crucial. In some instances, calling a woman envelhecida can be perceived as a commentary on her health or stress levels, suggesting she looks 'haggard' or 'worn out'. However, in the context of craftsmanship, it is a term of high praise, denoting depth, character, and value. For example, a voice can be described as envelhecida, implying it has become rich and raspy with experience. The word functions as a bridge between the physical reality of time passing and the aesthetic or qualitative results of that passage.

A mobília daquela sala parecia propositalmente envelhecida para dar um ar rústico ao ambiente.

Depois de tantos anos de trabalho duro no campo, ela tinha uma expressão envelhecida.

A aguardente envelhecida em pipos de carvalho tem um sabor incomparável.

A fotografia, já um pouco envelhecida, guardava memórias de um tempo esquecido.

A estrutura da ponte, visivelmente envelhecida, precisava de reformas urgentes.

In summary, envelhecida is not just a synonym for 'old'. It is a word that describes the process of time's passage and the physical or qualitative evidence of that journey. It is used equally to describe the tragic wear of a person's face and the sophisticated maturation of a fine wine or a piece of art.

Using envelhecida correctly requires an understanding of Portuguese adjective agreement and its placement within a sentence. As a feminine singular adjective, it is used to describe feminine nouns like mulher (woman), pele (skin), bebida (drink), or casa (house). If the noun is masculine, such as homem (man) or vinho (wine), the form changes to envelhecido. For plural feminine nouns, it becomes envelhecidas. This section explores the grammatical nuances and common syntactic structures where this word appears.

Attributive Usage: When placed directly after a noun, it functions as a descriptive attribute. For example: 'Uma cachaça envelhecida' (An aged cachaça). In this position, it provides a specific characteristic that distinguishes the noun from others of its kind.
Predicative Usage with Linking Verbs: It is often used with verbs like estar (to be - temporary/result), parecer (to seem), or ficar (to become). Example: 'A sua pele está envelhecida' (Your skin is/looks aged). Using 'estar' suggests that the aging is a noticeable result of some process or condition.
Adverbial Modification: You can modify the intensity of the aging with adverbs. 'Muito envelhecida' (Very aged) or 'Precocemente envelhecida' (Prematurely aged). This is common in medical or aesthetic discussions.

One of the most important aspects of using envelhecida is the choice between the verbs ser and estar. While ser might be used to describe an inherent quality (e.g., 'Esta é uma técnica envelhecida' - This is an aged/old technique), estar is much more common because aging is viewed as a process or a state reached over time. If you say 'Ela está envelhecida', you are commenting on her current appearance, perhaps implying she has aged significantly since you last saw her. If you say 'Ela é envelhecida', it sounds grammatically awkward in most contexts, as 'idosa' would be the preferred term for 'elderly'.

A parede da igreja, envelhecida pelos séculos, tinha rachaduras profundas.

Ela comprou uma jaqueta de couro com aparência envelhecida.

A voz dela, envelhecida pelo fumo, era rouca e cansada.

A pintura envelhecida do quadro precisava de restauro.

Sentia-se uma alma envelhecida num corpo ainda jovem.

Furthermore, envelhecida can be used metaphorically. An 'ideia envelhecida' is an idea that is no longer fresh or relevant, though 'ultrapassada' (outdated) is more common for this specific meaning. When using it for people, be careful: 'Ela parece envelhecida' can be a harsh critique of someone's appearance. It focuses on the physical decline rather than the wisdom of age.

The word envelhecida is ubiquitous in specific domains of Portuguese daily life and professional spheres. If you are living in a Portuguese-speaking country, you will encounter it in several distinct environments, each giving the word a slightly different flavor. From the labels of luxury goods to the clinical language of a doctor's office, understanding these contexts will help you grasp the word's full semantic range.

The Supermarket and Wine Cellar: In Portugal, look at the bottles of 'Aguardente Vínica'. You will often see the word envelhecida followed by the number of years (e.g., 'envelhecida 10 anos'). In this context, it is a sign of value and slow craftsmanship. Similarly, certain cheeses (queijos) that have been matured might be described this way, though 'curado' is more common for cheese.
Dermatology and Cosmetics: On television commercials or in pharmacies, you will hear about products for 'pele envelhecida'. Marketing for anti-aging creams often uses this term to describe the target skin type. It sounds more clinical and less offensive than 'pele velha'.
Literature and Journalism: In novels, authors use envelhecida to paint a picture of a character's state of mind or a setting's atmosphere. A 'cidade envelhecida' suggests a place that has seen better days, perhaps with crumbling architecture and a declining population.

