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C1 conjunction 10分で読める

тем не менее

例文
解説 тем не менее in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't really need to use 'тем не менее'. It is too complex for basic conversations. Instead, you use the simple word 'но' (but). For example, 'Сегодня холодно, но я иду гулять' (Today is cold, but I am going for a walk). 'Тем не менее' is like a much fancier version of 'но'. You might see it in a book or hear it on the news, but you shouldn't worry about using it yet. Just remember that it means 'but' or 'anyway'. If you see it, just think 'despite what was said before, this next thing is still true'. It's a way for Russian speakers to connect two ideas that seem to disagree with each other. Even though it has three words, it acts like one big conjunction. In English, we might say 'nonetheless' or 'still'. As an A1 learner, your goal is to recognize that 'не менее' means 'no less', but together with 'тем', it becomes this special logical bridge. Don't worry about the grammar of each word inside the phrase yet; just treat it as a single unit that means 'however'.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to build longer sentences. You might still use 'но' most of the time, but you might begin to notice 'тем не менее' in simple reading passages. It's a 'conjunction' that helps you show a contrast. Think of it as a tool to show that you are smart and can handle more than just basic sentences. If you say 'Я устал, но тем не менее я работаю' (I am tired, but nevertheless I am working), you sound much more advanced than if you just say 'Я устал, но я работаю'. At this level, you should focus on the meaning: 'even so'. It's very useful when you want to show that something didn't stop you. For example, 'Было мало времени, тем не менее мы всё сделали' (There was little time, nevertheless we did everything). You should also notice that it often comes after a semicolon (;) or a period (.). It's a formal way to say 'anyway'. Try to use it once or twice in your writing to see how it feels. Just remember the spelling: 'не' with an 'e', not 'ни'.
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By the B1 level, you should be able to use 'тем не менее' in your own writing and speaking, especially in more formal contexts like an email to a teacher or a short essay. It helps you organize your thoughts logically. Instead of just jumping from one idea to another, you use 'тем не менее' to signal to your listener that a contrast is coming. This is very important for the B1 exams where you need to show 'discourse markers'. For example, if you are discussing the pros and cons of living in a city, you could say: 'В городе много шума. Тем не менее, многие люди предпочитают жить именно там' (There is a lot of noise in the city. Nevertheless, many people prefer to live exactly there). You should also start paying attention to punctuation. At B1, you should know that if you start a sentence with 'Тем не менее', you should probably put a comma after it. It's also common to see it used with 'но' (но тем не менее). This is a very Russian way of being emphatic. It's like saying 'But, despite all that...'. Practice using it when you want to sound more professional.
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At the B2 level, 'тем не менее' should be a regular part of your vocabulary. You are expected to use it correctly in various positions within a sentence. You should understand the difference between using it as a sentence-starter and using it as a parenthetical insertion. For example, 'Этот аргумент кажется убедительным; он, тем не менее, содержит ряд ошибок' (This argument seems convincing; it, nevertheless, contains a number of errors). Notice how the commas set it apart in the middle of the sentence. At B2, you should also be comparing it to other similar words like 'однако' or 'всё-таки'. 'Однако' is often used at the very beginning of a sentence to show a sharp turn in logic, while 'тем не менее' is slightly more focused on the 'concession' (the fact that the first thing didn't prevent the second). You should also be comfortable using it in academic discussions. If you are writing a report, 'тем не менее' is much better than 'но' because it sounds more objective and analytical. You should also be careful with the spelling 'тем не менее' and never write 'тем ни менее', which is a common mistake for learners at this level who are over-applying the 'ни' rule from other negative expressions.
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As a C1 learner, you must have a nuanced command of 'тем не менее'. It's not just about knowing what it means, but about using it to control the flow and tone of your discourse. At this level, you should be using it to build complex, multi-layered arguments. You should understand its rhetorical power—how it can be used to acknowledge an opponent's point before effectively neutralizing it. For example, in a debate: 'Ваши опасения вполне понятны и обоснованны; тем не менее, мы должны учитывать долгосрочные перспективы развития' (Your concerns are quite understandable and well-founded; nevertheless, we must consider the long-term development prospects). You should also be aware of the stylistic differences between 'тем не менее' and its synonyms. While 'всё же' might be used for a slightly softer, more personal contrast, 'тем не менее' remains the gold standard for formal logic. You should also be comfortable with its placement—using it to create rhythm in your sentences. Furthermore, at C1, you should recognize it in high-level literature where it might be used ironically or to highlight a character's internal conflict. Your punctuation should be near-perfect, knowing exactly when a comma is required and when it might be omitted for stylistic flow in a 'но тем не менее' construction.
At the C2 level, 'тем не менее' is a tool you use with total precision and stylistic flair. You understand its historical roots and how it fits into the broader system of Russian particles and conjunctions. You can distinguish between its function as a purely logical operator and its use as a stylistic device to emphasize persistence or inevitability. You might use it in a highly formal legal or diplomatic context where every word counts. For instance, you could use it to navigate complex treaty negotiations: 'Стороны не пришли к согласию по ключевым пунктам; тем не менее, был достигнут значительный прогресс в понимании позиций друг друга' (The parties did not reach agreement on key points; nevertheless, significant progress was made in understanding each other's positions). At this level, you can also play with the word order for maximum impact, perhaps placing it at the very end of a clause for a dramatic effect, although this is rare. You are also sensitive to the 'overuse' of the phrase; you know when to substitute it with 'впрочем', 'вместе с тем', or 'при всём при том' to avoid repetition and to provide the exact semantic shade required. Your mastery of 'тем не менее' is a sign of your ability to think and argue in Russian at the highest intellectual level, mirroring the complexity and depth of a native-speaking academic or professional.
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例文

