schaffen 30초 만에
- Schaffen means to manage, succeed, accomplish, or create.
- It's used for tasks, goals, and achievements.
- Past participle is 'geschafft' (used with 'haben').
- Often used with modal verbs like 'können' and 'müssen'.
The German verb 'schaffen' is a versatile word with several important meanings, making it a cornerstone for learners at the A2 CEFR level and beyond. Its primary meanings revolve around the concepts of managing, accomplishing, and creating. Understanding these nuances will significantly boost your ability to communicate effectively in German.
- To Manage/Succeed
- This is perhaps the most common meaning in everyday conversation. It implies successfully dealing with a task, situation, or challenge, often under some pressure. Think of it as 'to manage,' 'to cope,' or 'to succeed in doing something.' It often appears with a modal verb like 'können' (can) or 'müssen' (must).
Ich schaffe das!
- To Accomplish/Achieve
- This meaning emphasizes the completion of a task or goal. It's about bringing something to a successful end. It can be used for completing projects, achieving a certain level, or finishing a difficult job. It often implies effort and success.
Er hat viel erreicht und seine Ziele geschafft.
- To Create
- In a more literary or artistic context, 'schaffen' can mean to create or produce something, especially something artistic or significant. This usage is less common in everyday speech but is important for understanding German literature and cultural discussions. It's akin to 'to make' or 'to bring into existence.' Think of artists 'schaffing' masterpieces.
Der Künstler schafft ein neues Werk.
The context usually makes it clear which meaning is intended. Pay attention to the surrounding words and the overall situation to grasp the precise meaning of 'schaffen' in any given sentence. This word is fundamental for expressing success, completion, and even creation in German.
Mastering 'schaffen' involves understanding its grammatical behavior and the typical sentence structures it appears in. As a verb, it conjugates according to the person, number, and tense. Its diverse meanings lead to varied sentence constructions.
- With Modal Verbs (Can, Must, Want, etc.)
- 'Schaffen' is very frequently used with modal verbs, especially 'können' (can) and 'müssen' (must), to express ability or necessity to manage or accomplish something. In these cases, 'schaffen' appears in its infinitive form at the end of the sentence.
Ich glaube, wir können das Projekt bis Freitag schaffen.
Du musst diese Prüfung schaffen!
- In the Perfect Tense (Perfekt)
- The past participle 'geschafft' is used with the auxiliary verb 'haben' to talk about completed actions. This is extremely common for discussing tasks that have been finished or challenges that have been overcome.
Wir haben die Hausaufgaben geschafft.
Endlich habe ich die schwierige Aufgabe geschafft!
- With Direct Objects
- 'Schaffen' can take a direct object (accusative case) to specify what is being managed, accomplished, or created.
Sie schafft es, pünktlich zur Arbeit zu kommen.
Der Architekt schafft beeindruckende Gebäude.
Pay attention to the position of the infinitive or past participle in the sentence, which is determined by the presence of auxiliary or modal verbs. Consistent practice with these structures will make using 'schaffen' feel more natural.
'Schaffen' is a ubiquitous verb in the German language, appearing in a wide range of everyday situations and contexts. Its versatility means you'll encounter it constantly, whether you're listening to native speakers, watching German media, or reading texts.
- Everyday Conversations
- In casual chats with friends, family, or colleagues, 'schaffen' is used to talk about daily tasks, personal goals, and challenges. For instance, someone might say they managed to finish their errands ('Ich habe meine Erledigungen geschafft') or that they're unsure if they can finish a report on time ('Ich weiß nicht, ob ich den Bericht noch schaffe'). It's the go-to verb for expressing whether something is doable or has been done.
Kannst du mir helfen? Ich schaffe das nicht allein.
- Work and Study Environments
- In professional or academic settings, 'schaffen' is used to discuss project completion, deadlines, and workload management. Phrases like 'die Deadline schaffen' (to meet the deadline) or 'eine Aufgabe schaffen' (to accomplish a task) are very common. Employers might ask if an employee can handle a certain amount of work, using 'schaffen'.
Wir müssen dieses Projekt bis Ende des Monats geschafft haben.
- Media and Literature
- In news reports, documentaries, or fictional stories, 'schaffen' can appear in all its meanings. You might hear about a government 'schaffing' new laws, an athlete 'schaffing' a new record, or an artist 'schaffing' a masterpiece. The more literary sense of 'to create' is more prevalent here.
Die Band schafft es, ihr Publikum zu begeistern.
- Discussions about Goals and Ambitions
- When people talk about their dreams, aspirations, or what they want to achieve in life, 'schaffen' is often used. It can refer to achieving financial stability, building a career, or even just managing to get through a tough period. It's a word tied to human endeavor and success.
Ich hoffe, ich schaffe es, mein eigenes Geschäft zu eröffnen.
The sheer frequency of 'schaffen' in spoken and written German means that actively listening and noting its usage in various contexts is one of the best ways to internalize its meanings and applications.
While 'schaffen' is a common and useful verb, learners sometimes make mistakes that can lead to misunderstandings. Being aware of these pitfalls can help you use the word more accurately.
