Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the base form of a verb to talk about your daily habits and things that are always true.
- Use the verb as-is for I, You, We, and They (e.g., 'I eat').
- Add an -s or -es for He, She, and It (e.g., 'She eats').
- Use 'do' or 'does' to make questions and 'not' sentences.
Overview
I goと言うのに、彼がhe goesと言うのに気づいたことはありますか？これはテキストメッセージのタイプミスではありません。これは英語で最初にして最も重要なパターンの1つです。あなたがすること、真実なこと、そしてあなたのスケジュールにあることについて話すためのものです。これを、あなたが言うであろう他のほとんどすべてのことの基礎と考えてください。これを正しく理解すると、古いほこりっぽい文法書を読んでいるようではなく、自然に聞こえます。私たちは、go、come、eat、drinkという4つの非常に一般的な動詞に焦点を当てます。これらをマスターすれば、あなたは正しい道を歩んでいます。I drink coffee every morningのように、定期的に行うことです。事実とは、The sun comes up in the eastのように、常に真実であることです。スケジュールとは、The train goes to London at 5 PMのように、固定された計画です。中心的な考えは、行動が規則的または永続的であるということです。私たちは*今この瞬間*に起こっていることについて話しているのではなく、一般的に起こることについて話しています。これは、I eat pizza（私はそれが好きで時々食べる）とI am eating pizza（今口の中にあります、話しかけないでください）の違いです。How This Grammar Works
go、come、eat、drinkです。魔法のトリック、あるいはおそらく厄介な部分は、他の誰かについて単数形で話すときに起こります。I、you、we、theyについては、動詞の原形を使用するだけです。変更はありません。簡単です！I go、You eat、We come、They drink。しかし、he、she、またはit（そしてmy friendやthe catのような単一の人物や物）については、-sまたは-esを追加する必要があります。したがって、he goes、she eats、it comesとなります。その小さな-sは、聞き手に対して、あなたが現在、単一の人物や物について話しているという大きな合図です。それは小さく感じられますが、それを省略することは学習者にとって最も一般的な間違いの1つです。正しく使えば、あなたははるかに上級に聞こえます。
Formation Pattern
I, you, my brother, the students.
he, she, it、または単一の人物/物ですか？もしそうなら、-sを追加する準備をしてください。
I, you, we, theyの場合：動詞の原形を使用します。I eat apples. They go to the gym.
he, she, itの場合：動詞に-sまたは-esを追加します。She eats apples. He goes to the gym.
When To Use It
- 日常のルーティンと習慣： これがNo.1の用途です。あなたの毎日の決まりごとは何ですか？
I check my email when I wake up.She goes for a run after work.We eat dinner and watch Netflix.何度も何度も行うことです。 - 一般的な真実と事実： ただ真実であること。
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.The earth goes around the sun.Cats eat mice.これらに異議を唱えることはできないので、単純現在形を使用します。 - スケジュールされた未来のイベント： これは少し奇妙に感じますが、時刻表に使用します。
My flight leaves at 6 AM tomorrow.The movie starts at 9:30.イベントは非常に固定されて確実なので、事実のようです。駅の標識やイベントのスケジュールでこれを見ることができます。
Common Mistakes
-sを忘れる： 古典的な間違い。My friend live in London. ✗
My friend lives in London. ✓
-sを使用する： They goes to the same school. ✗
They go to the same school. ✓
I am drinking coffee every morning. ✗
I drink coffee every morning. ✓ am drinkingは今のため。drinkは習慣のため。
I no go to work. ✗
I don't go to work. ✓否定を作るには助動詞do/doesが必要です。
Contrast With Similar Patterns
be + 動詞-ing）です。- 単純現在形： 永続的な状況と習慣のために。
I live in New York. - 現在進行形： 一時的な状況と今起こっている行動のために。
I'm living in New York for the summer.
Quick FAQ
では、今起こっていることには単純現在形を絶対に使わないのですか？
*行動*にはほとんどありません。しかし、心の状態には、はい。I understand now.
質問についてはどうですか？
否定と同じように、doまたはdoesが必要です。Do you drink coffee? Does she go to this school?
