菜板 30秒で
- 菜板 (cài bǎn) is the standard Chinese noun for a cutting board, used daily in almost every household for food prep.
- It is composed of 'cài' (vegetable) and 'bǎn' (board), reflecting its primary function in the kitchen.
- Common materials include wood, bamboo, and plastic, with wood being the traditional choice for heavy chopping.
- Grammatically, it usually takes the measure word '块' (kuài) and is used with the prepositional phrase '在...上'.
The term 菜板 (cài bǎn) is the most common and practical way to refer to a cutting board in modern Mandarin Chinese. Linguistically, it is a compound noun formed by two characters: 菜 (cài), which primarily means vegetables but often encompasses all types of food or dishes in a culinary context, and 板 (bǎn), which means a board, plank, or flat surface. When combined, they literally translate to 'vegetable board.' While the more formal or traditional term 砧板 (zhēn bǎn) exists, especially in professional culinary circles or southern dialects, 菜板 is the go-to word for everyday household use across mainland China. You will use this word whenever you are preparing ingredients, whether you are dicing garlic, slicing pork, or chopping scallions.
- Daily Utility
- In a Chinese household, the 菜板 is the heart of the kitchen station. Because Chinese cuisine involves extensive 'mise en place' (preparation before cooking), the cutting board sees more action than almost any other tool. It represents the starting point of every meal.
- Material Variations
- Traditionally, these were heavy rounds of wood (often ironwood), but modern 菜板 can be made of bamboo, plastic, or even tempered glass. The choice of material is often a topic of debate regarding knife sharpness and hygiene.
这个菜板是竹子做的，非常耐用。 (This cutting board is made of bamboo; it is very durable.)
Beyond the physical object, the word evokes the sounds of a busy kitchen: the rhythmic 'thwack-thwack-thwack' of a heavy cleaver hitting the wood. If you are shopping at an IKEA or a local market in China, you would ask the clerk, '请问菜板在哪里?' (Excuse me, where are the cutting boards?). It is a fundamental noun that every learner at the A2 level should master because it bridges the gap between basic food vocabulary and actual kitchen activities. Understanding this word also helps you understand related verbs like 切 (qiē - to cut), 剁 (duò - to chop/mince), and 洗 (xǐ - to wash), as these actions are almost always performed in relation to the board.
切完肉以后，别忘了洗菜板。 (After cutting the meat, don't forget to wash the cutting board.)
- Etymology Note
- The character 板 originally referred to a wooden plank used in construction or for writing. Its evolution into the kitchen reflects the shift from specialized professional tools to standardized household items.
Using 菜板 in a sentence is straightforward, but mastering the surrounding verbs and prepositions will make your Chinese sound much more natural. Most often, 菜板 acts as the location where an action happens, requiring the preposition 在...上 (zài... shàng). For example, 'I am cutting vegetables on the cutting board' is 我在菜板上切菜. Notice how the 'on' (上) comes after the noun. This is a standard Chinese spatial structure that learners often find tricky at first.
把肉放在菜板上，然后切成小块。 (Put the meat on the cutting board, then cut it into small pieces.)
Another common way to use the word is as the direct object of a verb, especially verbs related to cleaning or maintenance. Since 菜板 are prone to bacteria, you will often hear instructions about cleaning them. You might say 擦菜板 (cā cài bǎn) to wipe the board or 消毒菜板 (xiāo dú cài bǎn) to disinfect it. In a household setting, a parent might tell a child, '把菜板拿过来' (Bring the cutting board over). Here, 菜板 is the object of the 'Ba-sentence' construction, which is a key grammar point for A2/B1 learners.
- Verb-Object Pairs
- Common pairings include: 买菜板 (buy a board), 用菜板 (use a board), 洗菜板 (wash a board), and 换菜板 (replace/change a board).
