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B2 noun 10分で読める

凄凉

練習する例文メモとヒント凄凉 30秒で

解説凄凉 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '凄凉' (qīliáng) is a bit advanced. Think of it as a very strong way to say 'sad' and 'cold' together. Imagine a place with no people and no sun. It's like when a toy is broken and left in the rain. You probably won't use this word often, but you might see it in simple stories about lonely animals or winter. Just remember: it means 'very sad, lonely, and cold.' Examples: 'The house is qīliáng' (no one lives there). 'The weather is qīliáng' (it makes you feel sad).

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For A2 learners, '凄凉' starts to appear in descriptions of places and feelings. It's more than just 'sad' (难过). It describes a 'desolate' feeling. You can use it to describe a park in winter when all the leaves are gone and no children are playing. It helps you talk about things that look empty and make you feel a little unhappy. If you see an old house with broken windows, you can say it is '凄凉.' It's an adjective that adds more emotion to your sentences. Try to use it with '的' to describe nouns, like '凄凉的地方' (a desolate place).

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At the B1 level, you should understand that '凄凉' has two main uses: describing a scene and describing a person's life. In a scene, it means 'bleak' or 'dreary.' In life, it means 'miserable' or 'lonely.' You might hear it in movies when a character loses their family or job. It's a key word for expressing deep empathy. You can start using degree adverbs like '很' (very) or '非常' (extremely) with it. For example, '他的晚年生活非常凄凉' means his life in old age is very lonely and poor. It’s a step up from '寂寞' because it suggests the situation is quite serious.

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At the B2 level, '凄凉' is a word you should be able to use and recognize in various contexts, including literature and news. You should distinguish it from synonyms like '荒凉' (physical desolation) and '萧条' (economic depression). '凄凉' carries a strong subjective, emotional weight. It is often used to describe the 'atmosphere' (氛围) of a story or the 'state of mind' (心境) of a person. You should be comfortable using it in written essays to create a specific mood. For instance, describing the aftermath of a disaster as '一片凄凉' (a scene of utter desolation) shows a high level of vocabulary control.

For C1 learners, '凄凉' is a tool for nuanced expression. You should understand its cultural associations, such as its prevalence in classical Chinese poetry to evoke the 'beauty of sorrow.' You can use it metaphorically to describe a fading tradition or a dying art form. At this level, you should also be familiar with common idioms and four-character phrases that include '凄' or '凉,' and understand how '凄凉' contributes to the overall 'tone' (基调) of a literary work. You might analyze how an author uses '凄凉' to contrast with a previous state of '繁华' (prosperity), highlighting the theme of impermanence.

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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly grasp of '凄凉.' You can use it with precision in academic discussions about aesthetics, sociology, or literature. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its subtle differences from archaic terms like '凄怆.' You can use it to describe complex existential states or to critique social failures with poetic gravity. In your own writing, you use it sparingly but effectively to anchor the emotional resonance of a piece. You also recognize its use in classical music and art criticism, where it describes a specific sensory and emotional quality that is uniquely Chinese.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

凄凉 30秒で

凄凉 (qīliáng) means desolate or dreary, describing both cold, empty places and lonely, miserable life situations.
It is a B2-level word used in formal writing, literature, and news to evoke deep sympathy or somber moods.
The word combines 'chilly' (凄) and 'cool' (凉), creating a metaphor for the lack of human warmth and hope.
Commonly paired with 'old age' (晚年) or 'scenery' (景象), it is stronger and more tragic than simple loneliness.

The Chinese word 凄凉 (qīliáng) is a poignant and multi-layered term that bridges the gap between physical environment and internal emotional states. At its core, it describes a sense of desolation, dreariness, and profound loneliness. Unlike simple sadness, 凄凉 implies a cold, hollow, and often neglected state of being or surroundings. It is frequently used in literature, poetry, and formal discourse to evoke a sense of tragedy or abandonment.

Environmental Desolation: When describing a place, it refers to a scene that is empty, cold, and perhaps decaying. Think of an abandoned village in winter or a once-grand house now covered in dust and cobwebs. The word suggests that the life and warmth that once existed have vanished.
Emotional Misery: When applied to a person's life or circumstances, it often refers to a lonely and miserable situation, particularly in one's old age (晚景凄凉). It conveys a sense of being forsaken by family or society, leaving the individual to face the 'coldness' of life alone.
Aesthetic Melancholy: In Chinese aesthetics, there is a certain beauty found in the 'qīliáng' atmosphere—a reflective, somber mood that acknowledges the fleeting nature of prosperity and the inevitability of decay.

秋风吹过荒芜的院子，显得格外凄凉。(The autumn wind blew through the overgrown courtyard, making it appear exceptionally desolate.)

