Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Future Perfect Continuous describes an ongoing action that will continue up until a specific point in the future, emphasizing its duration.
- Use 'will have been' plus the '-ing' form of the verb for all subjects.
- Always include a time reference like 'by then' or 'for five hours' to provide context.
- Never use stative verbs like 'know' or 'want' in this continuous form; use Future Perfect instead.
Overview
Future Perfect Continuous (미래완료진행형)은 영어 시제 중에서도 가장 고도의 복합성을 띠는 구조 중 하나입니다. 한국어 화자들에게 이 시제가 어렵게 느껴지는 이유는 한국어에는 '미래'와 '완료'와 '진행'의 개념을 하나의 동사구 안에 응축하여 표현하는 문법적 장치가 없기 때문입니다. 한국어에서는 주로 부사(예: '벌써', '이미')나 문맥을 통해 시점의 전후 관계를 파악하지만, 영어에서는 will have been -ing라는 정교한 구조를 통해 시간의 흐름과 상태의 지속성을 명확히 구분합니다.By next year, I will have been living in Seoul for 10 years.라는 문장은 단순히 '10년 동안 살 것이다'라는 미래형의 의미를 넘어, '10년이라는 기간을 채워가고 있는 상태'라는 '지속성'과 '경험의 축적'을 강조합니다. 한국어의 '살고 있을 것이다'는 미래의 상태를 나타내지만, 영어의 이 시제는 '살아오고 있는 중일 것이다'라는 완료와 진행의 결합을 요구합니다.Future Perfect Continuous는 Future Perfect(will have p.p.)와 Present Continuous(be -ing)의 결합체입니다. 한국어 문법 체계에는 없는 '완료진행'이라는 개념을 이해하기 위해서는 '시간의 선(Timeline)'을 시각화하는 것이 중요합니다.will have been studying은 '과거의 어느 시점부터 시작하여 미래의 특정 시점까지 그 동작을 계속해오고 있는 중일 것'이라는 복합적인 의미를 내포합니다. 한국어의 '주어 + 동사' 구조와 달리, 영어는 will (미래) + have (완료) + been (진행 보조) + verb-ing (본동사)라는 4단계의 층위를 쌓아 올립니다.for나 since와 같은 전치사를 사용하여 동작의 길이를 명시하는 경우가 많습니다. 한국어에서는 '내년이면 10년째 살게 된다'와 같이 '된다'라는 서술어를 써서 미래의 완료 시점을 표현하는데, 영어에서는 will have been -ing를 통해 그 동작의 '진행 상태'를 강조하는 것이 핵심입니다. 이는 단순히 미래의 사실을 전달하는 것이 아니라, 특정 시점까지의 '노력'이나 '경과'를 강조하는 화자의 의도가 담겨 있습니다.have가 has로 변하지 않는다는 점이 중요합니다.I will have been working. |I won't have been working. |Will you have been working? |will 뒤에 have를 고정함으로써 미래 시점에서의 '완료된 상태'를 확보하고, been -ing를 통해 그 상태가 '진행 중'임을 나타냅니다.- 1미래의 특정 시점까지의 누적된 지속 시간을 강조할 때:
By the time you finish your project, I will have been coding for 10 hours.(10시간이라는 누적된 노력을 강조) - 2미래의 상태에 대한 원인을 설명할 때:
She will be exhausted because she will have been traveling for 24 hours.(피로의 원인이 되는 지속된 여행 상태를 설명) - 3가정법적 미래 상황:
If they don't stop, they will have been arguing for three days straight.(가정된 미래 상황에서의 지속성 강조)
- 1상태 동사와의 결합: 한국어 화자들은 '알고 있다', '소유하고 있다'를 진행형으로 쓰는 것에 익숙하지 않지만, 영어에서도
know,own,believe같은 상태 동사는 진행형을 쓰지 않습니다.I will have been knowing him for 5 years는 틀린 문장입니다. 이는 상태 동사가 동작의 시작과 끝이 명확한 '과정'이 아니기 때문입니다. - 2완료 시제와 진행 시제의 혼동: 한국어 '벌써 ~하고 있을 것이다'를
will be -ing로만 표현하려는 경향이 있습니다. 이는Future Continuous와Future Perfect Continuous를 혼동하는 것입니다.will be working은 단순히 미래의 진행이며,will have been working은 기간의 축적이 포함되어야 합니다. - 3
have를has로 착각: 한국어 화자들은 3인칭 단수 주어 뒤에has를 쓰는 습관이 강합니다. 하지만will뒤에는 항상have가 와야 합니다.She will has been...은 매우 흔하지만 치명적인 문법 오류입니다.