When describing the 菜板, you can use adjectives like 厚的 (hòu de - thick), 薄的 (báo de - thin), 木头的 (mù tou de - wooden), or 塑料的 (sù liào de - plastic). For instance, '这块菜板太薄了，不好用' (This cutting board is too thin; it's not good to use). This allows you to express preferences and give feedback on kitchen equipment. In more advanced contexts, you might describe a board as being 发霉了 (fā méi le - moldy), which is a common issue with wooden boards in humid climates, leading to the sentence: '菜板发霉了，得扔掉' (The cutting board is moldy; it must be thrown away).
新的菜板需要先用盐水泡一下吗？ (Does the new cutting board need to be soaked in salt water first?)
You will encounter the word 菜板 in several distinct environments. The most obvious is the domestic kitchen. If you are living with a Chinese host family or visiting friends, you'll hear it during meal prep. '菜板在哪儿？' is a classic question from a guest offering to help in the kitchen. In this context, the word is casual and domestic. However, its reach extends far beyond the home into commercial and media spaces.
- Supermarkets and Markets
- In the 'Household Goods' (家居用品) section of a supermarket like Carrefour or Walmart in China, signs will clearly label the aisle for 菜板. You might also hear a salesperson promoting a '抗菌菜板' (antibacterial cutting board), a popular marketing term in modern China.
- Cooking Shows and Vlogs
- On platforms like Bilibili or Douyin (TikTok), cooking influencers frequently mention their equipment. They might say, '我们先在菜板上铺一层保鲜膜' (Let's first spread a layer of plastic wrap on the cutting board). Hearing the word in these high-speed, natural contexts helps with listening comprehension.
In professional restaurant kitchens, you might hear the more technical term 砧板 (zhēn bǎn), but 菜板 remains understood. Interestingly, the term also appears in metaphorical or figurative speech. While not as common as other household objects, the idea of being 'on the cutting board' (like a fish) exists in Chinese as 人为刀俎，我为鱼肉 (rén wéi dāo zǔ, wǒ wéi yú ròu), where 俎 (zǔ) is an ancient word for a cutting board. While 菜板 isn't used in that specific idiom, the concept of the board as a place of vulnerability is culturally present.
电视上的厨师正在展示如何保养木质菜板。 (The chef on TV is demonstrating how to maintain a wooden cutting board.)
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 菜板 is choosing the wrong measure word. In English, we just say 'a cutting board.' In Chinese, learners often default to the generic 个 (gè). While 一个菜板 is acceptable and understood, using 一块菜板 (yí kuài cài bǎn) sounds much more native. The measure word 块 is specifically for flat, relatively thick pieces of material, which perfectly describes a board.
- Word Confusion: 菜板 vs. 案板
- Learners often confuse 菜板 with 案板 (àn bǎn). While they are similar, 案板 usually refers to a larger, often fixed counter-top or a very large wooden board used specifically for kneading dough or making noodles. If you are just chopping onions, stick with 菜板.
Another common error involves the prepositional structure. English speakers tend to say 'Cut the meat on the cutting board' and translate it literally as 切肉在菜板. This is grammatically incorrect in Chinese. The location must come before the verb: 在菜板上切肉 (zài cài bǎn shàng qiē ròu). Forgetting the 上 (shàng) after 菜板 is also a common slip-up. In Chinese, you don't just cut 'at' the board; you cut 'on the surface of' the board.
Incorrect: 我在菜板切菜。 (Missing 'shàng')
Correct: 我在菜板上切菜。
Finally, hygiene-related vocabulary can be tricky. Learners might say 洗干净菜板 (wash clean the board), which is fine, but they often struggle with more specific terms like 异味 (yì wèi - strange smell/odor). If your board smells like garlic, you would say '菜板上有异味' (There is an odor on the cutting board). Understanding these nuances helps you communicate more effectively about kitchen maintenance, which is a big part of daily life.