The word is composed of two characters: qī (凄), which means chilly, cold, or miserable, and liáng (凉), which means cool or cold. Together, they create a linguistic temperature that is sub-zero, both physically and metaphorically. You will encounter this word when reading classical novels like 'Dream of the Red Chamber' or when watching modern dramas where a character is left behind in a tragic turn of events.

那位老人独自生活在破旧的屋子里，晚年十分凄凉。(That elderly man lives alone in a dilapidated house; his later years are very miserable and lonely.)

In a historical context, '凄凉' often describes the aftermath of war or natural disasters. Historians might use it to describe a city that was once a bustling capital but has been reduced to rubble. The emotional weight of the word comes from the contrast between what was and what is now. It is a word of shadows and echoes.

听到这个凄凉的故事，我不禁流下了眼泪。(Hearing this desolate story, I couldn't help but shed tears.)

Register: Formal to Semi-Formal. It is rarely used in casual slang but is common in written narratives and evocative speech.

月光洒在荒野上，景象显得格外凄凉。(The moonlight spilled over the wilderness, making the scene appear exceptionally dreary.)

Using 凄凉 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility and its specific collocative power. While primarily an adjective, it functions as the emotional core of a sentence, often modified by degree adverbs like '十分' (shífēn - extremely), '格外' (géwài - especially), or '极其' (jíqí - highly).

As a Predicate Adjective: The most common use is to describe a noun directly. Sentence structure: [Subject] + [Degree Adverb] + 凄凉. For example: '他的晚年生活很凄凉' (His life in his later years is very desolate).
Modifying a Noun: It can be used with '的' (de) to describe a specific noun. Structure: 凄凉的 + [Noun]. For example: '凄凉的月色' (desolate moonlight) or '凄凉的晚景' (miserable late years).

在这座废弃的城市里，只有凄凉的风声在回荡。(In this abandoned city, only the desolate sound of the wind echoes.)

One must be careful not to confuse it with '寂寞' (jìmò - lonely). While '寂寞' describes a temporary feeling of lacking company, '凄凉' describes a holistic state of misery and environmental coldness. You can be '寂寞' at a party, but you are '凄凉' when you have lost everything and are standing in the rain.

这种凄凉的气氛让人感到压抑。(This dreary atmosphere makes people feel depressed.)

In literary contexts, authors use '凄凉' to set the mood (氛围 - fēnwéi). It is a favorite of poets who want to contrast a character's internal sorrow with a bleak landscape. The word often pairs with winter, autumn, wind, rain, and moonlight to amplify the sensory experience of coldness.

Common Collocations: 凄凉的晚年 (miserable old age), 凄凉的景象 (desolate scene), 凄凉的心境 (dreary state of mind), 凄凉的呼喊 (mournful cry).

他的身世十分凄凉，从小就失去了父母。(His background is very tragic; he lost his parents at a young age.)

When writing, use '凄凉' to add depth to your descriptions. Instead of just saying a place is 'empty' (空 - kōng), use '凄凉' to imply that the emptiness is sad and chilling. This elevates your Chinese from basic communication to expressive storytelling.

战后的街道一片凄凉。(The streets after the war were a scene of utter desolation.)

While 凄凉 might not be the first word you use to order coffee, it is ubiquitous in the cultural and intellectual life of Chinese speakers. Understanding where it appears will help you grasp its emotional frequency.

Classical and Modern Literature: In the works of Lu Xun or Eileen Chang, '凄凉' is used to describe the crumbling social structures and the lonely individuals trapped within them. It is a staple of the 'wounded literature' (伤痕文学) movement that emerged after the Cultural Revolution.
Period Dramas and Cinema: In historical dramas (古装剧), when a consort is sent to the 'Cold Palace' (冷宫), the narrator or the characters will invariably describe the setting as '凄凉.' It signifies a fall from grace and the loss of the Emperor's favor.

电影结尾，主角独自走在雪地里，背景音乐充满了凄凉感。(At the end of the movie, the protagonist walks alone in the snow, and the background music is full of a sense of desolation.)

You will also hear this word in news reports, particularly those focusing on social issues. For instance, a report on 'left-behind' children in rural areas or elderly people living in poverty might use '凄凉' to evoke sympathy and highlight the severity of their situation. In this context, it serves as a powerful call to action for social welfare.

这首诗表达了诗人流落他乡时凄凉的心情。(This poem expresses the poet's desolate mood while wandering in a foreign land.)

In music, especially traditional Chinese opera (like Peking Opera) or melancholic C-Pop ballads, the lyrics often revolve around '凄凉.' The Erhu, a traditional two-stringed instrument, is frequently described as having a '凄凉' sound because of its ability to mimic human crying.

