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B2 noun 12分で読める

后遗症

hòuyízhèng
練習する 例文 メモとヒント 后遗症 30秒で
解説 后遗症 in your Level:
The word '后遗症' is generally too complex for A1 learners, as it deals with abstract medical concepts and consequences that occur after an event. A1 learners are typically focused on basic greetings, introductions, and simple descriptions of immediate surroundings and personal information. The concept of lingering effects from past illnesses or injuries is beyond the scope of their learning objectives at this stage. Therefore, there are no explanations suitable for A1 learners.
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At the A2 level, learners are beginning to handle simple, routine tasks requiring a direct exchange of information on familiar topics. While they can talk about personal experiences, the specific medical terminology and the concept of 'aftereffects' or 'sequelae' represented by '后遗症' are still quite advanced. Explaining this word would require a level of abstract thought and vocabulary that typically falls outside A2 proficiency. Learners at this stage might understand simple health complaints like 'I have a headache' or 'I am sick,' but the idea of long-term consequences from a past illness is too nuanced. Thus, direct explanations for A2 learners are not feasible.
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B1 learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. The term '后遗症' (hòuyízhèng) starts to become relevant here, as B1 learners might encounter it in news reports about health or in conversations about personal well-being, especially if they have encountered more serious illnesses or know someone who has. An explanation would focus on the basic idea: 'It means something that stays with you even after you get better from a sickness or injury.' For example, 'If you have a bad flu, you might feel tired for a long time afterward. That tiredness is a 后遗症.' We can introduce it by linking it to familiar concepts like 'getting better' and 'still feeling something'.
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B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. For B2 learners, '后遗症' (hòuyízhèng) can be explained in more detail, focusing on its medical context as the lingering effects or complications following a disease or injury. They can grasp the nuance that it's not just a symptom, but a persistent consequence. For instance, 'After recovering from pneumonia, some people might have 后遗症 like difficulty breathing or chronic fatigue. These are the lasting problems that remain even when the infection is gone.' We can also introduce the idea that it's a formal term used by doctors and in news.
C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. For C1 learners, '后遗症' (hòuyízhèng) can be explained with its full medical and even metaphorical implications. We can delve into its etymology (后 - after, 遗症 - sequela/residue) and discuss its usage in various contexts, including its formal register. For example, 'In medicine, 后遗症 refers to the persistent physical or psychological impairment that remains after an acute illness or injury has been resolved. It's a critical term for understanding long-term patient outcomes and rehabilitation needs. It can also be used metaphorically to describe the lasting negative impacts of significant events, such as the 后遗症 of a financial crisis.'
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C2 learners have an ease of understanding almost everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. For C2 learners, '后遗症' (hòuyízhèng) can be discussed in terms of its precise medical definitions, its etymological roots, and its subtle nuances in both literal and figurative applications. We can compare it with similar terms like '并发症' (complication) and '副作用' (side effect), highlighting the temporal and causal distinctions. For example, 'The term 后遗症 signifies a sequela, a condition that develops as a consequence of a disease or injury, persisting long after the initial pathology has been addressed. Its usage is predominantly clinical, but its metaphorical extension into socio-political or economic discourse highlights its power in conveying the enduring, often detrimental, impact of past events.'
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練習する 例文 メモとヒント

后遗症 30秒で

  • Lingering negative health effects after illness or injury.
  • Medical term for sequelae or complications.
  • Implies a problem that persists beyond the acute phase.
  • Used in formal health discussions and news.
Core Meaning
The term '后遗症' (hòuyízhèng) refers to the lingering effects or complications that arise after a disease, injury, or medical treatment has passed. It signifies a condition that persists even when the primary ailment is gone, often impacting a person's health or well-being.
Scope of Use
This word is predominantly used in medical contexts, discussions about health, and personal accounts of recovery. It can range from minor annoyances to severe disabilities. For instance, someone recovering from a severe flu might experience persistent fatigue as a '后遗症', while a stroke survivor might deal with long-term mobility issues that are considered '后遗症'. It's also used metaphorically to describe the lasting negative consequences of other events, though this is less common and more literary. The key is that it's an effect that 'follows' (后) from a primary cause and is a 'sequela' or 'aftermath' (遗症).
Nuance
It's important to note that '后遗症' implies a negative and often undesirable outcome. It's not simply a residual symptom that disappears quickly; rather, it's a more enduring consequence. The severity can vary greatly, from a temporary inconvenience to a permanent impairment. When discussing recovery, acknowledging '后遗症' can be a crucial part of understanding the full impact of an illness or injury.

The patient is still suffering from the 后遗症 of the surgery, including chronic pain.

It's common for serious illnesses to leave behind some form of 后遗症.