While 菜板 is the most versatile term, several other words share its semantic space. Understanding the differences between them will elevate your Chinese from 'functional' to 'nuanced.' The most common alternative is 砧板 (zhēn bǎn). While '菜板' is the colloquial term used by the average person in North China, '砧板' is the formal, written, and often Southern Chinese term. In Hong Kong or Taiwan, you are much more likely to see 砧板 on signs and in speech.
- 菜板 (cài bǎn) vs. 砧板 (zhēn bǎn)
- 菜板: Casual, common in Mainland China, literally 'vegetable board.'
砧板: Formal, professional, common in the South/HK/Taiwan, literally 'anvil board' (referring to its role as a base for striking). - 菜板 vs. 案板 (àn bǎn)
- 案板: Often refers to a large, rectangular board used for heavy-duty tasks like kneading dough (面案) or large-scale butchery. It implies a larger surface area than a standard 菜板.
In some regions, you might even hear 切菜板 (qiē cài bǎn), which adds the verb 切 (cut) to make it even more explicit: 'the board for cutting vegetables.' This is redundant but very clear. For learners, sticking to 菜板 is the safest bet for being understood everywhere. If you want to sound more like a professional chef, start using 砧板. If you are talking about baking or making dumplings, 案板 is the appropriate choice.
北方人常说“菜板”，南方人有时说“砧板”。 (Northerners often say 'cài bǎn', while Southerners sometimes say 'zhēn bǎn'.)
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
In ancient China, cutting boards were often called '俎' (zǔ), a term now found only in formal idioms or historical texts. The change to '菜板' reflects the democratization of kitchen tools.
発音ガイド
- Saying 'cai' with a flat tone instead of a falling tone.
- Pronouncing 'ban' like the English word 'ban' with a flat tone instead of the dipping 3rd tone.
- Confusing the 'c' sound with a 'ch' sound.
- Forgetting the tone sandhi if another 3rd tone follows 'bǎn'.
- Using a breathy 'b' instead of a crisp unaspirated 'b' in 'bǎn'.
難易度
Characters are relatively common, but '板' has many strokes.
Writing '菜' and '板' requires attention to stroke order and radicals.
Easy to pronounce if tones are mastered.
Very distinct sound, usually clear in context.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Measure Word '块' (kuài)
我买了一块菜板。 (I bought a cutting board.)
Prepositional Phrase '在...上' (zài... shàng)
他在菜板上切菜。 (He cuts vegetables on the board.)
Resultative Complement '干净' (gānjìng)
把菜板洗干净。 (Wash the board clean.)
Ba-sentence (把字句)
请把菜板递给我。 (Please hand me the cutting board.)
Material attribution with '的' (de)
这是塑料的菜板。 (This is a plastic board.)
レベル別の例文
这是我的菜板。
This is my cutting board.
Simple 'Subject + be + Object' structure.
菜板在厨房里。
The cutting board is in the kitchen.
Using '在...里' for location.
我有一个菜板。
I have a cutting board.
Basic 'Subject + have + Object' with measure word '个'.
菜板不贵。
The cutting board is not expensive.
Adjective predicate with '不'.
你要菜板吗？
Do you want a cutting board?
Simple question with '吗'.
这是木头菜板。
This is a wooden cutting board.
Noun acting as an adjective (木头).
我买两块菜板。
I am buying two cutting boards.
Using the specific measure word '块'.
请洗一下菜板。
Please wash the cutting board.
Polite imperative with '请' and '一下'.
他在菜板上切苹果。
He is cutting an apple on the cutting board.
Structure: 在 + Noun + 上 + Verb.
这块菜板很大。
This cutting board is very big.
Demonstrative '这' + measure word '块'.
不要在桌子上切菜，用菜板。
Don't cut vegetables on the table; use the cutting board.
Negative imperative '不要'.
妈妈正在洗菜板。
Mom is washing the cutting board.
Continuous aspect with '正在'.
我想买一块竹子的菜板。
I want to buy a bamboo cutting board.