News and Media: '孤寡老人生活凄凉' (The lives of the elderly who live alone are desolate) is a common headline used to draw attention to the lack of social support systems.

看到那些被遗弃的小狗，我觉得它们非常凄凉。(Seeing those abandoned puppies, I feel they are very miserable.)

Finally, in everyday conversation among older generations, the word is used to express deep empathy. If a neighbor passes away without any family present, someone might remark, '走得真凄凉' (He passed away in such a desolate manner), reflecting a communal sadness over the lack of a proper, warm farewell.

二胡的声音听起来总是带着一丝凄凉。(The sound of the Erhu always seems to carry a hint of desolation.)

While 凄凉 is a powerful word, its misuse can lead to awkward phrasing or emotional 'misfires.' Here are the most common pitfalls for learners to avoid.

Confusing with 寂寞 (jìmò): Mistake: '我今天一个人在家，觉得很凄凉.' (I'm home alone today, feeling very desolate.) Correction: Use '寂寞' instead. '凄凉' is too heavy for a simple afternoon alone. It implies a life-altering tragedy or a total lack of resources and hope.
Using it for Minor Sadness: Mistake: '我丢了钱包，真凄凉.' (I lost my wallet, so desolate.) Correction: Losing a wallet is '倒霉' (dǎoméi - bad luck) or '难过' (nánguò - sad). '凄凉' requires a grander scale of loss or a deeper environmental bleakness.

Incorrect: 考试没及格，心情很凄凉。
Correct: 考试没及格，心情很沮丧。(Failing an exam makes you 'frustrated' or 'depressed,' not 'desolate.')

Another mistake is forgetting the 'cold' (凉) aspect of the word. '凄凉' is almost always associated with a lack of warmth. If you are describing a hot, crowded, but unhappy place (like a busy hospital), '凄凉' might not be the best fit. You might use '悲惨' (bēicǎn - tragic/miserable) instead.

Incorrect: 那个笑话一点也不好笑，感觉很凄凉。
Correct: 那个笑话一点也不好笑，感觉很尴尬。(A bad joke is 'awkward,' not 'desolate.')

Learners also sometimes confuse it with '荒凉' (huāngliáng). While both describe empty places, '荒凉' is more objective and refers to uncultivated or uninhabited land (like a desert). '凄凉' is subjective and emotional, implying that the emptiness is sad or evocative of loss.

Word Order and Particle Use: Ensure you use the correct particle '的' when modifying a noun. Saying '凄凉景象' is acceptable in headlines, but '凄凉的景象' is more natural in full sentences.

Incorrect: 他过着一个凄凉生活。
Correct: 他过着凄凉的生活。(Needs the 'de' particle for the adjective-noun relationship.)

In summary, treat '凄凉' as a heavy-duty emotional tool. If the situation doesn't involve profound loneliness, coldness, or a tragic sense of abandonment, opt for a milder word.

To truly master 凄凉, you must see where it sits in the landscape of similar Chinese terms. Each of these words has a different 'temperature' and 'texture.'

凄凉 vs. 荒凉 (huāngliáng): 荒凉 is primarily geographical. It describes a place that is wild, uncultivated, and lacking in people (like a desert or a wasteland). 凄凉 is more emotional. A desert is '荒凉,' but an abandoned childhood home is '凄凉' because of the memories and the sadness of its current state.
凄凉 vs. 寂寞 (jìmò): 寂寞 is a common, everyday feeling of being lonely or bored because you lack company. It's often internal. 凄凉 is a much deeper, more objective state of misery that often includes external factors like poverty, old age, or a bleak environment.
凄凉 vs. 悲惨 (bēicǎn): 悲惨 means tragic or miserable. It is 'hotter' than '凄凉'—it implies active suffering, blood, or intense pain. 凄凉 is 'colder'—it implies a quiet, hollow, and lonely kind of suffering.

虽然这里很荒凉，但并不让人感到凄凉。(Although this place is desolate/wild, it doesn't make one feel miserable/dreary.)

Other alternatives include 萧条 (xiāotiáo), which is specifically used for economic desolation (like a street with many closed shops), and 凄惨 (qīcǎn), which is a more intense version of 凄凉, often used to describe a truly wretched or heart-wrenching state.

由于经济危机，这条商业街变得非常萧条。(Due to the economic crisis, this commercial street has become very desolate/depressed.)

In poetry, you might see 凄怆 (qīchuàng), which is a very formal, literary way of saying sorrowful and desolate. It adds a layer of grief to the basic meaning of 凄凉. For a more modern, slightly more casual (but still sad) word, you could use 冷清 (lěngqīng), which simply means cold and quiet, like a restaurant with no customers.