The Russian conjunction тем не менее is a cornerstone of advanced Russian discourse, serving as a sophisticated transition that translates most accurately to 'nevertheless,' 'however,' or 'nonetheless.' At its core, it is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what has just been said, indicating that despite certain facts or conditions, a particular situation remains true or an action is still taken. It is a three-word fixed expression consisting of the instrumental case of the demonstrative pronoun 'то' (that), the negative particle 'не' (not), and the comparative adverb 'менее' (less). Literally, it translates to 'by that no less,' which perfectly encapsulates its functional meaning: the previous information does not lessen the validity of the subsequent statement.

Register and Usage
This phrase is primarily found in formal, academic, journalistic, and literary contexts. While it is certainly used in spoken Russian, it carries a weight of intellectual rigor and logical precision. In casual conversation, Russians might opt for the simpler 'но' (but) or 'всё-таки' (still/anyway), but 'тем не менее' is the go-to choice when one wants to emphasize a logical concession or maintain a professional tone.

Прогноз погоды обещал сильный шторм; тем не менее, экспедиция решила продолжить путь в горы.

In the example above, the speaker acknowledges the danger (the storm) but asserts the persistence of the action (the expedition). This 'concessive' function is vital for constructing complex arguments in Russian. Unlike 'но', which simply connects two opposing ideas, 'тем не менее' suggests a deeper level of consideration—it implies that the speaker has weighed the first point and found that it does not invalidate the second.

Syntactic Flexibility
One of the reasons this phrase is so popular among native speakers is its flexibility. It can start a sentence, follow a semicolon to connect two independent clauses, or be embedded within a clause to provide a nuanced shift in focus. For instance, placing it after the subject (e.g., 'Мы, тем не менее, решили...') adds a layer of emphasis to the subject's agency.

Многие критиковали этот проект. Он, тем не менее, оказался самым успешным в истории компании.

Historically, the phrase has evolved from a more literal comparative structure into a fixed logical operator. It is essential for C1 learners to master this phrase because it signals to the listener that the speaker is capable of handling complex logical structures and nuanced rhetoric. It is the difference between saying 'It's cold but I'm going' and 'The temperature has dropped significantly; nevertheless, I intend to proceed with my walk.'

