ayırmak 30秒で
- To separate, divide, set aside, or allocate.
- Used for physical division, reserving resources, and distinguishing ideas.
- Crucial for everyday conversations about organization and planning.
- Be mindful of context and potential confusion with similar words.
The Turkish verb 'ayırmak' is a versatile word that carries the core meaning of 'to separate,' 'to divide,' 'to set aside,' or 'to allocate.' It's used in a wide range of situations, from the literal act of splitting physical objects to more abstract concepts like reserving time or distinguishing between different categories. Understanding 'ayırmak' is crucial for grasping how Turks describe actions involving division, distribution, and reservation.
- Literal Separation
- This is the most straightforward use. Imagine physically separating two things, like cutting a piece of paper or moving apart two chairs. 'Ayırmak' fits perfectly here. For instance, you might say 'gazeteyi ikiye ayırmak' (to tear the newspaper in two) or 'eşyaları odalara ayırmak' (to separate the items into rooms).
- Allocation and Reservation
- 'Ayırmak' is also used when you set something aside for a specific purpose or person. This could be reserving a table at a restaurant ('masa ayırmak'), saving money for a future purchase ('para ayırmak'), or dedicating time for a particular task ('zaman ayırmak'). It implies a conscious decision to partition a resource, be it tangible or intangible.
- Distinction and Classification
- The verb can also mean to distinguish or classify. For example, 'iyi ile kötüyü ayırmak' (to distinguish good from bad) or 'farklı türlere ayırmak' (to divide into different types). This usage highlights the cognitive act of differentiating and categorizing.
- Emotional Separation
- In some contexts, 'ayırmak' can imply a separation of feelings or relationships, though this is less common and often conveyed through other verbs or phrases. However, the idea of creating distance or a divide can be present.
Aile büyükleri, çocukların oyuncaklarını ayırmak için küçük kutular hazırladılar.
Öğretmen, öğrencilerden ödevlerini gruplara ayırmalarını istedi.
Whether you are dividing a cake, setting aside a portion of your salary, or distinguishing between two different ideas, 'ayırmak' is a fundamental verb in Turkish that you will encounter and use frequently. Its flexibility makes it an essential part of everyday conversation.
Using 'ayırmak' correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure and the context in which it's applied. As a transitive verb, it typically takes a direct object (accusative case, indicated by '-ı', '-i', '-u', '-ü' suffixes if the object is definite) and can also be used with indirect objects or other prepositions depending on the specific meaning. Here's a breakdown of common sentence structures and examples:
- Separating Objects/Things
- When separating physical items, the direct object is the item being separated. The verb is conjugated according to the subject and tense. Example: 'Ben elbiseleri ikiye ayırdım.' (I separated the dresses in two.) Here, 'elbiseleri' is the direct object in the accusative case. Another example: 'Lütfen bu kağıdı ortadan ayır.' (Please separate this paper in the middle.)
- Allocating/Reserving Resources (Time, Money, Space)
- For allocating or reserving, the direct object is the resource, and often an indirect object or a prepositional phrase indicates for whom or for what purpose. Example: 'Her ay maaşımdan bir miktar para ayırıyorum.' (I set aside a certain amount of money from my salary every month.) 'Para' is the direct object. Example: 'Bu toplantı için iki saat zaman ayırmalıyız.' (We must allocate two hours for this meeting.) 'Zaman' is the direct object.
- Distinguishing Between Concepts/People
- When distinguishing, the items being distinguished are often in the accusative case or used with a comparative structure. Example: 'Gerçeği yalandan ayırmak zordur.' (It is difficult to separate truth from lies.) 'Gerçeği' and 'yalandan' show the distinction. Example: 'Bu iki proje arasındaki farkı ayırabilir misin?' (Can you distinguish the difference between these two projects?)
- Using with 'için' (for)
- The phrase 'X için Y ayırmak' is very common, meaning to allocate Y for X. Example: 'Bu parayı tatil için ayırdım.' (I set aside this money for vacation.) 'Tatil için' indicates the purpose.
- Passive and Reflexive Forms
- The passive form 'ayrılmak' means 'to be separated' or 'to be divided.' The reflexive form 'ayırmak kendini' (to separate oneself) is less common but possible. Example of passive: 'Şehir ikiye ayrıldı.' (The city was divided in two.)
Gelecek hafta için bütçemizden bir miktar para ayırmamız gerekiyor.
Masadaki kitapları türlerine göre ayırabilir misin?
Mastering these sentence structures will allow you to express a wide variety of actions involving separation, allocation, and distinction in Turkish. Practice constructing sentences with different subjects, objects, and tenses to solidify your understanding.
You'll hear 'ayırmak' in countless everyday situations in Turkey. Its broad meaning makes it a staple in both spoken and written Turkish. Here are some common scenarios where this word is frequently used:
- In the Kitchen and at the Dining Table
- When preparing food, people might 'ayırmak' ingredients. For example, 'yumurtanın sarısını beyazından ayırmak' (to separate the egg yolk from the white). At the table, if you want a specific piece of food, you might ask someone to 'bana o dilimi ayırır mısın?' (Can you set aside that slice for me?).