Comparison Summary: 冷清: Low intensity, just quiet.
荒凉: Medium intensity, physical emptiness.
凄凉: High intensity, emotional and physical desolation.
凄惨: Maximum intensity, wretched misery.

晚上的公园很冷清，只有几个散步的人。(The park is very quiet at night, with only a few people walking.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Both characters in '凄凉' contain radicals related to water or coldness. '凄' has the 'water' radical (氵), and '凉' also has the 'water' radical (氵), emphasizing the 'wet cold' that is particularly bone-chilling in Southern China.

発音ガイド

UK /tɕʰiː ljaŋ/

US /tʃi liɑŋ/

In Pinyin, stress is usually equal on both syllables, but the tones (1st and 2nd) give it a melodic contour.

韻が合う語

凉 (liáng) 忙 (máng) 香 (xiāng) 光 (guāng) 强 (qiáng) 墙 (qiáng) 长 (cháng) 场 (chǎng)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'q' like 'k' (it should be 'ch-like').
Failing to aspirate the 'q' (it needs a puff of air).
Confusing the 1st tone (qī) with the 4th tone (qì).
Merging the 'ia' in 'liang' into a single 'a' sound.
Not rising enough on the 2nd tone of 'liáng'.

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in literature and news, but requires understanding of nuances.

ライティング 4/5

Needs careful placement to avoid being overly dramatic.

スピーキング 3/5

Useful for deep conversations, though not daily small talk.

リスニング 3/5

Distinct pronunciation makes it easier to catch in audio.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

冷 (lěng) 凉 (liáng) 寂寞 (jìmò) 难过 (nánguò) 地方 (dìfang)

次に学ぶ

荒凉 (huāngliáng) 萧条 (xiāotiáo) 悲惨 (bēicǎn) 孤独 (gūdú) 氛围 (fēnwéi)

上級

凄怆 (qīchuàng) 万念俱灰 (wànniàn jùhuī) 颠沛流离 (diānpèi liúlí) 孤苦无依 (gūkǔ wúyī)

知っておくべき文法

Reduplication of Adjectives (AABB)

凄凄凉凉 (qīqī-liángliáng) - to emphasize the feeling.

Adjective + 感 (gǎn)

凄凉感 (qīliánggǎn) - turns the adjective into a noun meaning 'sense of...'

Using '显得' (xiǎnde) for appearance

他的家显得很凄凉。 (His home appears very desolate.)

Using '一片' (yīpiàn) for pervasive scenes

窗外一片凄凉。 (Outside the window is a scene of utter desolation.)

Attribute with '的' (de)

凄凉的月光 (Desolate moonlight).

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レベル別の例文

这个房间很凄凉。

This room is very desolate.

Simple Subject + Adjective structure.

冬天的公园很凄凉。

The park in winter is very dreary.

Time + Subject + Adjective.

他一个人，很凄凉。

He is alone, very miserable.

Describing a person's state.

凄凉的小猫在叫。

The miserable little cat is meowing.

Using '凄凉' as an attributive adjective with '的'.

这里没有花，很凄凉。

There are no flowers here, it's very dreary.

Contrast 'no flowers' with '凄凉'.

凄凉的故事让人哭。

A desolate story makes people cry.

Describing a story.

晚上的山很凄凉。

The mountains at night are very desolate.

Describing a landscape.

他的家很凄凉。

His home is very desolate.

Possessive + Subject + Adjective.

那座古老的房子看起来很凄凉。

That old house looks very desolate.

Using '看起来' (looks like) with the adjective.

在这个凄凉的夜晚，他想家了。

On this desolate night, he missed home.

Time phrase using '在...的夜晚'.

凄凉的风吹过大地。

A desolate wind blew across the land.

Using '凄凉' to describe a natural element.

没有朋友的生活是凄凉的。

Life without friends is desolate.

Subject clause + '是...的' structure.

他听着凄凉的音乐。

He is listening to dreary music.

Verb + '的' adjective + Noun.

这个村庄现在变得很凄凉。

This village has now become very desolate.

Using '变得' (become) to show change.

他在凄凉的雨中走着。

He was walking in the dreary rain.

Prepositional phrase '在...中'.

这张照片的感觉很凄凉。

The feeling of this photo is very desolate.

Describing the 'feeling' (感觉) of an object.

失去工作后，他的处境变得十分凄凉。

After losing his job, his situation became extremely miserable.

Using '处境' (situation) as the subject.

这种凄凉的景象让他想起了战争。

This desolate scene reminded him of the war.

Subject + 让 + Object + 动词短语.