You might also hear it in the context of history and restoration. When discussing the preservation of ancient documents or paintings, experts will talk about the 'camada envelhecida' (aged layer) of varnish or the 'folha envelhecida' (aged leaf/page) of a manuscript. In these cases, the word is strictly descriptive and carries no negative connotation; it is simply a statement of fact regarding the physical state of the object.

Esta aguardente foi envelhecida durante duas décadas em barris de carvalho francês.

O dermatologista recomendou um sérum específico para a pele envelhecida pelo sol.

A vila, com as suas casas de pedra envelhecida, parecia parada no tempo.

In conversation, if someone says 'A Maria está muito envelhecida', they are often expressing surprise or concern about how much older she looks compared to the last time they saw her. It is a common way to comment on the visible effects of stress, illness, or simply the rapid passage of time. In social settings, it is a word used with caution, as it focuses on the loss of youth.

When learning Portuguese, it is easy to confuse envelhecida with other words related to age. Because English often uses 'old' or 'aged' interchangeably, students might misapply the Portuguese equivalents. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Portuguese sound more natural and precise. The most frequent errors involve gender agreement, confusion with 'idosa' or 'velha', and the incorrect use of verbs.

Gender Agreement Errors: Since envelhecida is feminine, it can only modify feminine nouns. A common mistake is saying 'O vinho está envelhecida'. Correct: 'O vinho está envelhecido'. Always check the gender of the noun.
Confusion with 'Idosa': 'Idosa' is the polite and standard way to say 'elderly woman'. If you mean to say someone is a senior citizen, use 'idosa'. If you say she is 'envelhecida', you are commenting on her worn-out appearance, which can be insulting.
Using 'Ser' instead of 'Estar': Saying 'Ela é envelhecida' sounds like you are defining her whole essence by her aged appearance. Usually, we use 'está' or 'parece' because it is a state that has been reached or an observation of her current look.

Another mistake is using envelhecida when 'antiga' is more appropriate. 'Antiga' is used for things that are from a long time ago, like 'uma tradição antiga' (an old tradition) or 'uma cidade antiga' (an ancient city). While a city can be 'envelhecida' (looking worn and old), 'antiga' is the neutral term for its historical age. Use envelhecida specifically when you want to highlight the physical signs of aging or the process of maturation.

Errado: Aquele queijo está envelhecida. (Correct: envelhecido - queijo is masculine).

Errado: Ela é uma senhora envelhecida. (Better: idosa, unless you mean she looks older than she is).

Errado: Eu gosto de música envelhecida. (Better: antiga or clássica).

Finally, remember that envelhecida is the past participle of a verb. This means it can also be used in passive constructions, such as 'A madeira foi envelhecida artificialmente' (The wood was artificially aged). Forgetting the 'a' ending for feminine subjects or 'o' for masculine is the most frequent beginner error.

Portuguese has a rich vocabulary for describing the passage of time and the state of being old. Depending on what you are describing—a person, an object, a food, or an idea—you might choose a different word than envelhecida. Understanding these synonyms and their specific registers will help you communicate more effectively and avoid sounding repetitive or unintentionally rude.

Velha vs. Envelhecida: 'Velha' is the most general word for 'old'. It is used for anything that has existed for a long time. 'Envelhecida' is more specific, highlighting the *result* of aging or the *process* itself. A 'casa velha' is just an old house; a 'casa envelhecida' suggests it shows the wear and tear of time.
Idosa: This is the respectful term for an elderly woman. Use this in social contexts. 'Envelhecida' can sound like a negative observation about someone's physical decline.
Antiga: Used for things that belong to the past or have high historical value. 'Uma moeda antiga' (An ancient coin). It doesn't necessarily imply that the object looks worn out, just that it is old.
Madura: 'Mature'. Used for fruit, people (mentally or physically), or wine. It carries a more positive connotation of being 'ready' or 'wise' compared to 'envelhecida'.
Gasta: 'Worn out'. Used for clothes, shoes, or even feelings. It implies that something has been used so much that it is starting to fail or lose its quality.