Common Associations
Often associated with serious diseases like pneumonia, COVID-19, stroke, heart attacks, severe injuries, or even mental health conditions. The recovery process is frequently discussed in terms of managing or overcoming these lingering effects.
Examples of 后遗症
Examples include: chronic fatigue, persistent cough, nerve damage, memory loss, mobility issues, psychological trauma, and sensory impairments. The specific '后遗症' depends entirely on the nature of the initial illness or injury.
Basic Structure
'后遗症' is a noun, so it typically functions as the subject or object of a sentence. It is often preceded by adjectives describing its severity or nature (e.g., 严重 - severe, 长期 - long-term, 某些 - certain) or by verbs indicating its presence or effect (e.g., 有 - have, 出现 - appear, 引起 - cause, 留下 - leave behind).
Common Sentence Patterns
1. Subject (person/illness/injury) + 有 (yǒu) / 留下 (liúxià) + 后遗症 (hòuyízhèng). This is the most straightforward way to state that someone or something has aftereffects. Example: '这次生病给他留下了不少后遗症。' (Zhè cì shēngbìng gěi tā liúxiàle bù shǎo hòuyízhèng. - This illness left him with quite a few aftereffects.)
2. 后遗症 (hòuyízhèng) + 是 (shì) / 表现为 (biǎoxiàn wéi) + Description of the symptom. This pattern describes what the aftereffect is. Example: '长期的咳嗽是新冠病毒感染的常见后遗症之一。' (Chángqí de késou shì xīnguān bìngdú gǎnrǎn de chángjiàn hòuyízhèng zhī yī. - Persistent cough is one of the common aftereffects of COVID-19 infection.)
3. Subject (illness/treatment) + 可能引起 (kěnéng yǐnqǐ) / 导致 (dǎozhì) + 后遗症 (hòuyízhèng). This pattern focuses on the cause of the aftereffects. Example: '这种药物可能会引起一些不容忽视的后遗症。' (Zhè zhǒng yàowù kěnéng huì yǐnqǐ yīxiē bù róng hūshì de hòuyízhèng. - This medication might cause some aftereffects that cannot be ignored.)
Adding Detail
You can add adjectives before '后遗症' to specify its nature. Common adjectives include: 严重 (yánzhòng - severe), 长期 (chángqī - long-term), 某些 (mǒuxiē - certain), 潜在 (qiánzài - potential), 难以治愈 (nányǐ zhìyù - difficult to cure). For instance, '他患有严重的运动后遗症。' (Tā huàn yǒu yánzhòng de yùndòng hòuyízhèng. - He suffers from severe post-exercise aftereffects.)
Connecting to the Cause
It's common to link the '后遗症' back to its original cause using phrases like: '...的后遗症' (...de hòuyízhèng - the aftereffects of...). Example: '这是他当年那场事故留下的后遗症。' (Zhè shì tā dāngnián nà chǎng shìgù liúxià de hòuyízhèng. - These are the aftereffects left by that accident he had back then.)
Expressing Concern or Action
Sentences might express concern about developing '后遗症' or actions taken to mitigate them. Example: '医生们正在研究如何减轻这种疗法的后遗症。' (Yīshēngmen zhèngzài yánjiū rúhé jiǎnqīng zhè zhǒng liáofǎ de hòuyízhèng. - Doctors are researching how to alleviate the aftereffects of this therapy.)
Figurative Use (Less Common)
While primarily medical, it can be used metaphorically. Example: '那场金融危机留下的后遗症至今仍在影响着经济。' (Nà chǎng jīnróng wēijī liúxià de hòuyízhèng zhìjīn réng zài yǐngxiǎngzhe jīngjì. - The aftereffects left by that financial crisis are still affecting the economy today.)
Negative Connotation
Remember that '后遗症' always carries a negative connotation, implying something undesirable that persists. Therefore, sentences using it often express concern, discuss challenges, or describe ongoing medical conditions.
Example Sentences

She developed a persistent tremor as a 后遗症 after the accident.

Doctors are working to manage the 后遗症 of the chemotherapy.

The long-term 后遗症 of the disease can include lung damage.

