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How Does A Carburetor Work? | Transparent Carburetor at 28,546 fps Slow Mo - Smarter Every Day 259
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- This is a carburetor and this is a special 3D printed
see-through carburetor.
And this is a high-speed camera with a macro lens on it.
You see where this is going.
If you've ever cranked some type of lawn care product,
with a small engine on it,
you have interacted at some point with a carburetor.
The question is, what does this little device do?
Yes, it mixes air and fuel together.
But how? Like,
I want to understand how it works.
As a mechanical engineer,
I thought I had an understanding of carburetors until the
day I went to visit my dad
who was replacing a carburetor on his tiller.
My dad is a really good teacher and he has a really good
understanding of how mechanical things work.
So I decided to suspend everything I thought I knew about
carburetors and just ask him to teach me from the ground up.
Teach me.
What followed was a 45 minute lesson on everything
about carburetors.
- That's the main jet carburetor.
See the holes on the side.
Bowl, you got gasoline in there.
- Uh-huh.
- Float.
See the needle going up and down right there.
- Yes, sir.
- That's the throttle right there. You can see there.
Choke.
We running open right there.
Suction.
The intake when the cylinder goes down.
- It's a vacuum.
- It sucks air through here.
Put your finger up there,
and the vacuum will pull this right open.
The valve closes in the cylinder,
the compression stroke comes up
and compresses the gasoline.
The spark plug fires, pushing it back down.
(engine turning)
That's smooth.
Works well.
- So my dad gave me a masterclass in how carburetors work.
What I'm going to do is try to explain in brief detail
what he taught me.
And then we'll move on to the see-through carburetor,
where I think you can understand it a little bit better.
So most carburetors are either aluminum or thermoplastic.
So let's look at this aluminum here.
Most carburetors have some things that all look familiar.
Like you've got some kind of little turny thing here.
On this side, you've got another little floppy do.
And down here, if you take off the bottom,
you can see that there's some type of container on the
bottom and a little thing on the inside, right?
All this looks kind of normal.
Like if you've ever looked at an engine,
you've seen stuff that looks like this.
The thermoplastic version kind of the same way. Okay.
So what I want to draw your attention to is there's two main
components to a carburetor. There's the top part.
And the bottom part, and the top part is called the Venturi.
And the bottom part is called the Bowl.
So in order to understand this,
I tried to figure out if I could find a see-through
carburetor and I found two different versions.
Number one, I actually found
a see-through carburetor on the internet.
The problem is the guy that sold it to me made me promise
I wouldn't run gasoline through this.
It was for teaching only, and I'm a man of my word.
So we're not going to run gasoline through this carburetor.
So I was left to try to find
other sources for see through carburetors,
and I found one on the internet.
There's a young man in Pennsylvania.
He created this.
It's basically a see-through Venturi,
which is part of a carburetor,
but it didn't quite do what I wanted,
which was to show the complete
inner workings of the carburetor.
So at this point, it's clear,
we're going to have to make our own see-through carburetor.
And remember there's two components
of the carburetor, right?
Okay.
First, let's talk about the Venturi.
If you are like me and you have
really old books on your shelf,
you might have one that explains carburetors in great detail
and explains that a Venturi is a really cool thing
where you take fluid, that's flowing through a pipe.
If you neck it down at some point to a smaller
cross-sectional area, the static pressure
at that point at the throat decreases.
Creating kind of like a vacuum in that one spot.
Well, that can be used to suck fuel up into the Venturi.
All right. So let's look at that.
So the Venturi part of the carburetor is for
sucking the fuel up into the line.
The second part of the carburetor,
the Bowl is for holding the fuel.
So after a lot of collaboration,
conversations and actual engineering meetings.
We came up with a 3D printed solution
for a see-through carburetor.
It consists of a laser 3D printed housing,
which incorporates both the Venturi and the Bowl.
And we removed a float and needle from a thermoplastic
carburetor made by Briggs and Stratton.
We laser cut our front cover
that would allow you to see the entire thing.
And then we 3D printed a choke and throttle lever
out of PLA plastic.
So this is the 3D printed see-through carburetor.
On an earlier episode of Smarter Everyday,
I described a see-through engine and we actually
get see the combustion happen inside the cylinder.
Basically there's four strokes to a four stroke engine.
You have the intake stroke,
which is where it's pulling in fuel air mixture
into the cylinder.
After that you have the compression stroke,
which compresses the fuel air mixture.
And then you have the ignition at the spark plug,
which creates the power stroke, driving down the piston,
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