Using '的' to show material.
菜板上有水。
There is water on the cutting board.
Existence sentence with '有'.
把菜板放进柜子里。
Put the cutting board into the cabinet.
Ba-sentence showing displacement.
这个菜板很好用。
This cutting board is very useful/easy to use.
Common adjective '好用'.
为了卫生，我们应该准备两块菜板。
For hygiene, we should prepare two cutting boards.
Purpose clause with '为了'.
这块菜板已经用了五年了。
This cutting board has been used for five years already.
Duration of state with '了...了'.
切完肉后，必须把菜板刷干净。
After cutting meat, you must scrub the cutting board clean.
Resultative complement '干净'.
塑料菜板比木头菜板更容易清洗。
Plastic cutting boards are easier to clean than wooden ones.
Comparison structure with '比'.
我的菜板有点发霉了，得换个新的。
My cutting board is a bit moldy; I need to change it.
Adverb '有点' indicating dissatisfaction.
你会用盐和柠檬清洁菜板吗？
Do you know how to clean a cutting board with salt and lemon?
Using '用' as 'with/by means of'.
这块菜板的质量非常好，不容易裂。
The quality of this cutting board is very good; it doesn't crack easily.
Potential for change with '容易'.
请把菜板上的菜末扫进锅里。
Please sweep the vegetable scraps on the board into the pot.
Complex Ba-sentence with directional result.
这种高密度的塑料菜板不会吸水。
This kind of high-density plastic cutting board won't absorb water.
Descriptive compound '高密度'.
木质菜板需要定期涂抹矿物油进行保养。
Wooden cutting boards need to be regularly coated with mineral oil for maintenance.
Formal verb '进行' + '保养'.
选购菜板时，要注意材质是否环保。
When selecting a cutting board, pay attention to whether the material is eco-friendly.
Time clause with '...时' and '是否' question.
由于长期受潮，这块菜板已经变形了。
Due to long-term dampness, this cutting board has already warped.
Cause and effect with '由于'.
在餐厅里，不同颜色的菜板代表不同的用途。
In restaurants, different colored cutting boards represent different uses.
Abstract representation with '代表'.
这款菜板自带磨刀功能，非常方便。
This cutting board comes with a built-in sharpener; it's very convenient.
Compound verb '自带'.
为了防止菜板滑动，可以在下面垫一块湿毛巾。
To prevent the cutting board from sliding, you can place a wet towel underneath.
Preventative clause with '防止'.
不锈钢菜板虽然卫生，但容易损伤刀刃。
Although stainless steel cutting boards are hygienic, they easily damage the knife edge.
Concession with '虽然...但'.
这款手工雕刻的铁木菜板堪称厨房里的艺术品。
This hand-carved ironwood cutting board can be called a piece of art in the kitchen.
High-level idiom '堪称'.
由于菜板表面布满了细微的划痕，极易藏污纳垢。
Because the surface of the cutting board is covered with tiny scratches, it easily harbors dirt and grime.
Idiom '藏污纳垢'.
在某些传统菜肴的制作中，菜板的厚度会影响剁肉的效果。
In the preparation of certain traditional dishes, the thickness of the cutting board affects the results of mincing meat.
Abstract noun '效果' as a result.
这种新型合成材料菜板兼具了木头的弹性和塑料的耐用性。
This new type of synthetic material cutting board combines the elasticity of wood and the durability of plastic.
Formal conjunction '兼具'.
厨师对菜板的依赖程度往往超乎常人的想象。
A chef's degree of dependence on their cutting board often exceeds common imagination.
Complex subject phrase.
长期忽略菜板的消毒可能会引发严重的食品安全问题。
Long-term neglect of cutting board disinfection might trigger serious food safety issues.
Formal verb '引发'.
这款菜板通过了国际食品级认证，安全无毒。
This cutting board has passed international food-grade certification and is safe and non-toxic.
Technical term '食品级认证'.
