Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the base form of a verb to talk about your daily habits and things that are always true.
- Use the verb as-is for I, You, We, and They (e.g., 'I eat').
- Add an -s or -es for He, She, and It (e.g., 'She eats').
- Use 'do' or 'does' to make questions and 'not' sentences.
Overview
I go라고 말하지만 그는 he goes라고 말하는 것을 알아차린 적이 있나요? 이것은 당신의 문자 메시지에 있는 오타가 아닙니다. 이것은 영어에서 가장 처음 배우는 가장 중요한 패턴 중 하나입니다.go, come, eat, drink라는 매우 흔한 네 가지 동사에 집중할 것입니다. 이것들을 마스터하면 당신은 제대로 가고 있는 것입니다.I drink coffee every morning처럼 정기적으로 하는 것입니다.The sun comes up in the east처럼 항상 사실인 것입니다. 일정은 The train goes to London at 5 PM처럼 정해진 계획입니다. 핵심 아이디어는 행동이 규칙적이거나 영구적이라는 것입니다.I eat pizza(나는 그것을 좋아하고 가끔 먹는다)와 I am eating pizza(지금 내 입 안에 있어서, 말 걸지 마세요)의 차이입니다.How This Grammar Works
go, come, eat, drink입니다. 마법 같은 트릭, 혹은 아마도 성가신 부분은 당신이 다른 누군가에 대해 단수로 이야기할 때 일어납니다.I, you, we, they에 대해서는 그냥 기본 동사를 사용합니다. 변화가 없습니다. 쉽죠!I go, You eat, We come, They drink. 하지만 he, she, it(그리고 my friend나 the cat과 같은 단수 사람이나 사물)에 대해서는 -s나 -es를 붙여야 합니다. 그래서, he goes, she eats, it comes가 됩니다.-s는 듣는 사람에게 당신이 현재의 단수 사람이나 사물에 대해 이야기하고 있다는 큰 신호입니다. 작게 느껴지지만, 그것을 빼먹는 것은 학습자들이 하는 가장 흔한 실수 중 하나입니다. 제대로 하면 훨씬 더 발전된 것처럼 들릴 것입니다.
Formation Pattern
I, you, my brother, the students.
he, she, it 또는 단수 사람/사물인가요? 그렇다면 -s를 추가할 준비를 하세요.
I, you, we, they의 경우: 기본 동사를 사용하세요. I eat apples. They go to the gym.
he, she, it의 경우: 동사에 -s 또는 -es를 추가하세요. She eats apples. He goes to the gym.
When To Use It
- 매일의 루틴 & 습관: 이것이 1번 사용법입니다. 당신의 매일의 반복되는 일은 무엇인가요?
I check my email when I wake up.She goes for a run after work.We eat dinner and watch Netflix.당신이 몇 번이고 반복해서 하는 모든 것. - 일반적인 진실 & 사실: 그냥 사실인 것들.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.The earth goes around the sun.Cats eat mice.당신은 이것들에 대해 논쟁할 수 없으므로, 단순 현재를 사용합니다. - 예정된 미래의 사건: 이것은 좀 이상하게 느껴지지만, 우리는 시간표에 이것을 사용합니다.
My flight leaves at 6 AM tomorrow.The movie starts at 9:30.그 사건은 너무나 확정적이고 확실해서 사실과 같습니다. 당신은 기차역 표지판이나 행사 일정에서 이것을 볼 수 있을 것입니다.
Common Mistakes
-s 잊어버리기: 고전적인 실수. My friend live in London. ✗
My friend lives in London. ✓
-s 사용하기: They goes to the same school. ✗
They go to the same school. ✓
I am drinking coffee every morning. ✗
I drink coffee every morning. ✓ am drinking은 지금 당장을 위한 것입니다. drink는 습관을 위한 것입니다.
I no go to work. ✗
I don't go to work. ✓ 부정을 만들기 위해서는 조동사 do/does가 필요합니다.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
be + 동사-ing)입니다.- 단순 현재: 영구적인 상황과 습관을 위해.
I live in New York. - 현재 진행형: 일시적인 상황과 지금 일어나고 있는 행동을 위해.
I'm living in New York for the summer.
Quick FAQ
그럼 지금 일어나고 있는 일에는 단순 현재를 절대 사용하지 않나요?
*행동*에 대해서는 거의 사용하지 않습니다. 하지만 마음의 상태에 대해서는, 네. I understand now.
질문은요?