- Confusing 'schaffen' with 'machen' (to do/make)
- The most frequent error is using 'schaffen' when 'machen' is more appropriate, or vice versa. While both can relate to doing things, 'machen' is a general-purpose verb for performing an action or creating something simple. 'Schaffen' implies a greater degree of difficulty, success, or accomplishment. For example, you 'machen' a cake, but you 'schaffen' a difficult exam. Saying 'Ich mache die Prüfung' is grammatically correct but sounds less emphatic about the success than 'Ich schaffe die Prüfung'.
Mistake: Ich mache das Projekt bis morgen.
Correct: Ich schaffe das Projekt bis morgen.
- Incorrect Past Participle
- The past participle is 'geschafft'. Some learners might incorrectly use 'geschaffen' (which is the past participle of 'erschaffen' - to create, often in a divine or grand sense) or other forms. While 'erschaffen' and 'schaffen' overlap in the 'create' meaning, 'geschaffen' is typically reserved for divine creation or very large-scale artistic creation, whereas 'geschafft' is for everyday accomplishments.
Mistake: Ich habe die Aufgabe geschaffen.
Correct: Ich habe die Aufgabe geschafft.
- Misplacing the Infinitive/Past Participle
- When used with modal verbs, the infinitive 'schaffen' must go to the very end of the sentence. Similarly, in the perfect tense, the past participle 'geschafft' is typically placed at the end, after the object or other sentence elements, unless other verbs require different placement. Incorrect word order can make sentences sound unnatural or ungrammatical.
Mistake: Wir schaffen das Projekt bis Freitag können.
Correct: Wir können das Projekt bis Freitag schaffen.
By paying close attention to these common errors and practicing the correct structures, you'll quickly improve your fluency and accuracy when using 'schaffen'.
While 'schaffen' is a highly useful verb, German offers several other words that can be used in similar contexts, each with its own subtle differences in meaning, register, or nuance. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more precise expression.
- machen (to do, to make)
- This is the most common general-purpose verb for 'to do' or 'to make'. It's used for a vast range of actions, from simple tasks to creating objects. 'Machen' is less about overcoming difficulty and more about the act of performing an action or producing something. Use 'machen' for routine tasks and everyday creations.
| Context | Schaffen | Machen |
|---|---|---|
| Completing a difficult task | Ich habe die Prüfung geschafft. | Ich habe die Hausaufgaben gemacht. |
| Creating something | Der Künstler schafft ein neues Gemälde. (More artistic/significant) | Ich mache einen Kuchen. (Everyday creation) |
- erledigen (to get something done, to finish)
- This verb specifically refers to completing tasks, chores, or errands. It's very close in meaning to 'schaffen' when 'schaffen' is used for task completion, but 'erledigen' is more focused on the administrative or practical aspect of finishing something off a list. It implies a more mundane, but necessary, completion.
| Context | Schaffen | Erledigen |
|---|---|---|
| Finishing chores | Ich muss noch viel schaffen. (General workload) | Ich muss noch die Einkäufe erledigen. (Specific task) |
| Dealing with a situation | Wir werden diese Krise schaffen. (Implies overcoming) | Ich muss noch einige Anrufe erledigen. (Practical completion) |
- bewältigen (to cope with, to master, to overcome)
- This verb is used for more significant challenges, problems, or tasks that require considerable effort and skill to overcome or master. It's stronger than 'schaffen' in implying a substantial difficulty that is successfully navigated. It often appears with abstract nouns like 'Probleme', 'Aufgaben', or 'Herausforderungen'.
| Context | Schaffen | Bewältigen |
|---|---|---|
| Overcoming difficulty | Ich hoffe, ich schaffe die Prüfung. (Focus on passing) | Er hat die schwierige Situation gut bewältigt. (Focus on mastering the challenge) |
| Dealing with workload | Ich schaffe das nicht allein. (I can't manage alone) | Sie hat die vielen Aufgaben bewältigt. (She mastered the many tasks) |
- erschaffen (to create, esp. in a divine or grand sense)
- This verb is often used for grand acts of creation, such as God creating the world, or a genius artist creating a masterpiece. Its past participle is 'geschaffen' (same as the past participle of 'schaffen'), which can cause confusion. However, in usage, 'erschaffen' is reserved for more significant, often artistic or divine, acts of creation, while 'schaffen' (with past participle 'geschafft') is for everyday accomplishments.
| Context | Schaffen (geschafft) | Erschaffen (geschaffen) |
|---|---|---|
| Creation | Ich habe die Präsentation geschafft. (Completed) | Gott hat die Welt geschaffen. (Created by God) |
| Artistic creation | Der Maler schafft jeden Tag. (Works/creates daily) | Michelangelo hat die Sixtinische Kapelle geschaffen. (Grand artistic creation) |
By understanding these distinctions, you can choose the most appropriate verb for your intended meaning, leading to more natural and precise German.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The German word 'schaffen' shares a common ancestor with English words like 'shape', 'ship' (as in craftsmanship), and even 'scape' (as in landscape). The core idea of forming or creating is present across these related words.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing 'sch' as 'sk' or 's'.
- Using a long 'a' sound instead of a short one.