will be -ing | 미래의 특정 시점에 진행 중인 동작 |will have p.p. | 미래의 특정 시점에 완료된 결과 |will have been -ing | 미래의 특정 시점까지 계속되어 온 동작의 누적 |will have been -ing 대신 will be -ing를 써도 되나요?will be -ing는 단순히 미래의 한 시점에 무엇을 하고 있을지 말하지만, will have been -ing는 그 시점까지 '얼마나 오래' 해왔는지를 강조합니다.has를 쓰면 안 되나요?will은 조동사입니다. 조동사 뒤에는 항상 동사원형이 와야 하므로 have가 필수적입니다.Conjugating 'To Work' in Future Perfect Continuous
| Subject | Auxiliary | Perfect/Continuous Markers | Verb Form |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
will
|
have been
|
working
|
|
You
|
will
|
have been
|
working
|
|
He/She/It
|
will
|
have been
|
working
|
|
We
|
will
|
have been
|
working
|
|
They
|
will
|
have been
|
working
|
|
I (Negative)
|
will not (won't)
|
have been
|
working
|
|
He (Question)
|
Will [he]
|
have been
|
working?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Pronunciation Hint |
|---|---|---|
|
I will have been
|
I'll've been
|
Ayl-uv-bin
|
|
You will have been
|
You'll've been
|
Yool-uv-bin
|
|
He will have been
|
He'll've been
|
Heel-uv-bin
|
|
They will have been
|
They'll've been
|
Thayl-uv-bin
|
|
Will not have been
|
Won't've been
|
Wont-uv-bin
|
Meanings
Used to project ourselves forward in time and look back at the duration of an activity that is still in progress at that future point.
Duration up to a future point
Emphasizing how long an action has been happening before a specific deadline or event in the future.
“By the time the guests arrive, she will have been cooking for six hours.”
“In December, they will have been dating for five years.”
Cause of a future result
Using the duration of a future action to explain a future state or result.
“I'll be exhausted when I see you because I will have been driving all day.”
“Her English will be perfect because she will have been studying in Oxford for two years.”
Interrupted future action
Describing an ongoing future action that is interrupted by another shorter action.
“Will you have been sleeping for long when the alarm goes off?”
“They will have been playing for hours by the time we join them.”
Reference Table
| 주요 기능 | 구조 | 예시 | 강조 포인트 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
미래 시점 이전의 지속 기간
|
`will have been + V-ing`
|
By 5 PM, she will have been studying for three hours.
|
5시까지의 공부 시간
|
|
미래의 원인 및 결과
|
`will have been + V-ing`
|
He'll be tired because he will have been jogging all morning.
|
피곤함의 원인 (조깅)
|
|
지속 중인 활동 예측
|
`will have been + V-ing`
|
They will have been traveling for days when they arrive.
|
도착 시점까지의 여행 기간
|
|
부정형 (부정 표현)
|
`won't have been + V-ing`
|
She won't have been sleeping much by then.
|
미래 시점의 지속성 부정
|
|
의문형 (질문)
|
`Will + S + have been + V-ing?`
|
Will you have been waiting long?
|
미래의 지속 기간 확인
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
By the conclusion of this fiscal year, I shall have been serving as Director for a decade. (Work anniversary)
By the end of the year, I will have been working as Director for ten years. (Work anniversary)
I'll have been the boss here for ten years come December. (Work anniversary)
I'll have been running this show for ten years straight by New Year's. (Work anniversary)
미래완료진행형: 기간의 여정
핵심 아이디어
- 지속 기간 How long?