-sを追加することは本当にそんなに重要ですか？
正直なところ、はい。これは非ネイティブスピーカーの最も明確なマーカーの1つです。正しく使えるようになることは、流暢に聞こえるための重要なステップです。
Present Simple Conjugation (Action Verbs)
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
work
|
do not work
|
Do I work?
|
|
You
|
work
|
do not work
|
Do you work?
|
|
He
|
works
|
does not work
|
Does he work?
|
|
She
|
works
|
does not work
|
Does she work?
|
|
It
|
works
|
does not work
|
Does it work?
|
|
We
|
work
|
do not work
|
Do we work?
|
|
They
|
work
|
do not work
|
Do they work?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Short Form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
do not
|
don't
|
I/You/We/They
|
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
He/She/It
|
Meanings
The Present Simple is used to describe habits, unchanging situations, general truths, and fixed arrangements.
Daily Habits
Actions that happen regularly or repeatedly.
“I walk to work.”
“They play soccer on Sundays.”
General Truths
Facts that are always true or scientific laws.
“The sun rises in the east.”
“Water boils at 100 degrees.”
Permanent States
Situations that are expected to last a long time.
“I live in London.”
“She works at a bank.”
Reference Table
| 主語 (Subject) | 動詞の形 (Verb Form) | 例文 (Example) |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
基本の形 (go)
|
"I go to class."
|
|
You
|
基本の形 (eat)
|
"You eat lunch."
|
|
We
|
基本の形 (study)
|
"We study together."
|
|
They
|
基本の形 (play)
|
"They play soccer."
|
|
He
|
動詞 + s/es (goes)
|
"He goes to work."
|
|
She
|
動詞 + s/es (eats)
|
"She eats dinner."
|
|
It
|
動詞 + s/es (rains)
|
"It rains often in London."
|
|
My dog
|
動詞 + s/es (eats)
|
"My dog eats his food."
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I reside in the city of New York. (Living situation)
I live in New York. (Living situation)
I'm in NYC. (Living situation)
I reppin' New York. (Living situation)
基本の動詞：誰が何をする？
そのままの形を使う主語
- I I eat.
- You You read.
- We We play.
- They They sleep.
動詞に 's/es' をつける主語
- He He eats.
- She She reads.
- It It plays.
- The dog The dog sleeps.
動詞の形：基本形 vs S/ES
正しい動詞の形を選ぶステップ
主語はだれ？
主語は 'I', 'You', 'We', 'They' または複数？
主語は 'He', 'She', 'It' または単数？
日常の動作
私の1日
- • I wake up.
- • I drink coffee.
- • I go to work.
- • I eat lunch.
他の人たち
- • He studies.
- • She plays games.
- • They chat online.
- • We talk.
世界の事実
- • The sun rises.
- • Water boils.
- • Birds fly.
- • It rains.
レベル別の例文
I drink water.
You speak English.
She eats an apple.
They go to school.
He doesn't like milk.
Do you live in a house?
We always watch TV at night.
The bus stops here every hour.
I believe you are right.
The train leaves at 9 PM tomorrow.
Does she know the answer?
It rarely snows in this city.
If he finishes early, he joins us.
The author argues that peace is possible.
I suggest that you arrive on time.
Smith passes to Jones, and Jones scores!
I hereby resign from my position.
So, this guy walks into a bar...
The law states that all citizens are equal.
I forget, what was your name again?
The painting captures the essence of grief.
Whatever he says, she ignores him.
I assume you've already heard the news.
The mechanism functions by rotating the gear.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'I am going' for habits instead of 'I go'.
Learners combine 'am/is/are' with action verbs.
Learners forget that 'have' changes to 'has' for he/she/it.
よくある間違い
I am work in London.
I work in London.
He like pizza.
He likes pizza.
You goes to school.
You go to school.
I no like coffee.
I don't like coffee.
Does she likes music?
Does she like music?
He don't play soccer.
He doesn't play soccer.
I always am happy.
I am always happy.
I am knowing the answer.
I know the answer.
The sun is rising in the east.
The sun rises in the east.
I work here since 2010.
I have worked here since 2010.
I suggest him to go.
I suggest that he go / he goes.
文型パターン
I ___ every day.
She doesn't ___.
Do you ___?
My father ___ at ___.
Real World Usage
I love travel and I live in Tokyo.
I manage a team of five people.
I don't eat onions, please.
The flight arrives at gate 4.