尽管他很有钱，但内心却感到很凄凉。

Although he is rich, his heart feels very desolate.

Contrastive structure '尽管...但...却'.

小说描写了一个凄凉的爱情故事。

The novel describes a desolate love story.

Verb '描写' (describe) + Object.

在凄凉的月光下，他独自喝着酒。

Under the desolate moonlight, he drank wine alone.

Setting the scene with a prepositional phrase.

听到这个消息，大家都感到一种凄凉感。

Hearing this news, everyone felt a sense of desolation.

Using '凄凉感' as a noun (sense of desolation).

这里的冬天总是显得格外凄凉。

Winter here always appears exceptionally dreary.

Using '显得' (appear/seem) and '格外' (especially).

他不想看到父母的晚年如此凄凉。

He doesn't want to see his parents' later years be so miserable.

Using '如此' (so/this much) as a modifier.

诗中充满了凄凉的基调，反映了作者的愁苦。

The poem is full of a desolate tone, reflecting the author's sorrow.

Using '充满了' (filled with) and '反映' (reflect).

随着工厂的倒闭，这个小镇变得一片凄凉。

With the closing of the factory, this town has become a scene of utter desolation.

Using '随着' (along with) and '一片凄凉' (a scene of...).

他笔下的荒原不仅荒凉，更透着一种凄凉。

The wasteland in his writing is not only desolate but also exudes a sense of misery.

Contrasting '荒凉' (physical) with '凄凉' (emotional).

那种凄凉的美感是这幅画最动人的地方。

That desolate aesthetic is the most moving part of this painting.

Using '凄凉' to describe an aesthetic (美感).

他那凄凉的呼喊声在空旷的街道上回荡。

His desolate cry echoed through the empty streets.

Using '回荡' (echo) to amplify the adjective.

这种凄凉的境遇并没有击垮他的意志。

This desolate situation did not crush his will.

Using '境遇' (circumstances) as a subject.

电影通过凄凉的冷色调营造出一种压抑感。

The movie creates a sense of oppression through desolate cold tones.

Using '通过' (through) and '营造' (create/construct).

哪怕是在繁华的都市，也会有凄凉的角落。

Even in a bustling metropolis, there are desolate corners.

Using '哪怕...也' (even if... still).

这篇文章深刻地剖析了封建社会末期文人的凄凉心态。

This article deeply analyzes the desolate mentality of intellectuals at the end of feudal society.

Using '剖析' (analyze) and '心态' (mentality).

园林荒废已久，当年的繁华早已化作今日的凄凉。

The garden has been abandoned for a long time; the prosperity of yesteryear has long since turned into today's desolation.

Contrast between '繁华' (prosperity) and '凄凉'.

他的音乐作品中常带有一种挥之不去的凄凉感。

His musical works often carry a lingering sense of desolation.

Using '挥之不去' (lingering/impossible to brush away).

在那个动荡的年代，无数家庭流离失所，景象极其凄凉。

In that turbulent era, countless families were displaced, and the scene was extremely desolate.

Using '动荡' (turbulent) and '流离失所' (displaced).

这种凄凉并非单纯的悲哀，而是一种对命运的无奈感叹。

This desolation is not simple sorrow, but a helpless sigh at fate.

Using '并非...而是' (not... but rather).

落日的余晖洒在断壁残垣上，更显出几分凄凉。

The afterglow of the setting sun spilled over the broken walls, showing a few more degrees of desolation.

Using '断壁残垣' (broken walls) and '显出几分' (show a bit of).

他以此曲表达了对故国往事的凄凉追忆。

With this piece, he expressed desolate reminiscences of his former country's past.

Using '以此...表达' and '追忆' (reminiscence).

那种凄凉的氛围，仿佛要把人的灵魂都冻结了。

That desolate atmosphere felt as if it would freeze one's very soul.

Using '仿佛' (as if) and metaphorical language.

诗人通过凄凉的意象，构建了一个充满存在主义危机的情感世界。

Through desolate imagery, the poet constructs an emotional world full of existential crisis.

Using '意象' (imagery) and '构建' (construct).

这种凄凉感源于对生命无常的深刻洞察与无力反抗。

This sense of desolation stems from a profound insight into the impermanence of life and a powerless resistance against it.

Using '源于' (stems from) and '无常' (impermanence).

在那段凄凉的岁月里，唯有书籍是他精神的慰藉。

In those desolate years, only books were his spiritual solace.

Using '唯有' (only) and '慰藉' (solace).

他的画作将宏大的历史叙事与微观的个体凄凉完美融合。

His paintings perfectly blend grand historical narratives with microscopic individual desolation.

Using '叙事' (narrative) and '融合' (blend).