- In Shops and Markets
- When shopping, customers often ask to reserve items. 'Bu elbiseyi bana ayırabilir misiniz?' (Can you reserve this dress for me?) is a common request. Similarly, if you're buying produce, you might ask the vendor to 'en iyilerini ayırın' (pick out the best ones for me).
- At Home - Organizing and Planning
- Families use 'ayırmak' for organizing. 'Oyuncakları kutulara ayırın' (Separate the toys into boxes). It's also used for planning: 'Bu hafta sonu için gezi planı ayırdım.' (I set aside a trip plan for this weekend.)
- In Financial Conversations
- Discussions about money often involve 'ayırmak.' 'Birikim yapmak için her ay para ayırıyorum.' (I set aside money every month to save.) or 'Acil durumlar için bir miktar para ayırdık.' (We've set aside some money for emergencies.)
- In Educational Settings
- Teachers might ask students to 'farklı konuları ayırarak çalışın' (study by separating different topics) or to 'bu bilgileri önemli olanlardan ayırın' (separate this information from the important parts).
- General Conversation
- You'll hear it in casual conversations like 'Bu iki rengi birbirinden ayırmak çok zor.' (It's very difficult to distinguish between these two colors.) or when someone is making a decision: 'Ben o iş için kendimi ayırdım.' (I've set myself apart for that job/task.)
Restoranda arkadaşım için özel bir masa ayırtmayı unuttum.
Bakkal, istediğim peynirleri diğerlerinden ayırıp paketledi.
By familiarizing yourself with these common contexts, you'll develop an intuitive understanding of 'ayırmak' and be able to use it confidently in your own Turkish conversations.
While 'ayırmak' is a common verb, learners can sometimes make mistakes with its usage, often due to overgeneralization or confusion with similar verbs. Here are some common pitfalls to watch out for:
- Confusing 'Ayırmak' with 'Bölmek' (to divide/split)
- 'Bölmek' is primarily used for dividing into parts, especially numbers or physical spaces. While there's overlap, 'ayırmak' often carries a sense of setting aside, allocating, or distinguishing. For example, you would say 'bir pastayı bölmek' (to cut a cake into slices), but 'bir miktar parayı biriktirmek için ayırmak' (to set aside a sum of money for saving). Using 'bölmek' for allocation sounds unnatural.
- Incorrect Case Endings
- As a transitive verb, 'ayırmak' requires the direct object to be in the accusative case if it is definite. Forgetting this can lead to grammatical errors. For instance, instead of 'Ben elbiseleri ayırdım' (I separated the dresses), saying 'Ben elbise ayırdım' might imply separating 'some' dresses without specifying which ones, or it might be grammatically incorrect if specific dresses are meant.
- Overusing 'Ayırmak' for Simple Division
- While 'ayırmak' can mean to divide, for very basic splitting actions, other verbs might be more appropriate or common. For instance, splitting a single item into two equal halves might be more naturally expressed with 'ikiye bölmek' or 'ikiye ayırmak,' but if the context is about taking one piece away from a group, 'ayırmak' is better. Be mindful of the subtle differences in emphasis.
- Misinterpreting 'Ayırmak' as 'Forget' or 'Neglect'
- Sometimes, learners might mistakenly think 'ayırmak' can mean to neglect or forget something. This is incorrect. 'Ayırmak' is about intentional separation or allocation, not about oversight. Forgetting would be 'unutmak,' and neglecting would be 'ihmal etmek.'
- Confusion with 'Ayılmak' (to recover from intoxication)
- This is a common homophone confusion. 'Ayırmak' means to separate, while 'ayılmak' means to sober up or recover. Ensure you are using the correct verb based on the intended meaning. Pronunciation and context are key here.
Yanlış: Çocuklar oyuncaklarını böldüler.
Doğru: Çocuklar oyuncaklarını kutulara ayırdılar.
Yanlış: Bu parayı harcamayı unuttum.
Doğru: Bu parayı tatil için ayırdım.
By being aware of these common mistakes, you can refine your usage of 'ayırmak' and communicate more accurately and naturally in Turkish.
While 'ayırmak' is a versatile verb, Turkish offers other words that can be used in similar contexts, sometimes with slightly different nuances. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more precise expression.
- Bölmek (to divide, to split)
- Usage: Primarily used for physical division into parts, mathematical division, or splitting a group. It emphasizes the act of breaking something into smaller pieces.
Example: 'Pastayı altı eşit parçaya böldük.' (We divided the cake into six equal parts.)
Difference from 'ayırmak': 'Bölmek' is more about the physical act of cutting or splitting, while 'ayırmak' can also imply setting aside or distinguishing. - İzole Etmek (to isolate)
- Usage: Used for separating something or someone from a larger group, often for a specific reason like quarantine or to study it independently. It's more formal and often used in scientific or medical contexts.
Example: 'Hasta virüsten korunmak için izole edildi.' (The patient was isolated to protect from the virus.)