- Omitting the final 'n' sound.
- Incorrectly stressing the second syllable.
난이도
At the A2 level, learners will encounter 'schaffen' frequently in texts related to everyday tasks, personal goals, and simple achievements. Understanding the context is key to distinguishing between 'managing' and 'creating'. The past participle 'geschafft' is very common. Higher levels (B1+) will see more abstract and complex uses, requiring a deeper understanding of nuance and idiomatic expressions.
Beginners (A2) can start using 'schaffen' in simple sentences about managing tasks or personal goals, especially with modal verbs or in the perfect tense. The main challenge is differentiating it from 'machen' and using the correct past participle ('geschafft'). Advanced learners can use it for more nuanced expressions of creation and accomplishment.
Speaking fluency with 'schaffen' develops with practice. Learners should focus on common phrases like 'Ich schaffe das!' and using the perfect tense. Pronunciation of 'sch' and the short 'a' is important. Overcoming the hesitation to use it in place of 'machen' is a key step.
Listeners at A2 level will hear 'schaffen' often in contexts of daily life, work, and personal achievements. Distinguishing its meaning based on context (managing vs. creating) is crucial. The past participle 'geschafft' is a very common marker of completed actions.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Modal Verbs
When used with modal verbs (können, müssen, wollen, dürfen, etc.), 'schaffen' is in the infinitive form and placed at the end of the sentence. Example: 'Ich kann das schaffen.'
Perfect Tense (Perfekt)
The past participle of 'schaffen' is 'geschafft'. It forms the perfect tense with the auxiliary verb 'haben'. Example: 'Sie hat die Prüfung geschafft.'
Direct Object (Akkusativ)
'Schaffen' can take a direct object in the accusative case. Example: 'Er schafft die schwere Arbeit.'
Reflexive Verbs
The reflexive construction 'sich etwas schaffen' means to create or build something for oneself. Example: 'Er hat sich ein schönes Leben geschafft.'
Word Order with Infinitives
In sentences with a modal verb and an infinitive, the infinitive ('schaffen') goes to the end. Example: 'Wir müssen das Projekt bis Ende der Woche schaffen.'
수준별 예문
Ich schaffe das.
I manage this.
Wir schaffen die Arbeit.
We accomplish the work.
Kannst du das schaffen?
Can you manage this?
Das ist schwer zu schaffen.
That is hard to manage.
Ich habe es geschafft!
I have managed it!
Past participle 'geschafft'.
Wir haben das Rennen geschafft.
We finished the race.
Er schafft es nicht.
He doesn't manage it.
Sie schafft ihre Ziele.
She achieves her goals.
Ich glaube, ich schaffe die Prüfung.
I believe I will pass the exam.
Used with 'glauben' (to believe) to express confidence in future success.
Wir müssen diese Aufgabe bis heute Abend schaffen.
We must finish this task by this evening.
Used with 'müssen' (must) to express necessity.
Er hat es endlich geschafft, das Auto zu reparieren.
He finally managed to repair the car.
Past participle 'geschafft' used with 'haben'.
Das ist zu viel Arbeit für mich, ich schaffe das nicht allein.
That's too much work for me, I can't manage it alone.
Expressing inability to cope with a workload.
Schaffst du es, pünktlich zu kommen?
Will you manage to arrive on time?
Used in a question about punctuality.
Sie hat es geschafft, ihr Studium abzuschließen.
She succeeded in completing her studies.
Expressing successful completion of a long-term goal.
Der Künstler schafft beeindruckende Skulpturen.
The artist creates impressive sculptures.
Used in the sense of 'to create' in an artistic context.
Wir haben den Umzug geschafft, trotz des Regens.
We managed the move, despite the rain.
Emphasizing accomplishment despite adverse conditions.
Es ist nicht leicht, aber ich bin zuversichtlich, dass wir das Projekt noch schaffen werden.
It's not easy, but I am confident that we will still manage the project.
Future tense with 'werden' and 'schaffen' for future accomplishment.
Nach monatelanger Arbeit haben sie endlich das schwierige Bauvorhaben geschafft.
After months of work, they finally accomplished the difficult construction project.
Past participle 'geschafft' for a significant, completed project.
Obwohl er krank war, hat er es geschafft, die wichtigsten Aufgaben zu erledigen.
Although he was sick, he managed to complete the most important tasks.
Expressing accomplishment despite personal hardship.
Die Herausforderung besteht darin, wie wir diese neuen Technologien schnell schaffen und integrieren können.
The challenge lies in how we can quickly create and integrate these new technologies.
Used with modal 'können' and in the sense of 'to create/implement' in a complex context.
Sie hat sich fest vorgenommen, dieses Jahr ihren persönlichen Rekord zu schaffen.
She has firmly resolved to achieve her personal best this year.
Expressing a strong personal goal with 'sich vornehmen'.
Ohne die Unterstützung meines Teams hätte ich diese enorme Belastung niemals geschafft.
Without the support of my team, I would never have managed this enormous burden.
Conditional (Konjunktiv II) expressing hypothetical accomplishment.
Der Komponist schafft es, klassische Melodien mit modernen Rhythmen zu verbinden.