Medical Consultations
This is the most common place you'll encounter '后遗症'. Doctors use it when explaining the potential long-term effects of an illness or treatment to patients and their families. For example, after a surgery, a doctor might say, '手术本身很成功，但需要注意可能出现的 后遗症，比如感染或疼痛。' (The surgery itself was successful, but we need to be aware of potential aftereffects, such as infection or pain.) Patients might also ask about them: '请问这个病会有什么 后遗症 吗？' (Will this illness have any aftereffects?)
News and Public Health Announcements
During outbreaks of diseases like COVID-19, news reports and public health campaigns frequently discuss the 'long COVID' symptoms as '新冠的 后遗症' (xīnguān de hòuyízhèng - aftereffects of COVID). This helps the public understand the potential for lasting health issues beyond the acute phase of the illness. Articles might discuss research into these '后遗症' or advice on managing them.
Personal Health Discussions
Friends, family members, or colleagues might discuss their own or someone else's health challenges using this term. For example, someone recovering from a stroke might tell a friend, '我一直在努力康复，但手臂的麻木感是这次中风留下的 后遗症。' (I've been working hard on recovery, but the numbness in my arm is an aftereffect of the stroke.) This term is often used to explain ongoing physical or mental challenges.
Documentaries and Health Programs
Health-focused documentaries or television programs often feature personal stories of recovery from serious illnesses or accidents. In these narratives, '后遗症' is used to describe the persistent difficulties faced by individuals, such as chronic pain, fatigue, or psychological impacts. They might interview patients talking about their struggles with the '后遗症' of cancer treatment or a major injury.
Online Health Forums and Blogs
People seeking information or sharing experiences about health conditions frequently use '后遗症' in online communities. They might post questions like, '有没有人知道关于流感 后遗症 的治疗方法？' (Does anyone know about treatments for flu aftereffects?) or share their personal journey: '经历了漫长的治疗，我终于摆脱了疾病本身，但 后遗症 还在困扰我。' (After a long treatment, I finally got rid of the disease itself, but the aftereffects are still troubling me.)
Academic and Research Papers
In scientific literature, '后遗症' appears in studies discussing the long-term outcomes of various medical interventions, diseases, or public health crises. Research papers might analyze the prevalence, mechanisms, and management strategies for specific '后遗症'. For instance, a paper could be titled 'COVID-19 感染的神经系统 后遗症 研究' (Research on Neurological Aftereffects of COVID-19 Infection).
Figurative Use in Media
Occasionally, the term might be used metaphorically in news or opinion pieces to describe the lasting negative impacts of significant events, such as economic downturns or political crises. For example, '这次政治动荡给国家留下了深刻的 后遗症。' (This political turmoil has left the country with profound aftereffects.)
Confusing with Simple Symptoms
A common mistake is using '后遗症' for temporary or mild symptoms that resolve quickly. '后遗症' implies a consequence that persists beyond the initial illness or injury, often for a significant period or even permanently. For example, a slight headache after a long flight is not a '后遗症'. However, if that headache became chronic and debilitating after a head injury, then it could be considered a '后遗症'. Learners might incorrectly label any lingering discomfort as '后遗症' without considering its duration and severity relative to the initial cause.
Overgeneralization
Another error is using '后遗症' too broadly. While it can be used metaphorically for negative consequences of non-medical events (like financial crises), its primary and most common usage is in a medical or health-related context. Applying it to minor inconveniences or everyday problems without a clear link to a preceding illness or injury can sound unnatural or exaggerated. For instance, saying '我今天迟到是会议的后遗症' (I was late today because of the meeting's aftereffects) is incorrect. A more appropriate use would be if the meeting caused severe stress that led to a physical ailment.
Ignoring the 'After' Aspect
The term literally means 'following the illness/injury' (后 - after, 遗症 - sequela/residue). Misusing it involves applying it to symptoms that are part of the active illness itself, rather than consequences that appear or persist after the primary condition has supposedly resolved or is being managed. For example, if someone is actively fighting a severe infection and experiencing high fever, that fever is a symptom of the active infection, not a '后遗症'. A '后遗症' would be something like chronic fatigue or lung scarring that appears after the infection has been cleared.
Incorrect Grammatical Usage
As a noun, '后遗症' needs to be used correctly within sentence structure. Learners might mistakenly use it as a verb or adjective. For example, saying '他后遗症了' (He after-effected) is grammatically incorrect. Correct usage would involve a verb like '有' (to have) or '留下' (to leave behind), as in '他有后遗症' (He has aftereffects).
Using it for Positive Outcomes
'后遗症' inherently carries a negative connotation. It refers to complications or lingering problems. Using it to describe positive outcomes or beneficial side effects would be a significant error. For instance, if a medical treatment has an unexpected but beneficial long-term effect, it would not be called a '后遗症'.
Pronunciation and Tones
While not strictly a vocabulary error, mispronouncing the tones (hòu yí zhèng) can lead to misunderstandings or make the word sound awkward. Incorrect tones can sometimes change the meaning of individual characters or make the word difficult to recognize for native speakers.
Example of Incorrect Usage

Incorrect: 我感冒好了，但还有点咳嗽，这是后遗症。

Correct: 我感冒好了，但还有点咳嗽，这可能是感冒的后遗症，需要观察。

并发症 (bìngfāzhèng)
Meaning: Complication. This refers to a condition that develops during the course of a primary disease or treatment, often making the primary condition worse. It happens *concurrently* with the main illness or treatment.
Difference: '并发症' occurs *during* the illness or treatment, while '后遗症' occurs *after* the primary illness or treatment has largely passed. A heart attack patient might develop pneumonia as a '并发症' (complication during the illness), but persistent shortness of breath after recovery from the heart attack would be a '后遗症' (aftereffect).
副作用 (fùzuòyòng)
Meaning: Side effect. This refers to an unintended, often undesirable, effect of a medication or medical treatment.
Difference: '副作用' is specifically related to the effects of drugs or treatments, whereas '后遗症' can stem from any disease, injury, or treatment. A patient might experience nausea as a '副作用' of chemotherapy, but long-term fatigue after completing chemotherapy would be a '后遗症'. Sometimes, a severe side effect can develop into a '后遗症'.
残疾 (cánjí)
Meaning: Disability. This refers to a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Difference: '残疾' describes the state of being disabled, while '后遗症' describes the cause or the lingering condition that might *lead* to a disability. For example, paralysis resulting from a stroke is a '残疾' (disability), and the stroke itself is the cause, while the lingering neurological damage that results in paralysis is the '后遗症' (aftereffect).
后患 (hòuhuàn)
Meaning: Future trouble; hidden danger; aftermath. This is a more general term for negative consequences or problems that arise later.
Difference: '后患' is broader and can be used in non-medical contexts, similar to the metaphorical use of '后遗症'. However, '后遗症' is more specific to the medical context and implies a lingering effect from a disease or injury. '后患' can refer to any future trouble, not necessarily health-related. Example: '不注意环保会带来严重的后患。' (Not paying attention to environmental protection will bring serious future trouble.)
病根 (bìnggēn)
Meaning: Root cause of a disease; underlying cause.
Difference: '病根' refers to the fundamental reason or origin of a disease, often something that needs to be addressed for a complete cure. '后遗症' refers to the lingering effects *after* the primary disease has been treated or has run its course. You might treat the '病根' to prevent '后遗症'.
Alternative Phrasing
Instead of '后遗症', one might use more descriptive phrases depending on the context, such as: '长期的影响' (chángqī de yǐngxiǎng - long-term effects), '持续的症状' (chíxù de zhèngzhuàng - persistent symptoms), '康复过程中的问题' (kāngfù guòchéng zhōng de wèntí - problems during the recovery process), or '身体的损伤' (shēntǐ de sǔnshāng - physical damage).

