A2 Verb Tenses 1 min read かんたん

Past Tense of Intransitive Verbs

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

For intransitive verbs in the past, the verb agrees with the subject's gender and number, not the object.

  • Identify the subject's gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural).
  • Add the suffix -yo (m.sg), -yi (f.sg), -ya (m.pl), or -yi (f.pl) to the verb root.
  • Remember: No 'ne' postposition is used with intransitive verbs in the past tense.
Subject + Verb Root + Suffix (-yo/-yi/-ya/-yi)

Intransitive Past Tense Suffixes

Gender/Number Suffix Example (Root: Aav)
Masculine Singular
-yo
Aavyo
Feminine Singular
-yi
Aavi
Masculine Plural
-ya
Aavya
Feminine Plural
-yi
Aavi

Meanings

The past tense of intransitive verbs describes actions that do not take a direct object, where the verb form changes to agree with the subject.

1

Simple Past

Actions completed in the past without an object.

“તે આવ્યો. (He came.)”

“તેણી ગઈ. (She went.)”

Reference Table

Reference table for Past Tense of Intransitive Verbs
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subj + Root + Suffix
તે આવ્યો (He came)
Negative
Subj + na + Root + Suffix
તે ન આવ્યો (He did not come)
Interrogative
Su + Subj + Root + Suffix?
શું તે આવ્યો? (Did he come?)
Plural
Subj + Root + ya
તેઓ આવ્યા (They came)

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
તેઓ કાર્યાલય ગયા.

તેઓ કાર્યાલય ગયા. (Professional/Casual)

ニュートラル
તે ઓફિસ ગયો.

તે ઓફિસ ગયો. (Professional/Casual)

カジュアル
તે ઓફિસ ગયો.

તે ઓફિસ ગયો. (Professional/Casual)

スラング
તે ઓફિસ નીકળી ગયો.

તે ઓફિસ નીકળી ગયો. (Professional/Casual)

Intransitive Verb Flow

Intransitive Past

Masculine

  • gayo went

Feminine

  • gayi went

レベル別の例文

1

હું ગયો.

I went.

2

તે આવી.

She came.

3

બાળકો દોડ્યા.

Children ran.

4

તેઓ ગયા.

They went.

1

શું તમે આવ્યા?

Did you come?

2

તેણી ઘરે ન ગઈ.

She did not go home.

3

અમે મોડા આવ્યા.

We came late.

4

પક્ષી ઉડ્યું.

The bird flew.

1

તેઓ સમયસર પહોંચ્યા.

They arrived on time.

2

શું તે બજારમાં ખોવાઈ ગઈ?

Did she get lost in the market?

3

તેઓ ખૂબ ખુશ થયા.

They became very happy.

4

વરસાદ પડ્યો.

The rain fell.

1

ઘટના સ્થળે પોલીસ આવી.

The police arrived at the scene.

2

તેઓ આ નિર્ણયથી સહમત થયા.

They agreed with this decision.

3

પરિસ્થિતિ બદલાઈ ગઈ.

The situation changed.

4

તેઓ શાંતિથી બેઠા.

They sat peacefully.

1

તેઓ અચાનક ગાયબ થઈ ગયા.

They suddenly disappeared.

2

આ પ્રશ્નનો ઉકેલ આવી ગયો.

The solution to this problem arrived.

3

તેણીની કાર રસ્તામાં અટકી ગઈ.

Her car got stuck on the road.

4

તેઓ આ પ્રોજેક્ટમાં સામેલ થયા.

They joined this project.

1

તેઓ વર્ષો પહેલા અહીં સ્થાયી થયા હતા.

They settled here years ago.

2

તેની વાત સાંભળીને તેઓ સ્તબ્ધ થઈ ગયા.

Hearing his words, they were stunned.

3

આ પરિવર્તન અનિવાર્ય બની ગયું.

This change became inevitable.

4

તેઓ ક્યારેય પાછા ન ફર્યા.

They never returned.

間違えやすい

Past Tense of Intransitive Verbs Transitive vs Intransitive

Learners mix up the 'ne' marker usage.

Past Tense of Intransitive Verbs Simple Past vs Present Perfect

Learners add 'che' to everything.

Past Tense of Intransitive Verbs Gender Agreement

Mixing up masculine and feminine endings.

よくある間違い

તેણે ગયો

તે ગયો

Added 'ne' to an intransitive verb.

તે ગાયા

તે ગયો

Wrong gender/number agreement.

તે ગયું

તે ગયો

Using neutral instead of masculine.

તે ગયો છે

તે ગયો

Adding 'che' (is) to simple past.

તેણીઓ ગયા

તેણીઓ ગઈ

Plural masculine instead of feminine.

તેણે આવ્યું

તે આવ્યો

Using 'ne' with 'aavvu'.

હું આવી

હું આવ્યો (if male)

Gender mismatch.

તેઓ દોડ્યા હતા

તેઓ દોડ્યા

Unnecessary auxiliary.

તેણે દોડ્યું

તે દોડ્યો

Ergative error.

તેઓ ગઈ

તેઓ ગયા

Singular instead of plural.

તેઓ અચાનક ગાયબ થયા હતા

તેઓ અચાનક ગાયબ થયા

Redundant past marker.

તેણે આ નિર્ણય લીધો

તેણે આ નિર્ણય લીધો (Wait, this is transitive!)

Confusing transitive/intransitive.

તેણીઓ આવી ગઈ હતી

તેણીઓ આવી

Over-complicating simple past.