In artistic contexts, you might hear 'pátina' to describe the aged look of a surface, or 'vintage' (borrowed from English) for style. If you are describing a voice, 'rouca' (hoarse) might be more specific than envelhecida. For documents, 'amarelada' (yellowed) is a very common alternative that describes the specific visual effect of aging on paper.

Ela é uma mulher madura e decidida. (Positive, focus on wisdom/readiness).

A sua roupa está gasta de tanto uso. (Focus on physical wear).

Encontrei uma carta antiga no sótão. (Focus on chronological age/history).

Choosing the right word depends on your intent. If you want to emphasize the beauty of age, 'madura' or 'antiga' are safer. If you are describing a physical process or a specific look of wear, envelhecida is the perfect choice.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The suffix '-ecer' in Portuguese is used to indicate a change of state or a process beginning, similar to the English suffix '-en' in 'awaken' or 'darken'. So 'envelhecer' literally means 'to become old'.

発音ガイド

UK /ẽ.vɐ.ʎɛ.ˈsi.ðɐ/

US /ẽ.ve.ʎe.ˈsi.dɐ/

The word is paroxytone, meaning the stress is on the second-to-last syllable: en-ve-lhe-CI-da.

韻が合う語

conhecida vencida querida comida ferida medida batida saída

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'lh' like a simple 'l'.
Forgetting to nasalize the first 'e'.
Stress on the last syllable (envelheci-DÁ).
Pronouncing the 'c' as a 'k'.
In Portugal, making the 'd' too hard.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize if you know 'velho'.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct gender and number agreement.

スピーキング 3/5

The 'lh' sound and nasal 'e' can be tricky for beginners.

リスニング 2/5

Clear pronunciation usually, but endings can be swallowed in EP.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

velho velha tempo pele vinho

次に学ぶ

envelhecimento madura antiga curado desgastada

上級

senescência decrépita obsoleta perene

知っておくべき文法

Adjective Agreement

A casa (f) envelhecida (f); O prédio (m) envelhecido (m).

Past Participle as Adjective

O verbo é envelhecer; o adjetivo é envelhecida.

Ser vs Estar

Ela está envelhecida (current state/appearance).

Nasal Vowels

The 'en-' in envelhecida is nasal /ẽ/.

Plural Formation

Add 's' to the singular form: envelhecidas.

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レベル別の例文

A casa é muito envelhecida.

The house is very aged/old.

Feminine singular adjective matching 'casa'.

Ela parece uma mulher envelhecida.

She looks like an aged woman.

Adjective modifying 'mulher'.

Eu vi uma foto envelhecida.

I saw an aged photo.

Adjective modifying 'foto'.

A boneca está envelhecida.

The doll is aged.

Used with 'estar' to describe a state.

Esta cadeira está envelhecida.

This chair is aged.

Feminine singular.

A pintura está envelhecida.

The painting is aged.

Feminine singular.

Uma árvore envelhecida no jardim.

An aged tree in the garden.

Adjective modifying 'árvore'.

A porta está envelhecida.

The door is aged.

Feminine singular.

A sua pele parece envelhecida pelo sol.

Your skin looks aged by the sun.

Use of 'parece' (seems/looks) with the adjective.

Comprei uma garrafa de aguardente envelhecida.

I bought a bottle of aged brandy.

Aguardente is a feminine noun.

A cidade tem muitas casas envelhecidas.

The city has many aged houses.

Plural feminine form: 'envelhecidas'.

Ela ficou envelhecida depois da doença.

She became aged (looked older) after the illness.

Using 'ficar' to show a change of state.

Esta mesa de madeira parece envelhecida.

This wooden table looks aged.

Feminine singular.

A mobília está visivelmente envelhecida.

The furniture is visibly aged.

Adverb 'visivelmente' modifying the adjective.

A estrutura da ponte está envelhecida.

The bridge structure is aged.

Feminine singular.

Aquelas fotos estão muito envelhecidas.

Those photos are very aged.

Plural feminine.

A voz dela soava envelhecida pelo tempo e pelo fumo.

