このページをあなたの言語で

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B2 adjective 8分で読める

淡薄

dànbó

練習する例文メモとヒント淡薄 30秒で

解説淡薄 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '淡薄' (dànbó) yet. It is a more advanced word. However, you can think of it as the opposite of 'strong' or 'thick'. Just like you learn 'big' and 'small', '淡薄' is for things that are 'not much' or 'not strong', but specifically for things like mist or feelings. If you see it, just remember it means 'thin' or 'weak' in a way that is hard to see or feel. For example, if you say 'the mist is thin', you might see this word. It's better to stick to simple words like '不强' (not strong) or '少' (little) for now.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the A2 level, you might start seeing '淡薄' (dànbó) in simple stories about nature or people's feelings. It's an adjective. You can remember it as a way to describe things that are 'light'. For example, 'light smoke' or 'light fog'. It is different from 'thin' (báo) which is used for paper. '淡薄' is for things you can't really touch, like a smell or a feeling. If you want to say someone doesn't care much about money, you can use this word. It's a bit more 'fancy' than just saying '不喜欢' (don't like).

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize '淡薄' (dànbó) in more formal contexts. You will see it used to describe how people's feelings change over time. For example, 'their friendship became thin' (他们的友谊淡薄了). This means they aren't as close as before. You will also see it in descriptions of weather. It's a useful word because it combines the idea of 'diluted' (淡) and 'thin' (薄). Use it when you want to describe something that is fading away or lacks intensity, like a memory or an old habit.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the B2 level, '淡薄' (dànbó) is a key vocabulary item. You are expected to use it in both literal and figurative ways. You should know common collocations like '法律意识淡薄' (weak legal awareness) and '淡薄名利' (indifferent to fame). In your writing, use it to describe abstract concepts that lack strength. It's a great word for social commentary—for instance, discussing how modern life makes family ties '淡薄'. Understand the nuance: it's not just 'weak', it's 'thinly spread' or 'lacking in density'. You should also be able to distinguish it from '冷淡' (cold attitude) and '稀薄' (thin air).

At the C1 level, you should appreciate the literary and philosophical weight of '淡薄' (dànbó). It often appears in classical-style prose to describe a person's noble character—someone who is '淡薄' is someone who is not greedy and has a calm, detached mind. You should be able to use it to describe subtle changes in atmosphere or complex emotional states. For example, using it to describe the 'faint' hope in a difficult situation. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's ability to convey both a negative lack (weakness) and a positive detachment (virtue).

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the C2 level, '淡薄' (dànbó) should be used with precision in academic, literary, and professional discourse. You should understand its etymological roots and how it functions in four-character idioms or classical structures. You can use it to critique societal trends with nuance, or to describe the most subtle physical phenomena in descriptive writing. At this level, you might use it to discuss the 'thinning' of cultural identity in a globalized world. You should also be comfortable with its use in various registers, knowing exactly when it conveys a sense of tragic loss versus when it conveys a sense of enlightened peace.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

練習する例文メモとヒント

淡薄 30秒で

淡薄 (dànbó) means thin or weak, used for mist, smoke, emotions, or awareness.
It often describes things that are fading or lack intensity, like memories or legal sense.
Positively, it describes a noble indifference to fame and fortune (淡薄名利).
It is different from '薄' (physical thickness) and '薄弱' (structural strength).

The Chinese adjective 淡薄 (dànbó) is a multifaceted term that describes a lack of density, intensity, or strength. It is composed of two characters: 淡 (dàn), meaning thin, light, or tasteless (often used for liquids or colors), and 薄 (bó), meaning thin or slight (often used for physical objects or depth). When combined, they move beyond mere physical thinness to describe abstract concepts like emotions, memories, and psychological states.

Physical Density: Used to describe physical phenomena that are not thick or heavy, such as 淡薄的云雾 (thin mist) or 淡薄的青烟 (faint blue smoke). In this context, it suggests a translucent or ethereal quality.

清晨，山间笼罩着一层淡薄的雾气，若隐若现。(In the early morning, the mountains were shrouded in a thin layer of mist, appearing and disappearing.)

Emotional Intensity: This is perhaps the most common usage in modern Mandarin. It describes feelings that have faded or were never strong to begin with. For example, 亲情淡薄 refers to weak family ties, while 感情淡薄 suggests a lack of affection between partners or friends.