- 미래의 한 점 By when?
문장 구성
- Will 미래 조동사
- Have Been 완료진행 조동사
- Verb-ing 현재분사
주요 용도
- 원인/결과 Future reason
- 예측 Ongoing activity
주의사항
- 상태 동사 Avoid continuous
- 완료 vs 기간 FPC vs. FPS
미래 시제 비교: 진행 vs 완료 vs 완료진행
나에게 맞는 미래 시제 찾기 플로우차트
미래의 특정 시점에 동작이 진행 중인가요?
미래의 특정 시점까지 일이 완료되나요?
미래의 시점까지 그 일이 '얼마나 오래' 지속되었는지를 강조하고 싶나요?
미래완료진행형: 맥락과 힌트
시간 마커
- • By next week
- • When you arrive
- • For X hours
- • Since X date
표현되는 감정
- • 피로함
- • 기대감
- • 안도감
- • 조급함
활용 상황
- • 장기 프로젝트
- • 기다리는 상황
- • 기술 숙련도
- • 미래의 습관
사용 금지
- • 상태 동사
- • 순간적인 동작
- • 단순 완료 사실
수준별 예문
By next year, I will have been living here for a long time.
By next year, I will have been living here for a long time.
In June, she will have been working for two months.
In June, she will have been working for two months.
By 6 PM, they will have been playing for one hour.
By 6 PM, they will have been playing for one hour.
Will you have been waiting for long?
Will you have been waiting for long?
By the time you wake up, I will have been driving for hours.
By the time you wake up, I will have been driving for hours.
She won't have been studying for long when the test starts.
She won't have been studying for long when the test starts.
How long will they have been traveling by next week?
How long will they have been traveling by next week?
By dinner, we will have been cooking for three hours.
By dinner, we will have been cooking for three hours.
By the end of the semester, I will have been attending this course for fifteen weeks.
By the end of the semester, I will have been attending this course for fifteen weeks.
They will have been renovating the house for a year by the time they move in.
They will have been renovating the house for a year by the time they move in.
Will the team have been practicing enough before the big game?
Will the team have been practicing enough before the big game?
I won't have been living in this city for very long when I start my new job.
I won't have been living in this city for very long when I start my new job.
By the time the sun sets, the hikers will have been climbing for over eight hours.
By the time the sun sets, the hikers will have been climbing for over eight hours.
She will have been practicing the piano for a decade by her next recital.
She will have been practicing the piano for a decade by her next recital.
Will you have been working on that project for long when the deadline arrives?
Will you have been working on that project for long when the deadline arrives?
The researchers will have been collecting data for months before they publish the results.
The researchers will have been collecting data for months before they publish the results.
By the time the treaty is signed, the diplomats will have been negotiating for nearly three years.
By the time the treaty is signed, the diplomats will have been negotiating for nearly three years.
The engine will have been running for several hours by the time we reach the border.
The engine will have been running for several hours by the time we reach the border.
I suspect they will have been anticipating this announcement for quite some time.
I suspect they will have been anticipating this announcement for quite some time.
Won't you have been feeling a bit overwhelmed by the time the conference concludes?
Won't you have been feeling a bit overwhelmed by the time the conference concludes?
By the time the spacecraft reaches Mars, it will have been hurtling through the void for seven months.
By the time the spacecraft reaches Mars, it will have been hurtling through the void for seven months.
The philosopher will have been contemplating the nature of existence for half a century by the time his magnum opus is released.
The philosopher will have been contemplating the nature of existence for half a century by the time his magnum opus is released.
Should the strike continue, the factory will have been standing idle for the better part of a year.
Should the strike continue, the factory will have been standing idle for the better part of a year.
By the time the jury returns a verdict, the defendant will have been languishing in uncertainty for weeks.