The composer manages to combine classical melodies with modern rhythms.
Meaning 'to manage to do something' in an artistic context.
Wir haben die Verhandlungen erfolgreich geschafft und einen Kompromiss gefunden.
We successfully concluded the negotiations and found a compromise.
Used for successfully concluding complex processes like negotiations.
Die Regierung versucht, die wirtschaftliche Erholung zu schaffen, doch die globalen Unsicherheiten erschweren dies erheblich.
The government is trying to engineer economic recovery, but global uncertainties significantly complicate this.
Used for 'engineering' or 'bringing about' a complex situation like economic recovery.
Es ist eine bemerkenswerte Leistung, dass sie trotz der widrigen Umstände den anspruchsvollen Marathon geschafft hat.
It is a remarkable achievement that she managed to complete the demanding marathon despite the adverse circumstances.
Emphasizing remarkable accomplishment against odds.
Die Debatte drehte sich darum, ob die EU in der Lage ist, eine gemeinsame Migrationspolitik zu schaffen.
The debate revolved around whether the EU is capable of creating a common migration policy.
Used for 'creating' policies or frameworks.
Er hat sich durch unermüdlichen Einsatz und strategisches Denken aus seiner prekären finanziellen Lage heraus geschafft.
Through tireless effort and strategic thinking, he managed to extricate himself from his precarious financial situation.
Expressing successful navigation out of a difficult situation.
Kritiker bemängeln, dass der Film es nicht schafft, eine tiefere emotionale Verbindung zum Publikum aufzubauen.
Critics complain that the film fails to establish a deeper emotional connection with the audience.
Used in the negative to indicate failure to achieve a connection or effect.
Die Aufgabe, ein konsistentes Narrativ über die verschiedenen Episoden hinweg zu schaffen, war eine große Herausforderung für die Drehbuchautoren.
The task of creating a consistent narrative across the various episodes was a great challenge for the screenwriters.
Used for creating complex narrative structures.
Er behauptet, er schaffe es, seine Ziele nur durch reine Willenskraft zu erreichen, was viele bezweifeln.
He claims he manages to achieve his goals through sheer willpower alone, which many doubt.
Describing someone's claimed method of achievement.
Die Architekten haben es geschafft, ein Gebäude zu entwerfen, das sowohl funktional als auch ästhetisch ansprechend ist.
The architects succeeded in designing a building that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
Used for successful design and creation in architecture.
Die Kunst des Diplomaten liegt darin, auch in festgefahrenen Verhandlungen noch einen Ausweg zu schaffen.
The art of the diplomat lies in creating a way out even in deadlocked negotiations.
Metaphorical use for creating solutions or possibilities.
Es ist fraglich, ob die vorgeschlagenen Reformen tatsächlich die gewünschte soziale Mobilität schaffen werden.
It is questionable whether the proposed reforms will actually create the desired social mobility.
Used for creating abstract concepts like social mobility.
Die Fähigkeit, aus Krisen gestärkt hervorzugehen, ist ein Zeichen wahrer Resilienz, die viele erst lernen müssen zu schaffen.
The ability to emerge stronger from crises is a sign of true resilience, which many must first learn to achieve.
Abstract concept of 'creating' resilience or strength.
Die Komplexität des Problems erforderte ein innovatives Vorgehen, um eine tragfähige Lösung zu schaffen.
The complexity of the problem required an innovative approach to create a viable solution.
Used for creating solutions to complex issues.
Der Autor schafft es meisterhaft, die psychologischen Abgründe seiner Figuren offenzulegen.
The author masterfully manages to reveal the psychological depths of his characters.
Used for the skillful creation or revelation of complex character traits.
In einer sich ständig wandelnden Welt ist es eine permanente Aufgabe, eine stabile und zukunftsfähige Wirtschaft zu schaffen.
In a constantly changing world, it is a permanent task to create a stable and future-proof economy.
Creating abstract economic structures.
Er hat es geschafft, eine Brücke zwischen verfeindeten Gruppen zu bauen, was viele für unmöglich hielten.
He succeeded in building a bridge between feuding groups, which many considered impossible.
Metaphorical accomplishment of bridging divides.
Die Herausforderung war nicht nur, die technischen Anforderungen zu erfüllen, sondern auch eine Atmosphäre des Vertrauens zu schaffen.
The challenge was not only to meet the technical requirements but also to create an atmosphere of trust.
Creating intangible atmospheres or environments.
Die philosophische Abhandlung versucht, ein neues Paradigma zu schaffen, das unser Verständnis von Existenz grundlegend verändern könnte.
The philosophical treatise attempts to create a new paradigm that could fundamentally alter our understanding of existence.
Creating entirely new conceptual frameworks.
Die Fähigkeit, eine kohärente und überzeugende Erzählung aus fragmentierten Daten zu schaffen, ist das Kennzeichen eines wahren Historikers.
The ability to create a coherent and convincing narrative from fragmented data is the hallmark of a true historian.
Creating meaning and structure from disparate information.
Der Künstler schafft es, durch seine Werke eine universelle Sprache der Emotionen zu formulieren, die keine Übersetzung benötigt.