Cognitive Awareness: In formal or legal contexts, it describes a lack of awareness or sense of duty. Phrases like 法律意识淡薄 (weak legal awareness) or 责任感淡薄 (weak sense of responsibility) are frequently seen in news reports and academic writing.

一些年轻人由于法律意识淡薄，在不知不觉中触犯了法律。(Some young people break the law unknowingly due to a weak sense of legal awareness.)

Furthermore, 淡薄 can describe a philosophical detachment from worldly desires. A person who is 淡薄名利 (indifferent to fame and fortune) is seen as virtuous and noble in traditional Chinese culture, reflecting the Daoist ideal of simplicity and non-striving. This specific usage is highly positive, contrasting with the negative nuance of 'weak feelings' mentioned earlier.

他一生过着简朴的生活，对名利看得很淡薄。(He lived a simple life all his life and was very indifferent to fame and wealth.)

Using 淡薄 correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. It functions primarily as an adjective but appears in various structures to modify nouns or describe states.

As an Attributive (Modifying a Noun): You can place 淡薄 before a noun using the particle 的 (de). This is common for describing atmospheres, physical phenomena, or abstract qualities.

由于长期的分离，他们之间只剩下一点淡薄的情分。(Due to long separation, only a faint sense of affection remained between them.)

As a Predicate (Describing a Subject): It often follows degree adverbs like 很 (hěn), 非常 (fēicháng), or 比较 (bǐjiào) to describe the subject's state. This is the standard way to talk about someone's lack of interest or awareness.

他的竞争意识非常淡薄，从不与人争高下。(His sense of competition is very weak; he never strives to outdo others.)

In the 'V + 得 + 淡薄' Complement Structure: This structure describes the result or degree of an action. For example, 看淡薄 means to view something (like fame) with indifference.

他把金钱看得比什么都淡薄。(He views money as more insignificant than anything else.)

In literary contexts, 淡薄 can also describe colors or scents that are not strong. For example, 淡薄的香味 (a faint scent). It emphasizes the subtlety and lack of overwhelming presence. Unlike 薄 (bó) which is purely physical, 淡薄 adds a layer of perceptual 'thinness'—it is hard to notice or grasp.

空气中弥漫着一种淡薄的花香，令人心旷神怡。(A faint floral fragrance filled the air, making one feel relaxed and happy.)

Negative Comparisons: It is often used to contrast a current state with a past state where things were 'thicker' or more intense. 记忆逐渐淡薄 (memories gradually fading) implies a loss of clarity over time.

随着岁月的流逝，童年的记忆已经变得十分淡薄了。(With the passage of time, childhood memories have become very faint.)

You will encounter 淡薄 in a variety of settings, ranging from formal news broadcasts to classical literature and daily social critiques. Understanding these contexts helps in grasping the word's 'flavor' in different registers.

In News and Social Commentary: This is the most frequent modern usage. Journalists and social critics use it to lament the weakening of traditional values or civic duties. You will often hear phrases like 人情淡薄 (coldness in human relationships) to describe a society where people are indifferent to one another.

在现代都市中，邻里之间的关系往往比较淡薄。(In modern cities, relationships between neighbors are often quite weak.)

In Legal and Academic Reports: When analyzing crime or negligence, experts often point to 安全意识淡薄 (weak safety awareness) or 法制观念淡薄 (weak concept of the legal system) as root causes. It is a standard term in formal analysis.

In Literature and Poetry: Writers use 淡薄 to create atmosphere. It describes the 'thinness' of the world—the faint light of dusk, the thin smoke from a chimney, or the fading feelings of a protagonist. It conveys a sense of melancholy or peace.

夕阳西下，村庄上空升起了几缕淡薄的炊烟。(As the sun set, several wisps of thin kitchen smoke rose above the village.)

In business settings, 淡薄 might be used to describe a lack of brand loyalty or a weak market presence. For instance, 消费者对该品牌的忠诚度比较淡薄 (Consumer loyalty to this brand is relatively weak). This usage is more professional and analytical.

由于缺乏创新，产品在市场上的竞争力变得日益淡薄。(Due to a lack of innovation, the product's competitiveness in the market has become increasingly weak.)