Frequency in Media
In Russian news broadcasts (like Vremya or Rossiya 24), you will hear this phrase constantly. Reporters use it to bridge the gap between a problem and a solution or to contrast official statements with ground realities. It provides a sense of objectivity and balance to the reporting.

Переговоры зашли в тупик, но, тем не менее, стороны выразили готовность к дальнейшему диалогу.

Mastering the placement and punctuation of тем не менее is key to sounding like a native speaker. While it functions similarly to 'however,' its grammatical behavior in Russian has specific rules that distinguish it from simple conjunctions like 'но'.

At the Beginning of a Sentence
When 'тем не менее' starts a new sentence, it serves as a bridge from the previous thought. In this position, it is usually followed by a comma, although some modern styles omit it if the flow is tight. However, for learners, including the comma is the safest and most grammatically standard approach.

Тем не менее, мы не можем игнорировать эти факты при принятии окончательного решения.

In the example above, the phrase sets the stage for a contradiction of everything that might have been argued in the preceding paragraph. It demands the listener's attention for the 'final word' on the matter.

The 'Но... тем не менее' Construction
A very common pattern is to pair 'но' with 'тем не менее'. While technically redundant (since both indicate contrast), this combination is extremely frequent in both spoken and written Russian. It serves to intensify the contrast. In this case, 'но' acts as the conjunction, and 'тем не менее' acts as an emphatic particle.

Это было рискованно, но тем не менее оправданно.

Notice that when 'но' and 'тем не менее' are used together, a comma usually precedes 'но', but no comma is needed between 'но' and 'тем не менее'. This is a frequent point of confusion for students.

In the Middle of a Clause
When the phrase is inserted into the middle of a sentence, it often functions as an 'introductory' or 'parenthetical' phrase (вводное слово). In this role, it must be isolated with commas on both sides. This usage adds a rhythmic pause to the sentence, allowing the speaker to emphasize the contrast mid-thought.

Ситуация на рынке, тем не менее, остается крайне нестабильной, несмотря на все усилия правительства.

The phrase can also be used to answer a question or respond to a statement concisely. If someone presents a counter-argument, you might say: 'Тем не менее...' (followed by your point) to show you've heard them but disagree.

Comparison with 'Однако'
While 'тем не менее' and 'однако' are often interchangeable, 'тем не менее' is slightly more emphatic about the fact that the first condition *does not change* the outcome. 'Однако' is a more general 'however'.

Он знал о последствиях; тем не менее он пошел на этот шаг.

If you spend any time in a Russian-speaking professional environment, you will encounter тем не менее multiple times a day. It is the language of negotiations, reports, and analytical discussions. It is also a staple of Russian literature and high-end journalism.

In Business Meetings
In a boardroom setting, a manager might list all the reasons why a project is difficult—budget cuts, lack of staff, time constraints—and then pivot with 'тем не менее'. It signals the transition from 'why we can't' to 'why we must'. It shows a pragmatic and determined mindset.

Бюджет ограничен, и сроки поджимают. Тем не менее, мы обязаны запустить продукт до конца квартала.

This usage highlights the 'concessive' nature of the phrase: acknowledging the negative reality but refusing to let it dictate the final outcome. It is a powerful rhetorical tool for leaders.

In Literature and Philosophy
Russian literature is famous for its long, complex sentences and deep psychological explorations. Authors like Dostoevsky or Tolstoy use 'тем не менее' to capture the internal contradictions of their characters. A character might feel immense guilt, yet, 'тем не менее', continue their path toward destruction or redemption.

Он понимал всю низость своего поступка; тем не менее, он не мог заставить себя извиниться.

In philosophy and legal texts, the phrase is used to maintain logical consistency when dealing with exceptions to a general rule. It allows for the existence of a counter-example without destroying the validity of the primary thesis.

In Political Discourse
Politicians use 'тем не менее' to pivot away from uncomfortable questions or to emphasize their resolve in the face of international pressure. It is a way to acknowledge a criticism without actually yielding to it. You will hear it frequently in press conferences and official statements.

Санкции наносят ущерб экономике, но, тем не менее, наш курс остается неизменным.