The artist manages to formulate a universal language of emotions through his works, which needs no translation.
Creating a universal, non-verbal form of expression.
Die diplomatische Kunst erfordert die Fähigkeit, aus scheinbar unüberwindbaren Gegensätzen einen Konsens zu schaffen.
The art of diplomacy requires the ability to create consensus from seemingly insurmountable differences.
Creating harmony and agreement from conflict.
Es ist eine monumentale Aufgabe, eine Gesellschaft zu schaffen, in der Gerechtigkeit und Gleichheit für alle Bürger gewährleistet sind.
It is a monumental task to create a society in which justice and equality are guaranteed for all citizens.
Creating an ideal societal structure.
Die wissenschaftliche Forschung hat es geschafft, das Rätsel der Genetik weitgehend zu entschlüsseln, doch die Implikationen bleiben Gegenstand intensiver Debatten.
Scientific research has succeeded in largely deciphering the puzzle of genetics, yet the implications remain the subject of intense debate.
Significant scientific accomplishment with ongoing implications.
Der politische Führer strebt danach, eine neue Ära des Wohlstands und der Stabilität zu schaffen.
The political leader strives to create a new era of prosperity and stability.
Creating a new historical period or state of affairs.
Die Fähigkeit, aus der Asche des Krieges eine neue Nation zu schaffen, zeugt von unbezwingbarem menschlichem Geist.
The ability to create a new nation from the ashes of war testifies to an indomitable human spirit.
Rebuilding and creating anew after devastation.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— This is a common exclamation of confidence and determination, meaning 'I can do it!' or 'I will succeed!'
Wenn du zweifelst, sag dir einfach: 'Ich schaffe das!'
— Said when a difficult task or goal has been successfully completed. It's a phrase of relief and triumph.
Nach der langen Reise und dem anstrengenden Projekt sagten wir erleichtert: 'Wir haben es geschafft!'
— This means 'I can't manage that' or 'I won't be able to do it'. It's used to express inability or overwhelm.
Bei so viel Arbeit am Stück sage ich oft: 'Das schaffe ich nicht.'
— This phrase means 'He manages (or doesn't manage) it'. It refers to someone's ability to achieve a particular outcome or deal with a situation.
Er hat sich sehr angestrengt, aber er schafft es einfach nicht, pünktlich zu sein.
— To create or build something for oneself, often implying effort and personal achievement. For example, 'sich ein schönes Leben schaffen' means to build a good life for oneself.
Durch harte Arbeit hat sie sich eine erfolgreiche Karriere geschafft.
— To create something new, to innovate, or to bring something novel into existence.
Die Künstler wollen mit ihrer Ausstellung etwas wirklich Neues schaffen.
— To create a gap or loophole, often in a system, law, or plan.
Das neue Gesetz könnte eine unerwartete Lücke schaffen.
— Literally 'to create the world'. This is most commonly used in a religious context (e.g., God creating the world) or in very grand, philosophical discussions.
Im Schöpfungsbericht heißt es, Gott habe die Welt geschaffen.
— To make an impression, to create a certain effect or image.
Er schafft es, einen sehr professionellen Eindruck zu hinterlassen.
— To lay the foundation for something, to create the basis upon which something else can be built.
Diese Forschung schafft die Grundlage für zukünftige Entdeckungen.
자주 혼동되는 단어
'Machen' is a general verb for 'to do' or 'to make'. While both can relate to actions, 'schaffen' implies accomplishment, overcoming difficulty, or creation, whereas 'machen' is more about the act itself or simple production.
'Erschaffen' also means 'to create', but typically refers to grand, divine, or highly significant acts of creation (e.g., God creating the world). Its past participle is 'geschaffen', which is the same as the past participle of 'schaffen', leading to potential confusion.
'Scheitern' is the direct opposite of 'schaffen' in the sense of succeeding. While 'schaffen' means to succeed, 'scheitern' means to fail.
관용어 및 표현
— To fail to achieve something, to not manage it, to not make it (e.g., to an event or deadline).
Leider habe ich es nicht geschafft, zur Party zu kommen.
Neutral— To create something for oneself, to achieve something through one's own efforts. Often used for building a comfortable life or career.
Er hat sich mit harter Arbeit ein schönes Leben geschafft.
Neutral— To create something lasting or enduring, something that will stand the test of time.
Die Architekten hoffen, ein Gebäude zu schaffen, das Bestand hat.
Formal— It's impossible to do, it cannot be managed or accomplished.
Bei diesem Zeitdruck ist es nicht zu schaffen.
Neutral— To make one's way through something, often with difficulty. Similar to 'sich durchkämpfen'.
Er musste sich durch einen Berg von Papierkram schaffen.
Neutral— To get rid of something, to dispose of it, often something unwanted or burdensome.
Ich muss dieses alte Möbelstück loswerden / mir vom Leibe schaffen.
Informal— To obtain or acquire something for oneself. This usage is less common and can be confused with other meanings.
Er hat sich schnell ein neues Auto geschafft.
Informal/Regional— To burden oneself with work, to take on too much work.
Du schaffst dir zu viel Arbeit auf einmal.