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The character '遗' (yí) itself contains the radical '走' (zǒu), meaning 'to walk' or 'to move', suggesting something that moves on or is left behind as one moves forward. This reinforces the idea of something remaining after an event has progressed.

発音ガイド

UK /hɔʊˌjɪˈt͡ʃɛŋ/
US /hoʊˌjɪˈt͡ʃɛŋ/
The primary stress often falls on the second and third syllables ('yí' and 'zhèng'), with a secondary stress on the first syllable ('hòu'). The final syllable 'zhèng' often carries the strongest emphasis.
韻が合う語
méng péng féng jìng qǐng xìng wēng lóng
よくある間違い
  • Mispronouncing the tones: Incorrect tones can change the meaning of the word entirely.
  • Pronouncing 'hòu' as a flat tone instead of falling-rising.
  • Pronouncing 'yí' as a falling tone instead of rising.
  • Pronouncing 'zhèng' as a flat tone or a rising tone instead of falling-rising.
  • Adding unnatural pauses between syllables, making it sound choppy.

難易度

読解 4/5

CEFR B2 level. Understanding '后遗症' in reading requires familiarity with medical terminology and the concept of long-term consequences. It's often found in news articles about health, scientific reports, or personal accounts of illness, which can be challenging due to specialized vocabulary and complex sentence structures.

ライティング 4/5

CEFR B2 level. Using '后遗症' accurately in writing requires understanding its precise meaning, context, and grammatical function. Learners need to distinguish it from similar terms like '并发症' and '副作用', and use it appropriately in medical or formal contexts.

スピーキング 4/5

CEFR B2 level. Speaking about '后遗症' requires confidence in discussing health matters, often in a formal or semi-formal setting. Learners need to be able to articulate the concept clearly and use it in relevant conversational contexts, which can be difficult due to the word's specificity.

リスニング 4/5

CEFR B2 level. Recognizing '后遗症' in spoken Chinese requires good listening comprehension, especially in contexts like doctor's consultations, news reports, or documentaries. The tones and the specific medical meaning need to be understood correctly.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

病 (bìng - illness) 伤 (shāng - injury) 治疗 (zhìliáo - treatment) 恢复 (huīfù - recover) 症状 (zhèngzhuàng - symptom) 影响 (yǐngxiǎng - influence, effect) 身体 (shēntǐ - body) 健康 (jiànkāng - health)

次に学ぶ

并发症 (bìngfāzhèng - complication) 副作用 (fùzuòyòng - side effect) 康复 (kāngfù - rehabilitation) 慢性 (mànxìng - chronic) 急性 (jíxìng - acute) 病因 (bìngyīn - cause of illness) 病理 (bìnglǐ - pathology)

上級

病理学 (bìnglǐxué - pathology) 康复医学 (kāngfù yīxué - rehabilitation medicine) 临床医学 (línchuáng yīxué - clinical medicine) Sequelae (English term for direct comparison)

知っておくべき文法

Using 的 (de) to show possession or modification.

这是疾病的后遗症。(This is the disease's aftereffect.)

Using measure words like 种 (zhǒng - kind/type) or 个 (gè - general) with nouns.

他有一些长期的后遗症。(He has some long-term aftereffects.)

Verbs like 有 (yǒu - to have), 留下 (liúxià - to leave behind), 出现 (chūxiàn - to appear) followed by the noun.

这次事故留下了严重的后遗症。(This accident left behind severe aftereffects.)

Adjectives modifying the noun '后遗症'.

我们需要警惕潜在的后遗症。(We need to be vigilant about potential aftereffects.)

Using potential complements with verbs related to '后遗症'.

这种药物可能引起严重的后遗症。(This medication may cause severe aftereffects.)

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レベル別の例文

1

流感过后，我感觉身体很虚弱，这可能是后遗症。

After the flu, I felt very weak. This might be an aftereffect.

'后遗症' is used here as a noun referring to the lingering weakness.

2

医生说我的腿骨折后，需要很长时间才能恢复，可能会有后遗症。

The doctor said my broken leg will take a long time to recover and might have aftereffects.

'后遗症' is used to describe potential long-term problems from the fracture.

3

听朋友说，新冠病毒感染后，有些人会有后遗症，比如一直咳嗽。

I heard from a friend that after COVID-19 infection, some people have aftereffects, like constant coughing.

This sentence uses '后遗症' to describe a common persistent symptom after an illness.

4

这次受伤让我很担心，不知道会不会留下后遗症。

I'm very worried about this injury, I don't know if it will leave aftereffects.

'留下后遗症' is a common phrase meaning 'to leave behind aftereffects'.

1

这次手术虽然成功，但医生警告说可能会出现一些后遗症，比如慢性疼痛。

Although the surgery was successful, the doctor warned that some aftereffects, such as chronic pain, might occur.

'后遗症' is used in a medical context to describe potential complications following surgery.

2

许多康复中心的患者都在努力克服疾病带来的后遗症，例如行动不便。

Many patients in rehabilitation centers are working hard to overcome the aftereffects of their illness, such as mobility issues.

This sentence highlights the management of '后遗症' in a rehabilitation setting.