Her voice sounded aged by time and smoke.

Metaphorical use for sound.

A madeira foi envelhecida artificialmente para o cenário.

The wood was artificially aged for the set.

Passive voice construction.

Sinto que a minha alma está envelhecida.

I feel that my soul is aged.

Abstract/metaphorical use.

A pintura, embora envelhecida, ainda era bela.

The painting, although aged, was still beautiful.

Concessive clause with 'embora'.

A vila parecia envelhecida e esquecida pelo mundo.

The village seemed aged and forgotten by the world.

Pairing two adjectives.

Ela tem uma expressão envelhecida para a idade dela.

She has an aged expression for her age.

Comparing appearance to actual age.

A aguardente envelhecida em barris tem um aroma forte.

Aged brandy in barrels has a strong aroma.

Past participle used as an adjective.

As páginas envelhecidas do livro cheiravam a mofo.

The aged pages of the book smelled of mold.

Plural feminine.

A população envelhecida do país exige novos cuidados de saúde.

The country's aged population requires new healthcare.

Collective noun 'população' (feminine singular).

A fachada envelhecida do edifício foi restaurada recentemente.

The building's aged facade was recently restored.

Feminine singular.

A técnica de pintura envelhecida requer muita paciência.

The aged painting technique requires much patience.

Specific artistic terminology.

Ela parecia envelhecida pelos anos de preocupação constante.

She seemed aged by years of constant worry.

Cause-and-effect structure.

A tradição, embora envelhecida, ainda é respeitada na aldeia.

The tradition, although aged, is still respected in the village.

Abstract use for tradition.

As mãos envelhecidas do artesão contavam uma história.

The craftsman's aged hands told a story.

Descriptive/literary use.

A aguardente foi envelhecida durante dez anos em pipos de carvalho.

The brandy was aged for ten years in oak casks.

Passive voice with duration.

A sua beleza envelhecida era mais interessante do que a juventude.

Her aged beauty was more interesting than youth.

Comparative structure.

O autor descreve uma sociedade envelhecida e estagnada.

The author describes an aged and stagnant society.

Literary/sociological context.

A pátina envelhecida do bronze dava-lhe um valor histórico.

The aged patina of the bronze gave it historical value.

Technical terminology (pátina).

A sua escrita, envelhecida e clássica, não agradava aos jovens.

His writing, aged and classical, did not please the youth.

Metaphorical use for style.

A estrutura, visivelmente envelhecida, cedeu sob o peso da neve.

The structure, visibly aged, gave way under the weight of the snow.

Narrative structure with appositive adjective.

Ela ostentava uma elegância envelhecida, típica da aristocracia.

She displayed an aged elegance, typical of the aristocracy.

Nuanced description of style.

A aguardente velha, envelhecida com mestria, era o orgulho da casa.

The old brandy, aged with mastery, was the pride of the house.

Redundant but emphatic use.

As memórias, envelhecidas pelo tempo, tornaram-se turvas.

The memories, aged by time, became blurred.

Metaphorical/poetic use.

A pele envelhecida precocemente é um sinal de falta de cuidados.

Prematurely aged skin is a sign of lack of care.

Adverb modifying the adjective.

A tese aborda a problemática de uma Europa cada vez mais envelhecida.

The thesis addresses the issue of an increasingly aged Europe.

Academic/political register.

A sua fisionomia envelhecida ocultava uma agilidade mental surpreendente.

Her aged physiognomy hid a surprising mental agility.

Formal/literary vocabulary (fisionomia).

O restauro preservou a aparência envelhecida da obra original.

The restoration preserved the aged appearance of the original work.

Context of art conservation.

A voz, envelhecida por décadas de oratória, ainda comandava respeito.

The voice, aged by decades of oratory, still commanded respect.

Sophisticated narrative description.

A instituição, envelhecida e burocrática, resistia a qualquer mudança.

The institution, aged and bureaucratic, resisted any change.

Institutional/political metaphor.

Havia uma certa nobreza na madeira envelhecida daquela mesa.

There was a certain nobility in the aged wood of that table.

Abstract/aesthetic appreciation.

As pedras envelhecidas da calçada guardavam segredos de outrora.

