B1 noun 10分で読める

padecimento

The state of enduring pain or distress; suffering, affliction.

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'padecimento' frequently. It is a complex word for a beginner. However, it is good to recognize that it comes from 'padecer', which is like a very strong version of 'sofrer' (to suffer). At this stage, just think of it as a formal way to say 'big suffering'. You might see it in a very old book or a religious card. If you see it, just remember it means someone is feeling a lot of pain for a long time. You should focus on simpler words like 'dor' (pain) or 'triste' (sad) first. If you want to say you are hurting, say 'Estou com dor'. If you want to say someone is suffering, say 'Ele está sofrendo'. 'Padecimento' is something you will learn more about as you get better at Portuguese. It is a noun, so it acts like a 'thing'. 'O padecimento' means 'the suffering'. Because it ends in '-ento', it is a masculine word. This is a common pattern in Portuguese for words that describe a state or a result of an action. For now, just keep it in the back of your mind as a 'heavy' word for suffering.
At the A2 level, you are starting to see more formal words. 'Padecimento' is a word you might encounter in a news report or a doctor's waiting room. It is more than just a quick pain; it is a long-term state. Think of it as 'endurance of pain'. If a person has been sick for many years, a Portuguese speaker might say they have a 'longo padecimento'. This sounds more respectful and serious than just saying they are sick. You can start to notice how it is used with the word 'de'. For example, 'padecimento de alma' (suffering of the soul). This shows that the word can be used for feelings, not just physical bodies. You should also notice that it is a noun. You can say 'O seu padecimento terminou' (His suffering ended). This is a common way to talk about someone who was very sick and has now passed away. It is a gentle and formal way to speak. Try to recognize the root 'padec-' in other words too, like the verb 'padecer'. If you can recognize the root, you can guess the meaning of many related words.
As a B1 learner, you should be able to understand the nuance of 'padecimento' compared to 'sofrimento'. While both mean suffering, 'padecimento' has a more literary and formal tone. It often implies a process of enduring something. In a B1 context, you might use this word when writing a formal letter or a short essay about a serious topic like health or social issues. You should know common collocations like 'padecimento físico' and 'padecimento moral'. This word is very useful for adding a layer of gravity to your descriptions. For instance, instead of saying 'As pessoas sofrem com a fome', you could say 'O padecimento causado pela fome é imenso'. This makes your Portuguese sound more sophisticated and precise. You should also be aware of the religious and historical connotations. In Portugal and Brazil, this word is often linked to the 'Passion of Christ' (o padecimento de Cristo), so it carries a sense of sacrificial or profound pain. Using it correctly shows that you understand the cultural weight of certain words. Practice using it in sentences that describe long-term situations rather than sudden events.
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'padecimento' in both spoken and written contexts where a formal register is required. You should understand that it is a preferred term in medical, legal, and literary fields. For example, in a legal context, 'padecimento moral' is a specific term used to describe emotional distress that warrants compensation. In literature, it is used to explore the depths of human emotion. You should be able to distinguish 'padecimento' from 'aflição' (anxiety/distress) and 'suplício' (torture). A B2 learner should also be able to use the plural 'padecimentos' to describe a variety of hardships faced by a group or an individual over time. You should also notice how the word is used metaphorically. For example, 'o padecimento de uma nação' during a political crisis. This level of usage requires an understanding of how abstract nouns can represent collective experiences. You can also start using it in debates about ethics or philosophy, where the nature of human suffering is discussed. Your ability to choose 'padecimento' over 'sofrimento' in these contexts will demonstrate a high level of linguistic and cultural fluency.
At the C1 level, you should have a deep appreciation for the stylistic impact of 'padecimento'. You understand that choosing this word is a deliberate act to invoke a specific emotional or formal tone. You can use it to analyze complex texts, such as the works of Fernando Pessoa or Machado de Assis, where the 'padecimento' of the characters is often a central, existential theme. You should be able to discuss the etymological roots of the word, linking it to the Latin 'pati' and explaining how this history influences its modern usage. In professional settings, such as healthcare or social work, you use 'padecimento' to provide a holistic and respectful description of a client's or patient's experience. You are also aware of the word's presence in high-level journalism and academic writing, where it is used to describe humanitarian issues with the necessary gravity. You can use the word in complex sentence structures, such as 'Dada a natureza do seu padecimento, a intervenção foi necessária'. At this level, your use of the word is not just about meaning, but about the rhythm and the 'color' of your language, showing that you can manipulate the register of Portuguese to suit any situation perfectly.
At the C2 level, 'padecimento' is a tool you use with total precision and mastery. You understand the finest nuances between it and every other synonym in the Portuguese language. You can use it in highly abstract philosophical discourses about the nature of existence, perhaps contrasting it with 'gozo' (intense pleasure) or 'apatia' (apathy). You are sensitive to its use in the most formal of ceremonies, such as state funerals or religious high masses, and you can produce such language yourself. You can also identify and use the word in its most archaic or poetic forms if necessary, understanding how its meaning has remained stable yet rich over centuries. For a C2 speaker, 'padecimento' is not just a vocabulary item; it is part of a vast network of cultural and historical references. You might use it to critique a piece of art, describing the 'padecimento estético' it evokes. Your command of the word allows you to use it ironically or with profound sincerity, depending on the context. You are essentially indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker in your ability to deploy this word to convey the deepest and most complex aspects of the human experience.