文型パターン

હું ___ ગયો.

તે ___ આવ્યો.

તેઓ ___ પહોંચ્યા.

પરિસ્થિતિ ___ ગઈ.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

હું ઘરે પહોંચી ગયો.

Social Media very common

આજે મજા આવી!

Job Interview common

હું આ પ્રોજેક્ટમાં સામેલ થયો.

Travel common

અમે સમયસર પહોંચ્યા.

Food Delivery occasional

ઓર્ડર આવી ગયો.

News common

પોલીસ ઘટના સ્થળે આવી.

💡

Check the subject

Always identify the subject's gender and number before choosing the suffix.
⚠️

No 'ne'!

Intransitive verbs never take the 'ne' marker. If you see 'ne', you are likely dealing with a transitive verb.
🎯

Practice with movement

Start by practicing with movement verbs like 'to go' and 'to come' as they are the most common.
💬

Respectful plural

Use plural endings for elders even if they are singular.

Smart Tips

Check if it has an object. If not, it's intransitive—no 'ne'!

તેણે ગયો. તે ગયો.

Look at the subject. If it's a person, use their gender. If it's an object, use its grammatical gender.

પક્ષી ગયો. પક્ષી ગયું.

Always check if the group is all-male or mixed (masculine plural) or all-female (feminine plural).

તેણીઓ ગયા. તેણીઓ ગઈ.

Use the plural form for respect, even for a single person.

દાદા આવ્યો. દાદા આવ્યા.

発音

aav-YO

Suffix stress

The stress usually falls on the final syllable of the verb root.

Declarative

તે આવ્યો. ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Intransitive is 'I' for 'Independent'—it doesn't need the 'ne' marker!

視覚的連想

Imagine a person walking alone (intransitive). They don't carry any baggage (objects), so they are light and free (no 'ne' marker).

Rhyme

Subject leads the way, no 'ne' to say, just add -yo or -yi to end the day.

Story

Ramesh went to the park. He saw a bird. He sat on a bench. He felt happy. All these verbs (went, sat, felt) are intransitive and follow the subject.

Word Web

જવું (to go)આવવું (to come)દોડવું (to run)બેસવું (to sit)પડવું (to fall)થવું (to become)

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences about your morning routine using only intransitive verbs.

文化メモ

In formal settings, honorific plural is often used for elders even if they are singular.

Derived from Sanskrit roots, the Gujarati past tense evolved to simplify the complex Sanskrit system.

会話のきっかけ

તમે ગઈકાલે ક્યાં ગયા હતા?

શું તે આજે આવ્યો?

તમારા મિત્રો ક્યારે પહોંચ્યા?

શું આ પરિવર્તન અનિવાર્ય હતું?

日記のテーマ

Describe your trip to the market.
Write about a time you were late.
Describe a change in your life.
Reflect on a historical event.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解


Incorrect

正解


Incorrect

正解


Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct suffix.

તે ઘરે ___ (go).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ગયો
Masculine singular subject.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: તે આવ્યો
No 'ne' marker for intransitive.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

તેણીઓ ગયા.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: તેણીઓ ગઈ
Feminine plural agreement.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

તે આવ્યો.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: તે ન આવ્યો
Simple negative.
Match the subject to the verb. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: (A) ગયો (B) ગઈ (C) ગયા
Correct gender/number matching.
Conjugate 'to come' for feminine plural. Conjugation Drill

તેણીઓ ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: આવી
Feminine plural suffix.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Order: (A) ઘરે (B) તે (C) આવ્યો

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: (B) (A) (C)
Subject-Object-Verb order.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Intransitive verbs use the 'ne' marker.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Intransitive verbs never use 'ne'.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the correct suffix.

તે ઘરે ___ (go).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ગયો
Masculine singular subject.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: તે આવ્યો
No 'ne' marker for intransitive.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

તેણીઓ ગયા.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: તેણીઓ ગઈ
Feminine plural agreement.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

તે આવ્યો.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: તે ન આવ્યો
Simple negative.
Match the subject to the verb. Match Pairs

Match: (A) તે (B) તેણી (C) તેઓ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: (A) ગયો (B) ગઈ (C) ગયા
Correct gender/number matching.
Conjugate 'to come' for feminine plural. Conjugation Drill

તેણીઓ ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: આવી
Feminine plural suffix.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Order: (A) ઘરે (B) તે (C) આવ્યો

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: (B) (A) (C)
Subject-Object-Verb order.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Intransitive verbs use the 'ne' marker.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Intransitive verbs never use 'ne'.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

A verb that does not take a direct object, like 'to go' or 'to come'.

'Ne' is only for transitive verbs. Intransitive verbs agree with the subject.

If it doesn't make sense to ask 'what' or 'whom' after the verb, it's likely intransitive.

Use the plural suffix (-ya for masculine, -yi for feminine).

Yes, it is standard in all registers.

No, it's just spelling variation for the feminine suffix.

'Thavu' is intransitive and follows these rules.

Very few, most follow the standard suffix pattern.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Pretérito indefinido

Gujarati is gender-based; Spanish is person-based.

French partial

Passé composé

Gujarati doesn't use auxiliary verbs for simple past.

German moderate

Präteritum

Gujarati is more regular.

Japanese low

Ta-form

Japanese is gender-neutral.

Arabic moderate

Past tense (Madi)

Arabic conjugates for person, gender, and number.

Chinese none

Le particle

Chinese is non-inflecting.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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