A0 Honorifics & Register 1 min read かんたん

Polite Particles (Po/Opo)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'po' and 'opo' to show respect to elders or strangers; they are the golden keys to Filipino social etiquette.

  • Use 'po' in sentences to show respect: 'Salamat po' (Thank you).
  • Use 'opo' as a standalone 'Yes' to elders: 'Opo, naiintindihan ko' (Yes, I understand).
  • Place 'po' after the first word or at the end of the sentence.
Sentence + po / Opo (as Yes)

Politeness Particle Usage

Type Particle Placement Usage
Affirmative
Opo
Start of sentence
Yes (Formal)
Statement
Po
After 1st word/End
Polite marker
Question
Po
After 1st word
Polite question
Negative
Hindi po
Start
Polite No
Request
Po
End
Polite request
Greeting
Po
End
Polite greeting

Meanings

These are particles used to indicate respect, deference, or social distance, typically directed toward elders, superiors, or strangers.

1

Respectful Affirmation

Using 'opo' to say 'yes' politely.

“Opo, pupunta ako.”

“Opo, naiintindihan ko po.”

2

Respectful Sentence Marker

Inserting 'po' to soften a statement or question.

“Ano po ang pangalan niyo?”

“Kumain na po ako.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Polite Particles (Po/Opo)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Opo + [Sentence]
Opo, kakain ako.
Statement
[Word] + po + [Rest]
Gusto po kita.
Question
[Word] + po + [Rest]?
Ano po ito?
Negative
Hindi po + [Sentence]
Hindi po ako alam.
Request
[Verb] + po
Paki-abot po.
Greeting
[Greeting] + po
Salamat po.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Opo

Opo (Answering a question)

ニュートラル
Oo

Oo (Answering a question)

カジュアル
Oo

Oo (Answering a question)

スラング
Yeah

Yeah (Answering a question)

Respect Hierarchy

Respect

Elders

  • Lolo/Lola Grandparents

Strangers

  • Tao po Hello (at door)

Authority

  • Boss/Guro Boss/Teacher

レベル別の例文

1

Salamat po.

Thank you (polite).

2

Opo, naiintindihan ko.

Yes, I understand.

3

Magandang umaga po.

Good morning.

4

Paalam po.

Goodbye.

1

Ano po ang gusto niyo?

What would you like?

2

Opo, pupunta ako bukas.

Yes, I will go tomorrow.

3

Hindi po ako sigurado.

I am not sure.

4

Saan po ang banyo?

Where is the bathroom?

1

Pasensya na po sa abala.

Sorry for the trouble.

2

Opo, nakarating na po kami.

Yes, we have arrived.

3

Maaari po bang magtanong?

May I ask a question?

4

Salamat po sa inyong oras.

Thank you for your time.

1

Nais ko po sanang mag-apply.

I would like to apply.

2

Opo, susundin po namin ang protocol.

Yes, we will follow the protocol.

3

Maraming salamat po sa inyong suporta.

Thank you very much for your support.

4

Hindi po namin inaasahan ang pangyayari.

We did not expect the event.

1

Ikinagagalak ko po kayong makilala.

It is a pleasure to meet you.

2

Opo, batid po namin ang inyong mga alalahanin.

Yes, we are aware of your concerns.

3

Maaari po bang paki-check ang dokumento?

Could you please check the document?

4

Salamat po sa inyong malalim na pag-unawa.

Thank you for your deep understanding.

1

Lubos po kaming nagpapasalamat sa inyong pagtanggap.

We are deeply grateful for your acceptance.

2

Opo, ang inyong mungkahi ay aming pag-aaralan.

Yes, we will study your suggestion.

3

Nawa'y pagpalain po kayo ng Maykapal.

May you be blessed by the Almighty.

4

Ang inyong kontribusyon po ay napakahalaga.

Your contribution is very important.

間違えやすい

Polite Particles (Po/Opo) 対 Oo vs Opo

Learners use them interchangeably.

Polite Particles (Po/Opo) 対 Po placement

Where to put it.

Polite Particles (Po/Opo) 対 Po vs Paki

Both are polite.

よくある間違い

✗

Oo (to elder)

✓

Opo (to elder)

Oo is informal.
✗

Salamat (to elder)

✓

Salamat po (to elder)

Missing respect marker.
✗

Opo (to friend)

✓

Oo (to friend)

Opo sounds too distant.
✗

Hindi (to elder)

✓

Hindi po (to elder)

Missing respect marker.
✗

Opo, hindi.

✓

Hindi po.

Opo is for yes.
✗

Po salamat.

✓

Salamat po.

Placement is usually after the first word.
✗

Opo, salamat.

✓

Opo, salamat po.

Consistency.
✗

Po, po, po.

✓

Po.

Don't over-use.
✗

Opo, ayaw ko.

✓

Hindi po ako interesado.

More polite phrasing.
✗

Opo, sige.

✓

Opo, sige po.