Difference from 'ayırmak': 'İzole etmek' implies a more complete separation and often has a connotation of protection or study, whereas 'ayırmak' is more general. - Seçmek (to choose, to select)
- Usage: This verb is about picking one or more items from a group based on preference or criteria.
Example: 'En güzel çiçekleri seçti.' (He/She chose the most beautiful flowers.)
Difference from 'ayırmak': While 'ayırmak' can involve selecting something to set aside, 'seçmek' focuses on the act of choosing from options. You might 'ayırmak' a book to read later, but you 'seçmek' a book from a shelf to buy. - Tasarruf Etmek (to save, to economize)
- Usage: Specifically refers to saving money or resources, often by reducing spending.
Example: 'Elektrikten tasarruf etmek için lambaları kapattık.' (We turned off the lights to save electricity.)
Difference from 'ayırmak': While you 'ayırmak' money for saving, 'tasarruf etmek' is the action of economizing or making savings. 'Ayırmak' is the act of setting aside, 'tasarruf etmek' is the result or the broader practice. - Farklılaştırmak (to differentiate)
- Usage: To make something different or to distinguish between things by highlighting their differences.
Example: 'Bu iki ürün arasındaki farkları farklılaştırmak için pazarlama stratejileri geliştirdik.' (We developed marketing strategies to differentiate the differences between these two products.)
Difference from 'ayırmak': 'Farklılaştırmak' is about emphasizing distinctions, whereas 'ayırmak' can be about the act of separating or setting apart, which might or might not involve highlighting differences.
Biz bu pastayı bölerek herkesin yemesini sağladık.
Öğretmen, projeler için öğrencileri farklı gruplara ayıracak.
By understanding these distinctions, you can choose the most precise word for your intended meaning, leading to more sophisticated and accurate Turkish expression.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The concept of separation is fundamental across many Indo-European and Uralic languages as well, suggesting a deep-seated human need to categorize and distinguish. The Turkic root *ayr- is ancient and has cognates in languages like Mongolian and even some Siberian languages.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'ı' sound incorrectly, often substituting it with 'i' or 'u'.
- Not trilling or flapping the 'r' sound distinctly.
- Incorrect stress placement, placing it on the first or last syllable.
難易度
The basic meaning of 'ayırmak' is accessible at A2 level. However, understanding its nuances in abstract contexts, its use in idioms, and its distinction from similar verbs requires higher proficiency (B2-C1).
Constructing simple sentences with 'ayırmak' is straightforward. However, using it correctly in complex sentences, formal writing, and distinguishing between its various shades of meaning presents a challenge for intermediate to advanced learners.
Using 'ayırmak' in everyday contexts like reserving tables or setting aside money is relatively easy. However, fluent and accurate use in more abstract or formal discussions requires practice and a good grasp of its semantic range.
Recognizing 'ayırmak' in spoken Turkish is generally manageable at A2/B1 levels. Distinguishing its meaning from context and differentiating it from similar-sounding words like 'ayılmak' requires careful listening.
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知っておくべき文法
Accusative Case for Direct Objects
When 'ayırmak' takes a direct object that is specific (e.g., 'the book' rather than 'a book'), the object takes the accusative suffix (-ı, -i, -u, -ü). Example: 'Kitabı ayırdım.' (I separated the book.)
Use of 'için' with Allocation
The preposition 'için' (for) is often used to indicate the purpose of allocation. Example: 'Bu parayı tatil için ayırdım.' (I set aside this money for vacation.)
Passive Voice with 'ayrılmak'
The passive form 'ayrılmak' means 'to be separated' or 'to be divided'. Example: 'Şirket ikiye ayrıldı.' (The company was divided in two.)
Imperative Mood
To give commands or make requests: 'Masayı ayır.' (Separate the table.) or 'Bana onu ayırır mısın?' (Can you separate that for me?)
Future Tense for Intentions
To express future plans for allocation: 'Gelecek ay için bütçe ayıracağım.' (I will allocate a budget for next month.)
レベル別の例文
Topu bana ayır.
Separate the ball for me.
Imperative form of 'ayırmak'.
Bu elbiseyi ayır.
Set aside this dress.
Imperative, direct object in accusative.
Onu diğerlerinden ayır.
Separate it from the others.
Comparative structure with '-den/-dan'.
Yemeği paylaştık, herkes kendi payını ayırdı.
We shared the food, everyone took their own portion.
Past tense of 'ayırmak'.
Bu kitap benim, ayırdım.
This book is mine, I set it aside.
Past tense, simple statement.
Arabaları parkta ayırdık.
We separated the cars in the park.
Past tense, location specified.
Onu bana ayırır mısın?
Can you set that aside for me?
Polite request form.
İki parmak balı ayırdım.
I separated two fingers of honey.
Quantifier with past tense.
Öğretmen, öğrencileri iki gruba ayırdı.
The teacher divided the students into two groups.
Past tense, division into groups.
Bu parayı tatil için ayıracağım.
I will set aside this money for vacation.
Future tense, purpose indicated with 'için'.
Lütfen masayı dört kişi için ayırın.
Please reserve the table for four people.
Imperative, reservation for a specific number of people.
İyi ile kötüyü ayırmak önemlidir.