In Psychological Contexts: It is used to describe an individual's personality or emotional state, specifically when someone is detached or lacks strong desires. This can be neutral (describing a calm personality) or negative (describing apathy).

他对物质享受看得很淡薄，更追求精神上的自由。(He is very indifferent to material enjoyment and pursues spiritual freedom instead.)

While 淡薄 is a common word, learners often confuse it with other terms that mean 'thin' or 'weak'. Avoiding these pitfalls is key to achieving B2-level proficiency.

Mistake 1: Confusing '淡薄' with '薄' (bó/báo): '薄' (báo) refers to the physical thickness of an object (like paper or a slice of meat). You cannot use '淡薄' to describe a thin piece of paper. '淡薄' is for abstract intensity or the density of gases/liquids.

Incorrect: 这张纸很淡薄。
Correct: 这张纸很薄。(This piece of paper is very thin.)

Mistake 2: Confusing '淡薄' with '薄弱' (bóruò): '薄弱' (bóruò) means 'weak' or 'frail' in terms of strength, structure, or foundation. For example, 意志薄弱 (weak will) or 力量薄弱 (weak force). While '淡薄' describes the 'intensity' or 'density', '薄弱' describes the 'strength'.

Mistake 3: Overusing '淡薄' for 'Tasteless': If a soup lacks salt, use 淡 (dàn). '淡薄' is rarely used to describe food flavor. It is too formal and abstract for the kitchen.

Incorrect: 汤的味道很淡薄。
Correct: 汤的味道很淡。(The soup is very bland.)

Another common error is using 淡薄 to describe physical health. For a weak body, use 虚弱 (xūruò) or 单薄 (dānbó). 单薄 is specifically for a thin, frail physical frame, whereas 淡薄 is for the abstract.

Incorrect: 他的身体看起来很淡薄。
Correct: 他的身体看起来很单薄。(His body looks very frail/thin.)

To truly master 淡薄, you must see how it sits alongside its synonyms. Each has a specific 'territory' of meaning.

冷淡 (lěngdàn) vs. 淡薄 (dànbó): 冷淡 focuses on an 'attitude' or 'reception'. If someone treats you coldly, they are 冷淡. 淡薄 focuses on the 'intensity' of the bond itself. You might have 淡薄 feelings for someone without being 冷淡 (rude) to them.

稀薄 (xībó) vs. 淡薄 (dànbó): 稀薄 is used for the density of gases, especially at high altitudes (e.g., 空气稀薄). 淡薄 can also describe gas/mist, but it emphasizes the visual 'faintness' rather than the scientific 'low density'. You wouldn't say 'feelings are 稀薄'.

高原上的空气非常稀薄。(The air on the plateau is very thin/rarefied.)

平淡 (píngdàn) vs. 淡薄 (dànbó): 平淡 means 'ordinary' or 'dull' (e.g., 平淡的生活). It suggests a lack of excitement. 淡薄 suggests a lack of strength or presence. A life can be 平淡 but full of strong feelings; a life with 淡薄 feelings is emotionally empty.

In some contexts, 微弱 (wēiruò) can be an alternative, but 微弱 usually refers to physical signals like light, sound, or breath. For example, 微弱的光 (faint light). 淡薄的光 would emphasize that the light is 'thin' and spread out, whereas 微弱 emphasizes it is 'weak' and hard to see.

在森林深处，只有一点微弱的星光。(Deep in the forest, there is only a little weak starlight.)

Summary Table: - 淡薄: Feelings, awareness, mist (lack of intensity).
- 冷淡: People's attitude (lack of warmth).
- 稀薄: Air/Gases (lack of density).
- 单薄: Clothing/Bodies (lack of thickness/sturdiness).

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient Chinese philosophy, '淡' (blandness) was considered a supreme aesthetic and moral quality, as it was the base from which all other flavors and emotions arose. '淡薄' reflects this idea of being 'unfilled' or 'unattached'.

発音ガイド

UK /dæn bɔː/

US /dæn boʊ/

Second syllable (bó) has a rising tone.

韻が合う語

薄 (bó) 驳 (bó) 博 (bó) 勃 (bó) 膊 (bó) 佛 (fó) 阔 (kuò) 活 (huó)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'bó' as 'báo' (the physical 'thin').
Using the wrong tone for 'dàn' (falling tone).

難易度

読解 4/5

Easy to recognize in context but requires distinguishing from synonyms.