The aged stones of the pavement kept secrets of yesteryear.

Poetic/archaic register (outrora).

A aguardente envelhecida em balseiros de carvalho adquiriu notas de baunilha.

The brandy aged in oak vats acquired notes of vanilla.

Technical oenological description.

よく使う組み合わせ

pele envelhecida

aguardente envelhecida

população envelhecida

madeira envelhecida

foto envelhecida

voz envelhecida

aparência envelhecida

cachaça envelhecida

folha envelhecida

alma envelhecida

よく使うフレーズ

estar envelhecida

— To look older or to be in an aged state currently.

A minha tia está muito envelhecida.

parecer envelhecida

— To have the appearance of being aged.

A pintura parece envelhecida pelo tempo.

tornar-se envelhecida

— To become aged over time.

A estrutura tornou-se envelhecida e perigosa.

precocemente envelhecida

— Aged before the expected time.

Ela tem a pele precocemente envelhecida.

visivelmente envelhecida

— Aged in a way that everyone can see.

A fachada do prédio está visivelmente envelhecida.

propositalmente envelhecida

— Aged on purpose (for art or style).

A jaqueta foi propositalmente envelhecida.

ficou envelhecida

— Became aged (resultative).

A foto ficou envelhecida com a humidade.

alma envelhecida

— An 'old soul' or someone who feels weary.

Ele é um jovem com alma envelhecida.

técnica envelhecida

— An old or outdated technique.

Eles ainda usam uma técnica envelhecida de produção.

sociedade envelhecida

— A society with many elderly people.

O Japão é uma sociedade envelhecida.

よく混同される語

envelhecida vs velha

Velha is just 'old'. Envelhecida implies a process or looking old.

envelhecida vs antiga

Antiga is for history or things from the past. Envelhecida is for physical aging.

envelhecida vs idosa

Idosa is the polite term for a senior woman. Envelhecida is about appearance.

慣用句と表現

"com a cara envelhecida"

— Looking tired or worn out.

Chegou do trabalho com a cara envelhecida.

Informal

"alma envelhecida"

— Someone who acts older or feels tired of life.

Apesar de ter 20 anos, tem uma alma envelhecida.

Literary

"aguardente envelhecida no juízo"

— Metaphor for someone very wise or experienced (rare).

Ele fala com a calma de uma aguardente envelhecida.

Poetic

"parece que foi envelhecida em barril"

— Humorous way to say someone looks weathered or has 'matured' a lot.

Depois daquela viagem, ele parece que foi envelhecido em barril.

Slang/Humor

"ideia envelhecida"

— An idea that has lost its vigor or relevance.

Essa é uma ideia envelhecida que não serve mais.

Neutral

"voz envelhecida pelo tempo"

— A voice that shows the character of many years.

A sua voz envelhecida pelo tempo era reconfortante.

Literary

"beleza envelhecida"

— The beauty that comes with age and experience.

Ela possui uma beleza envelhecida que encanta.

Neutral

"cidade envelhecida"

— A city that is in decline or has an old population.

A vila tornou-se uma cidade envelhecida.

Journalistic

"madeira envelhecida"

— Often used to imply something has 'character'.

Nada supera o charme da madeira envelhecida.

Neutral

"expressão envelhecida"

— A look on one's face that suggests suffering or age.

Ele tinha uma expressão envelhecida de quem já viu tudo.

Neutral

間違えやすい

envelhecida vs velha

Both mean old.

Velha is a general state; envelhecida is the result of aging.

Esta é uma faca velha. A sua pele está envelhecida.

envelhecida vs antiga

Both relate to time.

Antiga refers to history; envelhecida refers to wear and tear.

Uma moeda antiga. Uma parede envelhecida.

envelhecida vs idosa

Both describe age in people.

Idosa is chronological age (polite); envelhecida is appearance (can be rude).

Ela é uma senhora idosa. Ela está com a cara envelhecida.

envelhecida vs madura

Both imply being through time.

Madura is positive (mature/ready); envelhecida is often neutral or negative (aged/worn).

Uma fruta madura. Uma aguardente envelhecida.

envelhecida vs curada

Both used for food maturation.

Curada is usually for cheese or meat; envelhecida is for spirits or wood.

Queijo curado. Aguardente envelhecida.

