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Nominative Case: Plural of Neuter Nouns

Simply swap the singular endings -o or -e for -a to form the plural of neuter nouns.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Neuter nouns ending in -o or -e in the singular always change to -a in the plural nominative.

  • Nouns ending in -o become -a (selo → sela).
  • Nouns ending in -e become -a (polje → polja).
  • Adjectives and verbs must agree with this -a ending.
Singular (-o/-e) ➔ Plural (-a) 📦

Overview

Welcome to the world of Serbian neuter nouns! You already know that nouns have genders. Neuter nouns are the middle ground in Serbian.
They aren't masculine or feminine. They usually describe objects, abstract concepts, or young living things. In the singular, they are easy to spot.
They almost always end in -o or -e. But what happens when you have more than one? That is where the Nominative Plural comes in.
It is one of the most satisfying rules to learn. Why? Because it is very consistent.
Once you see the pattern, you will see it everywhere. It is like finding a secret key to the language. Let's dive in and see how it works.

How This Grammar Works

Think of the plural as a simple swap. In English, we usually add an s to the end. In Serbian, we change the vowel at the end.
For neuter nouns, the singular -o or -e turns into an -a. Yes, just a simple -a! If you see selo (village), the plural is sela (villages).
If you see polje (field), the plural is polja (fields). It is like a quick costume change for the word. This -a ending tells everyone you are talking about multiple things.
It is the standard plural look for this gender. Even native speakers find this category the most predictable. Think of it like a grammar traffic light.
Green means go ahead and just swap the vowel!

Formation Pattern

1
Creating the plural is a three-step process. Follow these steps every time:
2
Identify the singular neuter noun. Look for that ending -o or -e.
3
Remove the singular ending. This gives you the root of the word.
4
Add the letter -a to the end of that root.
5
For example, take the word pismo (letter).
6
Step 1: It ends in -o.
7
Step 2: Remove -o to get pism-.
8
Step 3: Add -a to get pisma (letters).
9
What about words ending in -e? Let's take more (sea).
10
Step 1: It ends in -e.
11
Step 2: Remove -e to get mor-.
12
Step 3: Add -a to get mora (seas).
13
Sometimes, nouns ending in -e have a hidden extra part. Words like ime (name) or dugme (button) grow a bit longer. Ime becomes imena. Dugme becomes dugmeta. Don't let these little surprises scare you. They still end in -a!

When To Use It

You use the Nominative Plural in several real-world scenarios. Use it when the nouns are the subject of your sentence. This means they are doing the action.
  • The windows are open
    -> Prozora su otvorena.
  • The villages are beautiful
    -> Sela su lepa.
Use it when you are simply naming or listing things. Imagine you are in a shop. You want to point out several items.
  • These are my shirts
    -> Ovo su moje košulje (Wait, that's feminine! Let's try neuter).
  • These are my letters
    -> Ovo su moja pisma.
You also use it after the number 5 and up. In Serbian, numbers have their own rules. But for general many or some, the Nominative Plural is your best friend.
Use it when describing scenes or giving directions.
Go past the two buildings
uses a different case, but
The buildings are tall
uses this one!

When Not To Use It

There are a few times you should keep this rule in your pocket. Do not use it after the numbers 2, 3, or 4. Serbian uses a special paucal form there. It looks like the singular genitive, not the plural nominative.
  • 1 selo (singular)
  • 2 sela (paucal - looks the same, but behaves differently!)
  • 5 sela (genitive plural - also looks the same here, lucky you!)
Also, do not use it if the noun is the object of an action. If you say
I see the villages,
the ending might change depending on the case. However, for neuter nouns, the Nominative and Accusative often look identical.
This is a huge win for you! It makes your life much easier. Just remember: if the word is following a preposition like in or with, the ending will likely change again.

Common Mistakes

The biggest trap is the Feminine Mirage. Neuter plural nouns end in -a. Feminine singular nouns *also* end in -a.
  • Sela (villages - neuter plural)
  • Žena (woman - feminine singular)
If you see a word ending in -a, check its original singular form. If the singular was selo, then sela is plural. If the singular was žena, then žena is just one person. Yes, even native speakers might pause for a millisecond on this!
Another mistake is forgetting the stem expansion. Some people say imeta instead of imena. Or they just say ime for plural. Remember those extra letters (-n- or -t-) for nouns like dugme or ime. Think of it like a word that needs to stretch its legs before it can become plural.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Let's compare this to masculine nouns. Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant. To make them plural, you add -i.
  • Prozor (window - masculine) -> Prozori (windows).
  • Pismo (letter - neuter) -> Pisma (letters).
Feminine nouns end in -a. To make them plural, they change to -e.
  • Kafa (coffee) -> Kafe (coffees).
Notice the pattern?
  • Masculine: Consonant to -i.
  • Feminine: -a to -e.
  • Neuter: -o/-e to -a.
It is like a musical chairs game with vowels. Neuter nouns take the -a that feminine nouns left behind in the singular. It's a very efficient recycling system!