Neutral— A colloquial encouragement, meaning 'Do it!', 'You can do it!', 'Go for it!'.
Du packst das! Schaff es!
Informal— To create a particular atmosphere or environment, often social or emotional.
Die Lehrerin versucht, ein positives Lernklima zu schaffen.
Neutral혼동하기 쉬운
Both verbs relate to performing actions or creating things.
'Schaffen' implies success, accomplishment, or overcoming difficulty. 'Machen' is more general, meaning to do, make, or produce something without necessarily implying a challenge or significant achievement. For example, you 'machen' dinner, but you 'schaffen' a difficult exam.
Ich <strong>mache</strong> einen Kuchen. (I am making a cake - simple action) / Ich <strong>schaffe</strong> die Prüfung. (I will pass the exam - accomplishment)
The past participle 'geschaffen' is identical for both 'schaffen' and 'erschaffen'. 'Erschaffen' also means 'to create'.
'Schaffen' (past participle 'geschafft') is used for everyday accomplishments, managing tasks, and general creation. 'Erschaffen' (past participle 'geschaffen') is typically used for grand, divine, or highly significant acts of creation, like God creating the world or a genius creating a masterpiece. Context is key.
Gott <strong>schuf</strong> die Welt. (God created the world - grand creation) / Ich habe die Präsentation <strong>geschafft</strong>. (I accomplished the presentation - everyday task)
Both imply dealing with something difficult.
'Schaffen' means to manage or accomplish, often implying success after effort. 'Bewältigen' specifically means to cope with, master, or overcome a significant challenge, problem, or task that requires considerable effort and skill. It's a stronger verb for dealing with hardship.
Er <strong>schafft</strong> die Aufgabe. (He manages the task.) / Er <strong>bewältigt</strong> die Krise. (He copes with/masters the crisis.)
Both refer to completing tasks.
'Schaffen' can mean completing a task, but often with an emphasis on the effort or success involved. 'Erledigen' specifically means to get something done, to finish off tasks, errands, or chores in a practical sense, often implying ticking items off a list.
Ich muss die Einkäufe <strong>erledigen</strong>. (I need to get the shopping done - practical task) / Ich muss noch viel <strong>schaffen</strong>. (I still have a lot to accomplish - general workload/tasks)
Both relate to success.
'Schaffen' implies the active effort and agency of the subject in achieving something. 'Gelingen' focuses on the successful outcome of an action, often implying that the success was somewhat fortunate or not entirely dependent on the subject's direct control. It's often used impersonally ('Es gelingt mir').
Ich <strong>schaffe</strong> das Projekt. (I will accomplish the project - my effort) / Das Projekt ist mir <strong>gelungen</strong>. (The project turned out successfully for me - focus on outcome)
문장 패턴
Subject + schaffen + Object
Ich <strong>schaffe</strong> die Aufgabe.
Subject + Modal Verb + ... + schaffen (infinitive)
Wir <strong>können</strong> das Projekt <strong>schaffen</strong>.
Subject + haben + ... + geschafft
Er <strong>hat</strong> die Prüfung <strong>geschafft</strong>.
Es + schaffen + (nicht)
Es <strong>schafft</strong> es nicht pünktlich.
Subject + schaffen + zu + Infinitive
Sie <strong>schafft</strong> es, pünktlich zu sein.
Subject + sich + ... + schaffen
Sie <strong>schafft</strong> sich ein neues Leben.
Subject + schaffen + (infinitive) + als + Noun
Er <strong>schafft</strong> es als Künstler.
Abstract Noun + schaffen: Subject + ... + schaffen + Abstract Noun
Die Politik muss Vertrauen <strong>schaffen</strong>.
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
사용법
Very High
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Using 'machen' instead of 'schaffen' for accomplishments.
→
Ich <strong>schaffe</strong> die Prüfung.
While 'machen' means 'to do', 'schaffen' emphasizes the success and accomplishment of passing a difficult exam. Using 'machen' here would sound less impactful.
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Using the wrong past participle: 'geschaffen' instead of 'geschafft'.
→
Wir haben das Projekt <strong>geschafft</strong>.
'Geschafft' is the past participle of 'schaffen' (to manage/accomplish). 'Geschaffen' is the past participle of 'erschaffen' (to create, often in a grand or divine sense). For everyday tasks, 'geschafft' is correct.
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Incorrect word order with modal verbs.
→
Ich <strong>kann</strong> diese Aufgabe <strong>schaffen</strong>.
When using a modal verb (like 'können'), the infinitive 'schaffen' must go to the end of the sentence. The structure is Subject + Modal Verb + ... + Infinitive.
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Confusing 'schaffen' with 'scheitern'.
→
Ich hoffe, ich <strong>schaffe</strong> die Prüfung.
'Schaffen' means to succeed or accomplish. 'Scheitern' means to fail. These are direct opposites, so using 'scheitern' when you mean 'schaffen' would completely change the meaning.
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Using 'schaffen' for very simple, routine actions.
→
Ich <strong>mache</strong> das Bett.
For simple, everyday actions like making the bed, 'machen' is the more appropriate and natural verb. 'Schaffen' implies a greater degree of effort or accomplishment.