文型パターン

A [noun] é envelhecida.

A foto é envelhecida.

A [noun] parece envelhecida.

A pele parece envelhecida.

[Noun] envelhecida pelo [cause].

Madeira envelhecida pelo sol.

Uma [noun] visivelmente envelhecida.

Uma fachada visivelmente envelhecida.

Apesar de [adjective], a [noun] está envelhecida.

Apesar de nova, a máquina está envelhecida.

A [noun], envelhecida com [noun], [verb].

A aguardente, envelhecida com mestria, encantou os convidados.

Any

Estar [adverb] envelhecida.

Ela está muito envelhecida.

Any

Uma [noun] envelhecida e [adjective].

Uma cidade envelhecida e calma.

語族

名詞

envelhecimento (aging process)

velhice (old age)

velho (old man)

velha (old woman)

動詞

envelhecer (to age)

rejuvenescer (to rejuvenate - opposite)

形容詞

envelhecido (masculine)

velho (old)

velhote (oldish - informal)

envelhecedor (that causes aging)

使い方

frequency

Common in specific contexts (beauty, food, demographics).

よくある間違い

O vinho está envelhecida. → O vinho está envelhecido.
The noun 'vinho' is masculine, so the adjective must also be masculine ('envelhecido'). This is a basic gender agreement rule.
Ela é envelhecida. → Ela está envelhecida.
Using 'ser' (é) implies an inherent characteristic. Using 'estar' (está) correctly identifies it as a state or an appearance that has changed over time.
Uma ideia envelhescida. → Uma ideia envelhecida.
There is no 's' in the past participle of 'envelhecer'. The correct form is 'envelhecida'. Learners often get confused by the 'c' in the verb.
Eu gosto de música envelhecida. → Eu gosto de música antiga.
We don't usually describe music as 'envelhecida' unless we mean it sounds worn out. 'Antiga' is the correct term for old music.
As pessoas envelhecida. → As pessoas envelhecidas.
The adjective must agree in number with the noun. 'Pessoas' is plural, so 'envelhecidas' must also be plural.

ヒント

Watch the Agreement

Always match the ending to the noun. 'Pele' is feminine, so use 'envelhecida'. 'Vinho' is masculine, so use 'envelhecido'. This is a very common mistake for English speakers.

Beyond 'Velha'

Use 'envelhecida' when you want to describe the *texture* or *look* of age. It's a more descriptive and sophisticated word than the simple 'velha'.

Spirit Quality

If you see 'aguardente envelhecida' on a menu in Portugal, it means it's a higher quality, matured spirit. It's a key term for foodies.

Be Careful with People

Avoid saying 'Você está envelhecida' to a friend. It's like saying 'You look like you've aged a lot'. It's usually not a compliment!

Vintage Look

In DIY or art, 'envelhecida' is the word for 'distressed' or 'vintage-look'. You can 'envelhecer' a piece of paper with coffee to make it 'envelhecida'.

The Nasal 'E'

The 'en' at the start is nasal. Don't pronounce the 'n' fully; instead, let the sound come through your nose while saying the 'e'.

Spot the Verb

Whenever you see '-ida' or '-ido' at the end of a word that looks like a verb, it's likely a past participle being used as an adjective.

Institutional Use

In news about the economy, look for 'população envelhecida'. It's the standard way to talk about the aging crisis in Europe.

Literary Flair

Use 'envelhecida' to describe voices or atmospheres to give your writing a more poetic and evocative feel.

Envelhecida vs. Antiga

Remember: 'Antiga' = historical/old. 'Envelhecida' = physically showing age/matured. A new coin can't be 'envelhecida', but an old one can be both.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'en-VE-lhecida'. The middle part 'velh' sounds like 'veil'. Imagine a 'veil' of time falling over a woman's face, making her 'envelhecida'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a bottle of wine with a dusty, torn label sitting in a dark cellar. That bottle is 'envelhecida'.

Word Web

Velho Tempo Pele Vinho Rugas História Maturação Passado

チャレンジ

Try to find three feminine objects in your room and describe them using 'envelhecida' if they look old, or 'nova' if they look new.