Consistency.
✗

Using po in a casual text to a best friend.

✓

No po needed.

Too formal.
✗

Using po in a very aggressive argument.

✓

Drop the po.

Po sounds sarcastic here.
✗

Opo, sige, po.

✓

Opo, sige.

Redundancy.

文型パターン

___ po.

Opo, ___.

Ano po ang ___?

Maaari po bang ___?

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Isa pong kape.

Talking to elders constant

Opo, lolo.

Job interview very common

Nais ko po mag-apply.

Asking directions common

Saan po ang daan?

Texting a teacher common

Salamat po sa lesson.

Service desk very common

Ano po ang maitutulong ko?

💡

When in doubt, use it!

If you aren't sure if you should use 'po', use it. It's better to be too polite than rude.
⚠️

Don't use it with friends

Using 'po' with close friends can sound sarcastic or distant.
🎯

Listen to the locals

Notice how often they use 'po' in different situations.
💬

It's about respect

Remember that 'po' is a sign of respect for the person, not just a grammar rule.

Smart Tips

Always add 'po' to your sentence.

Salamat. → Salamat po.

Use 'opo' instead of 'oo'.

Oo. → Opo.

Insert 'po' after the first word.

Ano ang pangalan mo? → Ano po ang pangalan mo?

Use 'Hindi po'.

Hindi. → Hindi po.

発音

poh / oh-poh

Po/Opo

The 'o' is short and crisp. The 'p' is unaspirated.

Polite statement

Salamat po ↘

Falling intonation shows sincerity.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Po is for Polite, Opo is for 'Oh, yes!'

視覚的連想

Imagine bowing slightly every time you say 'po'. Visualize a 'Yes' sign that glows with the word 'Opo' when you talk to an elder.

Rhyme

When you speak to someone tall, add 'po' to please them all.

Story

Juan meets his teacher. He says 'Magandang umaga po'. The teacher smiles. Juan asks 'Opo, naiintindihan ko' when given instructions. The teacher is happy.

Word Web

SalamatOpoPoHindiMagandangPaki

チャレンジ

Try to say 'Salamat po' to everyone you interact with today.

文化メモ

Po and opo are the foundation of respect.

They use 'po' less, but it is understood.

They have their own honorifics, but 'po' is used in Tagalog.

Derived from the ancient Tagalog respect markers.

会話のきっかけ

“

Ano po ang pangalan niyo?

“

Saan po ang banyo?

“

Maaari po bang magtanong?

“

Ano po ang opinyon niyo sa proyekto?

日記のテーマ

Write about your day using 'po' in every sentence.
Write a formal email to a boss using 'po'.
Describe a respectful interaction you had.
Discuss the importance of respect in your culture vs Filipino culture.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Add 'po' to the sentence.

Salamat ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: po
Po is the respect marker.
Which is the formal 'yes'? 選択問題

___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Opo
Opo is formal.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Oo, lolo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Opo, lolo.
Use Opo for elders.
Order the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Salamat po.
Correct order.
Translate to Filipino. 翻訳

Thank you (polite).

Answer starts with: Sal...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Salamat po.
Correct translation.
Match the context. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Opo
Opo is for elders.
Which is the polite 'No'? 選択問題

___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hindi po
Hindi po is polite.
Complete the question.

Ano ___ ang pangalan niyo?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: po
Po is used in questions.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Add 'po' to the sentence.

Salamat ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: po
Po is the respect marker.
Which is the formal 'yes'? 選択問題

___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Opo
Opo is formal.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Oo, lolo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Opo, lolo.
Use Opo for elders.
Order the words. Sentence Reorder

po / salamat / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Salamat po.
Correct order.
Translate to Filipino. 翻訳

Thank you (polite).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Salamat po.
Correct translation.
Match the context. Match Pairs

Elders -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Opo
Opo is for elders.
Which is the polite 'No'? 選択問題

___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hindi po
Hindi po is polite.
Complete the question.

Ano ___ ang pangalan niyo?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: po
Po is used in questions.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

Use it when speaking to elders or strangers. Not with friends.

Yes, it is the formal 'yes'.

Usually after the first word or at the end.

Don't worry, people will understand, but try to remember.

It can be seen as lacking respect.

Yes, it's common in texts to show politeness.

It is standard in Tagalog and widely understood.

'Opo' is 'yes'; 'po' is a marker.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Usted

Spanish changes pronouns; Filipino adds particles.

Japanese high

Desu/Masu

Japanese changes verb endings; Filipino adds particles.

German low

Sie

German changes pronouns; Filipino adds particles.

French low

Vous

French changes pronouns; Filipino adds particles.

Arabic moderate

Hadratuka

Arabic uses titles; Filipino uses particles.

Chinese moderate

Nin

Chinese changes pronouns; Filipino adds particles.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Thanking People (Salamat)
Next
Basic Introductions

Related Grammar Rules

B2

Requesting Actions with 'Paki-'
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