Quick FAQ

Q

Do all neuter nouns end in -a in plural?

Yes, the vast majority do. It is the most consistent rule in the language.

Q

Is deca (children) a neuter plural?

This is a trick! Dete is neuter, but deca is a collective noun that behaves like a feminine singular word. Grammar is wild sometimes!

Q

What if the word ends in -ce?

Words like srce (heart) follow the rule. Remove -e, add -a. Srca (hearts).

Q

How do I know if a word is neuter?

Check the singular. If it ends in -o or -e and isn't a man's name (like Marko), it's probably neuter.

Neuter Plural Formation

Singular Ending Plural Ending Singular Example Plural Example Meaning
-o
-a
Selo
Sela
Villages
-o
-a
Pivo
Piva
Beers
-e
-a
Polje
Polja
Fields
-e
-a
More
Mora
Seas
-e (extended)
-ena
Ime
Imena
Names
-e (extended)
-eta
Dugme
Dugmeta
Buttons

Meanings

The nominative plural of neuter nouns is used to identify multiple neuter objects as the subject of a sentence.

1

Standard Neuter Plural

The basic transformation of objects ending in -o or -e.

“Pisma su na stolu.”

“Ova polja su zelena.”

2

Extended Stem Neuter Plural

Nouns that add a syllable like -en- or -et- before the plural -a ending.

“Imena su dugačka.”

“Vremena se menjaju.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Nominative Case: Plural of Neuter Nouns
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + -a
Sela su velika. (Villages are big.)
Negative
Ne + Verb + Noun + -a
To nisu moja pisma. (Those are not my letters.)
Question
Da li + Verb + Noun + -a?
Da li su polja zelena? (Are the fields green?)
Adjective Agreement
Adj(-a) + Noun(-a)
Lepa sela (Beautiful villages)
Demonstrative
Ova/Ta/Ona + Noun(-a)
Ova mesta (These places)
Possessive
Moja/Tvoja + Noun(-a)
Moja odela (My suits)

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Vaša pismena su primljena.

Vaša pismena su primljena. (Receiving mail)

ニュートラル
Pisma su ovde.

Pisma su ovde. (Receiving mail)

カジュアル
Evo ti pisma.

Evo ti pisma. (Receiving mail)

スラング
Stigla pisma, brate.

Stigla pisma, brate. (Receiving mail)

Neuter Plural Endings

Neuter Plural

Ends in -o

  • Selo Sela

Ends in -e

  • Polje Polja

Stem Extension

  • Ime Imena

Gender Plural Endings

Masculine
Prozori Windows
Feminine
Žene Women
Neuter
Sela Villages
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レベル別の例文

1

Ova sela su lepa.

These villages are beautiful.

2

Gde su moja pisma?

Where are my letters?

1

Sva polja su zelena u proleće.

All fields are green in spring.

2

Njegova pitanja su teška.

His questions are difficult.

1

Vaša imena nisu na spisku.

Your names are not on the list.

2

Ova ogledala su veoma skupa.

These mirrors are very expensive.

1

Sva ta silna obećanja su bila lažna.

All those powerful promises were false.

2

Njegova dostignuća su impresivna.

His achievements are impressive.

1

Ova zdanja odišu istorijom.

These buildings exude history.

2

Njegova nastojanja su urodila plodom.

His efforts have borne fruit.

1

Sva ta pusta polja svedoče o migraciji.

All those deserted fields bear witness to migration.

2

Njegova pismena su sačuvana u arhivi.

His writings are preserved in the archive.

間違えやすい

Nominative Case: Plural of Neuter Nouns 対 Feminine Singular Nominative

Both end in -a. 'Žena' (one woman) looks like 'Sela' (many villages).

よくある間違い

✗

Seli su lepa.

✓

Sela su lepa.

Used masculine plural -i instead of neuter -a.
✗

Ova pismo su ovde.