It is important to distinguish good from bad.
Infinitive used as a noun, general statement.
Her gün kendime bir saat zaman ayırıyorum.
I allocate one hour for myself every day.
Present continuous, self-allocation of time.
Kıyafetlerimi renklerine göre ayırdım.
I separated my clothes according to their colors.
Past tense, sorting based on a criterion.
Bu iki konu arasında bir fark var mı? Ayırabilir misin?
Is there a difference between these two topics? Can you distinguish?
Question about distinction, ability to separate.
Bakkala gidip ekmekleri ayırdım.
I went to the grocery store and set aside the bread.
Past tense, action at a location.
Bu projeyi tamamlamak için ekibimden özel bir bölüm ayırdım.
I allocated a special unit from my team to complete this project.
Past tense, allocation of human resources.
Ailemle vakit geçirmek için hafta sonumu ayırırım.
I set aside my weekend to spend time with my family.
Present tense, habitual allocation of time.
Bütçemizi dikkatlice ayırmalıyız ki gereksiz harcamalar yapmayalım.
We must carefully allocate our budget so that we don't make unnecessary expenses.
Modal verb 'meli', emphasis on careful allocation.
Sanat eserlerini koleksiyoncular arasında doğru bir şekilde ayırmak gerekir.
It is necessary to properly distinguish art pieces among collectors.
Passive infinitive 'gerekmek', distinguishing items.
Şirket, yeni ürün geliştirme için önemli miktarda fon ayırdı.
The company allocated a significant amount of funds for new product development.
Past tense, financial allocation.
Bu iki siyasi görüşü birbirinden ayırmak giderek zorlaşıyor.
It is becoming increasingly difficult to separate these two political views from each other.
Comparative adjective 'zorlaşıyor', distinguishing abstract concepts.
Ben bu konuda seninle aynı fikirdeyim, düşüncelerimizi ayırmak istemiyorum.
I agree with you on this matter, I don't want to separate our thoughts.
Negative present tense, not separating abstract ideas.
Depremzedeler için toplanan yardımları ihtiyaç sahiplerine ayırdılar.
They allocated the aid collected for earthquake victims to those in need.
Past tense, allocation of aid.
Hükümet, eğitim reformları için bütçenin önemli bir kısmını ayırmaya karar verdi.
The government decided to allocate a significant portion of the budget for educational reforms.
Past tense, decision-making on allocation.
Kişisel gelişimine önem verenler, her gün kendilerine okumak için zaman ayırırlar.
Those who value personal development allocate time for reading every day.
Present tense, habitual allocation for self-improvement.
Bu karmaşık problemi çözmek için farklı açılardan yaklaşarak her bir detayı ayırmamız gerekiyor.
To solve this complex problem, we need to approach it from different angles and separate each detail.
Modal verb 'gerekiyor', detailed separation of elements.
Pazarlamacılar, hedef kitleyi farklı segmentlere ayırarak daha etkili kampanyalar oluştururlar.
Marketers create more effective campaigns by dividing the target audience into different segments.
Present tense, segmentation for marketing.
Tarihçiler, belgelerdeki bilgileri güvenilir olanlardan ayırmak için titiz bir çalışma yürütüyor.
Historians are conducting meticulous work to separate reliable information from unreliable sources in the documents.
Present continuous, meticulous separation of information.
İki farklı kültürel kimliği tek bir potada eritmek yerine, onları ayrı ayrı yaşatmayı tercih etti.
Instead of melting two different cultural identities into one pot, he/she preferred to keep them alive separately.
Contrastive structure, preferring separation over assimilation.
Bu sanat akımının öncüleri, geleneksel estetik anlayıştan kendilerini ayırmayı başardılar.
The pioneers of this art movement succeeded in separating themselves from the traditional aesthetic understanding.
Past tense, self-separation from norms.
Acil durumlar için ayrılan fonlar, yalnızca belirlenen amaçlar doğrultusunda kullanılmalıdır.
Funds allocated for emergencies must be used only in line with the designated purposes.
Passive voice, strict usage of allocated funds.
Ekonomik krizin etkilerini hafifletmek amacıyla, devlet acil durum fonlarından önemli miktarda kaynak ayırdı.
In order to alleviate the effects of the economic crisis, the state allocated a significant amount of resources from emergency funds.
Purpose clause, sophisticated financial allocation.
Sanatçı, eserlerinde bireysel deneyimlerini toplumsal gerçeklikten ayırarak, evrensel bir dil yaratma çabasındaydı.
The artist was striving to create a universal language by separating individual experiences from social reality in his/her works.
Gerund phrase, abstract separation of concepts.
Bilimsel araştırmalarda, önyargılardan uzaklaşarak objektif verileri sübjektif yorumlardan ayırmak en temel prensiptir.
In scientific research, it is the most fundamental principle to separate objective data from subjective interpretations by moving away from biases.
Gerund phrase, methodological separation in research.
Kültürel çeşitliliğin korunması, her bir geleneğin kendine özgü değerlerini diğerlerinden ayırarak tanınmasını gerektirir.