語源

The word comes from the Portuguese verb 'envelhecer', which is formed by the prefix 'en-' (into) and the noun 'velho' (old), plus the suffix '-ecer' (to become). 'Velho' derives from the Latin 'vetulus', a diminutive of 'vetus' (old).

元の意味： To enter into the state of being old.

Romance (Latin root).

文化的な背景

Use with caution when describing women. It focuses on the physical signs of aging, which can be seen as impolite. Use 'idosa' for people.

English speakers often use 'aged' for cheese and wine, and 'old' for people. 'Envelhecida' covers both, but with different social weights.

Aguardente Velha Envelhecida (Common premium spirit label). The aesthetic of 'Fado' often deals with 'envelhecida' memories and longing (Saudade). Descriptions of historical centers like Alfama (Lisbon) or Pelourinho (Salvador) as 'envelhecidas'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Skincare

Tratamento para pele envelhecida.
Sinais de pele envelhecida.
Como evitar a pele envelhecida.
Creme para mãos envelhecidas.

Gastronomy

Aguardente envelhecida em carvalho.
Bebida envelhecida por 10 anos.
Cachaça envelhecida e pura.
Notas de madeira envelhecida.

Antiques

Móvel com aparência envelhecida.
Papel com bordas envelhecidas.
Pintura envelhecida pelo tempo.
Madeira envelhecida artificialmente.

Demographics

Uma sociedade envelhecida.
A estrutura demográfica envelhecida.
Desafios de uma população envelhecida.
Zonas rurais envelhecidas.

Personal Appearance

Ela parece muito envelhecida.
Uma expressão envelhecida e triste.
Ficou envelhecida depois do susto.
Voz envelhecida pelo cigarro.

会話のきっかけ

"Você acha que a cachaça envelhecida é melhor que a branca?"

"Como você cuida da sua pele para não ficar envelhecida?"

"Você gosta de móveis com aparência envelhecida ou modernos?"

"O que você acha do problema da população envelhecida na Europa?"

"Você já viu uma foto sua e se achou envelhecida?"

日記のテーマ

Descreva uma casa envelhecida que você conhece e o que ela faz você sentir.

Escreva sobre as vantagens de ter uma mente madura mas não envelhecida.

Se você pudesse envelhecer artificialmente um objeto, qual seria e por quê?

Reflita sobre como a sociedade trata a mulher envelhecida hoje em dia.

Descreva o sabor de uma bebida envelhecida que você já provou.

よくある質問

10 問

No, for a man you must use the masculine form 'envelhecido'. For example, 'O homem está envelhecido'. Portuguese adjectives must always agree with the gender of the noun they modify.

It depends. If you say someone 'parece envelhecida', it can be seen as a negative comment on their appearance, suggesting they look worn out. It is better to use 'idosa' if you want to be polite about someone's age.

'Velha' is the basic word for 'old'. 'Envelhecida' is the past participle of the verb 'envelhecer' (to age), so it implies that something has *become* old or shows the physical marks of time's passage.

You say 'vinho envelhecido'. Note that since 'vinho' is masculine, you use the 'o' ending. If you were talking about 'aguardente' (brandy), which is feminine, you would say 'aguardente envelhecida'.

Yes, it can. You can talk about an 'ideia envelhecida' (an old/stale idea) or a 'sociedade envelhecida' (an aging society). It suggests that the thing has lost its youthful vigor or is outdated.

It is 'envelhecida'. The verb is 'envelhecer', and the past participle is formed by removing the '-er' and adding '-ida' (for feminine) or '-ido' (for masculine). There is no 's' in the middle of the participle.

While you could, the more common and natural word for matured cheese in Portuguese is 'curado' (e.g., 'queijo curado'). 'Envelhecido' is more common for liquids like wine, cachaça, or aguardente.

Not always. In the context of spirits or fine wood, 'envelhecida' is a positive attribute that implies quality, depth, and character. It only tends to be negative when applied to skin or health.

The 'lh' is a single sound. Place the middle of your tongue against the roof of your mouth and let the air escape from the sides. It is similar to the 'll' in the Spanish word 'pollo' (in some dialects) or the 'gli' in Italian 'famiglia'.

The plural is 'envelhecidas'. You simply add an 's' to the end. For example, 'as fotos envelhecidas' (the aged photos).

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