팁
Master the Past Participle
The past participle 'geschafft' is extremely common. Practice forming sentences in the perfect tense using 'haben' and 'geschafft' to talk about completed actions. 'Wir haben die Hausaufgaben geschafft.' is a fundamental sentence to know.
Differentiate from 'machen'
Remember that 'schaffen' implies accomplishment or overcoming difficulty, while 'machen' is more general. If it's a routine task, 'machen' is likely better. If it involves effort and success, 'schaffen' is often more appropriate. Think: 'machen' = do, 'schaffen' = manage/accomplish/create.
Sound it Right
Focus on the 'sch' sound (like 'sh' in 'shoe') and the short 'a' vowel. Stress is always on the first syllable: SCHAF-en. Practicing the pronunciation will help you sound more natural.
Use it Actively
The best way to internalize 'schaffen' is to use it. Try to create your own sentences describing things you need to accomplish, things you have accomplished, or things you want to create. The more you use it, the more natural it will become.
Explore Alternatives
Learn synonyms like 'bewältigen' (to master, overcome) and 'erledigen' (to get done). Understanding these alternatives will allow you to express nuances more precisely and expand your vocabulary.
Learn Common Phrases
Familiarize yourself with common phrases like 'Ich schaffe das!' (I can do it!), 'Wir haben es geschafft!' (We did it!), and 'Das schaffe ich nicht.' (I can't manage that). These are frequently used in everyday German.
Cultural Value
Recognize that 'schaffen' aligns with the German cultural value of diligence and accomplishment. It's a verb that signifies competence and the ability to bring things to fruition.
Modal Verb Placement
When 'schaffen' is used with a modal verb (like 'können' or 'müssen'), remember that 'schaffen' goes to the end of the sentence in its infinitive form. Example: 'Ich muss diese Aufgabe schaffen.'
Create Associations
Use mnemonics or visual associations to remember the meaning. For example, connect 'schaffen' to 'shaping' or 'sculpting' to remember the idea of creating or forming something, and by extension, accomplishing a task.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a sculptor working hard to 'shape' a block of marble into a statue. He has to 'schaffen' (shape/create) it. He hopes he can 'schaffen' (accomplish) the difficult parts and finally 'geschafft' (finished) the masterpiece! The 'sch' sound reminds you of 'sculptor' or 'shape'.
시각적 연상
Visualize a person with a determined face, holding a diploma or a completed project, with a halo of success above their head. They have 'geschafft' it!
Word Web
챌린지
Try to use 'schaffen' in five different sentences today, covering its main meanings: managing a task, accomplishing a goal, and creating something. For example, 'I will schaffen this difficult puzzle.' 'She geschafft her exams.' 'The artist schafft beautiful paintings.'
어원
The word 'schaffen' has a long history in Germanic languages. Its roots can be traced back to Proto-Germanic *skap-. This root is related to words meaning 'to shape', 'to form', and 'to create'. Over time, the meaning evolved from the physical act of shaping to more abstract concepts of accomplishing and creating.
원래 의미: The original meaning was likely 'to shape', 'to form', or 'to fashion', similar to the English word 'shape' or 'scape' (as in landscape). This evolved to include the idea of bringing something into existence through effort.
Germanic문화적 맥락
The word 'schaffen' itself is neutral. However, its usage can be sensitive depending on the context. For example, implying someone *should* be able to 'schaffen' a task when they are clearly struggling could be insensitive. Conversely, acknowledging someone's effort in 'schaffen' a difficult situation is always appreciated.
In English-speaking cultures, while accomplishment is valued, there might be a slightly greater emphasis on work-life balance or acknowledging limitations. The directness of 'schaffen' in implying success through effort aligns well with certain work ethics, but might contrast with more laid-back approaches found elsewhere.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Everyday tasks and personal goals
- Ich schaffe das!
- Das schaffe ich nicht.
- Wir haben es geschafft!
- Kannst du das schaffen?
Work and study
- die Aufgabe schaffen
- die Prüfung schaffen
- das Projekt schaffen
- eine Deadline schaffen
Artistic and creative endeavors
- ein Meisterwerk schaffen
- etwas Neues schaffen
- eine Atmosphäre schaffen
- ein Kunstwerk schaffen
Overcoming challenges
- den Berg schaffen
- die Krise schaffen
- sich durchschaffen
- eine schwierige Zeit schaffen
General achievement and success
- es schaffen
- er hat es geschafft
- sich etwas schaffen
- Erfolg schaffen
대화 시작하기
"What is something you managed to accomplish recently that you are proud of?"
"Do you think it's more important to 'schaffen' (accomplish) many small things or one big thing?"
"What is a challenge you are currently facing that you hope to 'schaffen'?"
"When you hear the word 'schaffen', what is the first image or situation that comes to your mind?"
"How do you motivate yourself when you feel like you can't 'schaffen' a difficult task?"
일기 주제
Describe a time when you thought you couldn't accomplish a task, but you managed to 'schaffen' it. What helped you succeed?
Think about a personal goal you have. How will you 'schaffen' it? Break down the steps involved.