ライティング 7/5

Hard to use correctly without confusing it with '薄' or '薄弱'.

スピーキング 6/5

Useful for high-level conversations about society or philosophy.

リスニング 5/5

Common in news and formal speeches.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

淡 (dàn) 薄 (báo) 感情 (gǎnqíng) 意识 (yìshi) 雾 (wù)

次に学ぶ

稀薄 (xībó) 淡泊 (dànbó - noun/variant) 冷淡 (lěngdàn) 薄弱 (bóruò)

上級

超然 (chāorán) 豁达 (huòdá) 疏离 (shūlí) 漠然 (mòrán)

知っておくべき文法

Adjectives as Predicates

他的法律意识**很淡薄**。

The Particle '的' in Attributive Phrases

一层**淡薄的**云雾。

Degree Adverbs with Adjectives

**非常**淡薄 / **相当**淡薄。

Resultative Complements with '得'

他把名利看**得淡薄**。

Reduplication of Adjectives (AABB)

那雾**淡淡薄薄**的。(Suggests a descriptive, poetic tone).

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

レベル別の例文

那里的雾很淡薄。

The mist there is very thin.

Subject + 很 + 淡薄 (Adjective as predicate).

他的兴趣很淡薄。

His interest is very weak.

Used to describe a lack of interest.

这种香味很淡薄。

This fragrance is very faint.

Describing a scent.

云很淡薄。

The clouds are very thin.

Describing weather.

记忆变得淡薄了。

The memory has become faint.

Verb + 变得 + Adjective.

他的感情很淡薄。

His feelings are very weak.

Describing emotions.

烟很淡薄。

The smoke is very thin.

Describing physical density.

这一点淡薄的希望。

This bit of faint hope.

Attributive use with '的'.

由于时间长了，他的印象变得淡薄了。

Because a long time has passed, his impression has become faint.

Using '由于' (due to) to explain the change.

他不爱说话，给人一种感情淡薄的感觉。

He doesn't like to talk, giving people a feeling of weak emotions.

淡薄 + 的 + Noun (feeling).

山上的雾气很淡薄，看得见远处的树。

The mist on the mountain is thin; you can see the trees in the distance.

Contrast between mist and visibility.

他对名利的观念非常淡薄。

His concept of fame and wealth is very weak (indifferent).

Degree adverb '非常' + 淡薄.

这道菜的味道太淡薄了。

The flavor of this dish is too weak (bland).

Note: '淡' is more common for food, but '淡薄' can be used for 'thin' flavor.

他们兄弟之间的关系很淡薄。

The relationship between the brothers is very weak.

Describing human relationships.

窗外飘着淡薄的雪花。

Thin snowflakes are drifting outside the window.

Attributive use describing snow.

他对这件事的兴趣已经淡薄了。

His interest in this matter has already faded.

Using '已经' with '淡薄了' to show completion.

随着城市化的发展，邻里情也变得淡薄了。

With the development of urbanization, neighborly feelings have also become weak.

Using '随着...的发展' structure.

他法律意识淡薄，结果犯了错误。

He had a weak sense of legal awareness and ended up making a mistake.

Common collocation: 法律意识淡薄.

虽然已经过去多年，但那段记忆并未淡薄。

Although many years have passed, that memory has not faded.

Using '虽然...但...' for contrast.

清晨的阳光透过淡薄的云层照在大地上。

The early morning sun shines on the earth through the thin layer of clouds.

Describing physical transparency.

由于缺乏沟通，夫妻间的感情日渐淡薄。

Due to a lack of communication, the affection between the couple is weakening day by day.

Using '日渐' (day by day) to show progression.

他是一个对生活要求很低、名利心很淡薄的人。

He is a person with low demands for life and a very weak desire for fame and wealth.

Parallel structure with '很低' and '很淡薄'.

这种药的味道很淡薄，容易喝下去。

The taste of this medicine is very faint, making it easy to swallow.

Describing the intensity of a taste.

在这一片淡薄的暮色中，他独自走着。

In this faint twilight, he walked alone.

Describing an atmospheric state.

很多交通事故都是因为司机的安全意识淡薄造成的。

Many traffic accidents are caused by the drivers' weak sense of safety awareness.

Cause and effect structure with '是因为...造成的'.