Finally, you will hear it in academic lectures. Professors use it to introduce nuances into their theories. 'The data suggests X; however (тем не менее), there are several outliers that we must consider.' This makes it an essential word for anyone planning to study in a Russian university.

Even advanced learners (and sometimes native speakers) can trip up on the nuances of тем не менее. Because it is a multi-word phrase with a specific grammatical function, errors usually fall into three categories: spelling, punctuation, and redundancy.

Spelling: 'Ни' vs. 'Не'
The most common spelling error is writing 'тем нИ менее' instead of 'тем нЕ менее'. This mistake arises because 'ни' is often used in negative emphatic structures (like 'ни за что' or 'ни один'). However, in this phrase, the negative particle 'не' is required. Remember: it's 'not less' (не менее), not 'nor less'.

Incorrect: Тем ни менее, он пришел.
Correct: Тем не менее, он пришел.

If you find yourself confused, think of the comparative 'менее' (less). You are saying 'no less than that'. In Russian, 'no' in this context is 'не'.

Punctuation Pitfalls
Punctuation with 'тем не менее' is notoriously tricky because its status as an 'introductory phrase' (вводное слово) is debated among linguists. The general rule is: if it acts as a parenthetical remark that can be removed without destroying the sentence, use commas. If it acts as a conjunction starting a sentence, a comma is usually expected. However, when it follows 'но', the comma *after* it is often omitted.

Correct: Он был болен, но тем не менее закончил работу. (No comma after 'менее')
Correct: Он был болен. Тем не менее, он закончил работу. (Comma after 'менее')

Redundancy with 'Но'
While 'но тем не менее' is acceptable in speech, in very formal writing, it's often better to choose one. Using both can make your writing feel cluttered. If the contrast is already clear from 'но', you might not need 'тем не менее' unless you want to add extra emphasis.

Redundant: Он опоздал, но тем не менее он успел на встречу.
Cleaner: Он опоздал, тем не менее он успел на встречу.

Finally, don't confuse 'тем не менее' with 'в то же время' (at the same time). While they both deal with contrasting ideas, 'тем не менее' emphasizes that the first fact doesn't stop the second, whereas 'в то же время' emphasizes the simultaneous existence of two different facts.

Russian has a rich palette of words to express contrast and concession. Choosing the right alternative to тем не менее depends on the register and the specific nuance you want to convey.

Однако (However)
'Однако' is perhaps the closest synonym. It is slightly more formal and is very frequently used at the beginning of a sentence. Unlike 'тем не менее', which emphasizes the 'despite' factor, 'однако' is a more neutral marker of a counter-argument.

Мы ожидали успеха. Однако, результат оказался плачевным.

Всё-таки (Still / All the same)
'Всё-таки' is much more common in everyday speech. It carries a sense of 'anyway' or 'regardless'. It is less formal than 'тем не менее' and often appears in the middle of a sentence, right after the verb or the subject.

Я просил его не приходить, но он всё-таки пришёл.

Несмотря на это (Despite this)
This is a prepositional phrase that functions very similarly to 'тем не менее'. It is very clear and explicit. It literally points back to the previous sentence ('это'). It is excellent for clarity in technical or legal writing.

Было очень холодно. Несмотря на это, дети играли на улице.

Вопреки всему (Against all odds / In spite of everything)
This is a more emotional and dramatic alternative. It suggests a struggle against significant obstacles. Use this for storytelling or when you want to emphasize the difficulty of the situation that was overcome.

Он выжил вопреки всему.

Other less common but useful alternatives include 'при всём том' (for all that) and 'между тем' (meanwhile / however). 'При всём том' is quite literary, while 'между тем' often introduces a simultaneous but contrasting fact. Understanding these nuances will help you navigate different styles of Russian writing with ease.

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レベル別の例文

1

Было холодно, тем не менее мы пошли в парк.

It was cold, nevertheless we went to the park.

Simple contrast using the phrase as a bridge.

2

Он был занят, но тем не менее ответил мне.

He was busy, but nevertheless he answered me.

Used with 'но' for extra emphasis.