这种凄凉的美学在某种程度上定义了中国古典悲剧的内核。

This desolate aesthetic, to some extent, defines the core of classical Chinese tragedy.

Using '在某种程度上' (to some extent) and '内核' (core).

当繁华落尽，剩下的只有无边的凄凉与寂静。

When the prosperity fades away, all that remains is boundless desolation and silence.

Using '繁华落尽' (prosperity fades) and '无边' (boundless).

他晚年的凄凉境遇，实则是时代悲剧的一个缩影。

His desolate situation in old age was, in fact, a microcosm of the era's tragedy.

Using '实则' (actually/in reality) and '缩影' (microcosm).

这种凄凉并不令人反感，反而有一种洗涤心灵的力量。

This desolation is not repulsive; on the contrary, it has a power to cleanse the soul.

Using '并不...反而' (not... but instead).

よく使う組み合わせ

晚景凄凉

一片凄凉

凄凉的景象

凄凉的心境

身世凄凉

凄凉的呼喊

凄凉的月色

格外凄凉

满目凄凉

凄凉的晚风

よく使うフレーズ

晚景凄凉

— Miserable late years. Used to describe an elderly person who is poor and lonely.

如果不早做打算，可能会面临晚景凄凉的局面。

处境凄凉

— A desolate situation. Describes someone facing extremely difficult and lonely circumstances.

破产后，他的处境变得十分凄凉。

凄凉寂寞

— Desolate and lonely. Often used together to emphasize both the environment and the feeling.

他一个人住在深山里，生活凄凉寂寞。

倍感凄凉

— To feel particularly desolate. Used when a specific event makes one feel even sadder.

看到老同学都成家立业，他倍感凄凉。

景象凄凉

— A dreary scene. Describes a view that evokes sadness and coldness.

冬天的荒野，景象十分凄凉。

身世凄凉

— A tragic life story/background. Usually refers to someone who lost family early.

她身世凄凉，从小就在亲戚家寄宿。

凄凉悲惨

— Desolate and tragic. A combination of cold loneliness and active suffering.

这部电影讲述了一个凄凉悲惨的故事。

凄凉之感

— A feeling of desolation. The subjective sense of dreariness.

走在空无一人的街头，我不禁产生了一种凄凉之感。

凄凉氛围

— A desolate atmosphere. Used in art and literature to describe the mood.

导演通过灯光营造出一种凄凉氛围。

凄凉结局

— A desolate ending. A conclusion to a story that is sad and lonely.

这部小说的结局非常凄凉，主角最终孤独终老。

よく混同される語

凄凉 vs 荒凉 (huāngliáng)

荒凉 describes places that are physically empty or wild, while 凄凉 adds an emotional layer of sadness and tragedy.

凄凉 vs 寂寞 (jìmò)

寂寞 is a common feeling of loneliness, while 凄凉 is a much deeper state of misery and desolation.

凄凉 vs 萧条 (xiāotiáo)

萧条 is used for economic or business contexts, whereas 凄凉 is used for emotional or general environmental contexts.

慣用句と表現

"晚景凄凉"

— Miserable and lonely old age. This is the most common four-character expression using the word.

他年轻时不努力，结果晚景凄凉。

Common/Formal

"满目凄凉"

— Everywhere one looks is desolation. Used to describe a scene of widespread ruin.

战争过后，满目凄凉，百姓生活困苦。

Literary/Formal

"凄凄凉凉"

— An AABB reduplication of 凄凉, emphasizing the lingering and pervasive nature of the desolation.

屋子里凄凄凉凉的，没有一点生气。

Literary/Descriptive

"凄风苦雨"

— Wretched wind and bitter rain. Metaphorically refers to a life of hardships and misery.

他在凄风苦雨中度过了艰难的岁月。

Literary

"凉风习习"

— While not directly '凄凉', this related phrase means a gentle cool breeze, showing the milder side of '凉'.

夏日的傍晚，凉风习习，非常舒服。

Neutral

"凄凉萧瑟"

— Desolate and bleak (like the sound of wind in autumn).

秋天的树林显得凄凉萧瑟。

Literary

"悲欢离合"

— The joys and sorrows, partings and reunions of life. Often the context in which '凄凉' occurs.

人世间的悲欢离合，总是让人感叹不已。

Formal

"形单影只"

— A single person and a single shadow. Describes extreme loneliness, often paired with '凄凉'.

他形单影只，生活过得十分凄凉。

Literary

"家徒四壁"

— A house with only four walls (extremely poor). A common cause for a '凄凉' life.

他家徒四壁，生活非常凄凉。

Formal

"孤苦伶仃"

— Solitary and miserable. Describes someone with no family or support.