即便是一块普通的菜板，在热爱生活的人手中也能焕发生机。
Even an ordinary cutting board can radiate vitality in the hands of someone who loves life.
Concessive '即便...也'.
纵观中国饮食文化史，菜板的演变折射出烹饪技艺的不断精进。
Throughout the history of Chinese food culture, the evolution of the cutting board reflects the continuous refinement of culinary skills.
Literary verb '折射'.
其菜板之上，刀工之细腻，足以窥见其数十年的厨艺功底。
Upon that cutting board, the delicacy of the knife work is enough to catch a glimpse of decades of culinary foundation.
Classical phrasing '足以窥见'.
这种珍稀木材制成的菜板，其纹理之美犹如泼墨山水。
The beauty of the grain on this cutting board made of rare wood is like a splash-ink landscape painting.
Simile comparing kitchenware to high art.
在快节奏的现代生活中，亲手在菜板上切菜成了一种解压的仪式。
In the fast-paced modern life, cutting vegetables by hand on a cutting board has become a ritual for stress relief.
Abstract concept '仪式' (ritual).
菜板的材质选择不仅关乎口感，更关乎对自然资源的敬畏与利用。
The choice of material for a cutting board is not only about texture but also about the reverence and utilization of natural resources.
Philosophical '不仅...更' structure.
老字号的厨具店里，每一块待售的菜板都承载着匠人的心血。
In the time-honored kitchenware shop, every cutting board for sale carries the craftsman's painstaking efforts.
Idiom '匠心' implied.
他站在菜板前，仿佛一位指挥家，正在谱写一曲美味的乐章。
Standing before the cutting board, he was like a conductor, composing a delicious movement.
Extended metaphor.
对于一位真正的美食家而言，菜板的磨损痕迹是时光赐予厨房的勋章。
For a true gourmet, the wear marks on a cutting board are medals bestowed upon the kitchen by time.
Personification of time.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Refers to the practice of having separate boards for raw and cooked food.
家里最好准备生熟菜板。
— The unpleasant smell that can linger on a board.
如何去除菜板异味？
— A cutting board made of bamboo.
竹菜板不容易起屑。
— A solid wood cutting board.
实木菜板手感很好。
— A rack used to hold cutting boards for drying.
把菜板放在菜板架上。
— A stainless steel cutting board.
不锈钢菜板容易清理。
— The process of disinfecting the cutting board.
每周都要进行菜板消毒。
— A folding cutting board, often used for camping.
折叠菜板很省空间。
— Color-coded boards for different types of food.
厨房里用了分类菜板。
— An old, well-used cutting board.
这块老菜板很有感情。
慣用句と表現
— To be at the mercy of others (literally: others are the knife and board, I am the fish meat).
在那种情况下，我们真是人为刀俎，我为鱼肉。
Literary/Formal— Not fit for a formal occasion (literally: cannot be put on the table/board).
他的这种小聪明上不得台面。
Colloquial— A done deal; set in stone (though 'board' here is general, it fits the 'board' theme).
这件事已经板上钉钉了。
Common— To slash or cut vigorously (evoking the action on a board).
他在市场上大砍大杀。
Metaphorical— To allow oneself to be slaughtered (like meat on a board).
我们不能坐以待毙，任人宰割。
Formal— Like a fish in water (the opposite of being on a board).
他在新工作中如鱼得水。
Common— To cut the Gordian knot (a quick action often done on a board surface).
我们要快刀斩乱麻，解决问题。
Common— Careful calculation (like fine chopping on a board).
过日子要精打细算。
Common— Slipshod work (like a poorly made board).
这些产品全是粗制滥造。
Formal— Following a prescribed pattern (referring to musical beats, but uses the character 板).
他说话一板一眼的。
Common語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a giant piece of **C**elery and a **A**pple on a **I**ron **B**oard **A**nd **N**et. (Cài Bǎn).