By the time the jury returns a verdict, the defendant will have been languishing in uncertainty for weeks.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners mix up completion and duration. They use Simple when they want to emphasize the 'how long'.
Both describe ongoing actions in the future, but one measures from a start point.
Learners use this when they should project into the future.
자주 하는 실수
I will been working.
I will have been working.
I will have being working.
I will have been working.
By tomorrow, I will working.
By tomorrow, I will have been working.
I will have been work.
I will have been working.
By the time he will come, I will have been waiting.
By the time he comes, I will have been waiting.
She will has been studying.
She will have been studying.
Will have you been waiting?
Will you have been waiting?
I will have been knowing her for years.
I will have known her for years.
By next year, I will have been being a teacher.
By next year, I will have been a teacher.
I will have been working since 5 hours.
I will have been working for 5 hours.
By the time the sun will have set, we will have been driving.
By the time the sun sets, we will have been driving.
I will have been finishing the book by then.
I will have finished the book by then.
They will have been wanting to leave.
They will have wanted to leave.
문장 패턴
By the time ___, I will have been ___ for ___.
In ___, they will have been ___ since ___.
Will you have been ___ for long when ___?
She won't have been ___ for more than ___ by ___.
Real World Usage
By next July, I will have been working in project management for a decade.
By tonight, we will have been married for fifty years!
By the time we land, we will have been flying for fifteen hours.
The sample will have been incubating for 48 hours by the time we check it.
By the end of this workout, I'll have been lifting for two hours straight! #beastmode
By the time the bridge opens, they will have been building it for five years.
'By'와 'For'를 찾아보세요!
By 2025, she will have been living in London for a decade.
상태 동사(Stative Verbs) 주의보!
By graduation, I will have known him for four years.
'미래의 피로감'을 상상해 보세요
원어민 같은 고급스러운 느낌
The team will have been researching this for years by the time they find a cure.
결과보다는 '과정'이 중요해요
By the end of the flight, we will have been traveling for 15 hours.
Smart Tips
Use the Future Perfect Continuous to emphasize your patience.
Use this tense to project your experience into the future for a potential employer.
Check if there is a 'have been' in the middle. If not, it's just Future Continuous.
Freeze! Don't use 'will' in that specific part of the sentence.
발음
The 'Have' Reduction
In natural speech, 'have' is reduced to a short /əv/ sound, often sounding like 'of'.
The 'Been' Reduction
The word 'been' is usually unstressed and pronounced with a short /ɪ/ like 'bin'.
Contraction Stress
The stress usually falls on the main verb (-ing), not the auxiliaries.
Emphasis on Duration
I will have been waiting for FIVE hours! (Rising intonation on 'five')
Expressing frustration or highlighting the length of time.
암기하기
기억법
W.H.B.I: Will Have Been -Ing. Think: 'Will He Be Interesting?' to remember the order.
시각적 연상
Imagine a long, glowing bridge stretching from today into next year. On the bridge, you are running. At the end of the bridge is a giant clock. The bridge is the 'duration', and the clock is the 'future point'.
Rhyme
By the time the clock strikes ten, I will have been working since way back when.
Story
A marathon runner is training. By the time the race starts in November, she will have been training for six months. She will have been running 50 miles a week. This story links the future event (the race) with the long effort leading up to it.
Word Web
챌린지
Look at your watch. Imagine it is 5 hours from now. Write one sentence about what you will have been doing for those 5 hours.
문화 노트
This tense is often used to politely emphasize one's effort or patience in professional settings.
The use of 'shall' instead of 'will' is still occasionally found in very formal British legal or academic writing, though it's fading.
Americans often simplify this to the Future Continuous or Future Perfect Simple in casual speech, reserving the Continuous Perfect for high emphasis.
The English perfect continuous is a relatively late development in the Germanic family, evolving from the need to express both aspect (ongoingness) and tense (time).
대화 시작하기
By the end of this year, how long will you have been studying English?
If you stay in your current job for another two years, how long will you have been working there in total?