那个孤苦伶仃的老人，晚景十分凄凉。

Formal

間違えやすい

凄凉 vs 凄惨 (qīcǎn)

Both start with '凄' and mean miserable.

凄惨 is even stronger and often implies physical suffering, blood, or a very wretched state. 凄凉 is 'colder' and more about loneliness and desolation.

他的死状非常凄惨 (His death was very wretched/gory) vs. 他的晚年很凄凉 (His old age was desolate/lonely).

凄凉 vs 冷清 (lěngqīng)

Both mean cold and quiet.

冷清 is a neutral description of a place without many people. 凄凉 is an emotional description that implies sadness.

今天饭馆里很冷清 (The restaurant is quiet today) vs. 晚年的他生活凄凉 (His life in old age is miserable).

凄凉 vs 悲哀 (bēi'āi)

Both describe sadness.

悲哀 is the emotion of sorrow. 凄凉 is the state of desolation that causes such sorrow.

这真是一个悲哀的消息 (This is truly sad news) vs. 战后的小镇一片凄凉 (The town after the war was desolate).

凄凉 vs 苍凉 (cāngliáng)

Both contain '凉' and describe bleakness.

苍凉 has a sense of vastness, history, and ancientness. 凄凉 is more about personal misery and immediate desolation.

古城的城墙透着一种苍凉感 (The old city walls have a sense of historical bleakness).

凄凉 vs 孤独 (gūdú)

Both relate to being alone.

孤独 is the psychological state of being alone. 凄凉 is the holistic, often external, state of misery.

天才往往是孤独的 (Geniuses are often lonely) vs. 那个乞丐的生活很凄凉 (That beggar's life is desolate).

文型パターン

[Place]很凄凉。

这里很凄凉。

[Person]的晚年生活非常凄凉。

那个老人的晚年生活非常凄凉。

一片凄凉的[Noun]。

一片凄凉的景象。

[Event]让[Person]倍感凄凉。

他的离开让我倍感凄凉。

在[Adjective]的[Time]中，显得格外凄凉。

在寒冷的冬夜中，这里显得格外凄凉。

[Subject]充满了凄凉的基调。

这部电影充满了凄凉的基调。

[Subject]并非单纯的悲哀，而是一种[Abstract Noun]的凄凉。

这种凄凉并非单纯的悲哀，而是一种对命运无奈的凄凉。

[Verb]尽了[Noun]，剩下的只有[Adjective]的凄凉。

看尽了人世间的繁华，剩下的只有无边的凄凉。

語族

名詞

凄凉感 (qīliánggǎn - sense of desolation)

形容詞

凄凉 (qīliáng - desolate)

凄惨 (qīcǎn - wretched)

凄清 (qīqīng - cold and clear/lonely)

使い方

frequency

Common in written Chinese; moderately common in serious spoken Chinese.

よくある間違い

Using '凄凉' for a simple bad mood. → Use '心情不好' or '难过'.
'凄凉' is too intense for daily frustrations.
Using '凄凉' to describe a busy but sad place. → Use '悲惨' or '压抑'.
'凄凉' requires a sense of emptiness and coldness.
Omitting '的' in '凄凉景象'. → 凄凉的景象
In most sentences, the adjective needs the particle '的' before the noun.
Confusing '凄凉' with '荒凉' in a desert context. → 荒凉的沙漠
Deserts are '荒凉' (wild/empty), not '凄凉' unless you find a sad, abandoned camp there.
Saying '他不凄凉' to mean he is happy. → 他很幸福。
The negative of '凄凉' is not a common way to express happiness.

ヒント

Pair with Nature

To make your writing more poetic, pair '凄凉' with elements like '月光' (moonlight), '秋风' (autumn wind), or '残雪' (melting snow).

Distinguish from 寂寞

Remember that '寂寞' is a feeling you can have anywhere, but '凄凉' is a situation that looks and feels bleak to everyone.

Filial Piety Context

When you hear '晚景凄凉,' it often implies the person's children are not taking care of them, which is a significant cultural point.

Degree Adverbs

Use '格外' (especially) or '倍感' (feel doubly) with '凄凉' to show strong emotion.

Aesthetic Desolation

In art, use '凄凉感' to describe a somber or melancholic mood in a painting or song.

Soft Tones

Speak the word slowly to match its somber meaning. Don't shout it!

Context Clues

If you see '凄凉,' look for words like '破旧' (dilapidated) or '独自' (alone) nearby to confirm the meaning.

Avoid Overuse

In one essay, use it once or twice for maximum impact. Too much '凄凉' makes the text feel melodramatic.