視覚的連想
Visualize a bright green vegetable (菜) lying on a flat wooden board (板). The character 菜 has the grass radical on top, which looks like little sprouts.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Go to your kitchen, touch your cutting board, and say '这是我的菜板' three times out loud.
語源
The term 菜板 is a modern compound. 菜 (cài) originally meant 'edible herbs' or 'vegetables.' 板 (bǎn) originally referred to wooden planks used in construction or for writing tablets. Together, they describe the specific function of the plank in a culinary context.
元の意味： A wooden plank for preparing vegetables.
Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese)文化的な背景
No specific sensitivities, but always emphasize hygiene when discussing kitchen tools.
In the West, 'chopping board' or 'cutting board' are used interchangeably. Chinese '菜板' is almost always translated as 'cutting board.'
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Cooking at home
- 把菜板拿来
- 在菜板上切
- 洗洗菜板
- 菜板太小了
Shopping for kitchenware
- 我想买菜板
- 这个菜板多少钱
- 有木头的吗
- 这块太重了
Kitchen cleaning
- 菜板脏了
- 擦干菜板
- 给菜板消毒
- 菜板发霉了
Restaurant setting
- 清理砧板
- 更换菜板
- 生熟分开
- 检查菜板
Cooking class
- 放在菜板中央
- 注意切菜姿势
- 保持菜板整洁
- 使用竹菜板
会話のきっかけ
"你家里的菜板是木头的还是塑料的？ (Is your cutting board at home wooden or plastic?)"
"你觉得竹子做的菜板好用吗？ (Do you think bamboo cutting boards are good to use?)"
"你通常怎么清洗家里的菜板？ (How do you usually clean the cutting board at home?)"
"你切肉和切菜是用同一块菜板吗？ (Do you use the same board for meat and vegetables?)"
"你的菜板用了多久了？该换了吗？ (How long have you used your board? Is it time to change it?)"
日記のテーマ
描述一下你厨房里的菜板是什么样子的。 (Describe what the cutting board in your kitchen looks like.)
写一段话，介绍如何正确地保养一块木头菜板。 (Write a paragraph introducing how to properly maintain a wooden cutting board.)
你认为在做饭时，一个好的菜板重要吗？为什么？ (Do you think a good cutting board is important when cooking? Why?)
记录一次你因为没用菜板而遇到的麻烦。 (Record a time you had trouble because you didn't use a cutting board.)
想象你是一个菜板，写写你每天在厨房里的生活。 (Imagine you are a cutting board; write about your daily life in the kitchen.)
Summary
The word 菜板 is an essential A2-level noun for anyone learning Chinese. It is used to describe the surface on which you cut food. Example: 请在菜板上切西红柿 (Please cut the tomatoes on the cutting board).
- 菜板 (cài bǎn) is the standard Chinese noun for a cutting board, used daily in almost every household for food prep.
- It is composed of 'cài' (vegetable) and 'bǎn' (board), reflecting its primary function in the kitchen.
- Common materials include wood, bamboo, and plastic, with wood being the traditional choice for heavy chopping.
- Grammatically, it usually takes the measure word '块' (kuài) and is used with the prepositional phrase '在...上'.
関連コンテンツ
homeの関連語
经济实惠
B1Economical and affordable; good value for money.
空调
A1エアコン (空调) は、夏の暑い時期に欠かせない家電です。
冷气
A2冷たい空気、エアコン。部屋を涼しくするために使われます。
过道
A2「过道」は、建物の中の廊下や通路を指します。
闹钟
A2目覚まし時計は、特定の時間に音を鳴らすように設定できる時計です。
整天
A2一日中。彼は一日中ゲームをしてばかりいる。
独自
A2独自に；一人で。「彼は一人で旅行することに決めた。」
早就
A2私はずっと前から知っていました。(我早就知道了。)
已经到了
A2もう到着しました。
总是这样
A2いつもこうだ。彼はいつもこうだ。