他把个人的得失看得非常淡薄，深受大家尊敬。

He views personal gains and losses very indifferently and is deeply respected by everyone.

Structure: 把...看得...淡薄.

这篇文章对人物性格的刻画显得有些淡薄。

The characterization of the figures in this article seems a bit thin.

Metaphorical use in literary criticism.

现代人生活节奏快，传统的节日气氛越来越淡薄了。

Modern people have a fast pace of life, and the traditional holiday atmosphere is becoming increasingly weak.

Using '越来越' to show a trend.

由于长期不联系，老同学之间的情分已经很淡薄了。

Due to not being in contact for a long time, the affection between old classmates has become very thin.

Describing the erosion of social bonds.

实验室里弥漫着一股淡薄的化学药品的味道。

A faint smell of chemicals lingered in the laboratory.

Describing a subtle environmental factor.

他那种竞争意识淡薄的态度，让教练很头疼。

His attitude of having a weak sense of competition gives the coach a headache.

Using '淡薄' as an attributive for '态度'.

这幅画的色彩运用得非常淡薄，给人一种清新的感觉。

The colors in this painting are used very thinly, giving a fresh feeling.

Describing artistic style/application.

他那种淡薄名利、超然物外的生活态度，在当今社会实属罕见。

His life attitude of being indifferent to fame and wealth and being detached from worldly affairs is truly rare in today's society.

Using '淡薄名利' as a complex adjective phrase.

随着经济利益的介入，纯粹的学术氛围变得日益淡薄。

With the intervention of economic interests, the pure academic atmosphere is becoming increasingly weak.

Describing the degradation of an abstract environment.

作者用淡薄的笔触勾勒出了一幅凄凉的晚景图。

The author used faint strokes to outline a desolate picture of a late evening scene.

Metaphorical use for writing style.

他对权力的欲望极其淡薄，这让他成为了一个公正的法官。

His desire for power is extremely weak, which has made him an impartial judge.

Describing the lack of a specific psychological drive.

在那层淡薄的月色下，一切都显得那么宁静而神秘。

Under that thin moonlight, everything seemed so quiet and mysterious.

Atmospheric description in high-level prose.

由于缺乏核心技术，该企业在全球产业链中的地位十分淡薄。

Due to a lack of core technology, the enterprise's position in the global industrial chain is very weak.

Abstract usage in economic/business analysis.

这种淡薄的人际关系虽然减少了麻烦，但也增加了孤独感。

Although these thin interpersonal relationships reduce trouble, they also increase the sense of loneliness.

Balanced sentence structure discussing pros and cons.

他对过去的伤痛已经看得很淡薄了，不再轻易动怒。

He has come to view past pains very indifferently and no longer gets angry easily.

Structure: 看得 + 很 + 淡薄.

文章的逻辑结构略显淡薄，未能有力地支撑其核心论点。

The logical structure of the article is slightly thin and fails to strongly support its core argument.

Academic critique of structural integrity.

在老庄哲学中，“淡薄”被视为一种通往精神自由的高尚境界。

In Lao-Zhuang philosophy, 'danbo' (detachment) is regarded as a noble realm leading to spiritual freedom.

Philosophical discussion of the term as a noun/concept.

这种由于信息过载而导致的注意力淡薄，已成为现代人的普遍通病。

This thinning of attention caused by information overload has become a common ailment among modern people.

Sociological analysis of cognitive states.

尽管岁月如流，他心中那份淡薄却坚韧的乡愁从未消失。

Despite the passage of time, that faint but resilient nostalgia in his heart has never disappeared.

Paradoxical description (faint but resilient).

由于长期处于边缘化地位，该族群的文化认同感已日趋淡薄。

Due to being marginalized for a long time, the ethnic group's sense of cultural identity has become increasingly weak.

Analyzing cultural sociology.

诗人以淡薄之思，入深远之境，其作品意蕴深长。

The poet enters a profound realm with detached thoughts, making his works rich in meaning.

Literary appreciation using classical phrasing.

在金钱至上的风气下，职业道德的约束力正变得越来越淡薄。

Under the trend of money being supreme, the binding force of professional ethics is becoming increasingly weak.

Critique of ethical shifts in society.

其画作中那抹淡薄的翠绿，恰到好处地表现了江南春色的朦胧美。

The faint emerald green in his painting perfectly expresses the hazy beauty of the Jiangnan spring scenery.