The preservation of cultural diversity requires each tradition to be recognized by separating its unique values from others.
Gerund phrase, recognition through separation of values.
Bu edebiyat eleştirisi, metnin yüzeysel anlamını derinlemesine yorumlarından ayırarak analiz etmektedir.
This literary criticism analyzes the text by separating its superficial meaning from its profound interpretations.
Gerund phrase, analytical separation of meaning layers.
Politikacılar, seçmenlerin güvenini kazanmak için vaatlerini somut eylemlerden ayırmamalıdır.
Politicians must not separate their promises from concrete actions in order to gain the trust of voters.
Negative imperative, linking abstract promises to concrete actions.
Şirket, sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine ulaşmak için operasyonel maliyetleri çevresel etkilerden ayırarak değerlendirdi.
The company evaluated operational costs by separating them from environmental impacts to achieve sustainability goals.
Gerund phrase, analytical separation for sustainability.
İnsanlığın ortak mirası sayılabilecek eserleri, ulusal sınırlar çizgisinden ayırmak gerekir.
It is necessary to separate works that can be considered humanity's common heritage from the lines drawn by national borders.
Passive infinitive, separating universal heritage from national boundaries.
Felsefede, varoluşsal kaygıları ontolojik gerçeklikten ayırmak, özgür irade tartışmalarının temelini oluşturur.
In philosophy, separating existential anxieties from ontological reality forms the basis of discussions on free will.
Abstract philosophical concepts, separation as a foundational element.
Sanat tarihçileri, erken dönem Rönesans eserlerindeki dini motifleri, laik eğilimlerden ayırmak için incelikli bir metodoloji kullanırlar.
Art historians employ a refined methodology to separate religious motifs in early Renaissance works from secular tendencies.
Sophisticated methodology, fine distinction between artistic influences.
Nörobilim, bilinçli farkındalığı, beyindeki bilinçdışı süreçlerden ayırmak için karmaşık deneyler tasarlamaktadır.
Neuroscience is designing complex experiments to separate conscious awareness from unconscious processes in the brain.
Scientific research, complex separation of cognitive functions.
Edebiyatta, otobiyografik unsurları kurgusal anlatıdan ayırmak, okuyucunun metni daha derinlemesine anlamasına yardımcı olur.
In literature, separating autobiographical elements from fictional narrative helps the reader to understand the text more profoundly.
Literary analysis, separation for deeper comprehension.
Ekonomik modeller, spekülatif balonları gerçek talep artışlarından ayırmak için gelişmiş istatistiksel araçlar kullanır.
Economic models use advanced statistical tools to separate speculative bubbles from genuine increases in demand.
Advanced economic analysis, separation of market phenomena.
Hukukta, kusurlu bir eylemi kasıtlı bir suçtan ayırmak, sorumluluğun belirlenmesinde kritik öneme sahiptir.
In law, separating a negligent act from an intentional crime is of critical importance in determining liability.
Legal terminology, critical distinction for legal outcomes.
Psikolojide, travmatik anıların sağlıklı anılardan ayrılması, bireyin iyileşme sürecinin temelini oluşturur.
In psychology, the separation of traumatic memories from healthy memories forms the basis of an individual's recovery process.
Psychological therapy, separation as a core part of healing.
Sosyal bilimlerde, toplumsal normları bireysel tercihlerden ayırmak, kültürel evrimi anlamak için elzemdir.
In social sciences, separating social norms from individual preferences is essential for understanding cultural evolution.
Sociological analysis, essential separation for understanding cultural dynamics.
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To allocate time for oneself, to have personal time.
Yoğun iş temposundan sonra kendine biraz zaman ayırmalısın.
— To set something aside, to put it in a separate place.
Kullanmadığım kitapları bir kenara ayırdım.
— To keep someone or something in one's heart, to cherish.
Sevdiklerimi hiçbir zaman gönlümden ayırmam.
— To distinguish between good and bad.
Hayatta iyi ile kötüyü ayırmak önemlidir.
よく混同される語
This is a homophone. 'Ayırmak' means to separate, while 'ayılmak' means to recover from drunkenness or shock. Context is crucial.
Both mean 'to divide', but 'bölmek' is more about splitting into parts or mathematical division, while 'ayırmak' often implies setting aside or distinguishing.
'Ayrı' is an adjective meaning 'separate' or 'apart'. 'Ayırmak' is the verb form, meaning 'to make separate'.
慣用句と表現
— To cherish someone or something deeply in one's heart; to keep them in one's thoughts and affections constantly.
Ailesini her zaman gönlünden ayırmazdı.
Literary/Emotional— To keep a very close eye on someone or something; to watch them constantly, often out of concern or protectiveness.
Anne, bebeğini gözünden ayırmıyordu.
Common/Protective— To listen attentively to someone or something; to pay close attention to what is being said.
Öğretmenin anlattıklarını dikkatle kulağından ayırmıyordu.
Figurative/Attentive— To keep something in mind constantly; to not forget it.
Bu önemli dersi aklından ayırmamalısın.
Figurative/Mental— To consider someone as dear as one's own life; to love someone very deeply.