부정과 마찬가지로, do나 does가 필요합니다. Do you drink coffee? Does she go to this school?
-s를 붙이는 것이 정말 그렇게 중요한가요?
솔직히, 네. 그것은 비원어민 화자를 가장 명확하게 보여주는 표시 중 하나입니다. 제대로 하는 것은 유창하게 들리기 위한 핵심 단계입니다.
Present Simple Conjugation (Action Verbs)
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
work
|
do not work
|
Do I work?
|
|
You
|
work
|
do not work
|
Do you work?
|
|
He
|
works
|
does not work
|
Does he work?
|
|
She
|
works
|
does not work
|
Does she work?
|
|
It
|
works
|
does not work
|
Does it work?
|
|
We
|
work
|
do not work
|
Do we work?
|
|
They
|
work
|
do not work
|
Do they work?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Short Form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
do not
|
don't
|
I/You/We/They
|
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
He/She/It
|
Meanings
The Present Simple is used to describe habits, unchanging situations, general truths, and fixed arrangements.
Daily Habits
Actions that happen regularly or repeatedly.
“I walk to work.”
“They play soccer on Sundays.”
General Truths
Facts that are always true or scientific laws.
“The sun rises in the east.”
“Water boils at 100 degrees.”
Permanent States
Situations that are expected to last a long time.
“I live in London.”
“She works at a bank.”
Reference Table
| 주어 (Subject) | 동사 형태 (Verb Form) | 예시 (Example) |
|---|---|---|
|
I (나)
|
기본형 (go)
|
"I go to class."
|
|
You (너)
|
기본형 (eat)
|
"You eat lunch."
|
|
We (우리)
|
기본형 (study)
|
"We study together."
|
|
They (그들)
|
기본형 (play)
|
"They play soccer."
|
|
He (그)
|
동사 + s/es (goes)
|
"He goes to work."
|
|
She (그녀)
|
동사 + s/es (eats)
|
"She eats dinner."
|
|
It (그것)
|
동사 + s/es (rains)
|
"It rains often."
|
|
My dog (내 강아지)
|
동사 + s/es (eats)
|
"My dog eats."
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
I reside in the city of New York. (Living situation)
I live in New York. (Living situation)
I'm in NYC. (Living situation)
I reppin' New York. (Living situation)
기초 동작 동사: 누가 무엇을 할까?
기본 동사를 쓰는 주어
- I I eat.
- You You read.
- We We play.
- They They sleep.
동사에 's/es'를 붙이는 주어
- He He eats.
- She She reads.
- It It plays.
- The dog The dog sleeps.
동사 형태: 기본형 vs S/ES
올바른 동사 형태 고르기
주어가 누구인가요?
주어가 'I', 'You', 'We', 'They' 또는 복수인가요?
주어가 'He', 'She', 'It' 또는 단수인가요?
일상적인 동작들
나의 하루
- • I wake up.
- • I drink coffee.
- • I go to work.
- • I eat lunch.
다른 사람들
- • He studies.
- • She plays games.
- • They chat online.
- • We talk.
세상의 진리
- • The sun rises.
- • Water boils.
- • Birds fly.
- • It rains.
수준별 예문
I drink water.
You speak English.
She eats an apple.
They go to school.
He doesn't like milk.
Do you live in a house?
We always watch TV at night.
The bus stops here every hour.
I believe you are right.
The train leaves at 9 PM tomorrow.
Does she know the answer?
It rarely snows in this city.
If he finishes early, he joins us.
The author argues that peace is possible.
I suggest that you arrive on time.
Smith passes to Jones, and Jones scores!
I hereby resign from my position.
So, this guy walks into a bar...
The law states that all citizens are equal.
I forget, what was your name again?
The painting captures the essence of grief.
Whatever he says, she ignores him.
I assume you've already heard the news.
The mechanism functions by rotating the gear.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'I am going' for habits instead of 'I go'.
Learners combine 'am/is/are' with action verbs.
Learners forget that 'have' changes to 'has' for he/she/it.
자주 하는 실수
I am work in London.
I work in London.
He like pizza.
He likes pizza.
You goes to school.
You go to school.
I no like coffee.
I don't like coffee.
Does she likes music?
Does she like music?
He don't play soccer.
He doesn't play soccer.
I always am happy.
I am always happy.
I am knowing the answer.
I know the answer.
The sun is rising in the east.
The sun rises in the east.
I work here since 2010.
