Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The -sa/-se suffix turns any verb into an 'if' clause, helping you express conditions and possibilities.
- Add -sa/-se to the verb stem based on vowel harmony: 'bar-sa' (if he goes).
- Use -masa/-mese for negative conditions: 'bar-masa' (if he does not go).
- Add personal endings after the suffix to specify the subject: 'bar-sa-m' (if I go).
Meanings
The conditional suffix is used to express a condition that must be met for an action to occur or a state to exist.
Real Condition
Expressing a likely or possible condition.
“Oqysa, emtihannan ótedi.”
“Kelse, aytamyz.”
Conditional Conjugation (Verb: Bar-)
| Person | Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Sg | Barsam | Barmasam |
| 2nd Sg | Barsañ | Barmasañ |
| 3rd Sg | Barsa | Barmasa |
| 1st Pl | Barsaq | Barmasaq |
| 2nd Pl | Barsañyz | Barmasañyz |
| 3rd Pl | Barsa | Barmasa |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Stem + sa/se | Kelse |
| Negative | Stem + ma/me + sa/se | Kelmese |
| 1st Person | Stem + sa/se + m | Kelse-m |
| 2nd Person | Stem + sa/se + ñ | Kelse-ñ |
| 3rd Person | Stem + sa/se | Kelse |
| Plural | Stem + sa/se + q | Kelse-q |
フォーマル度スペクトル
Eger kelseñiz, sóylesemiz. (Meeting invitation)
Kelseñ, sóylesemiz. (Meeting invitation)
Kelseñ, sóylesemiz! (Meeting invitation)
Kelseñ, gipet etemiz. (Meeting invitation)
Conditional Logic
Action
- Bar-sa If he goes
レベル別の例文
Barsañ, men baramyn.
If you go, I will go.
Eger kelse, ayt.
If he comes, tell me.
Jumys iste-mese, aqsha bolmaydy.
If he doesn't work, there will be no money.
Eger men bilet alsa-m, erteñ ushamyn.
If I buy a ticket, I will fly tomorrow.
Olar kelse, biz olarğa kómekteser edik.
If they came, we would help them.
Jasa-masa, ózi biledi.
If he doesn't do it, it's his business.
Eger ol aytpasa, biz bilmes edik.
If he hadn't said it, we wouldn't have known.
間違えやすい
Learners mix up time and condition.
よくある間違い
Bar-se
Bar-sa
Bar-sa-ma
Bar-ma-sa
Eger bar-sa, men bar-dy.
Eger bar-sa, men bar-amyn.
Olar kelse-di.
Olar kelse.
文型パターン
Eger ___ bolsañ, ___.
Real World Usage
Kelseñ, ayt.
Vowel Harmony
Smart Tips
Always place the condition first.
発音
Vowel Harmony
Ensure the suffix matches the stem's vowel.
Rising-Falling
Eger bar-sa / (pause) biz bar-amyz.
Indicates a conditional clause.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'SA' as 'Situation Always'—if the situation happens, the result follows.
視覚的連想
Imagine a bridge (the suffix) connecting two islands (the condition and the result).
Rhyme
If you want to say 'if', just add 'sa', it's not a cliff!
Story
A boy named 'Bar' wants to go to the park. He adds a 'sa' to his name to make a deal. 'If I go (Barsam), I will play.'
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 sentences using 'Eger' and the -sa suffix in 5 minutes.
文化メモ
Conditional sentences are often used in hospitality.
Turkic conditional suffix.
会話のきっかけ
Eger bos bolsañ, ne isteysiñ?
日記のテーマ
Test Yourself
Eger ol ___ (kel), biz ketemiz.
Score: /1
練習問題
1 exercisesEger ol ___ (kel), biz ketemiz.
Score: /1
よくある質問 (1)
Yes, it is universal.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si + present indicative
Kazakh uses a suffix, Spanish uses a word.
Si + present
Kazakh is agglutinative.
Wenn
Suffix vs conjunction.
-ba
Kazakh is more strictly agglutinative.
Idha
Word order differences.
Ruguo
No conjugation in Chinese.