Oğlunu canından ayırmazdı.
Highly Emotional/Intense Love— To be separated by fate; to be destined to be apart.
Onları kader ayırdı maalesef.
Poetic/Fatalistic— To part ways, to go in different directions.
Sabahleyin evden çıkarken yol ayırdık.
Common/Directional— To set aside money from an account; to earmark funds.
Bu harcama için hesaptan bir miktar para ayırdım.
Financial/Practical— Similar to 'gönülden ayırmamak', to hold someone dear in one's heart.
Onu yüreğinden ayırması mümkün değildi.
Poetic/Emotional— To deviate from a rule, to make an exception.
Bu duruma özel olarak kuralından ayırmak zorunda kaldık.
Formal/Procedural間違えやすい
Both verbs relate to division.
'Bölmek' is primarily used for dividing something into smaller pieces or for mathematical division (e.g., 'pastayı bölmek' - to cut the cake, 'on iki bölü üç' - twelve divided by three). 'Ayırmak' can also mean to divide but more often implies setting something aside, allocating it, or distinguishing it from others (e.g., 'para ayırmak' - to set aside money, 'iyi ile kötüyü ayırmak' - to distinguish good from bad).
Çocuklar pastayı <mark>bölerek</mark> paylaştılar. (The children shared the cake by dividing it.) vs. Ben bu dilimi kendim <mark>ayıracağım</mark>. (I will set aside this slice for myself.)
They share the same root and sound similar.
'Ayırmak' is a transitive verb meaning 'to separate' (something). 'Ayrılmak' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be separated', 'to part', or 'to leave' (e.g., 'arkadaşımdan ayrıldım' - I parted from my friend).
Öğretmen öğrencileri gruplara <mark>ayırdı</mark>. (The teacher separated the students into groups.) vs. İki sevgili sonunda <mark>ayrıldılar</mark>. (The two lovers finally parted.)
Both relate to allocation and setting aside.
'Tahsis etmek' is a more formal verb, often used in official or financial contexts, meaning 'to allocate', 'to assign', or 'to earmark'. 'Ayırmak' is more general and can be used in both formal and informal situations. You would 'tahsis etmek' funds for a project, but you would 'ayırmak' time for yourself.
Hükümet, eğitim için bütçe <mark>tahsis etti</mark>. (The government allocated a budget for education.) vs. Ben her gün kendime biraz zaman <mark>ayırdım</mark>. (I set aside some time for myself every day.)
The act of setting something aside often follows the act of choosing.
'Seçmek' means 'to choose' or 'to select' from a range of options. 'Ayırmak' can mean 'to set aside' something that has been chosen. You first 'seçmek' a dress and then you might ask the shopkeeper to 'ayırmak' it for you.
En sevdiğim kitabı <mark>seçtim</mark>. (I chose my favorite book.) vs. Bu kitabı bana <mark>ayırır</mark> mısın? (Can you set aside this book for me?)
They are closely related in meaning and form.
'Ayrı' is an adjective meaning 'separate', 'apart', or 'distinct'. 'Ayırmak' is the verb form, meaning 'to make separate' or 'to divide'.
Bu iki oda <mark>ayrı</mark>. (These two rooms are separate.) vs. Ben bu iki odayı <mark>ayıracağım</mark>. (I will separate these two rooms.)
文型パターン
Subject + [Object] + ayır.
Sen elmayı ayır.
[Object] + bana + ayır.
Bu kitabı bana ayır.
Subject + [Object] + [Purpose] + için + ayıracağım.
Ben para tatil için ayıracağım.
Subject + [Object] + [Criterion] + göre + ayırmak.
Onları renklere göre ayır.
Subject + [Object] + [Number] + [Unit] + ayırmak.
Biz pastayı dört dilime ayırdık.
Subject + [Time] + ayırmak.
Ben her gün kendime bir saat ayırıyorum.
Subject + [Abstract Object] + ile/dan + ayırmak.
Gerçeği yalandan ayırmak zor.
Subject + [Purpose Clause] + Direct Object + ayırmak.
Daha iyi anlamak için bilgileri ayırdılar.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Very High
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Using 'ayırmak' when 'bölmek' is more appropriate.
→
'Bölmek' is preferred for mathematical division or splitting into equal parts. 'Ayırmak' is better for setting aside or distinguishing.
Example: 'Pastayı altı eşit parçaya böldük' (We divided the cake into six equal parts) is more natural than using 'ayırdık'. However, 'Bu dilimi kendim için ayıracağım' (I will set aside this slice for myself) correctly uses 'ayırmak'.
-
Forgetting the accusative case for definite direct objects.
→
Definite direct objects must take the accusative suffix (-ı, -i, -u, -ü).
Incorrect: 'Ben elbiseleri ayırdım.' Correct: 'Ben elbiseyi ayırdım.' (if referring to one specific dress) or 'Ben elbiseleri ayırdım.' (if referring to multiple specific dresses).
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Confusing 'ayırmak' with 'ayılmak'.
→
'Ayırmak' means to separate; 'ayılmak' means to recover from intoxication or shock.