I have worked here since 2010.
I suggest him to go.
I suggest that he go / he goes.
문장 패턴
I ___ every day.
She doesn't ___.
Do you ___?
My father ___ at ___.
Real World Usage
I love travel and I live in Tokyo.
I manage a team of five people.
I don't eat onions, please.
The flight arrives at gate 4.
Do you want to grab pizza?
My head hurts when I walk.
'S' 소리에 귀를 기울여 보세요!
She eats bread.'To Be' 동사와 섞지 마세요
I eat이 맞고, I am eat은 틀린 표현이에요! I eat breakfast.'He/She/It = -s' 공식을 기억하세요
He plays soccer.맥락이 가장 중요해요
He goes to the gym.
플래시카드로 연습해 보세요
They play soccer.Smart Tips
Check for the 'S'! Always ask yourself: Is it one person? Then add the 'S'.
Start with 'Do' or 'Does'. It's like a signal light for the listener that a question is coming.
Keep the next verb 'naked' (no -s, no -ing, no -ed).
Put these words BEFORE the action verb.
발음
The three sounds of -S
The -s ending can sound like /s/, /z/, or /iz/.
Do-support reduction
In fast speech, 'Do you' often sounds like 'D'ya'.
Yes/No Question
Do you like coffee? ↗
Rising intonation at the end of the question.
Statement
I like coffee. ↘
Falling intonation at the end of a fact.
암기하기
기억법
He, She, It, the 'S' must fit!
시각적 연상
Imagine the letters H, S, and I (He, She, It) wearing a giant cape with a letter 'S' on it like a superhero.
Rhyme
I go, you go, we go too. But he goes, she goes, yes they do!
Story
A man named 'He' and a woman named 'She' are obsessed with the letter S. They only like things that end in S: he eatS, she sleepS, he runS. Everyone else in the village is normal and doesn't use the S.
Word Web
챌린지
Write down 5 things you do every single morning using 'I'. Then, change them to 'My friend' and add the 's'!
문화 노트
Using the Present Simple for habits is seen as being direct and clear. It is the standard for introducing yourself.
Often uses 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present simple for possession.
Strictly uses 'do' for questions and negatives more consistently than some regional dialects.
The Present Simple comes from Germanic roots where verbs had complex endings. Over centuries, English dropped most of these endings, leaving only the 's'.
대화 시작하기
What do you do every morning?
Where do you live?
What kind of music do you like?
How do you get to work?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
We ___ English lessons every Tuesday.
Find and fix the mistake:
My brother like pizza.
Translate into English: 'Ella trabaja en un café.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesShe ___ in a hospital.
___ coffee.
Find and fix the mistake:
Do he play soccer?
like / they / pizza / don't
I / He / They
We ___ to the gym every day.
Select the fact.
Find and fix the mistake:
She watch TV.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI ___ to music when I study.
He ___ a lot of questions in class.
We watches movies on Fridays.
My sister study Spanish.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ellos viven en una ciudad grande.'
Translate into English: 'Ella enseña inglés.'
단어들을 순서대로 배열하세요:
단어들을 순서대로 배열하세요:
주어에 알맞은 'drink'의 형태를 연결하세요:
주어에 알맞은 'go'의 형태를 연결하세요:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
This is a rule from old English. The 's' is only for the third person singular (He, She, It).
Usually, no. For things happening right now, we use the Present Continuous (I am going). Use Present Simple for habits.
If there is a consonant before 'y', change 'y' to 'i' and add 'es' (studies). If there is a vowel, just add 's' (plays).
Yes, for action verbs. You can't just say 'You like coffee?'. You must say 'Do you like coffee?'.
Yes. 'Don't' is the contraction. It is very common in speaking. 'Do not' is more formal.
Because the 's' moved to the word 'do' to make it 'does'. You only need one 's' per sentence!
These are verbs like 'love', 'know', and 'want'. They usually stay in the Present Simple even if they are happening now.
You can use it for fixed schedules, like 'The movie starts at 8 PM'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente de Indicativo
English is much simpler with only two forms (go/goes).
Présent
French requires subject pronouns just like English, but has more conjugation.
Präsens
German verbs change for almost every person (gehe, gehst, geht).
Non-past tense
Japanese has no 's' for third person, but changes based on politeness.
Al-Mudari' (المضارع)
Arabic conjugation is much more complex and gendered.
No specific tense
English conjugation (the 's') is often the hardest part for Chinese speakers.