3

研究表明，某些长期暴露在污染环境中的人群，可能会有呼吸系统的后遗症。

Research indicates that some people chronically exposed to polluted environments may have respiratory aftereffects.

'后遗症' is used here in a public health context, linking environmental factors to long-term health consequences.

4

他因车祸留下了严重的后遗症，包括记忆力减退和情绪不稳定。

He was left with severe aftereffects from the car accident, including memory loss and emotional instability.

Describes specific psychological and cognitive '后遗症' resulting from an injury.

1

尽管医疗技术不断进步，但一些复杂的疾病仍然可能留下难以治愈的后遗症。

Despite continuous advancements in medical technology, some complex diseases may still leave behind difficult-to-cure aftereffects.

Emphasizes the severity and persistence of '后遗症' even with medical progress.

2

这场经济危机对许多中小企业而言，其后遗症将持续数年。

For many small and medium-sized enterprises, the aftereffects of this economic crisis will persist for several years.

This sentence uses '后遗症' metaphorically to describe the long-lasting negative economic impact.

3

研究人员正在探索如何通过基因疗法来缓解某些遗传性疾病的后遗症。

Researchers are exploring how gene therapy can alleviate the aftereffects of certain genetic diseases.

Focuses on potential medical interventions for mitigating '后遗症'.

4

那次政治动荡给国家带来的后遗症，包括社会信任度的下降和长期的经济不稳定。

The aftereffects brought to the country by that political turmoil include a decline in social trust and long-term economic instability.

Illustrates the use of '后遗症' to describe societal and economic consequences of political events.

1

理解后遗症的病理机制，对于制定有效的长期康复方案至关重要。

Understanding the pathological mechanisms of sequelae is crucial for developing effective long-term rehabilitation plans.

This sentence uses '后遗症' in a highly academic medical context, emphasizing its pathological basis.

2

鉴于其广泛的社会影响，我们必须审慎评估那场灾难所遗留的后遗症。

Given its widespread societal impact, we must prudently assess the sequelae left behind by that disaster.

'后遗症' is used here in a formal, analytical context to discuss the profound, enduring consequences of a disaster.

3

该疗法的后遗症表现形式多样，从轻微的疲劳到严重的神经损伤不等，其发生率与剂量和个体差异显著相关。

The sequelae of this therapy manifest in diverse forms, ranging from mild fatigue to severe nerve damage, with their incidence significantly correlated with dosage and individual differences.

Provides a detailed, scientific description of the manifestations and contributing factors of '后遗症'.

4

历史事件的后遗症往往体现在文化、政治和经济的深层结构中，其影响的显现可能需要数代人的时间。

The sequelae of historical events are often reflected in the deep structures of culture, politics, and economics, and their impact may take several generations to manifest.

This sentence uses '后遗症' in a sophisticated, abstract manner to discuss the deep, generational impact of historical events.

よく使う組み合わせ

严重的后遗症
长期的后遗症
留下后遗症
出现后遗症
某种后遗症
治疗后遗症
疾病的后遗症
手术后遗症
心理后遗症
神经后遗症

よく使うフレーズ

留下后遗症 (liúxià hòuyízhèng)

— To leave behind aftereffects or complications.

这次严重的流感给他留下了长期的后遗症，比如持续的疲劳感。

有后遗症 (yǒu hòuyízhèng)

— To have aftereffects or complications.

医生担心这个手术可能会有一些后遗症。

出现后遗症 (chūxiàn hòuyízhèng)

— Aftereffects or complications appear.

有些人在感染新冠病毒后，会出现各种后遗症。

某种后遗症 (mǒuzhǒng hòuyízhèng)

— A certain type of aftereffect or complication.

他正在接受治疗，以减轻某种创伤后遗症。

严重的后遗症 (yánzhòng de hòuyízhèng)

— Severe aftereffects or complications.

这次事故造成的严重的后遗症让他无法正常工作。

长期的后遗症 (chángqī de hòuyízhèng)

— Long-term aftereffects or complications.

我们必须关注那些可能存在的长期的后遗症。

疾病的后遗症 (jíbìng de hòuyízhèng)

— Aftereffects or complications of a disease.

医生解释了这种疾病的后遗症，并提供了治疗建议。

手术的后遗症 (shǒushù de hòuyízhèng)

— Aftereffects or complications of surgery.

虽然手术很成功，但手术的后遗症仍然需要关注。

心理后遗症 (xīnlǐ hòuyízhèng)

— Psychological aftereffects or complications.

经历过创伤事件的人可能会有心理的后遗症。

治疗后遗症 (zhìliáo hòuyízhèng)

— Treating the aftereffects or complications.

目前还没有专门治疗这种后遗症的方法。

よく混同される語

后遗症 vs 并发症 (bìngfāzhèng)

While both relate to negative outcomes, '并发症' occurs *during* an illness or treatment, whereas '后遗症' occurs *after* the primary condition has largely passed. Think of '并发症' as a complication that arises while you're still sick, and '后遗症' as the lingering problem once you've started to recover.

后遗症 vs 副作用 (fùzuòyòng)

'副作用' specifically refers to unintended effects of medications or medical treatments. '后遗症' is broader and can result from any disease or injury, not just treatments. A side effect can sometimes *become* an aftereffect if it persists long-term.

后遗症 vs 后患 (hòuhuàn)

'后患' is a more general term for future trouble or hidden dangers and can be used metaphorically outside of health contexts. '后遗症' is primarily medical and refers to specific, lingering health consequences.