padecimento 30秒で

  • Padecimento is a formal Portuguese noun meaning 'suffering' or 'affliction'.
  • It often implies a long-term or deep state of distress, physical or moral.
  • It is more formal than the common word 'sofrimento' and is used in literature and medicine.
  • The word is masculine ('o padecimento') and follows standard Portuguese grammar rules.
The Portuguese word padecimento is a substantial and emotionally resonant noun that translates most directly to suffering or affliction in English. While it shares a semantic field with the more common word sofrimento, padecimento often carries a weight of duration, depth, or formality that elevates it beyond simple physical pain. It describes the state of enduring distress, whether that distress is physical, mental, or spiritual. When you encounter padecimento, you are looking at a word that suggests a process of undergoing something difficult. It is derived from the verb padecer, which means to suffer or to endure. In Portuguese, using this word signals a certain level of gravity. You wouldn't typically use it to describe a minor scratch or a momentary inconvenience. Instead, it is reserved for chronic illnesses, deep emotional trials, or historical and religious contexts where the endurance of the individual is tested.
Semantic Depth
It conveys a sense of prolonged endurance rather than a sharp, sudden event.
Formality
Often found in literature, medical reports, and religious texts rather than casual street slang.
Historically, the term is linked to the Latin 'pati', which relates to patience and passion (in the sense of the Passion of Christ). This connection explains why the word feels so heavy; it implies a burden that is being carried. In a modern context, a doctor might speak of a patient's padecimento to describe a long-term struggle with a condition, or a novelist might use it to describe the internal agony of a character facing unrequited love. It is a word that demands respect for the pain it describes.

A literatura clássica portuguesa está repleta de referências ao padecimento da alma humana perante o destino.

Understanding the nuance between this and 'dor' (pain) is crucial. While 'dor' is the sensation, padecimento is the state of living through that sensation. It is the human experience of the pain. In everyday speech, you might hear it in news reports concerning humanitarian crises, where the collective 'padecimento de um povo' (suffering of a people) is discussed. This collective usage highlights the word's ability to scale from the individual heart to the entire nation. It is also common in obituary notices or formal condolences, where one might acknowledge the 'longo padecimento' (long suffering) of the deceased, providing a dignified way to refer to a terminal illness.
Religious Context
Used to describe the trials of saints or the crucifixion, emphasizing sacrificial endurance.
Ultimately, mastering this word allows a learner to express deep empathy and to understand high-register Portuguese texts that deal with the complexities of human existence and the endurance of hardship.
Using padecimento correctly requires an understanding of its role as a noun and its typical collocations. It is almost always used as the subject or the object of a sentence to denote a state of being. For instance, 'O seu padecimento era visível' (His suffering was visible). Note how the word functions to encapsulate an entire experience into a single noun. When constructing sentences, you will often find it paired with adjectives that describe the nature of the suffering. Common pairings include 'padecimento físico' (physical suffering), 'padecimento moral' (moral or psychological suffering), and 'padecimento atroz' (atrocious suffering).
Grammatical Placement
As a masculine noun (o padecimento), it follows standard Portuguese agreement rules for gender and number (os padecimentos).
You can also use it with verbs like 'aliviar' (to relieve), 'causar' (to cause), or 'prolongar' (to prolong). For example, 'A medicação ajudou a aliviar o seu padecimento' (The medication helped to relieve his suffering). This demonstrates the word's utility in medical or caregiving contexts.