Detailed artistic analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

法律意识淡薄

感情淡薄

淡薄名利

责任感淡薄

淡薄的雾气

印象淡薄

亲情淡薄

安全意识淡薄

竞争意识淡薄

淡薄的炊烟

よく使うフレーズ

人情淡薄

— Refers to the indifference or lack of warmth in social relationships.

现代都市常被人批评人情淡薄。

看得很淡薄

— To view something (usually status or money) as unimportant or secondary.

他把这些奖项看得很淡薄。

日趋淡薄

— To become gradually weaker or thinner day by day.

传统习俗的影响力正日趋淡薄。

色彩淡薄

— Colors that are not vibrant or are thinly applied.

这幅水粉画色彩淡薄，风格清新。

兴趣淡薄

— Lacking strong interest in something.

他对体育运动一直兴趣淡薄。

观念淡薄

— Having a weak understanding or adherence to a concept.

他的时间观念非常淡薄，经常迟到。

意识淡薄

— A lack of awareness regarding a specific issue.

环保意识淡薄是造成污染的原因之一。

情分淡薄

— The bond of affection or mutual obligation has become weak.

他们虽然是亲戚，但情分淡薄。

淡薄的阴影

— A faint or light shadow.

树下投射出淡薄的阴影。

淡薄的香味

— A scent that is barely noticeable.

空气中有一种淡薄的茉莉花香。

よく混同される語

淡薄 vs 薄 (báo)

Only for physical thickness (paper, ice). '淡薄' is for abstract or low-density substances.

淡薄 vs 薄弱 (bóruò)

Refers to lack of strength or a weak link. '淡薄' refers to lack of intensity or awareness.

淡薄 vs 冷淡 (lěngdàn)

Refers to an unfriendly or cold attitude. '淡薄' refers to the weakness of the bond itself.

慣用句と表現

"淡泊名利"

— Being indifferent to fame and wealth. Note: '淡泊' is a variant/synonym often used in this specific idiom.

这位科学家一生淡泊名利，潜心研究。

Formal/Commendatory

"淡泊以明志"

— Leading a simple life to show one's high ideals. Part of a famous quote by Zhuge Liang.

非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。

Literary/Classical

"情谊淡薄"

— Friendship or affection is thin and weak.

他们两人虽然认识很久，但情谊淡薄。

Neutral

"法制观念淡薄"

— Having a weak sense of the rule of law.

法制观念淡薄的人容易走上犯罪道路。

Formal/Legal

"人情冷暖，世态淡薄"

— The fickleness of human relationships and the indifference of the world.

他经历过失败后，才体会到人情冷暖，世态淡薄。

Literary/Reflective

"云淡风轻"

— Literally 'thin clouds and light breeze'. Metaphorically: to be calm and unbothered.

面对流言蜚语，他表现得云淡风轻。

Literary

"薄情寡义"

— Fickle and lacking in human feeling. (Uses '薄' but related context).

他是个薄情寡义的人，不要相信他。

Derogatory

"微薄之力"

— My meager strength. A humble way to offer help.

我愿尽一份微薄之力来帮助灾区。

Humble/Formal

"轻描淡写"

— To touch on something lightly; to downplay.

他对自己的功劳总是轻描淡写。

Neutral

"平平淡淡"

— Plain and ordinary.

平平淡淡才是真。

Neutral

間違えやすい

淡薄 vs 单薄 (dānbó)

Sounds similar and both mean 'thin'.

'单薄' is for a thin body frame or thin clothing/bedding. '淡薄' is for abstract things or mist.

他身体单薄，容易生病。

淡薄 vs 稀薄 (xībó)

Both describe 'thinness' in gases.

'稀薄' is scientific/literal (low density, like air on Everest). '淡薄' is visual/descriptive (mist) or abstract (feelings).

山顶空气稀薄。

淡薄 vs 平淡 (píngdàn)

Both contain '淡' and relate to lack of intensity.

'平淡' is 'ordinary/boring'. '淡薄' is 'faint/weak'. A life can be 평단 but still have strong emotions.

生活平淡无奇。

淡薄 vs 淡泊 (dànbó)

They are homophones and variants.

'淡泊' is specifically used for the virtue of being indifferent to fame/wealth. '淡薄' is the general adjective for thinness/weakness.