慣用句と表現

"病来如山倒，病去如抽丝"

— This common saying describes how illnesses often strike suddenly and severely (like a mountain collapsing) but recovery is a slow, gradual process (like silk being drawn out). It indirectly relates to '后遗症' as the 'drawing out' phase can involve dealing with lingering issues.

虽然我的病已经好了，但身体还是感觉很虚弱，真是‘病来如山倒，病去如抽丝’。我担心这会是后遗症。

Proverbial, common speech
"旧病复发"

— This idiom means a previous illness recurs. While not a direct synonym for '后遗症', a '后遗症' could sometimes be mistaken for or contribute to a recurrence of a related condition.

他担心上次受伤的后遗症会导致旧病复发。

Medical, common speech
"心有余悸"

— Literally means 'the heart still has lingering fear'. It describes the feeling of unease or fear that remains after a frightening experience. This can be a psychological '后遗症'.

经历了那场可怕的车祸，即使已经康复，他仍然心有余悸，这是一种心理上的后遗症。

Figurative, common speech
"阴影挥之不去"

— Literally 'the shadow cannot be dispelled'. It refers to a persistent negative influence or memory from a past event, often traumatic. This is very similar to psychological '后遗症'.

那次失败的经历给他留下了阴影挥之不去，成为了他事业上的后遗症。

Figurative, common speech
"老毛病"

— An old problem or chronic ailment that keeps recurring. Similar to '后遗症' in that it's a persistent issue, but '后遗症' specifically follows a distinct event (illness/injury).

我的腰总是老毛病，可能是以前受过伤留下的后遗症。

Informal, common speech

間違えやすい

后遗症 vs 并发症

Both '后遗症' and '并发症' refer to negative medical conditions that can arise from a primary illness or treatment.

'并发症' (complication) refers to a condition that develops *during* the course of a primary disease or treatment, often exacerbating the original problem. It's something that happens concurrently. '后遗症' (sequela/aftereffect) refers to a condition that persists or appears *after* the primary disease or treatment has largely resolved. It's a lingering consequence.

During pneumonia treatment, a patient might develop a blood clot as a <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>并发症</mark>. After recovering from the pneumonia, if they still experience chronic fatigue, that would be a <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>.

后遗症 vs 副作用

Both terms describe unwanted effects, and both can sometimes be long-lasting.

'副作用' (side effect) is specifically related to the unintended consequences of a medication or medical procedure. It's an effect that occurs alongside the intended therapeutic effect. '后遗症' (aftereffect) is a broader term that can stem from any disease, injury, or treatment, and it specifically implies a condition that remains or develops *after* the initial event has passed. A severe side effect can sometimes develop into a '后遗症'.

Chemotherapy can cause nausea as a <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>副作用</mark>. If that chemotherapy also causes permanent nerve damage, that damage is a <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>.

后遗症 vs 后患

Both '后遗症' and '后患' involve negative consequences that appear later.

'后患' (future trouble, hidden danger) is a more general term that can apply to any situation where neglecting something now leads to problems later, not necessarily health-related. It often implies a potential for future trouble. '后遗症' is specifically used for the lingering medical or psychological consequences of a disease, injury, or treatment. While '后遗症' can be seen as a type of '后患', '后患' is much broader.

Not taking care of your teeth now might lead to <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后患</mark> later. The persistent cough after a severe cold is a <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>.

后遗症 vs 残疾 (cánjí)

Both can describe conditions that limit a person's abilities.

'残疾' (disability) refers to the state of having a physical or mental condition that limits one's movements, senses, or activities. It describes the functional impairment. '后遗症' (aftereffect) refers to the underlying cause or the lingering condition that *results in* a disability. The disability is the consequence, and the aftereffect is often the medical reason for that consequence.

Paralysis of the legs is a <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>残疾</mark>. This paralysis is a <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark> of the spinal cord injury.

后遗症 vs 遗留 (yíliú)

Both involve something being left behind.

'遗留' (yíliú) is a verb meaning 'to leave behind' or 'to bequeath', or a noun meaning 'remains' or 'legacy'. It's about something that is left over from a past event or person. '后遗症' is a specific type of '遗留' – it's the '遗症' (symptom/disease) that is '后' (left behind). You can say an event '遗留' problems, but the specific health problems are '后遗症'.

The war <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>遗留</mark> many problems. The <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark> of the war included widespread trauma and illness.

文型パターン

A2/B1

Subject + (因为/由于) + [Illness/Injury] + (而) + 留下/有 + 后遗症。

因为上次受伤，他留下了<mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。

B1

Subject + (在/从) + [Illness/Injury] + 后 + 出现/有 + 后遗症。

流感后，他出现了<mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。

B1/B2

Modifier + 的 + 后遗症 + 是 + [Description]。

长期的<mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>是疲劳。

B2

Subject + 可能会引起/导致 + (某种/严重的/长期的) + 后遗症。

这种治疗可能会引起<mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>严重的</mark><mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。

B2

关于 + [Topic] + 的 + 后遗症 + 的 + 研究/讨论。

关于新冠的<mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>的研究很多。

C1

Subject + 正在 + 努力/研究 + 减轻/治疗 + 后遗症。

医生们正在努力减轻<mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。

C1

Metaphorical: Event + 留下 + (深刻的/长期的) + 后遗症。

那场危机留下了深刻的经济<mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。

C2

The + 后遗症 + 表现为 + [Detailed Description]。

该疾病的<mark class='bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>表现为持续的疼痛和行动不便。

語族

名詞

后遗症
遗症

動詞

遗留

関連

后 (hòu - after, behind)
遗 (yí - leave behind, inherit)
症 (zhèng - symptom, disease)
并发症 (bìngfāzhèng - complication)
副作用 (fùzuòyòng - side effect)
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使い方

frequency

Medium to High, especially in contexts related to health and medicine.