3

Это дорого, тем не менее я куплю это.

It's expensive, nevertheless I will buy it.

Shows a decision made despite a negative factor.

4

Я не голоден, тем не менее я поем с тобой.

I'm not hungry, nevertheless I'll eat with you.

Social concession.

5

Фильм был долгий, тем не менее очень интересный.

The movie was long, nevertheless very interesting.

Connecting two adjectives/qualities.

6

Он мало учился, тем не менее сдал экзамен.

He studied little, nevertheless he passed the exam.

Unexpected result.

7

Суп был горячий, тем не менее я его съел.

The soup was hot, nevertheless I ate it.

Simple physical contrast.

8

Она устала, тем не менее она улыбалась.

She was tired, nevertheless she was smiling.

Contrast in emotional state.

1

Машина старая; тем не менее, она работает хорошо.

The car is old; nevertheless, it works well.

Use of semicolon to connect independent clauses.

2

Билетов не было, но мы тем не менее попали на концерт.

There were no tickets, but we nevertheless got into the concert.

Placement within the second clause.

3

Времени было мало. Тем не менее, мы успели всё обсудить.

There was little time. Nevertheless, we managed to discuss everything.

Starting a new sentence for emphasis.

4

Он не говорит по-русски, тем не менее он всё понял.

He doesn't speak Russian, nevertheless he understood everything.

Logical contradiction.

5

Дождь не прекращался. Тем не менее, игра продолжалась.

The rain didn't stop. Nevertheless, the game continued.

Persistence despite external factors.

6

Этот вопрос сложный, но тем не менее важный.

This question is difficult, but nevertheless important.

Connecting two attributes of a subject.

7

Я забыл зонт, тем не менее я не промок.

I forgot my umbrella, nevertheless I didn't get wet.

Avoiding a negative consequence.

8

Она была расстроена. Тем не менее, она пришла на праздник.

She was upset. Nevertheless, she came to the party.

Social obligation vs. personal feeling.

1

Проект требовал больших затрат, тем не менее он был одобрен.

The project required large expenses, nevertheless it was approved.

Formal business context.

2

Многие были против, но директор тем не менее принял это решение.

Many were against it, but the director nevertheless made this decision.

Focus on agency and decision-making.

3

Результаты были скромными. Тем не менее, это был важный шаг вперед.

The results were modest. Nevertheless, it was an important step forward.

Analytical evaluation.

4

Он часто ошибался, но тем не менее оставался лучшим в классе.

He often made mistakes, but nevertheless remained the best in the class.

Contrast between process and outcome.

5

Книга была написана давно, тем не менее она актуальна и сегодня.

The book was written a long time ago, nevertheless it is relevant today.

Temporal contrast.

6

Мы не нашли общий язык, тем не менее мы уважаем друг друга.

We didn't find common ground, nevertheless we respect each other.

Interpersonal relations.

7

Город сильно изменился, тем не менее я узнал свой старый дом.

The city has changed a lot, nevertheless I recognized my old house.

Personal perception vs. reality.

8

Условия были тяжелыми, тем не менее работа была выполнена в срок.

The conditions were difficult, nevertheless the work was completed on time.

Professional achievement.

1

Экономическая ситуация остается сложной; тем не менее, наметились признаки роста.

The economic situation remains difficult; nevertheless, signs of growth have emerged.

Formal economic reporting style.

2

Автор приводит спорные аргументы, которые, тем не менее, заслуживают внимания.

The author presents controversial arguments which, nevertheless, deserve attention.

Parenthetical use in a relative clause.

3

Закон еще не вступил в силу, но тем не менее он уже обсуждается повсеместно.

The law has not yet come into force, but nevertheless it is already being discussed everywhere.

Using 'но тем не менее' for emphasis on widespread action.

4

Его слова звучали грубо, но в них, тем не менее, была доля правды.

His words sounded harsh, but there was, nevertheless, a grain of truth in them.

Nuanced contrast in the middle of a sentence.

5

Тем не менее, нельзя отрицать, что технологии изменили нашу жизнь навсегда.

Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that technology has changed our lives forever.

Starting a concluding argument.

6

Доказательств было недостаточно, тем не менее суд вынес обвинительный приговор.

There was insufficient evidence, nevertheless the court issued a guilty verdict.

Legal context, unexpected outcome.

7

Он не был профессионалом, но тем не менее справился с задачей блестяще.

He wasn't a professional, but nevertheless he handled the task brilliantly.

Skill level vs. performance.

8

План казался безумным; тем не менее, именно он принес успех.

The plan seemed crazy; nevertheless, it was the one that brought success.

Connecting two contrasting attributes of a plan.

1

Несмотря на скептицизм экспертов, проект, тем не менее, получил государственное финансирование.

Despite the skepticism of experts, the project, nevertheless, received state funding.

Complex sentence with multiple concessive markers.

2

Кризис углубляется; тем не менее, правительство сохраняет оптимизм в своих прогнозах.

The crisis is deepening; nevertheless, the government remains optimistic in its forecasts.

Political/Journalistic register.

3

Эта гипотеза не подтверждена экспериментально, но она, тем не менее, представляет огромный интерес для науки.

This hypothesis has not been confirmed experimentally, but it, nevertheless, represents huge interest for science.

Academic register, precise placement.

4

Тем не менее, при ближайшем рассмотрении оказывается, что проблема гораздо сложнее.

Nevertheless, upon closer inspection, it turns out that the problem is much more complex.

Transitioning to a deeper level of analysis.

5

Его поведение было вызывающим, но он, тем не менее, пользовался всеобщим уважением.

His behavior was provocative, but he, nevertheless, enjoyed universal respect.

Social paradox.

6

Стороны не достигли компромисса, но тем не менее диалог будет продолжен в следующем месяце.

The parties did not reach a compromise, but nevertheless the dialogue will be continued next month.

Diplomatic register.

7

Выводы комиссии были суровы; тем не менее, они помогли предотвратить будущие катастрофы.

The commission's findings were harsh; nevertheless, they helped prevent future disasters.

Cause and effect with a positive outcome from a negative source.

8

Он сознавал риск, но тем не менее пошел ва-банк, поставив на карту всё.

He was aware of the risk, but nevertheless went all-in, staking everything.

Idiomatic expression with 'тем не менее'.

1

Философская концепция автора во многом утопична; тем не менее, она оказала колоссальное влияние на развитие общественной мысли.

The author's philosophical concept is in many ways utopian; nevertheless, it exerted a colossal influence on the development of social thought.

High academic/philosophical register.

2

Нельзя не признать, что аргументация слаба, но тем не менее общий пафос произведения захватывает читателя.

One cannot but admit that the argumentation is weak, but nevertheless the overall pathos of the work captivates the reader.

Literary criticism style.

3

Тем не менее, в контексте глобализации эти локальные конфликты приобретают иное значение.

Nevertheless, in the context of globalization, these local conflicts take on a different significance.

Macro-level sociological analysis.

4

Хотя доказательств вины не было, общественное мнение, тем не менее, уже вынесло свой вердикт.

Although there was no evidence of guilt, public opinion, nevertheless, had already rendered its verdict.

Complex sentence with 'Хотя' and 'тем не менее' for dual concession.

5

Система была несовершенна, но тем не менее она обеспечивала стабильность на протяжении десятилетий.

The system was imperfect, but nevertheless it provided stability over decades.

Historical/Political analysis.

6

Тем не менее, именно этот маргинальный на первый взгляд фактор стал решающим в исходе битвы.

Nevertheless, it was precisely this factor, marginal at first glance, that became decisive in the outcome of the battle.

Historical narrative style.

7

Он не стремился к славе, но она, тем не менее, настигла его в конце жизни.

He did not strive for fame, but it, nevertheless, caught up with him at the end of his life.

Biographical narrative.

8

При всей своей сложности, теория, тем не менее, обладает внутренней элегантностью и стройностью.

For all its complexity, the theory, nevertheless, possesses internal elegance and coherence.

Aesthetic/Scientific evaluation.

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