淡泊名利。

淡薄 vs 微弱 (wēiruò)

Both mean 'weak'.

'微弱' is for physical signals (light, sound). '淡薄' is for abstract concepts or visual density.

微弱的灯光。

文型パターン

S + 很 + 淡薄

雾很淡薄。

S + 变得 + 淡薄了

我们的感情变得淡薄了。

[Specific Awareness] + 淡薄

他的安全意识淡薄。

把 [Object] 看得 + 淡薄

他把钱财看得比较淡薄。

淡薄的 + [Atmospheric Noun]

淡薄的晨曦中，村庄还在沉睡。

由于...，...日趋淡薄

由于竞争，人情日趋淡薄。

[Abstract Concept] + 略显/极其 + 淡薄

这篇文章的逻辑极其淡薄。

以...之思，入...之境

他以淡薄之思，入宁静之境。

語族

名詞

淡泊 (Concept of detachment)

薄弱环节 (Weak link)

動詞

淡化 (To fade/play down)

变薄 (To become thin)

形容詞

淡 (Bland/Light)

薄 (Thin)

单薄 (Frail/Thin)

稀薄 (Rarefied/Thin air)

使い方

frequency

Common in written Chinese and formal speech; moderately common in daily speech.

よくある間違い

Using '淡薄' for a thin phone. → 这个手机很薄 (báo).
'淡薄' is for abstract things or gases, not physical objects like phones.
Saying '味道淡薄' for a soup that needs salt. → 汤的味道很淡 (dàn).
'淡' is the standard word for bland taste. '淡薄' sounds overly formal and slightly 'off' for food.
Confusing '淡薄' with '薄弱' in '意志淡薄'. → 意志薄弱 (bóruò).
While '意志淡薄' is occasionally used, '意志薄弱' (weak will) is the standard fixed expression.
Using '淡薄' for a frail person's body. → 身体单薄 (dānbó).
'单薄' is the specific term for a thin physical frame. '淡薄' would imply their existence is faint!
Pronouncing it 'dàn báo'. → dàn bó.
In this compound, the character '薄' is always pronounced 'bó'. 'báo' is for the standalone adjective meaning physically thin.

ヒント

Predicate Use

When using '淡薄' as a predicate, always add a degree adverb like '很' or '非常'. Saying '他的意识淡薄' sounds incomplete; say '他的意识很淡薄'.

Awareness Phrases

Memorize '法律意识淡薄' and '安全意识淡薄' as set chunks. They are extremely common in formal Chinese and exams like the HSK.

Literary Flair

Use '淡薄' to describe light, smoke, or mist in your creative writing to give it a more sophisticated, 'literary' feel than just using '少' or '不浓'.

Describing Relationships

Use '人情淡薄' when discussing modern social issues like urban loneliness or the decline of traditional values.

Virtue of Detachment

Understand that '淡薄' isn't always bad. In a person's character, it can mean they are 'chill' and not greedy for power or money.

Tone Accuracy

Focus on the 4th tone (dàn) and 2nd tone (bó). A common mistake is using the 3rd tone for 'bó' because the related word '薄' is often pronounced 'báo' (2nd) or 'bó' (2nd) but learners get confused.

淡薄 vs 薄弱

Remember: '淡薄' is for awareness/density/intensity. '薄弱' is for strength/links. You have '淡薄' awareness but a '薄弱' foundation.

Atmosphere

Use '淡薄' for 'faint' atmospheres, like '淡薄的节日气氛' (a faint holiday atmosphere) when people aren't celebrating much.

Abstract vs. Concrete

Keep '淡薄' for the abstract. If you can touch it and it's thin, use '薄' (báo). If it's a gas or a feeling, use '淡薄'.

Translation Tip

Depending on the context, '淡薄' can be translated as 'faint', 'weak', 'thin', 'indifferent', or 'diluted'. Always check the noun it modifies.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Dàn' as a 'Dam' that broke, 'diluting' the water. Think of 'Bó' as a 'Boat' floating on a very 'thin' layer of water. Together, they describe things that are thin, diluted, and barely there.

視覚的連想

Imagine a very thin, see-through layer of mist in a forest. You can see through it, but it's still there. That's '淡薄'.