Example: 'O adam sarhoştu, ama şimdi ayılıyor.' (That man was drunk, but now he is sobering up.) This is different from 'O adam arabaları ayırıyor.' (That man is separating the cars.)
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Using 'ayırmak' for simple negation or absence.
→
'Ayırmak' implies intentional separation or allocation. For absence or negation, use 'yok' or other negative structures.
Incorrect: 'Masada kitap yok, ben ayırdım.' (There is no book on the table, I separated it.) Correct: 'Masada kitap yok.' (There is no book on the table.) or 'Kitabı başka yere ayırdım.' (I put the book aside elsewhere.)
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Overgeneralizing its use for 'choosing'.
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While you might set aside something you've chosen, 'ayırmak' is not a direct synonym for 'seçmek' (to choose).
Incorrect: 'En güzel elbiseyi ayırdım.' (I separated the most beautiful dress - implies setting it aside). Correct: 'En güzel elbiseyi seçtim.' (I chose the most beautiful dress). You would then say, 'Bu elbiseyi bana ayırır mısınız?' (Can you set this dress aside for me?).
ヒント
Mastering Case Endings
When 'ayırmak' is used with a specific, definite direct object, remember to use the accusative case ending (-ı, -i, -u, -ü). Forgetting this is a common error, so practice identifying definite direct objects.
The Elusive 'ı'
The Turkish vowel 'ı' can be challenging for English speakers. Practice the sound by listening to native speakers and try to produce it without rounding your lips, similar to the 'i' in 'cousin' or 'u' in 'just'.
Active Recall
Instead of just reading definitions, try to actively recall the meaning of 'ayırmak' by describing your daily actions that involve separation or allocation in Turkish. This active recall strengthens memory.
Cultural Nuances
Understand that the act of 'ayırmak' can sometimes reflect cultural values like responsibility, planning, or hospitality. For example, setting aside the best for a guest is a form of 'ayırmak'.
Compare and Contrast
Regularly compare 'ayırmak' with similar verbs like 'bölmek', 'seçmek', and 'tahsis etmek'. Identifying their subtle differences will help you choose the most precise word for your intended meaning.
Mnemonics and Associations
Use the provided mnemonic devices (like the farmer separating sheep, or scissors cutting paper) and visual associations to create strong mental links to the word 'ayırmak' and its meanings.
Use it in Sentences
Don't just learn the definition. Actively try to construct your own sentences using 'ayırmak' in various contexts – from simple physical separation to allocating time or money. The more you use it, the more natural it becomes.
Listen Actively
When watching Turkish movies or listening to music, actively listen for instances of 'ayırmak'. Try to guess its meaning from the context before looking it up. This trains your ear and improves comprehension.
Regular Review
Periodically review the different meanings and uses of 'ayırmak', especially its collocations and common phrases. Consistent revision is key to long-term retention.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a farmer 'ayır-mak' (separating) his sheep from the goats. The 'ayr' sound can remind you of ' ayrım' (separation) or 'ayrı' (apart). Picture a clear line dividing the two groups.
視覚的連想
Visualize a pair of scissors 'ayır-mak' a piece of paper into two halves. Or, imagine a person 'ayır-mak' money into different jars labeled 'savings' and 'expenses'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe five different actions you perform daily using the verb 'ayırmak' in Turkish. For example, 'I separate my work clothes from my casual clothes,' or 'I allocate time for exercise.'
語源
The word 'ayırmak' originates from the Old Turkic root *ayr-, meaning 'to separate' or 'to divide'. This root is found in various Turkic languages.
元の意味： To separate, to divide.
Turkic文化的な背景
The verb 'ayırmak' itself is neutral. However, when used in contexts of discrimination ('ayrımcılık'), it carries a negative connotation. Be mindful of the context when using or interpreting the word.
While English has many words for separation and allocation ('separate', 'divide', 'allocate', 'reserve', 'set aside'), 'ayırmak' cleverly encapsulates many of these nuances within a single verb, making it very efficient.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Making reservations at restaurants or hotels.
- Bir masa ayırabilir misiniz?
- İki kişilik yer ayırdık.
- Odayı yarın için ayırdım.
Managing personal finances and savings.
- Her ay para ayırıyorum.
- Bu parayı acil durumlar için ayırdık.
- Birikim yapmak için kenara koydum.
Organizing and tidying up spaces.
- Eşyaları odalara ayır.
- Kıyafetleri renklerine göre ayırdım.
- Kullanılmayanları bir kenara ayır.
Distinguishing between similar items or concepts.
- Bu iki rengi ayırmak zor.
- İyi ile kötüyü ayırmak önemlidir.
- Farklı türlere ayırdık.
Allocating time for activities or people.
- Kendine zaman ayır.
- Aileme zaman ayırmalıyım.
- Bu proje için özel zaman ayırdık.
会話のきっかけ
"Bugün ne kadar zamanı kendine ayırdın?"
"Bu hafta sonu için özel bir planın var mı, yoksa sadece dinlenmek için zaman mı ayıracaksın?"
"Önemli bir eşyanı kaybetmemek için onu her zaman bir kenara ayırır mısın?"