Não podemos ignorar o padecimento silencioso daqueles que não têm voz na sociedade.

In more abstract or poetic sentences, padecimento can be the result of a specific cause, often introduced by the preposition 'de'. 'O padecimento de amor' refers to the classic trope of lovesickness. Here, the word elevates the concept from a simple 'sadness' to a profound state of being. When discussing the plural form, 'padecimentos', it usually refers to a series of different hardships or the various ways in which someone is suffering. 'Os padecimentos da guerra' (the sufferings of war) encompasses the hunger, the fear, and the physical injuries all at once.
Verb Connection
Remember that 'padecimento' is the noun form of 'padecer'. If you want to say 'He suffers', you say 'Ele padece'. If you want to say 'His suffering', you say 'O seu padecimento'.
In formal writing, such as an essay on sociology or philosophy, you might use the word to discuss the 'padecimento humano' in a general sense. This refers to the universal human condition of facing mortality and pain. Using the word in this way shows a high level of linguistic competence.

Após anos de padecimento, ele finalmente encontrou a paz que tanto procurava.

By integrating this word into your vocabulary, you gain a tool for expressing deep empathy and describing complex emotional states with precision. It moves your Portuguese from basic communication to a more nuanced, expressive level.
Padecimento is not a word you will likely hear frequently in a bustling cafe or a loud football stadium. Instead, it thrives in environments where reflection, gravity, and formal communication are the norms. One of the most common places to encounter this word is in Portuguese literature. From the romantic poets of the 19th century to modern novelists, the 'padecimento' of the protagonist is a recurring theme. It is used to describe the internal struggle against social constraints or the agony of loss.
News and Media
Journalists use it to describe the plight of refugees or victims of natural disasters, emphasizing the long-term nature of their struggle.
Another significant domain is the medical and psychological field. While a patient might say 'Tenho uma dor' (I have a pain), a doctor's report or a clinical discussion might refer to the 'padecimento crônico' (chronic suffering) of the patient. It provides a more comprehensive view of the patient's condition than just the physical symptom.

O documentário foca no padecimento das famílias que vivem em zonas de conflito permanente.

Religious settings are also prime locations for this word. In sermons, especially during Lent or Holy Week, the 'padecimento de Cristo' (the suffering of Christ) is a central topic. This gives the word a sacred or sacrificial connotation for many speakers. You will also find it in legal or formal administrative contexts. For instance, in a lawsuit involving personal injury or moral damages, a lawyer might argue about the 'padecimento moral' experienced by their client. This formalizes the emotional distress into a legal concept.
Formal Speeches
Politicians or community leaders might use it in commemorative speeches to honor those who endured hardships in the past.
Finally, in the arts, particularly in Fado music—the soulful, melancholic genre of Portugal—the lyrics often revolve around themes of 'saudade' and 'padecimento'. Here, it describes the beautiful yet painful longing for something lost. Hearing it in a Fado house in Lisbon, you realize that 'padecimento' is not just a word, but a cultural touchstone that reflects a specific Portuguese way of processing deep emotion.

Nas letras de Fado, o padecimento é muitas vezes transformado em arte e poesia.

By listening for this word in these specific contexts, you will begin to appreciate its weight and the respect it commands in the Portuguese-speaking world.
For English speakers, the most common mistake when using padecimento is using it in contexts that are too casual. Because the English word 'suffering' can sometimes be used lightly (e.g., 'I'm suffering through this boring movie'), learners might be tempted to do the same in Portuguese. However, using padecimento for a boring movie would sound extremely strange and overly dramatic. In such cases, 'chato' (boring) or 'estou farto' (I'm fed up) would be more appropriate.
Register Mismatch
Using a high-register word like 'padecimento' in a low-register conversation creates a 'theatrical' effect that might confuse native speakers.
Another mistake is confusing padecimento with 'paciência' (patience). While they share an etymological root (the Latin 'pati'), their meanings in modern Portuguese have diverged completely. Paciência is the ability to wait or endure without getting angry, whereas padecimento is the actual state of suffering.