Word Web

Mist Feelings Memory Responsibility Fame Wealth Smoke Fragrance

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences using '淡薄' in three different ways: one for weather, one for a personality trait, and one for a social issue.

語源

The word is a compound of '淡' (dàn) and '薄' (bó). '淡' originally referred to water that was not salty (freshwater) or liquid that was diluted. '薄' originally referred to thin grass or a thin mat.

元の意味： The physical thinness of mist or the lack of flavor in a liquid.

Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).

文化的な背景

Be careful not to use '淡薄' to describe someone's physical body thickness (use '单薄' instead) as it might sound like you are saying their soul is thin!

English speakers might use 'thin' for mist, but would use 'weak' or 'fading' for feelings. 'Detached' is the best equivalent for the philosophical '淡薄'.

Zhuge Liang's '诫子书' (Letter to my Son): '非淡泊无以明志'. Modern Chinese literature often uses '淡薄' to describe the 'loneliness of the crowd'. Classical landscape paintings (Shanshui) often depict '淡薄' mist.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Describing Weather

淡薄的雾
淡薄的云
淡薄的暮色
淡薄的阳光

Describing Social Ties

人情淡薄
感情淡薄
亲情淡薄
情谊淡薄

Describing Personality/Values

淡薄名利
看得淡薄
竞争意识淡薄
欲望淡薄

Legal/Safety Contexts

法律意识淡薄
安全意识淡薄
责任感淡薄
法制观念淡薄

Memory and Senses

印象淡薄
记忆淡薄
香味淡薄
味道淡薄

会話のきっかけ

"你觉得现在的人情味是不是越来越淡薄了？ (Do you think people are becoming more indifferent to each other nowadays?)"

"你对名利看得很淡薄吗？ (Do you view fame and wealth with indifference?)"

"有些年轻人法律意识淡薄，你认为该如何教育？ (Some young people have weak legal awareness; how do you think they should be educated?)"

"你还记得小时候的事吗，还是记忆已经淡薄了？ (Do you still remember childhood things, or have the memories faded?)"

"在你的国家，邻里之间的关系是浓厚还是淡薄？ (In your country, are relationships between neighbors strong or weak?)"

日記のテーマ

写一写你对“淡薄名利”这种生活态度的看法。 (Write about your views on the life attitude of being indifferent to fame and wealth.)

描述一次你在淡薄的雾气中散步的经历。 (Describe an experience of walking in a thin mist.)

反思一下，你有哪些曾经浓厚的兴趣现在变得淡薄了？为什么？ (Reflect on which interests of yours were once strong but have now faded? Why?)

讨论一下城市化如何导致了人与人之间感情的淡薄。 (Discuss how urbanization has led to the weakening of feelings between people.)

如果一个人责任感淡薄，会给社会带来什么样的影响？ (If a person has a weak sense of responsibility, what impact will it have on society?)

よくある質問

10 問

No. For a thin book, you should use '薄' (báo). '淡薄' is for things like mist, feelings, or awareness. If you say a book is '淡薄', people might think you mean the content is thin/lacking depth, but even then, '单薄' is more common for content.

Not always. When used in '淡薄名利' (indifferent to fame and fortune), it is a very positive, commendatory term describing a noble character. However, in '感情淡薄' or '法律意识淡薄', it is negative.

'冷淡' describes how someone acts (coldly, unfriendly). '淡薄' describes the state of a relationship or feeling (weak, fading). You can have '淡薄' feelings for someone but still treat them politely (not '冷淡').

It is rare. For bland food, '淡' (dàn) is the standard word. Using '淡薄' for food sounds overly poetic or slightly strange in a kitchen setting.

Yes, it is very common in Chinese news. It means someone isn't aware of or doesn't care about something they should, like 'safety awareness' or 'legal awareness'.

Not exactly, but thin mist (淡薄的雾) is semi-transparent. It describes the low density that allows some light or vision through.

Yes, it can describe colors that are light and not intensely applied, often in the context of painting (e.g., '色彩淡薄').

The most common opposites are '浓厚' (for interest/feelings/mist) or '强烈' (for desires/feelings).

Yes, '记忆淡薄' or '印象淡薄' are perfect ways to say your memory of something is fading or wasn't very clear to begin with.

Yes, it appears in classical texts, often referring to the philosophical concept of detachment or describing the natural world.

無料登録してヒントとメモを見る