Do you want to grab pizza?
My head hurts when I walk.
「S」の音に耳を澄ませて！
He eats his dinner now.のように、耳で覚えるのが一番の近道だよ！
be動詞と混ぜないで
am や is は使わないよ。 I am eat ではなく、シンプルにこう言おう： I eat my lunch now.
「He/She/It = s」とセットで覚えよう
He eats an apple daily.のように何度も唱えてみて！
文脈が一番大事
She speaks English very well.と言えたらカッコいいね！
フラッシュカードで練習
I read a book today.のように、リズムに乗って言ってみよう！
Smart Tips
Check for the 'S'! Always ask yourself: Is it one person? Then add the 'S'.
Start with 'Do' or 'Does'. It's like a signal light for the listener that a question is coming.
Keep the next verb 'naked' (no -s, no -ing, no -ed).
Put these words BEFORE the action verb.
発音
The three sounds of -S
The -s ending can sound like /s/, /z/, or /iz/.
Do-support reduction
In fast speech, 'Do you' often sounds like 'D'ya'.
Yes/No Question
Do you like coffee? ↗
Rising intonation at the end of the question.
Statement
I like coffee. ↘
Falling intonation at the end of a fact.
暗記しよう
記憶術
He, She, It, the 'S' must fit!
視覚的連想
Imagine the letters H, S, and I (He, She, It) wearing a giant cape with a letter 'S' on it like a superhero.
Rhyme
I go, you go, we go too. But he goes, she goes, yes they do!
Story
A man named 'He' and a woman named 'She' are obsessed with the letter S. They only like things that end in S: he eatS, she sleepS, he runS. Everyone else in the village is normal and doesn't use the S.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write down 5 things you do every single morning using 'I'. Then, change them to 'My friend' and add the 's'!
文化メモ
Using the Present Simple for habits is seen as being direct and clear. It is the standard for introducing yourself.
Often uses 'have got' instead of 'have' in the present simple for possession.
Strictly uses 'do' for questions and negatives more consistently than some regional dialects.
The Present Simple comes from Germanic roots where verbs had complex endings. Over centuries, English dropped most of these endings, leaving only the 's'.
会話のきっかけ
What do you do every morning?
Where do you live?
What kind of music do you like?
How do you get to work?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
We ___ English lessons every Tuesday.
Find and fix the mistake:
My brother like pizza.
Translate into English: '彼女はカフェで働いています。'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesShe ___ in a hospital.
___ coffee.
Find and fix the mistake:
Do he play soccer?
like / they / pizza / don't
I / He / They
We ___ to the gym every day.
Select the fact.
Find and fix the mistake:
She watch TV.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI ___ to music when I study.
He ___ a lot of questions in class.
We watches movies on Fridays.
My sister study Spanish.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: '彼らは大きな街に住んでいます。'
Translate into English: '彼女は英語を教えています。'
単語を並べ替えて文を作ってね：
単語を並べ替えて文を作ってね：
主語と正しい 'drink' の形を組み合わせてね：
主語と正しい 'go' の形を組み合わせてね：
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
This is a rule from old English. The 's' is only for the third person singular (He, She, It).
Usually, no. For things happening right now, we use the Present Continuous (I am going). Use Present Simple for habits.
If there is a consonant before 'y', change 'y' to 'i' and add 'es' (studies). If there is a vowel, just add 's' (plays).
Yes, for action verbs. You can't just say 'You like coffee?'. You must say 'Do you like coffee?'.
Yes. 'Don't' is the contraction. It is very common in speaking. 'Do not' is more formal.
Because the 's' moved to the word 'do' to make it 'does'. You only need one 's' per sentence!
These are verbs like 'love', 'know', and 'want'. They usually stay in the Present Simple even if they are happening now.
You can use it for fixed schedules, like 'The movie starts at 8 PM'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente de Indicativo
English is much simpler with only two forms (go/goes).
Présent
French requires subject pronouns just like English, but has more conjugation.
Präsens
German verbs change for almost every person (gehe, gehst, geht).
Non-past tense
Japanese has no 's' for third person, but changes based on politeness.
Al-Mudari' (المضارع)
Arabic conjugation is much more complex and gendered.
No specific tense
English conjugation (the 's') is often the hardest part for Chinese speakers.