By the time you go to bed tonight, what will you have been doing all day?
Imagine your dream vacation. By the time it ends, how long will you have been traveling?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesBy next month, I ___ (live) in this apartment for exactly three years.
Select the correct option:
Find and fix the mistake:
By the end of the day, he will have been knowing the truth for five hours.
I started studying at 2 PM. It is now 4 PM. By 5 PM, how long is the duration?
You can use the Future Perfect Continuous with the verb 'to be'.
A: You look like you'll be exhausted tomorrow. B: I will! By the time I see you, I ___ all night.
Select the stative verb:
Match the following:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesScore: /13
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
It is less common than the `Future Simple`, but very common when people talk about work milestones, anniversaries, or travel durations. It adds a specific 'flavor' of duration that other tenses lack.
Yes, but only with 'I' or 'We' (e.g., `I shall have been working`). It sounds very formal and is mostly used in British English or legal documents.
The `Future Continuous` (`I will be working`) just means you are in the middle of an action at a future time. The `Future Perfect Continuous` (`I will have been working for 2 hours`) measures how long that action has been happening.
Because `know` is a stative verb. Stative verbs describe states, not actions, so they don't have a 'continuous' aspect. Use `I will have known` instead.
Almost always. Without a duration marker, the tense feels 'empty' because its primary purpose is to measure time.
Technically yes (`The car will have been being repaired`), but it is so clumsy that even native speakers avoid it. Use the `Future Perfect Simple Passive` instead.
The sentence becomes ungrammatical. `I will have working` doesn't exist in English. You need the `been` to link the perfect and continuous aspects.
No, you can use 'When', 'By [Date]', 'In [Duration]', or 'Before'. Just remember the Present Simple rule for the 'When/Before' clauses!
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Habrá estado trabajando
Spanish often uses 'llevar' to express duration instead of the perfect continuous.
Futur Antérieur + en train de
French focuses on completion rather than duration in the future.
Futur II
German uses the present tense for future duration: 'Nächstes Jahr arbeite ich hier schon zehn Jahre'.
~te iru koto ni naru
Japanese relies on context and time adverbs rather than complex verb conjugation.
sa-yakunu qad istamarra
Arabic uses a 'particle + auxiliary' system that is structurally distinct from English.
yǐjīng ... le
Chinese is an isolating language; it uses zero verb changes.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
04:54 Billie Eilish - THE GREATEST (Isolated Vocals)
04:00 "Stay Out Of My Territory" | Over | Breaking Bad
17:47 All 8 Harry Potter Movies - Just The Spells
미래완료 vs 미래완료진행, 뉘앙스 차이 완벽 정리
Grammar in Use Korea
원어민이 미래완료진행형을 쓰는 진짜 이유
English with Lucy (Korean Sub)
미래완료진행 vs 미래완료, 한 번에 정리하기!
Grammar Hunter
Related Grammar Rules
현재완료: 미국 vs 영국 (I've done vs I did)
Overview 영어 교과서한테 속은 것 같은 기분, 느껴본 적 있나요? 수업 시간에는 규칙을 배웠는데, 캘리포니아 브이로거는 그걸...
Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction (Turn On, Give Up, Look After)
## Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction A **phrasal verb** = verb + particle (up, on, off, out, in, away...) The combination...
인생 경험: Ever와 Never를 사용한 현재완료
### Overview 'Life Experiences: Present Perfect with Ever and Never'는 지금까지 살아오면서 어떤 경험을 해본 적이 있는지...
미래 진행형 (will be -ing)
### Overview **미래 진행 시제 (Future Continuous)**, 또는 **미래 진행형**이라고도 불리는 이 시제는 미래의 특정 시점에 *...
영어 현재완료: 과거를 현재와 연결하기 (기본 형태)
Overview 방에 들어갔는데 왜 들어갔는지 완전히 까먹은 적 있나요? 우리 모두 그런 적 있죠. 과거의 행동이 현재 순간에 불쑥...