Errado: 'Tenho muito padecimento com o trânsito.' (I have much suffering with traffic.)

Correto: 'Tenho muita paciência com o trânsito.'

Learners also sometimes struggle with the preposition that follows the word. It is almost always 'de' when indicating the cause. Using 'por' or 'com' in the same way you might use 'suffering from' or 'suffering with' in English can lead to unnatural phrasing. 'Padecimento de' is the standard. There is also the risk of overusing it as a synonym for 'sofrimento'. While they are synonyms, they are not always interchangeable. 'Sofrimento' is the general term; 'padecimento' is the specific, often more formal or clinical term. If you use 'padecimento' every time you mean 'suffering', your speech will sound like a 19th-century novel.
Pronunciation Pitfall
The 'ci' in the middle is pronounced like 'see' in English (or 'she' in some Brazilian accents), and the 'ento' ending is nasal. Avoid pronouncing the final 'o' too clearly; it should be a soft 'u' sound.
Finally, avoid confusing it with 'adoecimento' (the process of becoming ill). While a padecimento often involves being ill, 'adoecimento' specifically refers to the transition from health to sickness, whereas padecimento is the state of the sickness itself. By keeping these distinctions in mind, you can use the word with the gravity and precision it deserves.
To truly understand padecimento, it is helpful to compare it with its closest linguistic relatives. The most obvious alternative is sofrimento. While they are very close, sofrimento is the everyday, all-purpose word for suffering. You can have 'sofrimento' because your team lost a match, but you wouldn't usually call that a 'padecimento'.
Sofrimento vs. Padecimento
Sofrimento is general and common; Padecimento is formal, prolonged, and often physical/clinical.
Aflição
Focuses more on the mental anxiety and distress rather than the endurance of pain.
Another word is 'dor'. This is the most basic term for pain. If you hit your thumb with a hammer, you feel 'dor'. If you have a chronic condition that lasts for years, that 'dor' becomes a 'padecimento'.

Enquanto a dor é um sintoma, o padecimento é uma condição existencial.

'Martírio' (martyrdom) is another strong synonym, but it implies extreme suffering, often for a cause or due to the cruelty of others. It is more intense than padecimento. 'Tribulação' is often used in plural (tribulações) and refers to the 'trials and tribulations' of life—the external events that cause suffering, rather than the internal state itself. In a medical context, you might hear 'patologia' (pathology), which is the scientific study of diseases, but in a humanistic sense, a doctor might prefer 'padecimento' to acknowledge the patient's lived experience.
Chaga
Literally a wound or sore, often used metaphorically for a deep, unhealing padecimento.
Finally, 'suplício' refers to torture or extreme physical punishment. It is much more violent than padecimento. By choosing 'padecimento', you are opting for a word that is dignified, serious, and deeply human, acknowledging the endurance of the individual without necessarily focusing on the violence of the cause.

O padecimento é o silêncio que segue o grito da dor.

This nuanced understanding helps you navigate the rich emotional landscape of the Portuguese language.

豆知識

The word 'padecimento' shares the same root as 'patience' and 'passion'. This is because 'passion' originally meant suffering (like the Passion of Christ), and 'patience' is the quality of enduring suffering without complaint.

発音ガイド

UK /pɐ.ðɛ.si.ˈmẽ.tu/
US /pa.de.si.ˈmẽ.tu/
The primary stress is on the penultimate syllable: 'men'.
韻が合う語
sentimento pensamento conhecimento nascimento crescimento movimento ferimento momento
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing the final 'o' as a hard 'O' instead of 'u'.
  • Ignoring the nasal sound in 'men'.
  • Pronouncing the 'c' like a 'k' (it should be 's').
  • Over-stressing the 'e' in 'pade'.
  • Making the 'd' too explosive in European Portuguese.

レベル別の例文

1

O homem tem um grande padecimento.

The man has a great suffering.

Simple subject + verb + noun structure.

2

O padecimento é triste.

The suffering is sad.

Using the noun with a simple adjective.

3

Eu não gosto de ver o padecimento.

I don't like to see the suffering.

Direct object of the verb 'ver'.

4

O médico ajuda no padecimento.

The doctor helps in the suffering.

Preposition 'em' + 'o' = 'no'.

5

Eles sentem o padecimento.