"Marketten alışveriş yaparken, kendine ayıracağın özel bir ürün var mı?"
"İki farklı fikri birbirinden ayırmak istediğinde nasıl bir yol izlersin?"
日記のテーマ
Bugün hangi işleri önceliklendirdin ve onlar için ne kadar zaman ayırdın?
Hayatında ayırmak istediğin ama bir türlü fırsat bulamadığın bir aktivite var mı? Neden?
Bir eşyanı veya parayı gelecekteki bir ihtiyaç için ayırdığın oldu mu? Bu deneyimden ne öğrendin?
İki benzer durumu birbirinden ayırmak zorunda kaldığın bir anı anlat.
Kendine daha fazla zaman ayırmak için hayatında neler değiştirebilirsin?
よくある質問
10 問The most fundamental meaning of 'ayırmak' is 'to separate' or 'to divide'. It can refer to physically separating objects, dividing a quantity, or distinguishing between different things. For example, 'gazeteyi ikiye ayırmak' (to tear the newspaper in two).
'Ayırmak' is frequently used to mean 'to allocate', 'to set aside', or 'to reserve' resources like time, money, or space. For instance, 'para ayırmak' means 'to set aside money' (for savings or a specific purchase), and 'zaman ayırmak' means 'to allocate time' (for a task or oneself). The purpose is often indicated with 'için' (for).
While both can mean 'to divide', 'bölmek' is more commonly used for physical division into parts or mathematical division (e.g., 'pastayı bölmek' - to cut the cake). 'Ayırmak' often implies setting aside, reserving, or distinguishing between things (e.g., 'masa ayırmak' - to reserve a table).
Yes, 'ayırmak' can be used for abstract concepts like distinguishing between ideas, opinions, or qualities. For example, 'iyi ile kötüyü ayırmak' means 'to distinguish good from bad'.
The passive form is 'ayrılmak'. It means 'to be separated', 'to be divided', or 'to part'. For example, 'Şehir ikiye ayrıldı' means 'The city was divided in two', and 'Arkadaşlar ayrıldılar' means 'The friends parted'.
Yes, there are several idioms. 'Gönülden ayırmamak' means to cherish someone in your heart. 'Gözünden ayırmamak' means to watch someone very closely. 'Kulağından ayırmamak' means to listen attentively.
Common mistakes include confusing it with 'ayılmak' (to recover), using it incorrectly where 'bölmek' might be more appropriate, and errors with accusative case endings when referring to definite direct objects.
You can say 'yer ayırmak' (to reserve a place/seat) or 'masa ayırmak' (to reserve a table). For example, 'Bir masa ayırır mısınız?' means 'Could you reserve a table?'
'Ayrı' is an adjective meaning 'separate' or 'apart'. 'Ayırmak' is the verb, meaning 'to make separate' or 'to divide'. For instance, 'Oda ayrı' means 'The room is separate', and 'Odayı ayırıyorum' means 'I am separating the room'.
'Tahsis etmek' is a more formal verb often used in official or financial contexts for allocating large amounts of resources, like government funds for projects. 'Ayırmak' is more general and can be used in everyday situations.
自分をテスト 10 問
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Perfect score!
Summary
The verb 'ayırmak' is a fundamental Turkish word for actions involving separation, division, allocation, and distinction, applicable to both concrete objects and abstract concepts. Mastering its various uses is essential for fluent communication.
- To separate, divide, set aside, or allocate.
- Used for physical division, reserving resources, and distinguishing ideas.
- Crucial for everyday conversations about organization and planning.
- Be mindful of context and potential confusion with similar words.
Context is Key
The meaning of 'ayırmak' can shift significantly based on context. Pay close attention to the surrounding words and the overall situation to determine if it means to physically separate, allocate, reserve, or distinguish.
Mastering Case Endings
When 'ayırmak' is used with a specific, definite direct object, remember to use the accusative case ending (-ı, -i, -u, -ü). Forgetting this is a common error, so practice identifying definite direct objects.
The Elusive 'ı'
The Turkish vowel 'ı' can be challenging for English speakers. Practice the sound by listening to native speakers and try to produce it without rounding your lips, similar to the 'i' in 'cousin' or 'u' in 'just'.
Active Recall
Instead of just reading definitions, try to actively recall the meaning of 'ayırmak' by describing your daily actions that involve separation or allocation in Turkish. This active recall strengthens memory.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
aksine
B1それどころか、もっと悪くなった。
aktarmak
B1お金やデータをある場所から別の場所へ移すこと。
aktif
B1活動的な、アクティブな。人やシステムが動いている状態を指します。
akıbet
C1物事の最後、あるいは運命。「その計画の結末（akıbet）はまだ分からない。」
akıl
A2mind, intellect, wisdom
algılamak
B2五感や知性を通じて何かを知覚すること。
alternatif
B1An option or choice other than the present
alçak
B1このテーブルはとても低い (alçak) です。
ana
B1主な、主要な。 '主な道路' (ana yol)。 'この本の主題' (bu kitabın ana teması)。
aniden
B1突然に、急に。予期せぬことが起こる様子。