Scenery vs. Life

Use it for both! It's one of the few words that works perfectly for a broken house and a broken heart.

The 'Cold' Connection

Always associate '凉' (cool) with the word to remember it involves a lack of warmth.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a cold, wet wind (凄) blowing through a house where the tea has gone cold (凉) because everyone has left. The feeling of that empty, cold house is qīliáng.

視覚的連想

Visualize a single, leafless tree standing in a grey, foggy field with a broken swing hanging from its branch. This image perfectly captures the 'qīliáng' aesthetic.

Word Web

Cold Lonely Desolate Abandoned Winter Old Age Poetry Grey

チャレンジ

Try to write a three-sentence story about a character who finds a '凄凉' object in an attic. Use the word '凄凉' at least once.

語源

The word '凄凉' dates back to ancient Chinese texts. '凄' (qī) originally referred to a cold, biting wind, while '凉' (liáng) referred to the cool temperature of water or air. Over centuries, these physical descriptions of coldness evolved into metaphors for emotional isolation and social neglect.

元の意味： A chilly and cold atmosphere, specifically the feeling of a cold wind.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

文化的な背景

Be careful when using this to describe living people, as it can sound pitying or insulting if they don't view their own lives that way.

English speakers might translate this as 'desolate,' but 'desolate' often sounds more geographical. '凄凉' is more 'pathetic' in the original sense—full of pathos.

Li Qingzhao's poems often evoke a '凄凉' atmosphere. The 'Cold Palace' (冷宫) in Chinese history and dramas is the ultimate '凄凉' setting. Lu Xun's 'New Year's Sacrifice' describes a character's '凄凉' end.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Describing an abandoned place

废弃的工厂一片凄凉
凄凉的街道
景象凄凉
满目凄凉

Discussing old age

晚景凄凉
晚年生活凄凉
孤寡老人生活凄凉
凄凉的结局

Literary analysis

凄凉的基调
营造凄凉的氛围
凄凉的意象
表达了凄凉的心境

Reacting to a sad story

身世凄凉
听起来很凄凉
感到一阵凄凉
凄凉的爱情故事

Weather and Nature

凄凉的月色
凄凉的秋风
冬日的凄凉
凄凉的雨夜

会話のきっかけ

"你觉得哪部电影的结局最凄凉？ (Which movie do you think has the most desolate ending?)"

"在这个凄凉的冬夜，你最想念谁？ (In this dreary winter night, who do you miss the most?)"

"你见过最凄凉的景象是什么？ (What is the most desolate scene you have ever seen?)"

"为什么有些老人会面临晚景凄凉的局面？ (Why do some elderly people face a desolate situation in their later years?)"

"你认为凄凉也是一种美吗？ (Do you think desolation is also a kind of beauty?)"

日記のテーマ

描述一个你曾经去过的凄凉的地方。那里有什么？你当时是什么感觉？ (Describe a desolate place you have visited. What was there? How did you feel at the time?)

写一个关于“晚景凄凉”的短故事，探讨社会应该如何帮助这些人。 (Write a short story about 'miserable old age' and explore how society should help these people.)

对比“凄凉”和“寂寞”这两个词，写下你对它们的理解。 (Compare the words 'desolate' and 'lonely,' and write down your understanding of them.)

如果用一种颜色和一种乐器来代表“凄凉”，你会选择什么？为什么？ (If you used a color and a musical instrument to represent 'desolation,' what would you choose? Why?)

想象一下，繁华的城市突然变得凄凉，会发生什么？ (Imagine a bustling city suddenly becoming desolate; what would happen?)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but it describes their *life situation* or *circumstances* (晚年凄凉, 身世凄凉), not their personality. You wouldn't say 'He is a 凄凉 person' like you would say 'He is a happy person.'

荒凉 (huāngliáng) is for unpopulated nature or deserts (physical). 凄凉 (qīliáng) is for places that feel sad because they are empty or for miserable life situations (emotional).

It is semi-formal to formal. You will find it in literature, news, and serious discussions, but not usually in casual slang.

Almost never. However, in art and poetry, there is an 'aesthetic of desolation' (凄凉美) that people might find moving or beautiful in a somber way.

You can say '凄凉的结局' (qīliáng de jiéjú).

It's better to use '萧条' (xiāotiáo) for businesses. '凄凉' would imply the business is so empty it's tragic, which is less common in economic contexts.

It refers to someone who is old (晚景) and has a miserable, lonely, and often poor end to their life (凄凉).

No, but it is metaphorically cold. Even in summer, a '凄凉' place feels emotionally chilly.

It has the 'water' radical (氵) on the left, which relates to coldness and moisture.

Yes, it is very much alive in modern literature, movies, and news reporting.

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