✓

Ova pisma su ovde.

Forgot to change the noun ending to plural.
✗

Lepi sela.

✓

Lepa sela.

Adjective does not match the neuter plural ending.
✗

Imeta su duga.

✓

Imena su duga.

Incorrect stem extension for the word 'ime'.
✗

Dva polje.

✓

Dva polja.

Number agreement error (though 'dva' takes genitive singular, which looks like nominative plural).

文型パターン

Ova ___ su ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering at a bar very common

Dva piva, molim.

In a classroom common

Ima li pitanja?

Travel common

Ova mesta su turistička.

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💡

The 'A' Rule

If the singular ends in a vowel (-o/-e), the plural is almost always -a.
⚠️

Watch the Verb

Always use 'su' (are) instead of 'je' (is) with these nouns.
🎯

Adjective Matching

If the noun ends in -a, the adjective describing it must also end in -a.

Smart Tips

Check the verb. If the verb is plural (su), the noun is likely a neuter plural.

Selo je lepo. → Sela su lepa.

発音

/sɛla/

Final -a length

The plural -a is often short and unstressed.

Falling tone

Sela. ↘

Standard statement

暗記しよう

記憶術

Neuter nouns are 'A-OK' in the plural! Just change -o or -e to -a.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant letter 'A' standing in the middle of a village (selo) and a field (polje), replacing the last letters of everything it touches.

Rhyme

From O and E to the letter A, that's how neuter plurals stay!

Story

A traveler visits one 'selo' (village). He likes it so much he visits many 'sela'. He writes one 'pismo' (letter), then many 'pisma'.

Word Web

selapoljapismapivamestapitanja

チャレンジ

Look around your room and find 3 neuter objects (e.g., ogledalo, pismo, odelo). Say their plural forms out loud with the word 'ova' (these).

文化メモ

When ordering drinks, you'll use this plural constantly for 'piva' (beers) or 'vina' (wines).

Serbians are proud of their 'sela' (villages). Using the plural correctly shows respect for regional diversity.

Derived from Proto-Slavic neuter plural endings in *-a.

会話のきっかけ

“

Koja sela u Srbiji su najlepša?

“

Da li su tvoja pitanja spremna?

日記のテーマ

Describe three places (mesta) you want to visit.
Write about the names (imena) of your family members.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Change the noun to plural: Selo je lepo. -> ___ su lepa.

Selo je lepo. -> ___ su lepa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sela
Neuter nouns ending in -o change to -a in the plural.
Which is the correct plural of 'pismo'? 選択問題

Gde su moja ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pisma
Pismo is neuter, so its plural is pisma.
Correct the sentence: Ova polje su zelena. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ova polje su zelena.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ova polja su zelena.
Polje must change to polja to be plural.

Score: /3

練習問題

3 exercises
Change the noun to plural: Selo je lepo. -> ___ su lepa.

Selo je lepo. -> ___ su lepa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sela
Neuter nouns ending in -o change to -a in the plural.
Which is the correct plural of 'pismo'? 選択問題

Gde su moja ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pisma
Pismo is neuter, so its plural is pisma.
Correct the sentence: Ova polje su zelena. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ova polje su zelena.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ova polja su zelena.
Polje must change to polja to be plural.

Score: /3

よくある質問 (6)

Yes, in the Nominative case, all neuter nouns end in `-a`.

Look at the singular form. If it ends in `-o` or `-e`, it is almost certainly neuter.

Semantically yes, but grammatically it is a collective feminine singular noun. It's an exception!

Adjectives also take the `-a` ending to agree with the neuter plural noun (e.g., `nova odela`).

It is `imena`. Some nouns have an `-en-` extension, others have `-et-`.

Only if the noun itself is neuter, like `dete` (child) which becomes `deca` (collective) or `ununuče` (grandchild) which becomes `unučad`.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

-os / -as

Serbian changes the vowel entirely rather than adding a suffix.

German moderate

-er / -e

Serbian is more consistent with the -a ending.

Arabic none

Broken Plurals

Serbian is a predictable suffix change.

Japanese none

No plural markers

Serbian requires explicit plural marking on the noun.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Present Tense of 'Biti' (Short Forms)
Next
Present Tense: -iti Verb Conjugation (Regular)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Present Tense: -iti Verb Conjugation (Regular)

Overview Welcome to the heart of Serbian communication! If you want to talk about what you do, what you think, or what...
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