Reflect on the difference between 'machen' (to do) and 'schaffen' (to accomplish). Give examples of when each verb would be most appropriate.
Imagine you are an artist. What kind of masterpiece would you like to 'schaffen'? Describe it.
Write about a situation where you had to 'schaffen' something difficult. What did you learn from the experience?
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문The main difference lies in the implication of difficulty and accomplishment. 'Schaffen' usually implies succeeding in something that might be challenging, managing a task, or creating something significant. 'Machen' is a more general verb for doing or making, used for routine actions and simple creations without the emphasis on overcoming obstacles. For example, you 'machen' a sandwich but 'schaffen' a difficult exam.
The past participle of 'schaffen' is 'geschafft'. It is used with the auxiliary verb 'haben' to form the perfect tense (Perfekt). For example: 'Ich habe die Aufgabe geschafft.'
'Schaffen' is used for general accomplishments, managing tasks, and everyday creation. 'Erschaffen' is used for grand, divine, or highly significant acts of creation, such as God creating the world. Although their past participles are the same ('geschaffen'), the context dictates which verb is appropriate. For everyday tasks, always use 'schaffen' (geschafft).
Yes, 'schaffen' can be used reflexively, most commonly as 'sich etwas schaffen'. This means to create or build something for oneself, often implying personal effort and achievement. For example: 'Er hat sich ein schönes Leben geschafft.'
'Es schaffen' literally translates to 'to manage it' or 'to succeed at it'. It's a very common phrase used to indicate that someone has successfully achieved a goal, overcome a challenge, or managed to do something, often implying a degree of difficulty. For example: 'Sie hat es geschafft, den Marathon zu beenden.'
While 'schaffen' is versatile, it might be too strong or imply too much difficulty for very simple, routine actions where 'machen' is more suitable. Also, using 'geschaffen' (the past participle of 'erschaffen') for everyday accomplishments is incorrect.
When used with modal verbs like 'können' (can), 'müssen' (must), or 'wollen' (want), 'schaffen' is in its infinitive form and is placed at the end of the sentence. For example: 'Ich kann das schaffen.' (I can manage this.)
Common synonyms include 'bewältigen' (to overcome, master), 'erledigen' (to get done, finish), 'vollbringen' (to achieve greatly), and 'machen' (to do/make, but less emphasis on difficulty).
Not always, but it often does. While 'schaffen' can simply mean to accomplish a task, it frequently carries the connotation of having overcome some obstacle or put in significant effort. If an action is very simple and routine, 'machen' might be a better fit.
Yes, 'schaffen' can be used in the passive voice. For example, 'Ein neues System wird hier geschaffen' (A new system is being created here). This usage emphasizes the act of creation or establishment.
셀프 테스트 1 질문
/ 1 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The German verb 'schaffen' is essential for expressing successful completion, accomplishment, and sometimes creation. It implies overcoming challenges and achieving goals, with its past participle 'geschafft' being very common in everyday speech.
- Schaffen means to manage, succeed, accomplish, or create.
- It's used for tasks, goals, and achievements.
- Past participle is 'geschafft' (used with 'haben').
- Often used with modal verbs like 'können' and 'müssen'.
Context is Key
Always pay attention to the context when you encounter 'schaffen'. Is it about completing a difficult task ('Ich schaffe das!'), achieving a goal ('Sie hat ihr Ziel geschafft.'), or creating something ('Der Künstler schafft ein neues Werk.')? The surrounding words will clarify the intended meaning.
Master the Past Participle
The past participle 'geschafft' is extremely common. Practice forming sentences in the perfect tense using 'haben' and 'geschafft' to talk about completed actions. 'Wir haben die Hausaufgaben geschafft.' is a fundamental sentence to know.
Differentiate from 'machen'
Remember that 'schaffen' implies accomplishment or overcoming difficulty, while 'machen' is more general. If it's a routine task, 'machen' is likely better. If it involves effort and success, 'schaffen' is often more appropriate. Think: 'machen' = do, 'schaffen' = manage/accomplish/create.
Sound it Right
Focus on the 'sch' sound (like 'sh' in 'shoe') and the short 'a' vowel. Stress is always on the first syllable: SCHAF-en. Practicing the pronunciation will help you sound more natural.
예시
Das schaffen wir!
관련 콘텐츠
관련 표현
general 관련 단어
ab
A1〜부터. '내일부터 공부할 거야.' (Ab morgen werde ich lernen.)
abends
A2저녁에 / 저녁마다. '저녁에 책을 읽어요.'
aber
A1'aber'는 영어의 'but'에 해당하는 단어로, '하지만' 또는 '그러나'라는 뜻입니다.
abgelegen
B1remote
ablehnen
A2제안이나 초대를 거절하다. 그녀는 그의 초대를 거절했다.
abschließen
A2열쇠로 잠그다. 학업을 마치거나 계약을 체결하다.
abseits
A2abseits는 주요 장소나 평소 다니는 길에서 떨어진 곳에 있다는 뜻이에요.
acht
A1숫자 8 (여덟).
Achte
A1여덟 번째 (서수).
achten
A2주의를 기울이다 (auf와 함께) 또는 존경하다.