よくある間違い
  • Using '后遗症' for temporary symptoms after a mild illness. → Using '持续的症状' (persistent symptoms) or simply describing the temporary feeling.

    '后遗症' implies a lasting consequence that persists beyond the acute phase of an illness or injury. A mild cough for a few days after a cold is usually not considered '后遗症'.

  • Confusing '后遗症' with '并发症'. → Use '并发症' for issues that arise *during* an illness and '后遗症' for issues that linger *after* recovery.

    '并发症' happens concurrently with the main illness, while '后遗症' is a sequela that follows the resolution of the primary condition.

  • Applying '后遗症' to positive outcomes. → Use terms like '益处' (benefit) or '积极影响' (positive impact).

    '后遗症' always refers to negative or undesirable consequences. It cannot be used to describe beneficial lingering effects.

  • Using '后遗症' as a verb. → Use verbs like '有' (to have), '留下' (to leave behind), or '出现' (to appear) with '后遗症' as the object.

    '后遗症' is a noun. Sentences like '他后遗症了' are grammatically incorrect.

  • Using '后遗症' for any future trouble, not just health-related. → Use '后患' or '遗留问题' for general future problems.

    While '后遗症' can be used metaphorically, its primary and most accurate use is in the medical context. For non-medical future problems, broader terms are more appropriate.

ヒント

Mastering the Tones

Pay close attention to the tones of '后' (hòu - falling-rising), '遗' (yí - rising), and '症' (zhèng - falling-rising). Incorrect tones can significantly alter the meaning or make the word unrecognizable. Practice saying it aloud, focusing on the melody of each syllable.

Medical vs. Metaphorical Use

While primarily a medical term, '后遗症' can be used metaphorically for lasting negative impacts of events. Be aware of the context to understand whether it's a literal health issue or a figurative description of enduring consequences.

Distinguishing from Similar Terms

Understand the nuances between '后遗症' (aftereffects), '并发症' (complications during illness), and '副作用' (side effects of treatments). '后遗症' is about persistence *after* the main issue.

Etymology Clues

Remember the characters: '后' (after) + '遗' (left behind) + '症' (symptom). This literal breakdown—'after-left-behind symptom'—is a strong mnemonic for its meaning.

Formal vs. Informal

In formal medical or news contexts, '后遗症' is standard. In very casual conversation, people might use simpler phrases like 'still feeling sick' or 'long-term effects', but '后遗症' is appropriate when discussing serious, persistent issues.

Sentence Building

Create sentences using '后遗症' in different contexts: after an illness, after an injury, and even metaphorically. This active practice will solidify your understanding and usage.

Cultural Relevance

The concept of '后遗症' is well-understood in Chinese culture, reflecting an awareness of the body's vulnerability and the importance of long-term health management. It's a term used in everyday health discussions and public health awareness.

Severity and Duration

When using '后遗症', consider the severity and duration. Adjectives like '严重' (severe) or '长期' (long-term) can add important detail and convey the impact of the aftereffect.

Understanding Medical Narratives

Recognizing '后遗症' is key to understanding personal stories of recovery, medical reports, and news about health crises. It helps grasp the full scope of an illness's impact.

Avoid Trivialization

Since '后遗症' often refers to significant and persistent health problems, use it with sensitivity. Avoid using it for minor, temporary inconveniences to prevent trivializing the experiences of those who suffer from serious aftereffects.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of '后' (hòu) as 'HOw' you feel *after* the sickness. '遗' (yí) sounds like 'EASY' to forget, but it's actually 'left behind'. '症' (zhèng) sounds like 'CHENG' (a common surname, perhaps a doctor's name) who treats these lingering symptoms. So, 'HOw' you feel 'left behind' by Dr. 'CHENG'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person who has just recovered from a severe illness, looking exhausted. Behind them, a faint, ghostly shadow of the illness lingers, representing the '后遗症'. The shadow is not the main illness, but its persistent echo.

Word Web

Medical Health Illness Injury Complication Sequela Lingering effects Recovery Rehabilitation Symptoms Chronic Pain Fatigue Damage Treatment

チャレンジ

Try to describe a common illness (like the flu or a cold) and then explain what a possible '后遗症' might be, using the word '后遗症' at least once in your description.

語源

The word '后遗症' is a Chinese compound word formed by combining three characters: '后' (hòu), '遗' (yí), and '症' (zhèng). '后' means 'after' or 'behind'. '遗' means 'to leave behind' or 'to bequeath'. '症' means 'symptom' or 'disease'. Together, they literally translate to 'after-left-symptom' or 'after-sequela'.

元の意味： The original meaning is the symptom or condition that is left behind after a disease or injury has passed.

Sino-Tibetan

文化的な背景

When discussing '后遗症', it's important to be sensitive, as it often refers to difficult and persistent health problems. Avoid using the term lightly or in situations where it might trivialize someone's suffering. Ensure the context is appropriate, usually in medical or serious health-related discussions.