They feel the suffering.

Third person plural of 'sentir'.

6

O padecimento parou hoje.

The suffering stopped today.

Simple past tense of 'parar'.

7

É um padecimento muito longo.

It is a very long suffering.

Using 'muito' to intensify the adjective.

8

O padecimento dele é real.

His suffering is real.

Possessive 'dele' (of him).

1

O padecimento do paciente é crônico.

The patient's suffering is chronic.

Using 'do' (de + o) to show possession.

2

Precisamos aliviar o padecimento das crianças.

We need to relieve the children's suffering.

Infinitive 'aliviar' after 'precisamos'.

3

Ela escreveu sobre o seu padecimento.

She wrote about her suffering.

Preposition 'sobre' (about).

4

O padecimento moral é difícil de curar.

Moral suffering is difficult to cure.

Adjective 'moral' modifying the noun.

5

Não havia remédio para aquele padecimento.

There was no medicine for that suffering.

Using 'aquele' (that) for distance.

6

O fim do padecimento trouxe paz.

The end of the suffering brought peace.

Subject is 'O fim do padecimento'.

7

Todos sentiram o padecimento da família.

Everyone felt the family's suffering.

Direct object with 'da' (de + a).

8

O padecimento físico era intenso.

The physical suffering was intense.

Imperfect tense 'era' for description.

1

O padecimento silencioso é o mais doloroso.

Silent suffering is the most painful.

Superlative 'o mais' (the most).

2

A guerra causou um padecimento generalizado.

The war caused widespread suffering.

Adjective 'generalizado' (widespread).

3

O livro descreve o padecimento dos escravos.

The book describes the suffering of the slaves.

Plural 'dos' (de + os).

4

Muitos santos são lembrados pelo seu padecimento.

Many saints are remembered for their suffering.

Passive voice 'são lembrados'.

5

O padecimento de amor é um tema comum no fado.

Lovesickness is a common theme in fado.

Compound idea 'padecimento de amor'.

6

A medicação reduziu o padecimento do doente.

The medication reduced the sick person's suffering.

Past tense 'reduziu'.

7

É impossível medir o padecimento humano.

It is impossible to measure human suffering.

Impersonal 'é impossível'.

8

O padecimento da alma reflete-se no corpo.

The suffering of the soul is reflected in the body.

Reflexive verb 'refletir-se'.

1

O advogado alegou padecimento moral grave.

The lawyer claimed serious moral suffering.

Legal terminology 'padecimento moral'.

2

O padecimento prolongado afetou a sua saúde mental.

The prolonged suffering affected his mental health.

Adjective 'prolongado' (prolonged).

3

A filosofia tenta dar sentido ao padecimento.

Philosophy tries to give meaning to suffering.

Verb phrase 'dar sentido ao'.

4

O padecimento das vítimas foi ignorado pelas autoridades.

The victims' suffering was ignored by the authorities.

Passive voice with 'pelas' (por + as).

5

Ela encontrou conforto no padecimento dos outros.

She found comfort in the suffering of others.

Complex emotional context.

6

O padecimento é uma parte inevitável da existência.

Suffering is an inevitable part of existence.

Abstract noun as a general truth.

7

O filme retrata o padecimento durante a ditadura.

The film portrays the suffering during the dictatorship.

Preposition 'durante' (during).

8

Seu padecimento era tal que não conseguia falar.

His suffering was such that he couldn't speak.

Consecutive clause 'tal que'.

1

A obra foca no padecimento metafísico do ser.

The work focuses on the metaphysical suffering of the being.

High-level vocabulary 'metafísico'.

2

O padecimento é o cadinho onde se forja o caráter.

Suffering is the crucible where character is forged.

Metaphorical usage with 'onde se forja'.

3

O autor explora o padecimento como forma de redenção.

The author explores suffering as a form of redemption.

Complex thematic structure.

4

Houve um padecimento coletivo após a catástrofe.

There was a collective suffering after the catastrophe.

Using 'Houve' (there was) for an event.

5

O padecimento inerente à condição humana é explorado.

The suffering inherent to the human condition is explored.

Adjective 'inerente' (inherent).

6

A narrativa é permeada pelo padecimento da protagonista.

The narrative is permeated by the protagonist's suffering.

Passive participle 'permeada'.

