B1 · 中級 チャプター 39

Word Formation

4 トータルルール
48 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the DNA of Swedish by mastering how words are built and transformed.

  • Modify word meanings instantly using common Swedish prefixes.
  • Transform word classes like a pro using essential suffixes.
  • Create complex concepts by joining simple words together into compounds.
Build your vocabulary from the ground up.

学べること

Understanding prefixes and suffixes in Swedish. This helps with vocabulary expansion.

  • Prefixes
    Prefixes are the 'lego pieces' at the start of Swedish words that flip or refine their entire meaning.
  • Suffixes
    Mastering suffixes allows you to unlock thousands of new words just by knowing a few basic roots.
  • Compound Words
    Smash related words together into one single word without spaces to sound like a native speaker.
  • Derivation
    Think of derivation as a toolkit for expanding your vocabulary exponentially without memorizing entirely new roots.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to negate adjectives and verbs using prefixes like 'o-' and 'miss-'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to convert adjectives into abstract nouns using the '-het' suffix.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to construct grammatically correct compound nouns using the 'fuge-s' connector where necessary.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Vi måste förbättra vår service.

We must improve our service.

Prefixes
2

Kan du bekräfta bokningen?

Can you confirm the booking?

Prefixes
3

Frihet är viktigt för alla.

Freedom is important for everyone.

Suffixes
4

Vår vänskap betyder mycket.

Our friendship means a lot.

Suffixes
5

Min arbetslivserfarenhet är relevant.

My work experience is relevant.

Compound Words
6

Det finns mycket klimatångest idag.

There is a lot of climate anxiety today.

Compound Words
7

Frihet är viktigt för alla.

Freedom is important for everyone.

Derivation
8

Jag råkade missförstå dig.

I happened to misunderstand you.

Derivation

ヒントとコツ (3)

💡

The 'o-' Hack

If you forget a word for 'bad', try adding 'o-' to the 'good' version. It usually works or at least gets your point across!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prefixes
💡

The 'En' Rule

Almost all nouns ending in -het, -ning, and -are are 'en' words. Use this to guess the article correctly every time!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Suffixes
🎯

The -are Shortcut

If you don't know the word for a professional, take the verb they do and add -are. 90% of the time, you'll be right!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Derivation

重要な語彙 (7)

olycklig unhappy vänskap friendship berätta to tell/narrate storstad big city trygghet security/safety missförstå to misunderstand barnslig childish

Real-World Preview

map

Navigating a Swedish City

heart

Discussing Relationships

Review Summary

  • [Prefix] + [Root]
  • [Root] + [Suffix]
  • [Word A] + ([s]) + [Word B]
  • Root -> Prefix/Suffix -> New Class

よくある間違い

In Swedish, compound words MUST be written as one single word. Writing them separately changes the meaning or is grammatically incorrect.

Wrong: En kaffe kopp
正解: En kaffekopp

Words ending in the suffix -skap are almost always 'en' words. Don't let the root word's gender confuse you.

Wrong: Ett vänskap
正解: En vänskap

Confusing the noun form (-het) with the adjective form. Use the adjective to describe a person's state.

Wrong: Jag är missnöjdhet.
正解: Jag är missnöjd.

Next Steps

You've just gained a massive vocabulary boost! Swedish word formation is logical and rewarding. Keep experimenting with new combinations.

Read a Swedish news article and highlight 5 compound words.

Try to negate 10 random adjectives using 'o-'.

Continue to: Idiomatic Expressions

クイック練習 (10)

Fix the long compound.

Find and fix the mistake:

arbets livs erfarenhet

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: arbetslivserfarenhet
One single word.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Compound Words

Choose the correct answer

Find and fix the mistake:

Det är en missvanlig dag.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ovanlig
The opposite of 'vanlig' (usual) is 'ovanlig' (unusual).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prefixes

Choose the correct gender.

en dörr + ett hus = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: en husdörr
Last word 'dörr' is 'en'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Compound Words

Combine the words.

kaffe + kopp = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kaffekopp
Combine them into one word.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Compound Words

Turn the verb into a person (agent noun).

En person som spelar gitarr är en ___. (spela)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: spelare
The suffix -are denotes a person who performs the action.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Derivation

Choose the correct negated adjective.

Jag förstår inte, det är mycket ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: oklart
O- is the standard prefix for negating adjectives like 'klar' (clear).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Derivation

Add the linking letter.

gat + kök = ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gatukök
Needs a linking 'u'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Compound Words

Choose the correct answer

Vilket ord används på flygplatser för 'Arrival'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ankomst
'Ankomst' means arrival.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prefixes

Choose the correct answer

Jag ___stod inte vad läraren sa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: miss
Missförstå means to misunderstand.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prefixes

Choose the correct answer

Vilket ord betyder 'unhappy'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: olycklig
'o-' is the prefix for negation in adjectives.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prefixes

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

'o-' is a prefix used to create a new word (an adjective), while 'inte' is an adverb used to negate a whole sentence. Use 'o-' for permanent qualities like olycklig.
No. While very common, some adjectives have their own opposites (e.g., bra/dålig, stor/liten). Using o- on these sounds childish.
Det finns ingen perfekt regel, men -ig är vanligare för fysiska tillstånd (hungrig, smutsig) medan -lig ofta används för personlighetsdrag eller mer abstrakta relationer (vänlig, möjlig).
De flesta är det (lärare, bagare), men vissa kan vara verktyg eller maskiner, som häftapparat (though that's -at) or skrivare (printer).
It's just how the language works! It's efficient and precise.
No, you can keep adding nouns as long as it makes sense.
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Infinitives and Gerunds
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Idiomatic Expressions
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