In English, terms like 'aftereffects', 'sequelae', 'lingering symptoms', 'complications', or 'long-term effects' are used. 'Sequelae' is the most direct medical equivalent but is less common in everyday conversation.

Discussions surrounding 'long COVID' frequently use the term '后遗症' to describe persistent symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, and respiratory issues. News reports about major accidents or natural disasters often detail the physical and psychological '后遗症' experienced by survivors. In historical dramas or discussions about past wars, the '后遗症' can refer to the lasting societal or individual traumas experienced by those affected.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Doctor's consultation after an illness or surgery.

  • 请问这次手术会有<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>吗？
  • 医生解释了<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>的可能性。
  • 我们需要关注<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>的治疗。
  • 这次疾病留下了<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。

News reports on public health issues (e.g., pandemics, major accidents).

  • 研究<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>的影响。
  • 长期<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>困扰着许多人。
  • 如何应对<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。
  • 这次事件留下了<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。

Personal conversations about health and recovery.

  • 我担心会留下<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。
  • 这次生病留下了<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。
  • 我的<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>是...
  • 你有什么<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>吗？

Medical research and academic discussions.

  • 探讨<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>的病理。
  • 评估<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>的发生率。
  • 制定<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>的管理方案。
  • 研究<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>的治疗方法。

Metaphorical use in discussions about societal or economic impacts.

  • 这次危机留下了<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。
  • 政治动荡的<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>。
  • 经济<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>持续多年。
  • 社会<mark class='bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>需要时间修复。

会話のきっかけ

"Have you ever heard of 'long COVID' and its persistent symptoms? They are often referred to as 后遗症."

"When people recover from serious illnesses, what kind of lasting effects, or 后遗症, do they most commonly face?"

"Can you think of any situations, perhaps from news or personal stories, where someone experienced significant 后遗症 after an injury?"

"What's the difference between a 'complication' during an illness and an 'aftereffect' (后遗症) after recovery?"

"Beyond medical contexts, can you imagine how the term 后遗症 might be used metaphorically to describe the lasting impact of a major event?"

日記のテーマ

Describe a time you or someone you know experienced a lingering effect after being sick or injured. How would you use the word <mark class='bg-indigo-200 dark:bg-indigo-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark> to explain it?

Imagine you are a doctor explaining the potential <mark class='bg-indigo-200 dark:bg-indigo-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark> of a common treatment to a patient. Write a short dialogue.

Reflect on a significant challenge you've overcome. Can you identify any lasting impacts or 'aftereffects' (<mark class='bg-indigo-200 dark:bg-indigo-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark>) from that experience, even if they are not physical?

Research a specific disease known for its potential <mark class='bg-indigo-200 dark:bg-indigo-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark> (e.g., stroke, COVID-19). Write a paragraph summarizing these effects.

Consider a historical event or a societal issue. How might the concept of <mark class='bg-indigo-200 dark:bg-indigo-800 px-0.5 rounded'>后遗症</mark> apply metaphorically to its long-term consequences?

よくある質問

10 問

'后遗症' (hòuyízhèng) refers to the lingering effects or complications that remain *after* a disease or injury has largely passed or been treated. '并发症' (bìngfāzhèng), on the other hand, refers to a condition that develops *during* the course of the primary illness or treatment, often making the original condition worse. Think of '并发症' as something that happens while you're sick, and '后遗症' as something that sticks around after you've started to get better.

No, '后遗症' inherently carries a negative connotation. It refers to undesirable lingering effects, complications, or impairments. Positive outcomes after an illness or injury are typically referred to as recovery or successful rehabilitation, not '后遗症'.

Not necessarily. While '后遗症' often implies a persistent condition, the duration can vary greatly. Some '后遗症' might be long-lasting but manageable, while others can be permanent impairments. The key is that they persist beyond the acute phase of the illness or injury.

Yes, absolutely. '后遗症' can refer to psychological or emotional consequences as well as physical ones. For example, someone who has experienced a traumatic event might develop psychological '后遗症' like anxiety, PTSD, or depression that linger long after the event itself.

For a common cold, significant '后遗症' are rare. Usually, any lingering symptoms like a mild cough or fatigue are temporary and resolve quickly. However, for more severe illnesses like influenza, COVID-19, or serious injuries, the likelihood and severity of '后遗症' increase significantly.

Examples include chronic fatigue after an infection, persistent pain after an injury, nerve damage leading to numbness or weakness, memory loss after a head injury, difficulty breathing after severe pneumonia, or psychological trauma after a major accident.

'后遗症' is the direct Chinese translation of the medical term 'sequelae'. Both refer to the pathological conditions or functional impairments that persist as a consequence of a disease, injury, or medical intervention, often long after the acute phase has resolved. 'Aftereffects' and 'long-term effects' are more common English equivalents in everyday conversation.

Yes, it's possible. If a side effect of a medication or treatment is severe and persists long-term, it can then be considered a '后遗症'. For instance, if a drug causes temporary dizziness (a side effect), but then leads to persistent vertigo long after the drug is stopped, that vertigo could be classified as a '后遗症'.

Metaphorically, '后遗症' refers to the lasting negative impacts of non-medical events. For example, a major economic crisis might leave behind 'economic aftereffects' (经济后遗症) such as high unemployment or increased debt that persist for years.

Break it down: '后' (hòu) means 'after', '遗' (yí) means 'left behind', and '症' (zhèng) means 'symptom' or 'condition'. So, it's the 'after-left-behind condition' – the symptoms that remain after the main illness is gone.

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