7

O padecimento não deve ser romantizado pela arte.

Suffering should not be romanticized by art.

Modal verb 'deve' + passive 'ser romantizado'.

8

O seu padecimento era um segredo bem guardado.

His suffering was a well-kept secret.

Compound adjective 'bem guardado'.

1

O padecimento transcende a mera descrição clínica.

The suffering transcends mere clinical description.

Verb 'transcender' for abstract concepts.

2

A estética do padecimento é central nesta corrente.

The aesthetics of suffering is central to this current.

Abstract noun 'estética'.

3

O padecimento visceral da obra chocou o público.

The visceral suffering of the work shocked the public.

Adjective 'visceral' (deep/instinctive).

4

A dialética entre prazer e padecimento é complexa.

The dialectic between pleasure and suffering is complex.

Philosophical term 'dialética'.

5

O padecimento é a tónica dominante da sua poesia.

Suffering is the dominant tone of his poetry.

Metaphor 'tónica dominante' (dominant note).

6

Subjaz a este texto um padecimento indizível.

Underlying this text is an unspeakable suffering.

Verb 'subjaz' (underlies) in a formal structure.

7

O padecimento foi o catalisador da mudança social.

The suffering was the catalyst for social change.

Metaphor 'catalisador'.

8

O padecimento, em sua forma mais pura, é solitário.

Suffering, in its purest form, is lonely.

Appositive phrase 'em sua forma mais pura'.

よく使う組み合わせ

padecimento físico
padecimento moral
longo padecimento
aliviar o padecimento
padecimento de amor
causar padecimento
padecimento atroz
padecimento silencioso
fim do padecimento
padecimento humano

よく使うフレーズ

Vale de padecimentos

Padecimento de Cristo

Sem padecimento

Em pleno padecimento

Fonte de padecimento

Padecimento sem fim

Minimizar o padecimento

Caminho de padecimento

Padecimento invisível

Padecimento heróico

慣用句と表現

"Beber o cálice do padecimento"

To fully endure a very difficult or painful situation. Biblical origin.

Ele teve de beber o cálice do padecimento sozinho.

literary/formal

"Um mar de padecimentos"

An overwhelming amount of suffering or problems.

A sua vida tornou-se um mar de padecimentos.

poetic

"Coroa de padecimentos"

A set of hardships that someone 'wears', often implying a sense of pride or martyrdom.

Ele carregava a sua coroa de padecimentos com dignidade.

literary

"Padecimento que não cabe no peito"

Suffering so great it cannot be contained or expressed.

Sentia um padecimento que não cabia no peito.

informal/emotional

"Dar um fim ao padecimento"

To stop the suffering, sometimes implying death or a final solution.

Ele decidiu dar um fim ao seu padecimento.

neutral

"Viver em constante padecimento"

To be in a state of suffering all the time.

Muitas pessoas vivem em constante padecimento no mundo.

neutral

"O padecimento é a escola da vida"

The idea that we learn and grow through our suffering.

Como dizem, o padecimento é a escola da vida.

proverbial

"Padecimento de estimação"

A suffering that someone holds onto or talks about constantly, almost like a pet.

Ela tem o seu padecimento de estimação e não quer curá-lo.

ironic/informal

"Curtir o padecimento"

To wallow in one's suffering or to experience it deeply.

Ele está a curtir o seu padecimento de amor.

informal

"Padecimento de fazer chorar as pedras"

Suffering so intense it would make even inanimate objects feel pity.

Era um padecimento de fazer chorar as pedras.

informal/hyperbolic

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

関連

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'PAD' (like a bandage) for your 'suffering'. You use a PAD for your PADEcimento. It helps you endure the pain.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person carrying a heavy stone labeled 'Padecimento' up a steep hill. The stone represents the long-term weight of the suffering.

Word Web

Padecer Sofrimento Dor Alma Físico Moral Aliviar Fim

チャレンジ

Write three sentences describing a historical event using the word 'padecimento' to describe the people's experience. Ensure you use at least one adjective with it.

語源

Derived from the Portuguese verb 'padecer', which comes from the Vulgar Latin 'padescere', an inchoative form of the Latin 'pati' (to suffer, to endure, to allow).

元の意味: The root 'pati' meant to undergo or to be affected by something, often something painful.

Romance (Latin root).
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